DRUG

STUDY
Classification: ANTI-INFECTIVES-Quinolones

KARLEEN L. JARO
 GENERIC PRECAUTION/ NURSING
INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATION
NAME ADVERSE REACTION CONSIDERATION

Infections of Inhibits Drugs that inhibit PRECAUTION >Assess pt for

Ciprofloxacin the resp. tract, bacterial DNA peristalsis. Infants and Severe and persistent previous sensitivity
middle gyrase thus children, growing diarrhea during and reaction
ear,paranasal preventing adolescents. Pregnancy after treatment >Assess pt for any
BRAND NAME sinuses, eyes, replication in and lactation s/s of infection
Ciprobay kidneys, susceptible ADVERSE RXN before & during
urinary tract bacteria Common:Nausea, treatment
diarrhea, vomiting, >Assess for adverse
DOSAGE rash reactions
250-500mg Uncommon: >assess pt. &
BID Anorexia, family’s knowledge
headache,dizziness, of drug therapy
fever, GI and
abdominal pain,
flatulence, confusion,
vertigo
Classification: GASTROINTESTINAL DRUGS-Laxatives

KARLEEN L. JARO
 PRECAUTION/
GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE NURSING CONSIDERATION
REACTION
LACTULOSE Constipation, Inhibits Pt who require a low PRECAUTION: >Assess condition before
salmonellosis. bacterial lactose diet. Lactose therapy and reassess
BRAND NAME Treatment of DNA gyrase Galactosemia intolerance, regularly thereafter to
duphalac hepatic thus deficiency. Intestinal diabetes monitor drug’s
encephalopat preventing obstruction. effectiveness
DOSAGE hy replication Adverse Rxn: >Monitor pt for any
Infants: 5 ml in Abdominal adverse GI reactions,
Children: susceptible discomfort nausea,vomiting,diarrhea,
1-6 y/o- 5-10ml bacteria associated with >Assess for adverse
7-14y/o- 15ml flatulence and reactions
15-45y/o- 15- intestinal cramps. >for pt. with hepatic
30ml. Nausea, encelopathy: regularly
vomiting, assess mental condition
Dose given in 3 diarrhea on >monitor I & O
days prolonged use. >monitor for Inc. glucose
level in diabetic pts

Classification: ANTI-ALLERGICS_Anti-histamine

KARLEEN L. JARO
 GENERIC PRECAUTION/ NURSING
INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATION
NAME ADVERSE REACTION CONSIDERATION

Treatment of Long-acting Pts with severe renal PRECAUTION >obtain pt hx inc.

levocetirizine symptoms non-sedating impairment, pts with Adjustment of dose is drug hx and any
associated with antihistamine rare problems of recommended in unkown allergies
allergic that galactose intolerance elderly pts w/ >monitor pulse, BP,
BRAND NAME conditions selectively compromised renal respiration
Xyzal (including inhibits function. Lactation. > observe dizziness
ocular peripheral HI and excessive
symptoms) receptors ADVERSE RXN sedation
DOSAGE Dry mouth, headache,
Adult and fatigue, rhinitis,
adolescents abdominal pain,
more than 12 migraine
yrs- 1 tab/day
Pedia: 6-12
yrs- 1 tab/ day
Classification: ANTI-INFECTIVES-Penicillins

KARLEEN L. JARO
 PRECAUTION/ NURSING
GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATION
ADVERSE REACTION CONSIDERATION
Amoxicillin Infections of the resp. Prevents Hypersensitivity to PRECAUTION: >obtain pt’s hx of
tract, skin & skin bacterial cell penicillins, Hypersensitivity: allergy
BRAND NAME structures,paranasal wall cephalosporins. Not rxn range from >Assess pt for any
Amoxil sinuses, synthesis used to treat mild to life s/s of infection
genitourinary tract, during pneumonia, threatening >Assess for pt’s
DOSAGE otitis media, sinusitis, replication. bacteremia sensitivity to
Adult: 250- meningitis,septicemia pericarditis during penicillin ot other
500mg every acute stage. ADVERSE RXN: cepalosporins
8 hours Dizziness, fatigue, >assess for allergic
Children: 20- insomnia, skin rxn during therapy
40mg/kg/day rashes, itchy eyes, >Assess for bowel
divided sore or dry mouth, pattern, if
dosage given abnormal taste diarrhea- shld be
every 8 hrs sensation, discontinue
diarrhea, rectal
bleeding

Classification: CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS-Calcium Antagonist

KARLEEN L. JARO
 PRECAUTION/ NURSING
GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATION
ADVERSE REACTION CONSIDERATION
felodipine Treatment of Inhibits calcium ion Sick sinus syndrome, ADVERSE RXN: >assess fluid volume
hypertension influx across cell second or third-degree Peripheral edema, status, adequacy of
BRAND NAME membrane, resulting Av block except with hypotension, pulses, pitting edema,
Plendil in inhibition of functioning pacemaker, syncope, MI, angina, dehydration,
excitation/ hypotension with tachycardia, hypotension, dry mouth
DOSAGE contraction. systolic BP<90mmHg headache, dizziness, >monitor cardiac
Adult: 250- lightheadedness, status: BP, pulse,
500mg every 8 nausea, vomiting, respiration
hours sinusitis, wheezing >Assess for angina pain:
Children: 20- cough, sneezing duration,intensity,
40mg/kg/day aggravating factors
divided dosage
given every 8
hrs

Classification: CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS-Angiotensin II Antagonist

KARLEEN L. JARO
 PRECAUTION/ NURSING
GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATION
ADVERSE REACTION CONSIDERATION
TELMISARTAN Treatment of Blocks the Hypersensitivity, PRECAUTION: >assess pt’s
hypertension vasoconstrictive pregnancy, lactation. Can cause death to condition before
BRAND NAME ans aldosterone- Severe hepatic or renal the fetus if used on therapy
Pritor one-secreting impairment the 2nd trimester, >Assess for heart
effects of safety in children failure
DOSAGE angiotensin II by not yet established >Assess for
Adult: 20- selectively obstructive
80mg daily, blocking the ADVERSE RXN jaundice
usual starting binding of Diarrhea and >monitor for
dose 40mg angiotensin II to angioedema. possible drug
daily the ATI receptor Sinusitis, induced adverse
in many tissues pharyngitis, upper rxn
resp. tract >close monitoring
infection, back pain of BP and pulse

Classification: ANTI-DIARRHEALS

KARLEEN L. JARO
 PRECAUTION/ NURSING
GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATION
ADVERSE REACTION CONSIDERATION
Loperamide Symptomatic Acts on the nerve Those in whom PRECAUTION: >assess pt’s bowel
HCl control of acute endings &/or constipation must be Hepatic pattern
and chronic intramural ganglia avoided, children less dysfunction, >check response
BRAND NAME diarrhea of the intestinal than 1 yr, chronic diarrhea, after 48 hrs
IMODIUM wall to decrease hypersensitivity, dehydration >Assess hydration
intestinal motility, abdominal distention >assess for
DOSAGE resulting to ADVERSE RXN abdominal
Adult: initially prolonged Hypersensitivity distention
2 cap; retention of feces reactions, >inform pt. that
subsequent in the intestines flatulence, dry mouth may be
dose a cap abdominal pain, relieved by
after every distention or frequent sips of
stool discomfort, nausea water, hard candy
and vomiting or sugarless gum

Classification: CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DRUGS-Anti-anxiety

( Anticonvulsant/Hypnotics/Sedatives/Anxiolytics)

KARLEEN L. JARO
 PRECAUTION/ NURSING
GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATION
ADVERSE REACTION CONSIDERATION
DIAZEPAM Symptomatic Facilitates/ Hypersensitivity. PRECAUTION: > inform pt. that drug
relief of anxiety, potentiates Dependence, Hypersensitivity: may be taken with
BRAND NAME agitation, the inhibitory withdrawal symptoms cardiorespiratory food
Valium tension activity of insufficiency, >advice pt. not to
GABA at the pregnancy, abruptly discontinue
DOSAGE limbic system lactation drug after long term
Adult: 250- and reticular use
500mg every 8 formation to ADVERSE RXN >advice pt. to avoid
hours reduce Dizziness, fatigue, driving and activities
Children: 20- anxiety, blurred vision, that require alertness
40mg/kg/day promote dependence, bec, drug can cause
divided calmness and withdrawal drowsiness
dosage given sleep reactions >inform pt. that
every 8 hrs smoking may decrease
effect

Classification: DIETARY/NUTRITIONAL DRUGS-Vitamins and Minerals

KARLEEN L. JARO
 PRECAUTION/ NURSING
GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATION
ADVERSE REACTION CONSIDERATION
Calcium Antacid, calcium Decreases total Hypercalcemia, bone PRECAUTION: > administer as
carbonate supplement, acid load of GI tremors, severe renal History of stone antacid 1 hr fter
osteoporosis tract. Increase failure,hypersensitivity formation, meal and at bed
BRAND NAME esophageal pregnancy time
Calci-Aid sphincter tone >administer as
ADVERSE RXN supplement 1 ½
DOSAGE Constipation, hrs after meal and
Adult: 1-2 flatulence, at bed time
capsules daily diarrhea, renal >advice pt to
Pedia: dysfunction, acid increase fluids to
1-2 tablets rebound 2L unless
daily contraindicated

Classification: ANTI-ASTHMA

KARLEEN L. JARO
 PRECAUTION/ NURSING
GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATION
ADVERSE REACTION CONSIDERATION
Salbutamol Reversible airway Facilitates/ Hypersensitivity PRECAUTION: > drug may be
obstruction potentiates the Hyperthyroidism,D decrese sensitivity of
BRAND NAME including inhibitory M, cardiovascular spirometry used for
Ventolin bronchial asthma, activity of disease diagnosis of asthma
vilmax chronic bronchitis GABA at the >syrup may be taken
limbic system ADVERSE RXN as young as age 2
DOSAGE and reticular Fine tremor of >monitor for
Adult: 8mg formation to skeletal muscle, evidence of allergic
tablet BID reduce anxiety, feeling of tension, a rxn
Pedia: 3-12 promote compensory small
yrs calmness and increase in heart
4mg tab BID sleep rate, headache,
muscle cramps

Classification: CARDIAC DRUGS-Centrally-acting Drugs

KARLEEN L. JARO
 PRECAUTION/ NURSING
GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATION
ADVERSE REACTION CONSIDERATION
orlistat Long-term Inhibits the Chronic PRECAUTION: > assess effectiveness
treatmentof obese absorption malabsorption Children <18 yrs, of other medications
and overweight of dietary fat syndrome pregnancy, pt may be taking
BRAND NAME patients with risk lactation, (esp. anticoagulant)
Xenical factors and shld be given with >pt. may experience
comorbiditi, caution to diabetic dizziness or
associated with pt. lightheadedness
DOSAGE obesity including >advice pt to report
Adult: 1 cap hypercholeste- ADVERSE RXN persistens back pain,
with each rolemia, NIDD, Oily spotting, flatus muscle, or joint pain,
main meal impaired glusoce with discharge, fecal signs of resp. tract
tolerance, urgency, fatty/oily infection
hypertension and stool, oily
reduction of visceral evacuation. Fecal
fat incontinence

Classification: ANALGESICS

KARLEEN L. JARO
 PRECAUTION/ NURSING
GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATION
ADVERSE REACTION CONSIDERATION
Mefenamic Relief of pain Aspirin-like drug that Pregnancy & PRECAUTION: > assess pt.’s pain
acid including has lactation, If rash occurs, before therapy
muscular, analgesic,antipyretic, hypersensitivity, administration >monitor for
BRAND NAME rheumatic, & anti-inflammatory active ulceration or should be possible drug
Dolfenal traumatic, activities chronic inflammation stopped, induced adverse
dental, post-op of either upper or asthmatics, reactions
DOSAGE and postpartum lower GIT, blood Hx of liver and >advice pt. not to
Adult: start pain, headache, disorders, poor kidney disease take drug for
with 75- migraine, fever, platelet function, ADVERSE RXN more than 7 days
150mcg BID dysmenorrhea kidney or liver GI discomfort, >advice pt. to
impairment, children diarrhea or report
Severe HPN < 14 yrs constipation, gas immediately
300mg BID pain, nausea, persistence or
vomiting, failure to relieve
drowsiness pain

Classification: ANTI-INFECTIVES

KARLEEN L. JARO
 PRECAUTION/
GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATION NURSING CONSIDERATION
ADVERSE REACTION
chloroquine Antacid, Inhibits the Presence of retinal PRECAUTION: >advice pt that compliance
calcium perioxidative or visual field Hepatic disease, with dosage schedule &
BRAND NAME supplement, activity of changes alcoholism, duration of tx are necessary
chlorofoz osteoporosis heme, and monitor complete >caution pt to avoid alcohol
disrupt its blood count while taking drug
DOSAGE nonenzymatic >assess hepatic status (dec.
Adult: initially polymerization ADVERSE RXN appetite,jaundice, dark
four 250mg to hemozin Headache, nausea, urine
tablet vomiting, diarrhea, >instruct pt to use
followed by 2 skin eruptions sunglasses in bright sunlight
tab after 6-8
hrs, then2 tab
daily for 2
days

Classification: GASTROINTESTINAL DRUGS-LAXATIVES

KARLEEN L. JARO
 PRECAUTION/ NURSING
GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATION
ADVERSE REACTION CONSIDERATION
bisacodyl Constipation, Increases Nausea, vomiting or PRECAUTION: > monitor
relief of peristalsis & other symptoms of Caution is advised frequency &
BRAND NAME evacuation in motor activity appendicitis, acute during 1st 3 mos of character of stool
Dulcolax hemorrhoids, of the small surgical abdomen, pregnancy as well >monitor
prep for intestines by abdominal pain, as administration occurrence of
DOSAGE barium acting directly ulcerative lesions of to children < 4 yrs adverse rxn
Adult: 2 tab at enema, pre on the colon >swallow the
bedtime or 30 mins and post-op smooth ADVERSE RXN tablet whole, do
before breakfast, muscles. Occasional not crush or chew
max 4 tabs abdominal
Pedia: greater than discomfort,
4 yrs- 1 tab soreness in anal
Suppository: region
Pedia – 5mg
Adult- 10mg

Classification: RESPIRATORY DRUGS- MUCOKINETICS/EXPECTORANTS

KARLEEN L. JARO
 PRECAUTION/ NURSING
GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATION
ADVERSE REACTION CONSIDERATION
Carbocisteine Acute/chronic Reduces the active peptic ulcer. PRECAUTION: >assess cough:
disorders of viscosity of Hypersensitivity to Hx of peptic ulcer, type, frequency,
BRAND NAME the upper & bronchial carbocisteine hypothyroidism character
Loviscol lower secretions & > advice medical
respiratory facilitate ADVERSE RXN consultation for
DOSAGE tract expectoration Nausea, persistent cough
Capsule: associated headache, of more than 7
Adult: 250mg 2 caps, 500mg 1 with the vomiting, days
cap TID secretion & anorexia, gastric >advice pt. to
Suspension: formation of discomfort, avoid smoking
Adult – 15ml; Pedia: 6-12yrs: excessive and diarrhea, GI >suggest sugarless
5ml, 2-5 yrs: 1.25-2.5 ml viscid mucus bleeding lozenges to
Syr: decrease throat
6-12yrs: 10ml irritation and
2-5 yrs: 2.5ml cough
Drops:
12-24mos: 1.25ml, 9-11mos:
1ml, 6-8mos: 0.75ml, 3-5mos: .
50ml, <3mos: 0.25ml
All doses 3-4x/ day
Classification: CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS- ANTI-ARRYTHMICS

KARLEEN L. JARO
 PRECAUTION/
NURSING
GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE
CONSIDERATION
REACTION
Amiodarone Hcl Cardiac Blocks sodium Sinus bradycardia,. PRECAUTION >assess
arrhythmias, channels at SA and AV blocks, : cardiovascular
BRAND NAME ventricular rapid pacing pregnancy, Goiter, CHF, status before
Cordarone rhythm frequencies, hypersensitivity respiratory therapy
disorders prolonging disease > loading dose with
DOSAGE myocardial cell food to decrease
Tab: initially 3 tab/day action ADVERSE nausea
maintenance: 1-2
potential and RXN >instruct pt. that
tab/day
refractory Bradycardia, skin discoloration is
period heart block, reversible
sinus arrest, >advice pt. to wear
flushing, sunglasses for
fatigue, photophobia,
insomnia, protective clothing
headache to prevent burning

Classification: GASTROINTESTINAL DRUGS- ANTI-FLATULENTS

GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATION PRECAUTION/ NURSING CONSIDERATION

ADVERSE

KARLEEN L. JARO
 REACTION
metoclopramide Gastrointestinal Dopamine GI hemorrhage, PRECAUTION: >give 30 mins before
motility, nausea, antagonist that epileptics, Activities meals and at bed time
BRAND NAME vomiting of central acts by hypersensitivity, requiring > assess mental status
Plasil and peripheral increasing lactation, pts. With mental during treatment
origin assoc. with receptor breast cancer alertness, >tell pt. To avoid driving
DOSAGE surgery sensitivity and elderly, & other hazardous
Adult 10mg 3x/day response of lactation activities for at least 2
pedia: 15-20yrs 5- upper GIT hrs
10mg 3x/day tissues to ADVERSE RXN >advice pt. to avoid
5-14yrs: 2.5-5mg acetylcholine Restlessness, alcohol and other CNS
3x/day drowsiness, depressant that
3-4yrs: 3mg 2-3x/day fatigue, enhance sedating
1-2yrs: 1mg 2-3x/day insomnia, properties of this drug
Under 1 yr: 1mg headache,
2x/day dizziness,
nausea

Classification: CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS- BETA-BLOCKERS

PRECAUTION/ NURSING
GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATION
ADVERSE REACTION CONSIDERATION

KARLEEN L. JARO
metropolol Hypertension Exerts mainly AV blocks, PRECAUTION: >tablet may be
, chronic beta-1 adrenergic cardiogenic shock, Slowing of heart crashed or swallowed
BRAND NAME angina blocking activity sinus bradycardia rate, occasionally whole
Neobloc pectoris but also blocks severe > instruct pt to take
beta-2 receptors bradycardia may with meals
DOSAGE at high doses lead to vertigo >inform the pt that
Adult : 50mg BID or ADVERSE RXN drug only controls
100 mg OD
Occasionally but does not cure the
fatigue, dizziness, disorder
headache, GI >tell the pt. not to
disturbance, skin discontinue drug
rashes nausea abruptly can worsen
angina

Classification: CNS DRUGS- HYPNOTICS/ SEDATIVES

PRECAUTION/
GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATION NURSING CONSIDERATION
ADVERSE REACTION

KARLEEN L. JARO
phenobarbital Short-term Depressant and Hypersensitivity to PRECAUTION: >instruct pt. to avoid
treatment of anticonvulsant barbiturates, Impaired renal, alcohol and other CNS
BRAND NAME insomnia, effects may be pregnancy, severe hepatic cardiac or depressant to prevent inc.
luminal long- term related to its renal, hepatic, resp. resp. functions depression
treatment of ability to increase impairment ADVERSE RXN > withdrawal insomnia
DOSAGE generalized the inhibitory Dizziness, may occur after short-term
100-320mg. toni-clonic activity of GABA headache, use, insomnia improves in
max 600mg daily
seizures on nerve impulses hangover, 1-3 nights
confusion in >on empty stomach, 30-60
elderly, GI mins before bedtime for
disturbances, expected sleeplessness
allergic reactions, >advice pt to change
sedation and positions slowly to prevent
depression may orthostatic hypotension
occur

Classification: CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS- ANTI-INFECTIVE ( ANTI-FUNGALS)

PRECAUTION/
GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATION NURSING CONSIDERATION
ADVERSE REACTION

KARLEEN L. JARO
Nystatin Antifungal Interferes with hypersensitivity PRECAUTION: >oral suspension, shake
antibiotic fungal DNA Discontinue if well before using
BRAND NAME used for replication: binds sensitization > report persistent nausea
Mycostatin prophylaxis sterols in fungal occurs and vomiting, diarrhea or if
and cell membrane, condition worsens
DOSAGE treatment of w/c increases ADVERSE RXN >inform physician if pt is
4-6ml susp candidiasis permeability, Diarrhea, GI pregnant
4x/day or 1-2 of the skin resulting in distress, nausea,
tabs 3x/day and mucous leaking of cell vomiting
Infants: 2ml membranes nutrients
pedia susp
4x/day

Classification: Anticholinergic

GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATION SIDE EFFECTS NURSING CONSIDERATION

KARLEEN L. JARO
Atropine SO4 Helps to Contraindicated in patients Can cause blurred  monitor level of
- Antidote to reduce saliva with glaucoma, pyloric vision, dilated consciousness
BRAND NAME overdosage with and fluid in stenosis or prostatic pupils, dry mouth,  do not sit up or stand
the hypertrophy, except in palpitations urinary up quickly
cholinergic
Dose/Route: respiratory doses ordinarily used for retention,  advise patient to stay
substances (nerve tract. preanesthetic medication. tachycardia out of bright light
0.5-1.0 mg IVP Q3- gases, poisonous May also be drowsiness, and  chew sugarless gums
5min max of mushroom) used to treat confusion and suck hard candies to avoid
a slow mouth dryness
0.04mg/kg (ETT 2-2.5
- Pre-op medication heartbeat or  use lubricating drops is
x dosage) insecticide or wearing contact lenses
to reduce salivary
and resp. tract mushroom avoid extreme heat
OPP: 2-5mg Q10-15 poisoning
min (Peds secretions.
0.05mg/kg)

Pediatric: 0.02mg/kg
(minimum 0.1mg

Classification: Andrenergics

GENERIC
INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATION SIDE EFFECTS NURSING CONSIDERATION
NAME

KARLEEN L. JARO
 Increased cardiac  Before starting
Dobutamine output in short- Stimulates heart’s Contra indicated in Increased heart dobutamine therapy: (1) give a
plasma volume expander to
HCL term treat ment beta1 receptors to patients hypersensitive rate, hypertension,
correct hypovolemia (2) give
increase to drug and in those Angina, phlebitis,
of cardiac cardiac glycoside
myocardial with idiopathic nonspecific chest
decompensation  Continuously monitor
contractility and hypertrophic subaortic pain, palpitations, ECG, blood pressure,
caused by stoke volume. At stenosis hypotension, pulmonary artery wedge
depressed dosages, drug Use cautiously in nausea, vomiting, pressure, cardiac output and
BRAND NAME increases cardiac
contractility, such patients with history of shortness of urine output
output by hypertension because  Monitor Electrolyte
Dobutrex as during breath,
decreasing levels. Drug may lower
refractory heart drug may increase hypersensitivity
peripheral potassium level
pressor response reactions
failure; adjunctive vascular  Do not confuse with
Use cautiously in Dopamine
Infusion rate: therapy in cardiac resistance,
Zeducing patients with history of  Tell patient to report
2.5-10 surgery sulfite sensitivity adverse reactions promptly,
ventricular filling
mcg/kg/min . especially labored breathing
pressure and
facilitating AV and drug-induced headache
Instruct patient to report
node therapeutic
conduction discomfort at IV insertion site

Classification: Antihistamine/ anti allergic

GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATION SIDE EFFECTS NURSING CONSIDERATION

KARLEEN L. JARO
 Hay fever,  CV & CNS Special precaution for
Diphenhydramine urticaria, Antihistamine effects
HCl vasomotor rhinitis, that reduces Premature & newborn  Blood  Narrow-angle glaucoma
angioneurotic allergic infants; asthma attack; disorders  stenosing peptic ulcer
BRAND NAME edema, drug reactions,  GI  pyloroduodenal
lactation
sensitization, motion disturbances obstruction
Benadryl
serum & penicillin sickness and  Antimuscari  symptoms of prostatic
reaction, contact vertigo nic effects hypertrophy or bladder-neck
DOSAGE
dermatitis, atopic (dizziness and Allergic reactions obstruction
Capule/syrup
eczema, other loss of  History of bronchial
allergic balance), and asthma
Adult: 50 mg dermatoses, Parkinson's  increased intraocular
tid-qid. pruritus, food disease pressure
Children >20 lb: sensitivity,  hyperthyroidism
12.5-25 mg tid-qid parkinsonism,  CV disease or
motion sickness hypertension.
 Pregnancy.
Avoid operating vehicles or
machinery

Classification: Antagonist and antidotes

SIDE EFFECTS/
GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATION NURSING CONSIDERATION
ADVERSE REACTION

KARLEEN L. JARO
 Safest drug to use when
Naloxone Displaces Tachycardia cause respiratory
hydrocholoride Known suspected previously Patient known to be Hypertension depression is uncertain.
narcotic induced administered hypersensitive to Nausea
BRAND NAME
respiratory narcotic naloxone Vomiting Monitor respiratory depth
Narcan
depression analgesics hydrochloride Tremors and rate. Be prepared to
DOSAGE including that from their provide O2, ventilation
Adult : 0.4 -2 mg cause by and resuscitative
receptors.
IV q2 to 3 mins.
pentazocine and Has no measures.
p.r.n.
propaxyphene pharmacolog
Also been shown to
ic activity of
improve circulation in
its own
refractory shock

Classification: Antispasmodic

SIDE EFFECTS/ NURSING

GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATION
ADVERSE REACTION CONSIDERATION

KARLEEN L. JARO
 Myasthenia gravis,  xerostomi  Drug
Hyoscine-N-butylbromide indicated for Relieve megacolon. a compatibility
the control of cramps or Parenteral  tachycardi should be
BRAND NAME abdominal Untreated narrow- a monitored closely
spasms of  urinary
Buscopan pain (colic) angle glaucoma, in patients
the retention
associated prostate  allergic &
requiring
stomach,in
DOSAGE with hypertrophy w/ skin reactions adjunctive therapy
Adult & childn >6 yr 1-2 tab spasmodic testines, urinary retention,  Avoid
 rarely
3-5 times daily. Amp Acute colic, flatulent and mechanical dyspnea (in driving &
attacks of colicky pain colic bladder stenosis of GIT, patients w/ operating
tachycardia history of machinery after
Adolescent >12 yr 1-2 amp bronchial asthma parenteral
IV, IM or SC several times or allergy)
administration
daily. Max: 100 mg aily.  parenteral
Avoid strict heat
visual
accommodation
Infant & young childn Severe disturbance
cases: 0.3-0.6 mg/kg body wt infrequently inj site
by slow IV, IM or SC several pain (after IM inj),
rarely anaphylactoid
times daily. Max: 1.5 mg/kg
reactions &
body wt/day. anaphylactic shock

Classification: CNS stimulant

SIDE EFFECTS/
GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATION NURSING CONSIDERATION
ADVERSE REACTION

KARLEEN L. JARO
 CVD in acute & - Citicoline is an Parasympathetic •Somazine must not be
Citicoline interneuronal hypertonia Gastrointestinal administered along with
recovery phase,
disorders medicaments containing
symptoms & signs of communication
meclophenoxate
BRAND NAME enhancer. It increases
cerebral insufficiency
the neurotransmission
Somazine amp (dizziness, memory levels because it favors
loss, poor the synthesis and
DOSAGE concentration, production speed of
disorientation, recent dopamine in the
cranial trauma & their striatum, acting then as
125 mg/mL 1-2 a dopaminergic agonist
sequelae.)
inj/day. thru the inhibition of
tyrosine-hydroxylase.
250 mg/mL 1
inj/day

Classification: Loop Diuretic

GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATION SIDE EFFECTS NURSING CONSIDERATION

KARLEEN L. JARO
Furosemide acute pulmonary inhibits  Anuria  To prevent
edema sodium and  hepatic coma vertigo, nocturia, give preparation
edema chloride & precoma dizziness, in the morning and early in
BRAND NAME hypertension  severe the afternoon
reabsorption headache,
hypokalemia &/or paresthesia,  Watch for signs of
Lasix at the
hyponatremia orthostatic hpokalemia
proximal and  hypovolemia  do not confuse with
hypotension,
distal tubules w/ or w/o thrombophlebitis, Torsemide or Lasix with
DOSAGE
Adult: and the hypotension abdominal pain, Lonox
ascending Hypersensitivity to hypokalemia,  advise patient to
loop of Henle furosemide or anemia take drug with food to
Initially 1/2-1-2
sulfonamides muscle spasm prevent GI upset
tab/day
inform patient of possible
Maintenance: 1/2-1
need for potassium or
tab/day
magnesium supplements
20-40 mg IV/IM

Children: 2 mg/kg
body/wt

Classification: Anri- ulcer

GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATION SIDE EFFECTS NURSING CONSIDERATION

KARLEEN L. JARO
 •Duodenal and Completely Contraindicated in patients • Vertigo, malaise, •Assess patient for abdominal
Ranitidine HCL gastric ulcers inhibits action hypersensitive to drug and headache, blurred pain. Note presence of blood in
of histamine on those with porphyria vision, jaundice, emesis, stool, or gastric aspirate
BRAND NAME •Maintenance the H2 at burning and itching at
therapy for gastric receptor sites of •Use cautiously in patients injection site •Ranitidine may be added to total
Xantac and duodenal parietal cells, with hepatic dysfunction. parenteral nutrition solution
ulcer decreasing Adjust dose in patients
DOSAGE gastric acid with impaired renal •Instruct patient on proper use of
50 mg by slow IV •GERD secretions function OTC preparation as indicated.
then 0.125-0.25
•Erosive •Remind patient to take once
mg/kg/hr as
esophagitis daily prescription drug at bedtime
continuous IV for best results
infusion •Heartburn
•Instruct patient to take without
regard to meals because
absorption isn’t affected by food

Classification: Nutrional Agents (Calorics)

NURSING
GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATION SIDE EFFECTS
CONSIDERATION

KARLEEN L. JARO
 Fluid Minimize Hyperglycemia, diabetic  Mental confusion,  Use cautiously in cardiac or
Dextrose replacement and glyconeogenesis coma, intracranial or intra unconsciousness pulmonary disease,
spinal hemorrhage or in hyperosmolar hypertension, renal
caloric and promotes nonketotic insufficiency urinary
BRAND NAME delirium tremens.
supplementation anabolism in syndrome. obstruction and hypovolemia.
in patient who patients who can’t  Pulmonary edema  Never infuse concentrated
DOSAGE  Glycosuria, solutions rapidly, may cause
Dosage depends can’t maintain receive sufficient
osmotic diuresis hyperglycemia and fluid shift.
on fluid and adequate oral oral caloric intake.  Metabolic: Monitor glucose level carefully.
caloric intake or who is hyperglycemia, Prolonged therapy can cause
restricted from hypervolemia depletion of pancreatic insulin
requirements  Rapid termination
doing so. production and secretion.
after long term
infusion may
cause
hypoglycemia
rebound
hyperinsulinemia.
Sloughing and tissue
necrosis

Classification: Electrolytes and replacement solutions

GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATION SIDE EFFECTS NURSING CONSIDERATION

KARLEEN L. JARO
 Hypocalcemia, Replaces and Hypercalcemia, GI irritation  Use cautiously in
Calcium hypocalcemic maintains ventricular fibrillation, hemorrhage patients with
gluconate tetany, magnesium calcium renal canaliculi constipation sarcoidosis and
vomiting renal or cardiac
toxicity,
BRAND NAME thirst disease and in
hypoparathyroidism renal digitalized patients.
Kalcinate canaliculi  monitor blood
hypercalcemia calcium level
polyuria frequently.
DOSAGE
Tablets 500 mg,
650 mg, 975 mg,
1 g (contains 90
mg elemental
calcium/g)

Classification: Non narcotic /analgesics and antipyretic/ antiplatelet

GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE REACTION NURSING CONSIDERATION

KARLEEN L. JARO
 Mild pain/fever Produces  GI ulcer Prolonged  Give milk, food antacid or
Aspirin analgesia by an  GI bleeding bleeding time large glass of water to
Arthritis ill defined effect Patients with bleeding Tinnitus reduce GI adverse
(acetylsalicylic
disorders Hearing loss reactions.
acid) on the
Aspirin Nausea,vomiting  Warn patients taking
Reduce risk of heart hypothalamus
hypersensitivity GI distress prescription drugs to check
attack in patient with and by blocking Vit.K deficiency Occult bleeding with doctor before taking
BRAND NAME generation of Abnormal liver OTC combination
previous MI or unstable
angina pain impulses function containing aspirin.
Aspilet (peripheral Rash  Watch out for petechiae,
action) Bruising bleeding gums, signs of GI
Hypersensitivity bleeding.
DOSAGE manifested by  Maintain adequate fluid
Fever/mild pain: asthma and intake.
anaphylaxis Obtain hemoglobin and
325-650 mg P.O Also impedes prothrombin test
q4 hours; p.r..n clotting by blocking periodically.
prostaglandin
synthesis which
unstable angina:
prevents formation
of platelet-
325 P.O
aggregating
once/daily substances.

Classification: Antihypertensives

GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE REACTION NURSING CONSIDERATION

KARLEEN L. JARO
 drowsiness  Monitor blood pressure
dizziness and pulse rate.
Clonidine fatigue  May be given rapidly
Essential renal and Inhibits central Patient hypersensitive to
hydrochloride sedation lower blood pressure in
malignant vasomotor clonidine
nervousness some hypertensive
hypertension centers, thereby
BRAND NAME headache emergencies.
decreasing orthostatic  Rising slowly and avoid
sympatheric hypotension sudden position change
Catapres outflow. bradycardia to prevent orthostatic
urine retetion hypotension.
DOSAGE impotence Remove patch before
01-02 mg P.O B. transient glucose defribrillation to prevent
intolerance arcing
(after large
dose)
constipation
pruritis
dermatitis

Classification: Antianginals

GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE REACTION NURSING CONSIDERATION

KARLEEN L. JARO
 •Vasospastic Thought to •Contraindicated in Dizziness, light-  Don’t give
Nifedipine angina, classic inhibit calcium patients headedness, immediate-release
hypersensitive to headache, form within 1 week of
chronic stable ion influx across
drug weakness, acute MI or in acute
BRAND NAME angina pectoris cardiac and peripheral coronary syndrome
smooth-muscle edema, flushing,  Alert: despite
•Use cautiously in
Adalat •Hypertension cells, decreasing patients with heart
nausea, the previously
Syncope, widespread SL use
contractility and failure or nervousness, nifedipine capsule,
DOSAGE oxygen hypotension and in hypotension, avoid this route of
Adults: elderly patients. Use
demand. Also palpitations, administration.
Initial: 10-30mg extended-release
may dilate nasal congestion, Excessive hypotension,
PO TID tablets cautiously in
coronary diarrhea, MI, and death may
Maximum: 120- patients with severe constipation, result
180mg arteries and GI narrowing abdominal  Monitor blood
arteriole discomfort, pressure regularly,
Hypertension: muscle cramps, especially in patients
30-60mg PO dyspnea, who take beta blockers
pulmonary or antihypertensive
edema, cough,  Watch for
rash, puritus symptoms of heart
failure

Classification: Antianginals

GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATION SIDE EFFECTS NURSING CONSIDERATION

KARLEEN L. JARO
Nicardipine
Chronic stable Inhibits calcium Patient who are  Dizzine Patients with hepatic
BRAND NAME angina ion influx across hypersensitive to ss impairment should
cardiac and nicardipine  Headac receive lower dose
Cardipine he
smooth muscle
 Parest
cells, thus Monitor blood pressure.
hesis
DOSAGE decreasing  Drowsi
Initially Allow atleast 3 days
myocardial ness
contractility and  Periph between dosage
20 mg P.O Tid
oxygen demand eral edema adjustment to achieve
and coronary  Palpita steady plasma levels.
hypertension
tions
20 to 40 mg P.O arteries and
 Tachyc Advise patient to report
t.i.d increase arterioles. ardia immediately if
dosage depends
 Nausea
on the patients experiencing chest pain
 Dry
response
mouth
 Abdom
inal
discomfort
 Rash
 Flushin
g

Classification: Corticosteroids

KARLEEN L. JARO
 GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATION SIDE EFFECTS NURSING CONSIDERATION
Patient had an allergic Increased appetite Stop drug and notify
reaction previously. Weight gain doctor if patient develops
Dexamethasone Have an active peptic Water retention
Inflammation of Diffuses across cell signs of systemic
ulcer Increased WBC
corticosteroid- membrane and absorption.
BRAND NAME Have an active herpes Hypokalemia
responsive complexes with Skin rash
simplex fungal or
dermatoses specific cytoplasmic mycobacterial infection Dizziness Before applying, gently
Dexon receptors ot the eye, ear infection Insomia wash skin to prevent
Headache damage to skin rub
DOSAGE medication gently.
anti- Active tuberculosis
The initial dosage inflammatory Treatment should be
varies from 0.75 effects in Have psychoneurosis or continued for a few days
disorders of psychosis after clearing of lesions to
to 9 mg a day
many organ prevent recurrence
depending on the
systems
disease being
treated

KARLEEN L. JARO