‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎﯼ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ‪ 63/20‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻭﻟﺖ‬

‫ﻃﺎﻫﺮ ﻃﺎﻫﺮﻧﮋﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﺣﻤﺖ ﺍﷲ ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﻧﻤﺎﺯﻱ‬

‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﻫﻴﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺑﺮﻕ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻬﻴﺪ ﭼﻤﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻫﻮﺍﺯ‪ -‬ﺗﻠﻔﺎﻛﺲ‪0611-3337010 :‬‬

‫ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﮊﻩ‪ :‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ‪ ،‬ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ‪63/20kV‬‬

‫ﭼﻜﻴﺪﻩ‪ :‬ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﻱ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﻱ ﻭ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺻﺮﻑ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻄﺎﻱ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ‪ ،‬ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺳﻌﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﺭﺍﻳﺞ ﺧﺒﺮﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻗﻮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﻱ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﺷﻜﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺻﺮﻑ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻭ‬
‫ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻭ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﮔﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺳﻌﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﻕ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻬﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻭ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪-1‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬

‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻﹰ ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﻱ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﺳﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺻﺮﻑ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻄﺎﻱ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ‪ IEC‬ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ]‪ .[4-1‬ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﭼﻮﻥ ‪، SIEMENS ، ASEA‬‬
‫‪ MEIDEN ، SPRECHER‬ﻭ … ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺧﺒﺮﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﻱ‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺨﺸﻴﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻄﺎﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺷﻜﺎﻻﺕ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬
‫ﻭ ﺻﺮﻓﻪﺟﻮﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺒﺮﻩ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺁﻥ‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺧﺒﺮﻩ ﻭ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﺧﺒﺮﻩ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ؛ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻫﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬
‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺒﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺷﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦﺗﺮ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﻫﻤﮕﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﻠﺖ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﻱ ‪ ،63/20kV‬ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﭽﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺤﺖ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ “ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﻱ” ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ‪، TYPE A‬‬
‫‪ TYPE B‬ﻭ ‪ TYPE C‬ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺳﻌﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ‪ ،‬ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﻭ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﺧﺒﺮﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺍﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﻭ‬
‫ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﻱ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪-2‬ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬

‫ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﻠﺖ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﭽﻪﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺭﺍ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ “ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﻱ” ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ‪، TYPE A‬‬
‫‪ TYPE B‬ﻭ ‪ TYPE C‬ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -1-2‬ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﺣﺎﻛﻢ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺗﻚ ﺧﻂ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﭘﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﭽﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻳﺎﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﮔﺬﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻃﺮﺍﺡ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﺪﺭﺝ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﭘﺴﺖ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﺗﻚ ﺧﻄﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﮑﺎﺕ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪ IEC‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -2-2‬ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﺧﺒﺮﻩ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻭ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﺮﻕ ﭘﺴﺖ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﻧﺎﻣﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ‪ 50Hz‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ‪ ، Y-d‬ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺳﺘﺎﺭﻩ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺴﻲ ﻭ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺿﺮﺑﻪﺍﻱ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﻧﺎﻣﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﻱ ﻭ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ‪ SCL‬ﭘﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻣﭙﺪﺍﻧﺲ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -5‬ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﺍﻋﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺩﺭﻳﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ‪ ،‬ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻲ‪ ،‬ﺷﺪﺕ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻳﺦ ﻭ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -6‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺩﺭﻳﺎ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﻘﺮﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -7‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﭘﺴﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -8‬ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‪ ،‬ﺷﺪﺕ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎﺩ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪ -3-2‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﭘﺴﺖ‬

‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻱ ﺗﻚ ﺧﻄﻲ ﭘﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﻤﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﺎﻱ ﺗﻚ ﺧﻄﻲ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﻤﺎﻫﺎ ﭼﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -3‬ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﭘﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺑﺮ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ‬
‫ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ‪ ،‬ﺗﻠﻪ ﻣﻮﺝ‪ ،‬ﺳﻜﺴﻴﻮﻧﺮ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻳﻜﺮ‪ ،‬ﺷﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻭ … ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ ﻛﻠﻲ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ “ﺁﻳﺎ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺴﺖ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﺧﻴﺮ؟” ﺍﮔﺮ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺭﺳﻢ ﻭ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺎﺕ ﺭﺳﻢ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﺍﻍ‬
‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺗﺎ‬
‫ﺭﺳﻢ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (1‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺁﻳﺎ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺗﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﭘﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﻡ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺧﻄﻬﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﺣﺎﻛﻢ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺗﻚ ﺧﻂ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻓﻴﺪﺭﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﻋﺪﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑِﻲ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺳﻪ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻓﻴﺪﺭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺑِﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺍﺯﺩﻩ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﺑﺖ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﻫﺮ ﺧﻂ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﭘﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﺧﻄﻬﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ‬
‫ﭘﺴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﭘﺴﺖ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩﺍﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﭘﺴﺖ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﻠﺰﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ‬
‫ﭘﺴﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻧﻜﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﻣﺠﺒﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﭘﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﺑﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒﻼﹰ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﭘﺴﺖ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ‬
‫ﻧﺎﻣﻲ ﻭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻳﺰﻭﻻﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺍﻳﺰﻭﻻﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺩﺭﻳﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺩﺳﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ‬
‫ﻭ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊﻱ ﻭ ﻋﺎﻳﻘﻲ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺿﺮﺍﻳﺐ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺗﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊﻱ ﻭ ﻋﺎﻳﻘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﺎﻱ ﺗﻚ ﺧﻄﻲ )ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ( ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺳﻢ ﻧﻤﺎﻱ ﺗﻚﺧﻄﻲ ﭘﺴﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﭘﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺭﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺮﻁ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﺧﺒﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻴﺪﻥ‬
‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺧﻄﻬﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺑﻲ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺧﻂ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻠﻪ ﻣﻮﺝﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﺴﺖ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺩﻭ ﺳﻜﺴﻴﻮﻧﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﻓﻴﻦ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻃﺒﻖ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺳﻜﺴﻴﻮﻧﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺳﻜﺴﻴﻮﻧﺮ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺗﻴﻐﻪ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻃﺒﻖ ﺁﻣﺎﺭ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎﻱ‬
‫‪ 63/20kV‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺮﻁ‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﺶ ﻓﺮﺽ ﺷﻴﻨﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺷﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺟﺪﺍ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ‪ ،‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﻭ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﭘﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﻛﻤﻜﻲ ﻭ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻﹰ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﻓﻴﺪﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﭘﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻓﻴﺪﺭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻭ ﻳﻚ‬

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‫ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ ﺧﻂ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻴﺪﺭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﻭﺻﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﻃﻲ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻖ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻧﻤﺎﻱ ﺗﻚﺧﻄﻲ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺭﺳﻢ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺗﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻳﻚ ﭘﺴﺖ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺣﺬﻑ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﺎﻱ ﺗﻚ ﺧﻄﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺣﺬﻑ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺭﺳﻢ ﻧﻤﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﻭ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺧﺒﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻣﻲﭼﻴﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬
‫ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺍﺻﻼﺣﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻂ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﻤﺎﻱ ﺗﻚﺧﻄﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻧﻤﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻟﺤﻈﻪ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺛﺒﺖ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻭﻉ‬

‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﭘﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬

‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ؟‬

‫ﻓﺮﺍﺧﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬

‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﭘﺴﺖ‬

‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ‬

‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬

‫ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‬
‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ؟‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬

‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺁﻳﺎ ﭘﺴﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻠﻪ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ؟‬
‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺗﻠﻪ ﻣﻮﺝ‬

‫ﺁﻳﺎ ﭘﺴﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬

‫ﺳﻜﺴﻴﻮﻧﺮ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ؟‬
‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺳﻜﺴﻴﻮﻧﺮ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻭ ﺍﻟﻲ ﺁﺧﺮ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(1‬ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﭘﺴﺖ‬

‫ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﻉ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎﹰَ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﻲ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮﻩ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ‪ ،‬ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﭘﻴﺶﻓﺮﺽ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﭘﻴﺶ ﻓﺮﺽ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻴﺶﻓﺮﺿﻬﺎ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‪ ،‬ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ‪ ،‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -4‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬

‫‪4‬‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﺧﺒﺮﻩ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﭘﺴﺖ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﻤﺎﻱ ﺗﻚ ﺧﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﻤﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﻤﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻭ ﻧﻤﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺑﺮﻭﻱ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻳﺎﺑﻲ‬
‫ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﺎﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻤﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -1-4‬ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬

‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎﹰَ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺁﻏﺎﺯﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ‬
‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﺽ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺗﻚ ﺧﻄﻲ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺭﺳﻢ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺣﺬﻑ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺠﺪﺩﺍﹰَ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻨﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭ ﻛﻠﻴﻚ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ ﺁﻥ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ )ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (2‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺒﻴﻨﻴﺪ(‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻠﻴﻚ‬
‫ﺳﻤﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻮﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻧﺘﺎﺏ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﺣﺬﻑ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -1-1-4‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ‬

‫ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (2‬ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ‪ ،‬ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻕ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﭘﻴﺶﻓﺮﺽ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻠﻴﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪﺍﻱ ﺧﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﭘﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻛﻞ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻭ ﻧﻤﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -2-1-4‬ﺣﺬﻑ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﺬﻑ ﻳﻚ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻛﻠﻴﻚ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻨﻮﻱ ﺣﺬﻑ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ‬
‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺣﺬﻑ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ‪ ،‬ﺣﺬﻑ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﺪﺩﺍﹰ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﻤﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺬﻑ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -3-1-4‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ‬

‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺑِﻲ ﺧﻂ ﻳﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺑِﻲ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻮ ﭘﻴﺎﻣﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻞ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑِﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ‪ ،‬ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺠﺪﺩﺍﹰ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﻭ ﻧﻤﺎﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(2‬ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻱ ﺗﻚ ﺧﻄﻲ ﻳﻚ ﭘﺴﺖ ‪63/20kV‬‬

‫‪ -2-4‬ﻧﻤﺎﻱ ﺗﻚ ﺧﻄﻲ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻧﻤﺎﻱ ﺗﻚ ﺧﻄﻲ ﻭ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺴﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻﹰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺴﺖ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﭘﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﺗﻚ ﺧﻄﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ؛ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺣﺬﻑ ﻧﻴﺰ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﻮﺷﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻫﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﻢ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﻡ ﻧﻴﺰ‬
‫ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﻨﻤﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﻛﻮﭼﻚﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﻠﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﭼﻮﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﺍﻣﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﻧﺮﺍ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭼﺎﭘﮕﺮ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻨﻮﻱ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺭﺍ ﭼﺎﭖ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﻡ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻧﻤﺎﻱ ﺗﻚ ﺧﻄﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﭼﺎﭖ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -3-4‬ﻧﻤﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ‬

‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻧﻤﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ )ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒﻼﹰ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ( ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ )ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (3‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺒﻴﻨﻴﺪ(‪.‬‬

‫‪ -4-4‬ﻧﻤﺎﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﻻ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻫﺮ ﺳﻪ ﻓﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻪ ﻓﺎﺯ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ ﻭ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﺁﻥ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻡ ﺗﻚ ﺧﻄﻲ ﻭ ﻧﻤﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -5-4‬ﻧﻤﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺑﺮﻭ‬

‫ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻧﻤﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺑﺮﻭ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺍﺭﺗـﺒﺎﻁ ﻣـﻘﺮﻩﻫﺎ ﺑـﺎ ﺳﻪ ﻓـﺎﺯ ﻭ ﻓـﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻋـﺎﻳـﻘﻲ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﺗـﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸـﺨﺺ‬
‫ﻣـﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻟـﮕﻮﺭﻳـﺘﻢ ﻭ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻓﺮﻣﻬﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ )ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (4‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺒﻴﻨﻴﺪ(‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(3‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﻛﻠﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻳﻚ ﭘﺴﺖ ‪63/20kV‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(4‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﻛﻠﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺑﺮﻭﻱ ﭘﺴﺖ ‪63/20kV‬‬

‫‪ -6-4‬ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ‬

‫ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻫﺮ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺟﻤﻊﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﺎﻱ ﺗﻚﺧﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﻼﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -5‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﭘﺴﺖ ‪ 63/20kV‬ﺑﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺧﻂ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺳﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﻭ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺧﻂ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒﻼﹰ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ‪ ،‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﻧﺎﻣﻲ ﻭ ﺳﻄﺢ‬
‫ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﻋﺎﻳﻘﻲ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎﻱ )‪ (5‬ﺍﻟﻲ )‪ (8‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻗﺖ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺿﻮﺡ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (1‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺴﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﺿﺢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ‬
‫ﻫﺮ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻠﻴﻚ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻧﻤﺎﻱ ﺗﻚ ﺧﻄﻲ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﻗﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﻫﻮﻳﺪﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﭘﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪7‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(6‬ﻧﻤﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(5‬ﻧﻤﺎﻱ ﺗﻚ ﺧﻄﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(8‬ﻧﻤﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ :(7‬ﻧﻤﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬

‫‪8‬‬
 ‫ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﭘﺴﺖ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ‬:(1) ‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‬
Power Transformer Specifications
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- General Data of this Type :
1-1- Type of Power Transformer .......................test1
1-2- Installation ......................................Outdoor
1-3-1- Type of Cooling ...............................ONAN/ONAF/OFAF
1-3-2- Type ............................................3Ph
1-3-3- Rated Frequency .................................50 Hz
1-4- Rated Load Power Output ...........................30 MVA
2- Rated Voltage :
2-1- HV ................................................72.5 kv
2-2- LV ................................................20 kv
2-3-1- TV ..............................................400 V
2-3- Highest system Voltage :
2-3-2- HV ..............................................72.5 kV
2-3-3- LV ..............................................24 kv
2-4- TV ................................................400 V
2-5- HV System .........................................Solidly Earthed Neutral
2-6- LV System .........................................Isolated
Trans Bay Disconnector Specifications
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- Type of Earthing Disonnector ........................test1
2- Rated Voltage (KV) ..................................63 KV
3- Number of Phase .....................................SF6
4- Phase Spacing .......................................no thung
5- Type of Brake .......................................Center Break
6- Type of Mounting ....................................Horizontal
7- Rated Current .......................................1600
8- Clamps And Connectors ...............................no thung
9- Type of Interlock ...................................VIA 110 V.DC
10- Method of Operation :
10-1- For Insulator ....................................Manual
10-2- For Earthing Switch ..............................Manual
11- Operation Device :
11-1- For Insulator ....................................Manual
11-2- For Earthing Switch ..............................Manual
12- Auxiliary Contacts :
12-1- Quantity .........................................20
12-2- Normally Open ....................................10
12-3- Normally Close ...................................10
Power Circuit Breaker Specifications
--------------------------------------------------------------------
1- Particulars of System and Service Conditions :
1-1- Type of Power Circuit Breaker ......................test1
1-2- Nominal Voltage ....................................63 KV
1-3- Rated Normal Current at Standard Conditions :
1-3-1- Line Feeder ......................................1600 A
1-3-2- Transformer Feeder .. ..........................1600 A
1-3-3- Bus Section ......................................1600 A
2- Characteristics of circuit Breaker :
2-1- Number of Poles ....................................3
2-2- Type ...............................................SF6
2-3- Class ..............................................Outdoor
2-4- Rated Voltage ......................................72.5
2-5- Rated Normal Current ...............................1600
2-6- Rated Short Circuit Breaking Current ...............31.5 KA
2-7- Out of Phase Breaking Current ......................6.3 KA
2-8- Rated Line Charging Current ........................10 A
2-9- Rated Cable Charging Current .......................125 A
2-10- First Pole to Clear Factor (KV/uS) ................1.5
2-11- Rated Operating Sequence ..........................O-0.3Sec CO-3Min CO-15Min
2-12- Max. Breaking Time ................................60 ms
2-13- Single Pole or 3 Pole Operation ...................3 Pole
2-14- Min. External Creepage Distance (mm) ...............1450

‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬-5

‫ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺳﻌﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ‬63/20kV ‫ ﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮﻱ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ‬،‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‬
‫ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻛﻠﻲ‬،‫ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ‬.‫ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‬،‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﺧﺒﺮﻩ‬
،‫ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ‬.‫ﭘﺴﺖ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻭ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﭘﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩ‬
‫ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬.‫ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﻭﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬،‫ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺠﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ‬،‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ‬.‫ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ‬
.‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ‬

‫ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ‬-6

.‫ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ‬،‫ ﻣﺸﺎﻧﻴﺮ‬،‫ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻧﺖ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎ‬،‫ ﺍﻣﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﻕ‬،‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻭﻟﺖ‬63/20 ‫ﺍﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎﻱ‬ -1
2- H. Gremmel, “Switchgear Manual,” ABB Handbook, 10th Edition, 2001.
3- M. J. Bio, “Air Insulated Substation – Bus/Switching Configurations,” The Electric Power Engineering
Handbook, IEEE 2002.
4- D. L. Harris, “High Voltage Switching Equipment,” The Electric Power Engineering Handbook, IEEE
2002.
5- IEEE Guide for the Design, Construction and Operation of Safe and Reliable Substations for
Environmental Acceptance, IEEE Standard 1127, 1998.
.1381 ،‫ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﻧﻮ‬،‫ ﻧﻴﺘﻮ‬:‫“ ﻣﺆﻟﻒ‬،‫ ”ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﻭﻳﮋﻭﺍﻝ ﺑﻴﺴﻴﻚ‬،‫ ﺑﻬﺮﺍﻡ ﭘﺎﺷﺎﻳﻲ‬-5