WHAT IS FIRST AID?

• First Aid is the care given immediately to an injured or ill person

• It includes self-help and home care if medical assistance is not
available or delayed.

OBJECTIVES OF FIRST AID:

• To alleviate suffering
• To prevent added/further injury or danger
• To prolong life

RolesandResponsibili esofaFirstAider

Afirstaideris atrainedpersonnel who

providesfirstaid.Thefollowingaretherolesand
responsibili esofafirstaider:

§ Bridgesthegapbetweenthevic mandthe
physician.He/shedoesnottaketheplaceofthe
servicesofthephysician.His/herrole endswhen
thephysician’sbegins.
§ Ensuressafetyofhim/herself andthatof
bystanders.
§ Gainsaccesstothevic m
§ Determinesanythreatstopa ent’slife
§ Summonsadvancedmedical careasneeded.
§ Providesneededcareforthepa ent.
§ Recordsall findingsandcaregiventothepa ent

Did you know that…

According to World Health Organiza on, every day more than 2000 children and
teenagers die from an injury which could have been prevented? The five most
important causes of uninten onal injury are: road traffic injuries, drowning,
burns, falls and poisoning.

In providing proper first aid, iden fying the vic m’s

injury or sudden illness and its seriousness is necessary. The
first aider should systema cally assess the vic m by doing the
following:

ü Obtain consent of the vic m

ü Gain the confidence of the vic m
ü Iden fy vic m’s problems and which of them requires
immediate first aid
ü Get useful informa on about the vic m for use of a ending
medical personnel a erwards
2.AskforHelp Techniques In Bandaging And Dressing Of Wounds
Call foremergencymedical servicesandalwaysbeinformedofemergency
ing
hotlinesin theareasuchasRedCrossHotlineNo.143.Becalm andspeakclearly d . C over
rolle nces
whenrepor ngtoemergencyhotlines.
g is cont are enha can
in c are
e r bleed er wound wound c
3.SecondarySurvey ged a . Prop roper
d b anda bleeding ery. Imp y parts.
Methodically checkotherinjuriesoril nessesbyperformingahead-to-toe ed an ntrol recov f bod
b e dress n and co s in fast t in loss o
examina on.Checktheheadandface,neck,abdomen,limbsandback.Also,check d
houl fec o d hel resul
p
forhistoryofcasualtylikeallergies, lastmeal, pastandpresentmedical history,for ou nds s revent in ic m, an ay even
W ds p the v nd m
a
medica ons, andeventsleadingtotheincident. woun comforts nfec on
g ,
n caus e i
heali

ARM SLING
 FRONTANDBACKBANDAGE
TRIANGULARBANDAGEFORHAND

CRAVAT OF HEAD OR EAR

TRIANGULARBANDAGEFORFOOT

CRAVATBANDAGEOFEYE
CRAVATOFJAW
 SPRAINED ANKLE BANDAGE CRAVAT PRESSURE BANDAGE – PALM
CRAVATOFELBOW
OF HAND

CRAVATFORKNEE
CRAVAT FOR KNEE

TRANSPORTINGTHEVICTIM

WHATARETHEDIFFERENTWAYSOF
TRANSPORTINGAVICTIM?

CRAVATFORLEG
 TRANSPORTINGTHEVICTIM TRANSPORTING THE VICTIM
ONE-MANCARRY ONE-MAN CARRY
ANKLEPULL
This methodis thequickestway SHOULDER PULL This method supports the head
tomoveavic min ashort of the vic m. It is preferred than
distanceonanevenground. ankle pull. Rescuer should bend
Vic mswould notpreferthis over at the waist while pulling.
kindofmethod. • Hold the vic m by clothing
• Hold thevic monanklesor under the shoulders
pants • Support the head by keeping
• Pull withyourlegs,withyour your arms on both sides of
backasstraightaspossible the head
• Keeppullingonastraightline • Keep pulling on a straight line
aspossible as possible
• Watchovertheheadfor
possible bounceonuneven
surface

TRANSPORTING THE VICTIM TRANSPORTING THE VICTIM

ONE-MAN CARRY ONE-MAN CARRY

This is used to carrya vic m in

longerdistances. Posi oningthe
vic m demands a veryable
This method issuitable for rescuer orsomeone’s assistance.
children orvery light people. • Vic mis placed overone
• Put yourarmsunderthe shoulder
vic m’s knees and around • Wrap one arm across vic m’s
theirback. legsand grip the vic m’s
opposite arm

FIREFIGHTERCARRY
ONE-PERSONLIFT

TRANSPORTINGTHEVICTIM TRANSPORTINGTHEVICTIM

ONE-MANCARRY ONE-MANCARRY

PACK-STRAPCARRY
BLANKETPULL This is usually donetocarrythe
This is anideal wayofpullinga
vic min longerdistances.
vic m.
• Placebothvic m’sarmsover
• Posi onthevic mona
yourshoulders
blanketwithhead2 .from
• Crossvic m’sarms,holding
oncecorneroftheblanket
thewristswitharms,closeto
• Wraptheblanketcorners
yourchest
aroundthevic m
• Balanceloadwithyourhips
• Pull withyourlegs,withyour
andsupportthevic mwith
backasstraightaspossible
yourlegs
 TRANSPORTINGTHEVICTIM TRANSPORTINGTHEVICTIM
TWO-PERSONCARRY TWO-PERSONCARRY
Inthis method, consciousvic mscanuserescuersascrutchesin swingingtheir legs.
Forunconsciousvic ms, this methodmovesthevic moutofimmediatedangerquickand
easy.
• Withthevic montheground, rescuersstandoneithersideofthevic m’s chest
• Rescuer’s handnearestthefeetgrabsthevic m’s wristontheir sideofthevic mwhile
otherhandgraspstheclothingoftheshouldernearestthem
• Putthevic min asi ngposi onbypullingandli ingthevic m’s arms HUMANCRUTCH/TWO-
• Theconsciousvic mstandswithrescuers’ assistanceandrescuers’ handsaroundthe PERSONDRAG
vic m’s wrist
• Forunconsciousvic m, rescuerswil hold thebelt orwaistbandofthevic m’s clothing
• Therescuerswil squatdown, placingthevic m’s armsovertheir shouldersandending
upfacingthesamedirec onasvic m’s
• Usingtheir legs, theystandwiththevic mandmoveout, draggingthevic m’s legs
behind.

TRANSPORTINGTHEVICTIM TRANSPORTING THE VICTIM

TWO-PERSONCARRY TWO-PERSON CARRY

This methodentails carryingconscious Usually used for transpor ng

andalertvic ms tomoderatedistances.
This is only usedwhenvic msareable to
standunsupportedandhold themselves
uprightduringtransport.
• Rescuersgrabwristsasshownforming
theseat
• Allowthevic mtosit byloweringthe
seatusinglegs,nottheback.Vic m’s
armsareplacedaroundtherescuers’
necks.
• Rescuersstandusinglegs,andkeep
their backstraight
unconscious vic ms in long distances
FOUR-HANDEDSEAT
• Both rescuers squat down on either
side of the vic m and reach under the
vic m’s shoulders and under the
knees
• Rescuers grasp each other’s wrist and
stand with proper li ing technique
• Walk in the direc on where the vic m
is facing
TWO-HANDED SEAT

TRANSPORTINGTHEVICTIM TRANSPORTINGTHEVICTIM
THREE-MANCARRY
TWO-PERSONCARRY
HAMMOCKCARRY
This is usedforcarryingvic msupand Three ormorerescuers alternately
downthestairsorthroughnarrowor posi on themselves on both sides ofthe
unevenareas, usingasturdychair with vic m,withthe strongestrescueronthe
nowheels. sidewith fewer rescuers.
• Havethevic msit onthechair • Rescuersreach underthevic mand
• Therescuerposi onedonthevic m’s grasp onewristoftheopposite
headholdsthechair withpalmsin. rescuer.Rescuers onthe ends will
He/Shethen ltsthechair only graspone wrist ofthe opposite
• Onshortdistancesorstairwells, the rescuer.
secondrescuerfacesin andholdsthe • Rescuersat theendswill usetheir
chair legs freehandtosupport the vic m’shead
• Onlongerdistances, thesecond and feet/legs
rescuerseparatesthevic m’s legs, • Rescuerswillthen squat andli the
his/herbackintothechair andboth CHAIR CARRY vic musingproper li ing techniques.
rescuersstandusingtheir legs.
 TRANSPORTINGTHEVICTIM
THREE-MANCARRY
THREE-PERSONCARRRORSTRETCHERLIFT
FIRST AID FOR
Usedtoli vic msonbedorstretcher,
andfortranspor ngthemin short
distances.
COMMON
• All rescuerswil kneel ontheknee
nearesttothevic m’sfeet
• Rescuerattheheadofthevic mwil
signal thetwootherstoli thevic m
UNINTENTIONAL
upandrestthevic montheir li ed
knees INJURIES

WHAT ARE THE FIRSTAID PROCEDURES FOR COMMON

UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES?
d. Fracture – breaks that usually happen in the bone. When a broken bonefractures the
skin, it causes an open or compound fracture.

First aid for fracture:

• Cover wound with non-fluffy sterile dressing. Applypressure around the injuryto control
bleeding but be careful not to press on protruding bone. Carefully place a sterile wound
dressing or more clean padding over and around the dressing
• Put bandage securing the dressing and padding. Avoid impairing the circula on beyond
bandage
• Immobilize injured partand arrange to transport casualtyto hospital
• Treat casualty for shock if necessary.Do not raisethe injured part. Monitor vital sign un l help
arrives. Check the circula on every ten minutes. Loosen the bandages if circula on is
impaired.

WHAT ARE THE FIRST AID PROCEDURES FOR COMMON
UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES?
8. Burn – this happens when the skin is damage by burning and can no longer
func on effec vely against infec on. This can cause related injuries, significant fluid
loss, and infec ons that may develop later
First aid for burn:
• Help the vic m to sit or lie down. Prevent burnt body part from ground contract
• Cool the injury by flooding it with plenty of cold water. But do not prolong the transfer to a
hospital. Call for emergency help and if possible, let someone do it while you cool the burn
• Con nuously cool the affected are for at least 10 minutes or un l pain is relieved. Monitor
signs of breathing difficulty. Do not overcool the vic m for it might lower the body
temperature to a dangerous level
• Do not touch the injury. Safely remove any accessories like belts, shoes, watches, ang burnt
clothing. Do not remove clothes stuck to the burn
• Cover the injures are and protect it from infec on. Use clean materials.
WHAT ARE THE FIRSTAID PROCEDURES FOR COMMON
UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES?
5. Choking– inability tobreathecaused by theblocking of airway by a piece of
food or small object. A vic m can use the universal sign for chokingby clutching the
throatwith one or both hands
First aid for adult or older child choking:
• Stand behind the vic m and wrap your one hand around vic m’s waist
• Place thumb side offist into the abdomen above the navel and below rib cage then grab fist
with other hand
• Do five abdominal thrusts. Apply pressure inward and push up toward the vic m’s
diaphragm in one smooth movement
• Repeat cycleof five abdominal thrusts un l object comes out
• Help the vic m if having breathing difficul es a er the object is dislodged
WHAT ARE THE FIRST AID PROCEDURES FOR COMMON
UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES?
First aid for self-choke:
• Get a en on by using universal sign for choking
• Give self-abdominal thrusts. Repeat un l object is out
First aid for infant or child choke:
• Posi on vic m for five quick blows – Vic m faces down on your upper leg. Place your hand
around the lower jaw and chest for head support. Using the heel of your hand, give five
quick blows between the vic m’s shoulder blades
• Posi on vic m for five quick chest thrusts – Vic m faces up on your upper leg and the head
lower than the trunk. Press two to three fingers in the center of the breastbone between the
nipples. Give five quick chest thrusts.
• Repeat five blows and chest thrusts un l object is out
• Help the vic m if having breathing difficul es a er the object is dislodged
WHAT ARE THE FIRST AID PROCEDURES FOR COMMON
UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES?
6. Drowning – submerging and suffoca ng in water. This can result to hypothermia
when submerged for a long period of me. It can also cause sudden cardiac arrest
due to the cold water.
First aid for drowning:
• Help vic m lie down on a rug or coat with the head lower than the rest of the body, enabling
his or her mouth to drain water
• Treat for hypothermia. Remove wet clothes and change with dry clothes, if possible. Cover
the vic m with dry coats or blankets. When vic m becomes conscious, give the vic m a
warm drink or chocolate
• Call emergency help even if the vic m appears to be fully recovered. There might be risk of
secondary drowning