ASSIGNMENT NO.

2(Method of proof)

Teacher Name: Dr. Shehraz Akhtar Class: BS(Math) Semester: 1st

Course Title: Elements of set theory & Mathematical logic Course code: Math-1103

1. Use the method of direct proof to prove that:

(a) The product of two odd integers is an odd integer.
(b) The sum of two even integers is an even integer.
(c) If n is an odd integer, then 5n2  11 is an even integer.
(d) If n is an even integer, then 3n2  4n  5 is an odd integer.
(e) If n is an even integer, then 5n 3 is an even integer.
(f) If n  and 7n  3 is odd, then n is even.
2. Find the mistake in the “proof” of the following result, and provide a correct proof.
Result. If m is an even integer and n is an odd integer, then 2m + 3n is an odd
integer.
Proof. Since m is an even integer and n is an odd integer, m = 2k and n = 2k + 1
for some integer k. Therefore,
2m + 3n = 2(2k) + 3(2k + 1) = 10k + 3 = 2(5k + 1) + 1 = 2l + 1;
where l = 5k + 1. Since k  , l  . Hence, 2m + 3n = 2l + 1 for some integer l,
whence 2m + 3n is an odd integer.
3. Find the mistake in the “proof ” of the following result, and provide a correct proof.
Result. For all integers n  1, n 2  2n  1 is composite.
Proof. Let n = 4. Then, n 2  2n  1  42  2  4   1  25 and 25 is composite.
4. Let n  . Prove that if 5n + 3 is odd, then n is even.
5. Let x  . Prove that if 11x- 3 is even, then x is odd.
6. Let n  . Prove that if 5n + 3 is odd, then 7n + 4 is even.
7. Let n  . Prove that if 7n + 4 is even, then 3n -5 is odd.
8. Prove that the product of two consecutive integers is an even integer.
9. Prove that the square of any integer has the form 3k or 3k + 1 for some integer k.
10. Prove that the square of any integer has the form 4k or 4k + 1 for some integer k.
11. Prove that every prime number greater than 3 has the form 6k +1 or 6k +5 for some
integer k.
12. Prove that the product of an irrational number and a nonzero rational number is
irrational.
13. Prove that 2  3 is irrational.
14. Find a counterexample to the statement that for every rational number r and every
irrational number s, we have that r/s is irrational.
 n(n  1) 
2

15. Prove that for all integers n  1, 1  2    n  

3 3 3
 .
 2 
.
n(n  1)(n  2)
16. Prove that for all integers n  1, 1 2  2 3   n  n  1  .
3
 1 1 1 n
17. Prove that for all integers n  1,      .
12 23 n  n  1 n  1
.
18. Prove that for all integers n  0 , 5n + 3 is divisible by 4.
19. Prove that for all integers n  0 , 43n  1 is divisible by 9.
20. Prove that for all integers n  0 , n3  7n  3 is divisible by 3.
21. Prove that for all integers n  5 , 2n  n 2 .
22. Prove that for all integers n  2 , n 3  2n  1 .