Elements and

Compounds
(Unit Two, Lesson 2.6)
By Margielene D. Judan
Lesson Outline:

 Matter: An Overview
 Pure Substance
 Element vs. Compound
 Metals, Metalloids, Nonmetals
 Law of Definite Composition
Copy the table. This will help you
distinguish classifications of matter.
PURE SUBSTANCE

A form of matter
which cannot be
separated by
physical means.
 Itis further classified
into two: ELEMENTS
and COMPOUNDS.
 ELEMENTS VS. COMPOUNDS
1. Contains only one 1. Contains two or more
kind of atom kinds of atoms

O
O
He
O H
H

Helium Oxygen (O2) Water (H2O)

 ELEMENTS VS. COMPOUNDS
2. Cannot decompose 2. Can decompose by
by ordinary chemical chemical means.
means

O
will not
decompose He
H
H

Helium atom Water (H2O)

 When water
decomposes, they O
will separate from
each other, forming
2 helium gas, and
one oxygen gas. H
H
 Thatis what you see
when water boils:
the oxygen and
hydrogen steam.

Water decomposes into steam

 ELEMENTS VS. COMPOUNDS
(SUMMARY)
1. Contains only one 1. Contains two or more
kind of atom kinds of atoms
2. Cannot decompose 2. Can decompose by
by ordinary chemical chemical means.
means
 ELEMENTS VS. COMPOUNDS
(EXAMPLES)
 Oxygen (O2)  Sodium chloride/salt (NaCl)
 Helium (He)  Water (H2O)

 Nitrogen (N2)  Aluminum oxide (Al2O3)

 Carbon dioxide (CO2)
 Sodium (Na)
 Alcohol (C2H5OH)
 Chlorine (Cl)
 Ammonia (NH3)
 and more (There are
 Silicon dioxide/ sand (SiO2)
currently 115 known
elements)  etc. (There are millions of
compounds)
 ELEMENTS VS. COMPOUNDS
(CLASSIFICATION)
1. Metals 1. Acids
2. Metalloids 2. Bases
3. Nonmetals 3. Salts
ELEMENTS

 Metal
– conducts heat and electricity
(conductor)
 Metalloid
– exhibits both properties of metal and
non-metal (conductor and insulator)
 Nonmetal – doesn’t conduct heat and electricity
(insulator)
 Look at your
periodic table.
Did you see a
ladder-shaped
line or pattern?
 Theelements
adjacent to it
(colored blue)
are the
metalloids
 There are 7 metalloids:
1. Boron (B)
2. Silicon (Si)
3. Germanium (Ge)
4. Arsenic (As)
5. Antimony (Sb)
6. Tellurium (Te)
7. Polonium (Po)
*Antimony (At) is not a
metalloid
 Metals are all
elements to the
left of
metalloids.
 Nonmetals are
those to the
right of
metalloids.
With your Periodic Table, classify whether
they are metal, metalloid, or nonmetal.

1. Oxygen 7. Neon
2. Silicon 8. Iodine
3. Calcium 9. Astatine
4. Potassium 10. Gold
5. Lead
6. Boron
Answers:

1. Oxygen (nonmetal) 7. Neon (nonmetal)

2. Silicon (metalloid) 8. Iodine (nonmetal)
3. Calcium (metal) 9. Astatine (nonmetal)
4. Potassium (metal) 10. Gold (metal)
5. Lead (metal)
6. Boron (metalloid)
COMPOUNDS:
Law of Definite Composition
A molecule of a compound has a definite
number of atoms.
Examples:
 H2O – 2 molecules of H, 1 molecule of O
 NH3 – 1 molecule of N, 3 molecules of H
 Vinegar (CH3COOH) – 2 mol C, 4 mol H, 2 mol O
According to their
electron configurations,
elements are classified as
 s block elements
 p block elements
 d block elements
 f block elements
We will not study what
these blocks mean (this is
higher chemistry) but we’ll
just use these blocks to
classify our elements.
Short Quiz tomorrow:
Memorize the
abbreviations and the
meanings of the
elements in the s block.
Sources:

 Science Links 7