Best Practice

SABP-A-011 12 June 2006

Energy Conservation Requirements in Saudi Aramco
Engineering Standards and Materials System Specifications
Document Responsibility: Consulting Services Department

Previous Issue: New Next Planned Update: 12 June 2011

Page 1 of 27
Primary contact: ali.qureisha@aramco.com, phone 873-0969

Copyright©Saudi Aramco 2005. All rights reserved.

Document Responsibility: CSD/ESD/Energy Systems Unit SABP-A-011
Issue Date: 12 June 2006 Energy Conservation Requirements in Saudi Aramco
Next Update: 12 June 2011 Engineering Standards and Materials System Specifications

Table of Contents

Page

1 Introduction …………………………………………………………………………. 3

1.1 Definitions …………………………………………………………………. 3

1.2 Purpose and Scope ………………………………………………………… 3

1.3 Intended Users …………………………………………………………….. 3

2 General ……………………………………………………………………................ 4

2.1 List of Energy Requirements in SAESs and SAMSSs …………………… 5

2.1.1 Heat Transfer Equipment …………………………………………. 5

2.1.2 HVAC and Utilities ………………………………………………… 8

2.1.3 Compressors, Gears and Steam Turbines ………………………... 14

2.1.4 Gas Turbines and Diesel Engines …………………………………. 18

2.1.5 Electrical System Design and Automation ……………………...... 18

2.1.6 UPS, DC Systems and Power Design & Automation …………….. 20

2.1.7 Motors and Generators …………………………………………….. 21

2.1.8 Onshore Structures ………………………………………………… 25

2.1.9 Flare Systems ……………………………………………………….. 25

2.1.10 Instrumentation …………………………………………………….. 26

2.2 List of Energy Requirements in Saudi Aramco Engineering Procedures (SAEP). 26

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Document Responsibility: CSD/ESD/Energy Systems Unit SABP-A-011
Issue Date: 10 June 2006 Energy Conservation Requirements in Saudi Aramco
Next Update: 10 June 2011 Engineering Standards and Materials System Specifications

1 Introduction

Detailed energy assessments are conducted using Pinch Analysis method and Combined
Heat and Power (CHP) method. In each function the target is to minimize energy
consumption and maximize the efficiency. Equipment/system directly use energy or
indirectly affect the use of energy in other equipment, hence, equipment efficiency
optimization is extremely important in energy generation, energy distribution, and
energy utilization in our plants. This Best Practice is a step in this direction.

Through standards we make sure that equipment are energy efficient which is a major
contributor in energy saving in industry.

1.1 Definitions

Pinch Analysis: refers to a well-proven methodology to improve the efficient

use of energy. It establishes the minimum energy consumption targets for a
given process plant which enables us to identify the maximum potential for
improvement. This approach can be applied on the existing plants or during the
design stage.

Combined Heat and Power (CHP): refers to the simulation model for the
actual facility’s heat and power production and demand. This tool is used to
develop basis for the process energy optimization.

1.2 Purpose and Scope

This Best Practice document enlists all Saudi Aramco Engineering Standards
and Material Specifications contents that are related to Energy Conservation.
It is intended to:

♦ Ensure continuous update of the energy conservation requirements in all

engineering standards and Material Specifications documents.

♦ Be used as a quick reference for facilities design requirements and operation

conditions that affect energy consumption.

♦ Document energy saving impeded in our standard & Material Specifications

standards.

1.3 Intended Users

This Best Practice manual is intended for use by energy engineers in Saudi
Aramco facilities as well as design and planning engineers.

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Document Responsibility: CSD/ESD/Energy Systems Unit SABP-A-011
Issue Date: 10 June 2006 Energy Conservation Requirements in Saudi Aramco
Next Update: 10 June 2011 Engineering Standards and Materials System Specifications

2 General

All Saudi Aramco Engineering Standards (SAESs) and Materials System Specifications
(SAMSSs) as well as Engineering Procedures (SAEPs) were searched to address their
contents related to energy conservation. Energy requirements in SAESs and SAMSSs
are tabulated in the following sections under their respective Standards Committees.
Engineering Procedures (SAEPs) are listed in a separate section as they do not belong to
a specific Standards Committee.

2.1 List of All Energy Requirements in SAESs and SAMSSs

2.1.1 Heat Transfer Equipment
2.1.2 HVAC/Utilities
2.1.3 Compressors, Gears and Steam Turbines
2.1.4 Gas Turbines and Diesel Engines
2.1.5 Electrical System Design & Automation
2.1.6 UPS, DC Systems and Power Design & Automation
2.1.7 Motors and Generators
2.1.8 Onshore Structures
2.1.9 Flare Systems Design
2.1.10 Instrumentation

2.2 List of Energy Requirements in Saudi Aramco Engineering Procedures (SAEPs)

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Document Responsibility: CSD/ESD/Energy Systems Unit SABP-A-011
Issue Date: 10 June 2006 Energy Conservation Requirements in Saudi Aramco
Next Update: 10 June 2011 Engineering Standards and Materials System Specifications

2.1 List of All Energy Requirements in SAESs and SAMSSs

2.1.1 Heat Transfer Equipment

SAES/SAMSS
SAES/SAMSS # PARAGRAPH COMMENTS
TITLE
Refractory of gas directing baffles shall
Manufacture of be designed carefully to prevent gas
32-SAMSS-021 Paragraph 7.7.3
Industrial Boilers bypassing, which results in lower
efficiency.
Achieving lower figures of excess
Manufacture of Paragraph
32-SAMSS-021 oxygen (2%) volume (dry) in flue gas
Industrial Boilers 11.1.2
would increase boiler’s efficiency.
Manufacture of Paragraph Introducing high efficiency oil burners
32-SAMSS-021
Industrial Boilers 11.2.1 would increase boiler’s efficiency
Maintaining high efficiency of gas
Manufacture of Paragraph burners throughout the burner
32-SAMSS-021
Industrial Boilers 11.3.1 turndown range would increase boiler’s
efficiency.
Higher effectiveness of common wind-
Manufacture of Paragraph
32-SAMSS-021 box would help increase boiler’s
Industrial Boilers 11.6.3
efficiency.
Efficiency could be increased by
Manufacture of Paragraph reducing excess air (combustion air),
32-SAMSS-021
Industrial Boilers 12.2.1, 1) & 3) and less power consumption is
achieved, too.
More precise calculation of stack metal
and acid dew point corrosion
Manufacture of
32-SAMSS-021 Paragraph 14.5 temperatures would help determine
Industrial Boilers
exact lining thickness to reduce risk of
loosing energy.
More compliance with Saudi Aramco
Engineering Standards SAES-N -001
Manufacture of
32-SAMSS-021 Paragraph 14.7 & 100 through 140 (for refractory and
Industrial Boilers
insulation) would help reduce risk of
loosing energy from the furnace.

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Document Responsibility: CSD/ESD/Energy Systems Unit SABP-A-011
Issue Date: 10 June 2006 Energy Conservation Requirements in Saudi Aramco
Next Update: 10 June 2011 Engineering Standards and Materials System Specifications

SAES/SAMSS
SAES/SAMSS # PARAGRAPH COMMENTS
TITLE
Life Cycle Cost Evaluation:

Manufacture of Calculating the efficiency penalty on

32-SAMSS-021 Paragraph 27 the Boiler Manufacturer for not
Industrial Boilers
meeting the guaranteed efficiency
during performance test.
Performance Guarantees:
Manufacture of Fired
32-SAMSS-029 Paragraph 1.10 Optimizing the heater efficiency by
Heaters
lowering the excess air.
Proposal:
Manufacture of Fired Paragraph Energy conservation recommendations
32-SAMSS-029
Heaters 1.8.2-l include: using of air-preheats, high-
efficiency burners, etc.
Design Considerations:
Manufacture of Fired
32-SAMSS-029 Paragraph 2.2.2 Optimizing the heater efficiency by
Heaters
lowering the excess air.
Design Considerations:
Manufacture of Fired Optimizing the heater efficiency by
32-SAMSS-029 Paragraph 2.3.8
Heaters using corbels to minimize bypassing in
convection section.
Structures and Appurtenances:
Manufacture of Fired Paragraph
32-SAMSS-029 Optimizing the heater efficiency by air
Heaters 8.2.13
or flue gas leakage prevention.
Structures and Appurtenances:
Manufacture of Fired Paragraph Optimizing the heater efficiency by
32-SAMSS-029 providing horizontal partitions to
Heaters 8.3.1.4
minimize bypassing in convection
section.
Stacks, Ducts, and Breechings:
Manufacture of Fired Paragraph
32-SAMSS-029 Optimizing the heater efficiency by
Heaters 9.1.13
maintaining an adequate draft.
Stacks, Ducts, and Breechings:
Manufacture of Fired Paragraph Optimizing the heater efficiency by
32-SAMSS-029 maintaining the flue gas stack exit
Heaters 9.1.15
velocity no less than 4.5m/sec in order
to avoid inversion and downwash.

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Document Responsibility: CSD/ESD/Energy Systems Unit SABP-A-011
Issue Date: 10 June 2006 Energy Conservation Requirements in Saudi Aramco
Next Update: 10 June 2011 Engineering Standards and Materials System Specifications

SAES/SAMSS
SAES/SAMSS # PARAGRAPH COMMENTS
TITLE
Stacks, Ducts, and Breechings:

Manufacture of Fired Paragraph Optimizing the efficiency by insulating

32-SAMSS-029 the burners with plenum or wind box to
Heaters 9.1.20
provide proper distribution of air to
burners.
Burners and Auxiliary Equipment:

Manufacture of Fired Paragraph Optimizing the heater efficiency by

32-SAMSS-029 lowering the excess air (10% excess air
Heaters 10.1.13
for fuel gas and 15% excess air for fuel
oils).
Burners and Auxiliary Equipment:
Manufacture of Fired Paragraph Optimizing the heater efficiency by
32-SAMSS-029 making burner fuel and air control
Heaters 10.1.27
accessible to the necessary operating
adjustment.
Burners and Auxiliary Equipment
Manufacture of Fired Paragraph Optimizing the efficiency by including
32-SAMSS-029 pneumatically operated damper to
Heaters 10.3.5
control combustion air and flue gas
flows.
Life Cycle Cost Evaluation:
Energy cost appears in calculating the
Manufacture of Fired efficiency penalty on the Heater
32-SAMSS-029 Paragraph 15
Heaters Manufacturer for not meeting the
guaranteed efficiency during
performance test.
Scope:

Manufacture of Fired Appendix F, Energy cost appears in Heater

32-SAMSS-029 Manufacturer’s evaluation required to
Heaters Paragraph F.1.1
decide the need for air-preheating
systems based on energy conservation.
Mechanical:
Fired Heaters for
API 560 General Refinery Paragraph 2.3.4 Optimizing the heater efficiency by
Service preventing air or flue gas leakage in the
convection section.

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Document Responsibility: CSD/ESD/Energy Systems Unit SABP-A-011
Issue Date: 10 June 2006 Energy Conservation Requirements in Saudi Aramco
Next Update: 10 June 2011 Engineering Standards and Materials System Specifications

SAES/SAMSS
SAES/SAMSS # PARAGRAPH COMMENTS
TITLE
Life Cycle Cost Evaluation:
Energy cost appears in calculating the
Design Criteria of efficiency penalty on the Heater
SAES-F-001 Paragraph 12
Fired Heaters Manufacturer for not meeting the
guaranteed efficiency during
performance test.
Addressing the fouling service fouling
factor in heat exchangers. Selection of
Design Criteria of
Paragraph a fouling factor value has a significant
SAES-E-004 Shell and Tube Heat
6.2.10 effect on a heat exchanger performance
Exchangers
that might result in a significant waste
of energy.
Design Criteria of Addressing the service fouling factor in
SAES-E-006 Double Pipe Heat Paragraph 6.2.3 heat exchangers.
Exchangers
Design Criteria of Addressing the service fouling factor in
Paragraphs
SAES-E-007 Air-Cooled Heat heat exchangers.
6.1.6 & 6.1.7
Exchangers
Addressing the use of variable pitch
Design Criteria of
fans to control amount of airflow as
SAES-E-007 Air-Cooled Heat Paragraph 6.5
well as variable speed drivers and their
Exchangers
role in saving energy.
Design Criteria of Addressing the service fouling factor
SAES-E-014 Plate and Frame Heat Paragraph 6.2.1 and thermal capacity limits in heat
Exchangers exchangers.
Manufacture of Air- Addressing the use of variable pitch
Paragraph
32-SAMSS-011 Cooled Heat fans.
7.2.3.18
Exchangers

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Document Responsibility: CSD/ESD/Energy Systems Unit SABP-A-011
Issue Date: 10 June 2006 Energy Conservation Requirements in Saudi Aramco
Next Update: 10 June 2011 Engineering Standards and Materials System Specifications

2.1.2 HVAC/Utilities

SAES/SAMSS
SAES/SAMSS # PARAGRAPH COMMENTS
TITLE
Control thermal conductivity by using
building insulation that minimizes net
heating and cooling loads on a time-
Design and integrated (annual) basis. Roofs, walls,
Installation of floors and portions of all air
SAES-N-004 Section 4
Building Thermal conditioned or mechanically-ventilated
Insulation” buildings shall be insulated. (U-factor)
of insulated roofs, walls, partitions or
floors shall not exceed 0.568 W/(m²
°K) or (0.10 btu/h ft² °F).
Selecting the 2.5 % exceedance
temperature values given in SAES-A-
112 to be used as the minimum ambient
Heating, Ventilating
Paragraph design criteria for HVAC system
SAES-K-001 and Air Conditioning
4.2.1.1 design, equipment selection and
(HVAC)
equipment specification purposes for
the geographic areas listed for all Saudi
Aramco facilities.
Heating, Ventilating Indoor Design Conditions to be used
SAES-K-001 and Air Conditioning Paragraph 4.2.2 for HVAC systems for different
(HVAC) facilities.
In all HVAC systems the return air and
Heating, Ventilating
Paragraph fresh air shall be ducted to the air
SAES-K-001 and Air Conditioning
4.4.2.5 handling unit within the A/C equipment
(HVAC)
room.
The selection of a cooling source
requires an analysis of the various
Heating, Ventilating alternatives. If chilled water from an
Paragraph
SAES-K-001 and Air Conditioning existing central plant is available in
4.4.3.1
(HVAC) sufficient quantities and in close
proximity, it shall be considered the
first choice for a cooling source.
Minimize flow quantity by designing
Heating, Ventilating for the maximum practical temperature
Paragraph range. Design parameters for existing
SAES-K-001 and Air Conditioning
4.4.3.2.1 central chilled water supply
(HVAC)
temperature 9°C (48°F).

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Document Responsibility: CSD/ESD/Energy Systems Unit SABP-A-011
Issue Date: 10 June 2006 Energy Conservation Requirements in Saudi Aramco
Next Update: 10 June 2011 Engineering Standards and Materials System Specifications

SAES/SAMSS
SAES/SAMSS # PARAGRAPH COMMENTS
TITLE
Design for the lowest practical pressure
Heating, Ventilating rise. Design parameters for existing
Paragraph central chilled water supply with
SAES-K-001 and Air Conditioning
4.4.3.2.2 Maximum pressure drop through
(HVAC)
system 140 kPa (20 psi)
Heating, Ventilating Designing Chilled water demand for
Paragraph
SAES-K-001 and Air Conditioning 0.05 L/S per kW (3 GPM/Ton).
4.4.3.2.3
(HVAC)
Use of water cooled condensers
Heating, Ventilating
Paragraph requires an evaluation of the condenser
SAES-K-001 and Air Conditioning
4.4.3.3.2 water fouling characteristics and it's
(HVAC)
availability.
Location of air conditioning equipment
Heating, Ventilating
Paragraph components shall be selected to
SAES-K-001 and Air Conditioning
4.4.5.1 minimize piping and equipment
(HVAC)
pressure drop.
All enclosed portions of buildings,
customarily used by occupants, shall be
provided with fresh ventilation air with
the minimum amount of outside air
Heating, Ventilating shall equal the greater of the following:
Paragraph
SAES-K-001 and Air Conditioning
(HVAC)
4.4.10.2.a • 5% of supply air plus all exhaust
air.
• The ventilation air requirements
listed in Table 2 of ASHRAE
STD 62
No outside/make-up air is required for
Heating, Ventilating residences. However, infiltration load
Paragraph
SAES-K-001 and Air Conditioning shall be accounted for at a minimum
4.4.10.2.b
(HVAC) rate of 0.5 air change per hour in
heating/cooling load calculations.
Water pressure drop through coils,
water chillers or condensers shall not
exceed 100 kPa (35 ft w.c., 15 psi).
Heating, Ventilating
Paragraph This value applies to chillers,
SAES-K-001 and Air Conditioning
4.8.4.2 condensers, and cooling coils at their
(HVAC)
rated fouling factor, unless a lower
pressure drop is specified in the design
documents.

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Document Responsibility: CSD/ESD/Energy Systems Unit SABP-A-011
Issue Date: 10 June 2006 Energy Conservation Requirements in Saudi Aramco
Next Update: 10 June 2011 Engineering Standards and Materials System Specifications

SAES/SAMSS
SAES/SAMSS # PARAGRAPH COMMENTS
TITLE
Heating, Ventilating Insert type turbulence promoters, not
Paragraph
SAES-K-001 and Air Conditioning integral to the coil tubing, (turbulators)
4.8.4.3
(HVAC) shall not be used.
Heating, Ventilating The air velocity through coils shall not
Paragraph
SAES-K-001 and Air Conditioning exceed 3 m/s(600 fpm).
4.8.4.4
(HVAC)
Heating, Ventilating Wet coil pressure drop shall not exceed
Paragraph
SAES-K-001 and Air Conditioning 38 Pa (0.15 in. w.c.) per row of coil.
4.8.4.5
(HVAC)
Heating, Ventilating Dry coil pressure drop shall not exceed
Paragraph
SAES-K-001 and Air Conditioning 25 Pa (0.10 in. w.c) per row of coil.
4.8.4.6
(HVAC)
Heating, Ventilating Number of rows per coil shall not
Paragraph
SAES-K-001 and Air Conditioning exceed 10 rows.
4.8.4.7
(HVAC)
Heating, Ventilating Fin spacing of evaporator and
Paragraph
SAES-K-001 and Air Conditioning condenser coils shall not be closer than
4.8.4.8
(HVAC) 15 fins per inch.
Water cooled condensers shall have
Heating, Ventilating
wall thicknesses and fouling factors as
SAES-K-001 and Air Conditioning Paragraph 4.8.6
required by27-SAMSS-001 and 27-
(HVAC)
SAMSS-002.
Heating, Ventilating Casing filter mounts or filters shall
Paragraph
SAES-K-001 and Air Conditioning have seals to prevent air bypass.
4.8.8.6
(HVAC)
AHU panels shall have insulation with
Heating, Ventilating
Paragraph a minimum of 2" glass fiber insulation
SAES-K-001 and Air Conditioning
4.8.8.7.d having a density not less than 48 kg/m³
(HVAC)
(3.0 lb/ft³).
Fans shall be air-foil, backward-
inclined, backward curved, or forward-
curved and shall conform to AMCA 99
Heating, Ventilating
Paragraph and AMCA 210 requirements. In
SAES-K-001 and Air Conditioning
4.8.9.1 variable air volume (VAV) systems a
(HVAC)
variable speed fan shall be provided.
Propeller fans may be used for exhaust
services.
Heating, Ventilating Use of orifice, duct splitters or
Paragraph
SAES-K-001 and Air Conditioning extractors to provide pressure drop in
4.8.12.4
(HVAC) duct systems is not allowed.

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Document Responsibility: CSD/ESD/Energy Systems Unit SABP-A-011
Issue Date: 10 June 2006 Energy Conservation Requirements in Saudi Aramco
Next Update: 10 June 2011 Engineering Standards and Materials System Specifications

SAES/SAMSS
SAES/SAMSS # PARAGRAPH COMMENTS
TITLE
Turning vanes, as per SMACNA
Heating, Ventilating
Paragraph HVAC Duct Construction Standards,
SAES-K-001 and Air Conditioning
4.8.12.8 shall be provided in all rectangular
(HVAC)
elbows of low velocity systems.
Heating, Ventilating Ducts shall be insulated in accordance
Paragraph
SAES-K-001 and Air Conditioning with Table 10-D of the Uniform
4.8.13.1
(HVAC) Mechanical Code (SAES-K-100).
PVC nitrile rubber insulation (such as
Heating, Ventilating Armaflex) shall not be used exposed to
Paragraph
SAES-K-001 and Air Conditioning sunlight. Chilled water lines shall be
4.8.13.4
(HVAC) insulated in accordance with Standard
Drawing AA-036913.
Heating, Ventilating Chilled water lines shall be insulated in
Paragraph
SAES-K-001 and Air Conditioning accordance with Standard Drawing
4.8.13.4
(HVAC) AA-036913.
Heating, Ventilating The air velocity through filters shall not
Paragraph
SAES-K-001 and Air Conditioning exceed 3 m/s.
4.8.15.3
(HVAC)
Dirty pre-filter pressure drop shall not
Heating, Ventilating
Paragraph be greater than 125 Pa (0.50 in WC) or
SAES-K-001 and Air Conditioning
4.8.15.4 final filter pressure drop greater than
(HVAC)
250 Pa (1.00 in WC).
Heating, Ventilating Pump capacity at peak efficiency, with
Paragraph
SAES-K-001 and Air Conditioning impeller furnished, shall be equal to or
4.8.16.2
(HVAC) greater than the design capacity.
Vendor shall advise in his quotation the
minimum stable cooling capacity of the
package without the use of hot gas
bypass under conditions where the
entering condenser cooling medium
Packaged Water
temperature varies linearly from the
Cooled Centrifugal
27-SAMSS-001 Paragraph 5.1.5 maximum specified on the Data Sheet
Chillers for Utility
at 100% cooling load to the minimum
Services
at 0% load, as per ARI 550/590. If this
minimum capacity is less than 15% of
full cooling capacity vendor shall
supply a suitable automatic hot gas
bypass system.

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Document Responsibility: CSD/ESD/Energy Systems Unit SABP-A-011
Issue Date: 10 June 2006 Energy Conservation Requirements in Saudi Aramco
Next Update: 10 June 2011 Engineering Standards and Materials System Specifications

SAES/SAMSS
SAES/SAMSS # PARAGRAPH COMMENTS
TITLE
Compressor capacity control shall be
by means of suction (pre-rotation)
guide vanes. Capacity reduction shall
be automatically controlled by
Packaged Water
temperature actuated controls. External
Cooled Centrifugal
27-SAMSS-001 Paragraph 6.1.3 parts of guide vane mechanism linkage
Chillers for Utility
shall be of corrosion resistant materials.
Services
Guide vanes shall have mechanisms to
prevent vane closure to an extent which
would allow the compressor to enter
into surge.
All waterboxes, nozzles, divider plates,
and coverplates shall be internally
epoxy coated per SAES-H-100 (or
Buyer-approved Vendor's equivalent),
and internally catholically protected
using sacrificial anodes. Requirements
Packaged Water for installation of sacrificial anodes,
Cooled Centrifugal Paragraph including selection of the anode type
27-SAMSS-001
Chillers for Utility 6.5.1.1.3 and material shall be by mutual
Services agreement between Buyer and Vendor
before issuance of the Purchase Order.
To ensure the protection of the
waterbox internal coating an approved
corrosion resistant sleeve shall be used
to mount the sacrificial anode within
the waterbox.
Packaged Water
Condensers and coolers shall be
Cooled Centrifugal Paragraph
27-SAMSS-001 designed for water flow velocity of at
Chillers for Utility 6.5.1.1.9
least 3 fps, but not greater than 9 fps.
Services
Packaged Water Waterside pressure drop shall not
Cooled Centrifugal Paragraph exceed 30 feet water gauge (13 psi) for
27-SAMSS-001
Chillers for Utility 6.5.1.1.10 coolers or condensers.
Services
Condenser tubes shall be seamless,
Packaged Water 90-10 copper-nickel (UNS C70600),
Cooled Centrifugal Paragraph ¾-inch O.D., 22 BWG (0.028 inches
27-SAMSS-001
Chillers for Utility 6.5.1.2.1 measured at root of fin enhancement),
Services integrally internally and externally
enhanced, conforming to ASTM B359.

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Document Responsibility: CSD/ESD/Energy Systems Unit SABP-A-011
Issue Date: 10 June 2006 Energy Conservation Requirements in Saudi Aramco
Next Update: 10 June 2011 Engineering Standards and Materials System Specifications

SAES/SAMSS
SAES/SAMSS # PARAGRAPH COMMENTS
TITLE
Packaged Water Design condenser waterside fouling
Cooled Centrifugal Paragraph factor shall be equal to or greater than
27-SAMSS-001
Chillers for Utility 6.5.1.2.2 0.00053 m².C/W (0.00025 hr - ft²-
Services F/BTU).
Cooler tubes shall be seamless copper,
Packaged Water integrally internally and externally
Cooled Centrifugal Paragraph enhanced, ¾-inch O.D., 22 BWG
27-SAMSS-001
Chillers for Utility 6.5.1.3.1 (0.028 inches measured at fin root
Services enhancement), conforming to ASTM
B359.
Packaged Water Design cooler waterside fouling factor
Cooled Centrifugal Paragraph shall be equal to or greater than
27-SAMSS-001
Chillers for Utility 6.5.1.3.2 0.00018 m².C/W (0.0001 Hr-ft²-
Services F/BTU).

2.1.3 Compressors, Gears and Steam Turbines

SAES/SAMSS
SAES/SAMSS # PARAGRAPH COMMENTS
TITLE
The minimum allowable compressor
Centrifugal polytropic efficiency at the normal
31-SAMSS-001 Paragraph 2.1.3
Compressors operating point shall be 81.0%.

The power at the normal operating

Centrifugal
31-SAMSS-001 Paragraph 2.1.3 point shall be guaranteed within 1%
Compressors
positive tolerance.
Integrally Geared Compressors are
acceptable for process air or gas
services upon approval by the
Centrifugal
31-SAMSS-001 General Compressors, Gears & Steam Turbines
Compressors
Standards Committee Chairman and
shall comply with the requirements of
API 617, 7th edition.
The guaranteed leakage rate for each
seal shall be stated in the Compressor
Centrifugal Paragraph
31-SAMSS-001 Vendor's proposal and shall be no
Compressors 2.2.17
greater than 5 scfm (141 liters/min) for
any service.

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Document Responsibility: CSD/ESD/Energy Systems Unit SABP-A-011
Issue Date: 10 June 2006 Energy Conservation Requirements in Saudi Aramco
Next Update: 10 June 2011 Engineering Standards and Materials System Specifications

SAES/SAMSS
SAES/SAMSS # PARAGRAPH COMMENTS
TITLE
High speed balancing on the rotor is an
Centrifugal Paragraph
31-SAMSS-001 acceptable alternative to the low-speed
Compressors 2.9.5.2
sequential and final trim balancing.
The motor nameplate rating (exclusive
of service factor) shall be a minimum
Centrifugal of 110% of the greatest horsepower
31-SAMSS-001 Paragraph 3.1.5
Compressors (including gear and coupling losses)
required for any of the specified
operating conditions.
Assembled compressor Gas Leakage
Test:
Centrifugal Paragraph The assembled compressor (with or
31-SAMSS-001 without the end seals) shall be
Compressors 4.3.5.3
pressurized to the maximum surge
rated discharge pressure shown on the
compressor curves.
The horsepower based on the measured
Centrifugal Paragraph head at the normal operating point shall
31-SAMSS-001
Compressors 4.3.6.1.4 be guaranteed within 1% positive
tolerance.
The Vendor shall supply an operating
map and nozzle-to-nozzle performance
curves for the compressor based on test
results. For variable speed drive, the
Centrifugal Paragraph
31-SAMSS-001 Vendor shall supply curves showing
Compressors 5.3.3.1.1
change of head, power and efficiency
versus speed covering the complete
range of operation. Certified copies of
test data are required.
Magnetic Bearings: The use of an
active magnetic bearing system for the
compressor and driver shall be
Centrifugal
SAES-K-402 Paragraph 4.4 considered, based on an economic
Compressors
evaluation, when the lube oil system
can be totally eliminated, resulting in a
"dry" train.
Where compressors are operated in
parallel arrangements, a load sharing
Centrifugal Paragraph controller shall function to distribute
SAES-K-402
Compressors 4.10.3 the load by keeping each machine
equidistant from its surge curve or
surge control margin.

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Document Responsibility: CSD/ESD/Energy Systems Unit SABP-A-011
Issue Date: 10 June 2006 Energy Conservation Requirements in Saudi Aramco
Next Update: 10 June 2011 Engineering Standards and Materials System Specifications

SAES/SAMSS
SAES/SAMSS # PARAGRAPH COMMENTS
TITLE
The anti-surge controller shall act to
Centrifugal Paragraph maintain the recycle valve in a closed
SAES-K-402
Compressors 4.10.5.4 position during normal operation and
normal loads.
A temporary stainless steel conical
strainer of adequate strength shall be
installed, during commissioning, in the
Centrifugal
SAES-K-402 Paragraph 5.3 compressor suction line upstream of
Compressors
performance pressure sensor. This
strainer has to be mounted into a drop-
out pipe spool.
Shop Performance Test:
Centrifugal A performance test shall be specified
SAES-K-402 Paragraph 6.3
Compressors and witnessed for each compressor
duty.
Field Performance Test: As soon as
Centrifugal possible after the installation is
SAES-K-402 Paragraph 7.1
Compressors completed, a field performance test
shall be conducted on the compressor.
Life Cycle Cost Evaluation:
Quotations for compressors of 1000
HP and larger shall be evaluated on the
basis of a Life Cycle Cost (LCC). This
Centrifugal cost is composed of initial cost of the
SAES-K-402 Paragraph 8 compressor plus the present worth of
Compressors
the consumed power cost over an
operating period of 20 years. The Life
Cycle Cost of the compressor shall be
determined using the life cycle cost
spreadsheet LCC-005 or LCC-006.

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Document Responsibility: CSD/ESD/Energy Systems Unit SABP-A-011
Issue Date: 10 June 2006 Energy Conservation Requirements in Saudi Aramco
Next Update: 10 June 2011 Engineering Standards and Materials System Specifications

SAES/SAMSS
SAES/SAMSS # PARAGRAPH COMMENTS
TITLE
The steam turbine type (back pressure,
condensing, extraction/ condensing or
induction/condensing) shall be
determined by the process steam
balance requirements.
Extraction/condensing steam turbines
shall be considered whenever the plant
design uses steam let-down valves to
SAES-K-501 Steam Turbines Paragraph 4.1.5 produce process steam at lower
pressure than that produced by the
boiler design. Consideration shall be
given to induction/condensing steam
turbines in place of pressure blow-off
or let-down valves to maintain the
plant intermediate pressure steam
headers at their design operating
pressure.
Field Testing:
As soon as possible following
installation of the equipment train,
special-purpose steam turbines shall be
load tested to verify performance,
SAES-K-501 Steam Turbines Paragraph 5.4 efficiency and steam consumption.
The test procedure shall be agreed with
the vendor at the time of purchase and
shall be generally in compliance with
ASME PTC 6/ ASME PTC 6S. The
results of these tests shall form the
basis for performance acceptance.

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Document Responsibility: CSD/ESD/Energy Systems Unit SABP-A-011
Issue Date: 10 June 2006 Energy Conservation Requirements in Saudi Aramco
Next Update: 10 June 2011 Engineering Standards and Materials System Specifications

2.1.4 Gas Turbines and Diesel Engines

SAES/SAMSS
SAES/SAMSS # PARAGRAPH COMMENTS
TITLE
Scope:
Procedure provides instructions for
economically evaluating major
equipment purchases with regards to
their estimated total ownership cost
(Life Cycle Cost) to Saudi Aramco
over a fifteen (15) years period. These
Equipment Life
SAEP-341 1 costs include procurement and
Cycle Cost Procedure
operation cost (energy cost and
quantifiable periodic maintenance) of
the equipment.
For All the rotating equipment, energy
conservation is achieved through the
application of Equipment Life Cycle
Cost (LCC) Procedure.

2.1.5 Electrical System Design & Automation

SAES/SAMSS
SAES/SAMSS # PARAGRAPH COMMENTS
TITLE
Lighting systems shall be designed for
energy efficient operation.
Commentary 4.1.3:
Lighting systems should be designed to
automatically turn off or minimize
SAES-P-123 Lighting Paragraph 4.1.3 lighting when it is not required. In
buildings, lighting in areas that are not
continuously occupied should have
accessible manual switches and/or
occupancy sensors to insure that
lighting turned off when the area is not
occupied.
Outdoor non-plant area and street
Paragraph lighting fixtures shall be individually
SAES-P-123 Lighting
4.1.11 controlled by a photocell mounted on
the fixture.

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Document Responsibility: CSD/ESD/Energy Systems Unit SABP-A-011
Issue Date: 10 June 2006 Energy Conservation Requirements in Saudi Aramco
Next Update: 10 June 2011 Engineering Standards and Materials System Specifications

SAES/SAMSS
SAES/SAMSS # PARAGRAPH COMMENTS
TITLE
Energy-efficient fluorescent lamps type
T5 or T8 and compatible energy
efficient electronic ballasts having less
than 10% THD (total harmonic
SAES-P-123 Lighting Paragraph 4.2.2
distortion) shall be used in lighting
fixtures for offices, control buildings,
and in industrial areas where
fluorescent lighting is required.
The use of energy-efficient fixtures like
High Pressure Sodium, Metal Halide
SAES-P-123 Lighting Paragraph 4.2.5
shall be maximized. Mercury vapor
fixtures shall not be used.
The standard prescribes the design and
required functions to measure plant
Power Monitoring electrical parameters including energy
SAES-P-126 General
System consumptions. Energy indices are
generated from the power consumption
data prescribed in this standard.
“For plants with DCS, real-time and
historical data (data logs) from PMS
shall be made available for direct
Power Monitoring interface with the DCS.”
SAES-P-126 6.4
System The intention of this paragraph is to
make electrical energy data available to
monitor plant efficiency, generate
efficiency indices, etc.
“Per-process Area Data Logs
PMS shall be customized to calculate
and log energy and power for each
operating area (process area in the
plant). Log intervals for the power and
Power Monitoring
SAES-P-126 7.8.3 power factor shall be every six (6)
System
hours.
This paragraph describes energy data
aggregation to generate effective
energy consumption measurements of
each process area.

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Document Responsibility: CSD/ESD/Energy Systems Unit SABP-A-011
Issue Date: 10 June 2006 Energy Conservation Requirements in Saudi Aramco
Next Update: 10 June 2011 Engineering Standards and Materials System Specifications

2.1.6 UPS, DC Systems and Power Design & Automation

SAES/SAMSS
SAES/SAMSS # PARAGRAPH COMMENTS
TITLE
“The charger/rectifier shall be sized to
provide a battery recharge time of 8
hours to at least 80% of battery
Battery Chargers / capacity, as specified on the Data
17-SAMSS-514 Paragraph 6.1.2 Schedule.”
Rectifiers
This is specified to limit the UPS input
current consumption, thus improves the
UPS overall efficiency.
“Temperature Compensated Charging:
Negative temperature compensated
Battery Chargers / Paragraph charging feature shall be provided on
17-SAMSS-514 all chargers.”
Rectifiers 6.5.14
This is to make sure that battery
recharge current is optimum.
“Required Recharge time of the system
battery; UPS batteries: 8 hours to at
Paragraph least 80% capacity.”
17-SAMSS-516 UPS Systems
6.7.3.1 This is specified to limit the UPS input
current consumption, thus improves the
UPS overall efficiency.
“The UPS battery charger/rectifier
shall be equipped with temperature
compensated charging probe and
facility. This process shall adjust the
charging voltage to compensate for the
Paragraph electrolyte temperature using the
17-SAMSS-516 UPS Systems
6.7.3.13 negative coefficient of 3 mV per cell
per degree Celsius deviation from the
ambient 25°C.”
This is to make sure that battery
recharge current is optimum.

Page 20 of 27
Document Responsibility: CSD/ESD/Energy Systems Unit SABP-A-011
Issue Date: 10 June 2006 Energy Conservation Requirements in Saudi Aramco
Next Update: 10 June 2011 Engineering Standards and Materials System Specifications

SAES/SAMSS
SAES/SAMSS # PARAGRAPH COMMENTS
TITLE
“The minimum battery backup time
shall be in accordance with Table 1,
and shall be based on the actual load
calculation.”
SAES-P-103 UPS and DC Systems Paragraph 5.3.6
This is to avoid over sizing battery
capacity which results in optimum
battery recharge current and efficient
system.
“Battery recharge time (for
photovoltaic applications: within 30
days to 90% Ah capacity; and for all
other applications: within 8 hours to
SAES-P-103 UPS and DC Systems Paragraph 7.2.1 80% Ah capacity)”
This is specified to limit the UPS input
current consumption, thus improves the
UPS overall efficiency.

2.1.7 Motors and Generators

SAES/SAMSS
SAES/SAMSS # PARAGRAPH COMMENTS
TITLE
“The minimum efficiency of the CDM
shall be 95% at rated load and
Adjustable Frequency frequency.”
16-SAMSS-517 Drive System -1 kV Paragraph 8.3
and Above This value is to determine the overall
efficiency for the Complete Drive
Module.
“If specified within Data Schedule 1,
the drive system shall be regenerative.”
Adjustable Frequency
16-SAMSS-517 Drive System -1 kV Paragraph 8.6 Normally during ramping down,
and Above motors with high inertia have access
energy might be resent to the network
if the AFD is regenerative.

Page 21 of 27
Document Responsibility: CSD/ESD/Energy Systems Unit SABP-A-011
Issue Date: 10 June 2006 Energy Conservation Requirements in Saudi Aramco
Next Update: 10 June 2011 Engineering Standards and Materials System Specifications

SAES/SAMSS
SAES/SAMSS # PARAGRAPH COMMENTS
TITLE
“Power conversion bridges within a
BDM rated 10,000 kW and larger shall
be liquid cooled.”
Adjustable Frequency
16-SAMSS-517 Drive System -1 kV Paragraph 17.1 The liquid cooling is to allow the heat
and Above associated with the high power
switching to be dissipated outdoors
properly which helps the drive to work
at the rated efficiency.
“The following system tests shall be
performed on the CDM: Efficiency
tests (type test).”
Adjustable Frequency
Paragraph This test is to certify that the Complete
16-SAMSS-517 Drive System -1 kV
25.4.1 Drive Module was designed and
and Above
manufactured to comply with 95%
efficiency at the rated load and
frequency.
“If auxiliary cooling fans are used for
Form-Wound TEAAC…”
17-SAMSS-502 Induction Motors 250 2.4.1.2.3f
HP and Above Auxiliary cooling fans use 60% less
energy than shaft mounted fans.
“The stator core test shall be performed
for all motors rated 6.6 kV and above
Form-Wound and all motors rated above 3700 kW
17-SAMSS-502 Induction Motors 250 4.3.4.1 (5000 HP).”
HP and Above
The Stator core test ensures core losses
are kept low to improve efficiency.
“The complete test shall be performed
for all motors rated 6.6 kV and above
Form-Wound and all motors rated above 3700 kW
17-SAMSS-502 Induction Motors 250 4.3.5.1.1 (5000 HP).”
HP and Above
Efficiency testing ensures motor meets
or exceeds efficiency requirements.
“Minimum guaranteed efficiency shall
be 94% for motors with rated
Form-Wound synchronous speed of 1800 RPM or
17-SAMSS-502 Induction Motors 250 Paragraph 5.2 higher (i.e., 2 or 4 pole motors)”
HP and Above This value is to determine the motor
efficiency that related the input power
to output power.

Page 22 of 27
Document Responsibility: CSD/ESD/Energy Systems Unit SABP-A-011
Issue Date: 10 June 2006 Energy Conservation Requirements in Saudi Aramco
Next Update: 10 June 2011 Engineering Standards and Materials System Specifications

SAES/SAMSS
SAES/SAMSS # PARAGRAPH COMMENTS
TITLE
“Motor electrical performance and
Severe-Duty, Totally characteristics shall be in accordance
Enclosed, Squirrel with NEMA MG 1 or IEC-60034”
17-SAMSS-503 Cage Induction Paragraph 5.1 NEMA standards and IEC standards
Motors to 500 HP both determine the accepted efficiency
(370 kW) levels as well as the values of the
different losses.
“Industry Codes and Standards NEMA
MG1 30.2.1.18 Regenerative Braking:
Severe-Duty, Totally A form of dynamic braking in which
Enclosed, Squirrel the kinetic energy of the motor and
17-SAMSS-503 Cage Induction Paragraph 5.1 driven machinery is returned to the
Motors to 500 HP power supply system.”
(370 kW) This requirement will help to resend
the excess energy of high inertia loads
to the network during ramping down.
“Minimum guaranteed efficiency at
rated output shall be 94% for
Brushless generators with rated synchronous
17-SAMSS-510 Synchronous Paragraph 5.2 speed of 1800 RPM or higher.”
Generators This value is to determine the generator
efficiency that related the input power
to output power.
This material spec is for synchronous
motors, which are typically 1.5-2%
17-SAMSS-520 Synchronous Motors General
higher efficiency than induction
motors.
“If auxiliary cooling fans are used for
TEAAC…”
17-SAMSS-520 Synchronous Motors 2.4.1.2.3h
Auxiliary cooling fans use 60% less
energy than shaft mounted fans.
“The stator core test shall be performed
for all motors rated 6.6 kV and above
and all motors rated above 3700 kW
17-SAMSS-520 Synchronous Motors 4.3.4.1 (5000 HP).”
Stator core test ensures core losses are
kept low to improve efficiency.

Page 23 of 27
Document Responsibility: CSD/ESD/Energy Systems Unit SABP-A-011
Issue Date: 10 June 2006 Energy Conservation Requirements in Saudi Aramco
Next Update: 10 June 2011 Engineering Standards and Materials System Specifications

SAES/SAMSS
SAES/SAMSS # PARAGRAPH COMMENTS
TITLE
“The complete test shall be performed
for all motors rated 6.6 kV and above
and all motors rated above 3700 kW
17-SAMSS-520 Synchronous Motors 4.3.5.1.1 (5000 HP).”
Efficiency testing ensures motor meets
or exceeds efficiency requirements.
“Minimum guaranteed efficiency shall
be 94% for motors with rated
synchronous speed of 1800 RPM or
17-SAMSS-520 Synchronous Motors Paragraph 5.2 higher (i.e., 2 or 4 pole motors)”
This value is to determine the motor
efficiency that related the input power
to output power.
“New or replacement 1000 HP and
larger motor driven pump and
compressor applications in pipeline
service, GOSP crude oil shipping pump
service, GOSP HP gas compressor
service, and pump or compressor
Motors and applications with significant variations
SAES-P-113 5.13
Generators in operating conditions shall be
evaluated for variable speed operation
utilizing Adjustable Frequency
Drive(s) (AFD).”
This is specified to utilize the process
variation to save energy.
“Motors 15000 hp and above should be
synchronous motors.”

Motors and Table 1 mandates the use of

SAES-P-113 6.2 synchronous motors 15,000 Hp and
Generators
larger, which are typically 1.5-2%
higher efficiency than induction
motors.
“The motor losses shall be derived
from the motor vendor's guaranteed
efficiency at the operating load of the
Motors and driven equipment.”
SAES-P-113 Sec 8
Generators Life cycle cost evaluation takes into
account the cost of energy when
evaluating motor quotations based on
efficiency.

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Document Responsibility: CSD/ESD/Energy Systems Unit SABP-A-011
Issue Date: 10 June 2006 Energy Conservation Requirements in Saudi Aramco
Next Update: 10 June 2011 Engineering Standards and Materials System Specifications

2.1.8 Onshore Structures

SAES/SAMSS
SAES/SAMSS # PARAGRAPH COMMENTS
TITLE
Floors shall be thermally insulated
Design and
when the air-conditioned space is
Installation of
SAES-N-004 Paragraph 4.2 above a non-conditioned space or
Building Thermal
ambient air (as in a building elevated
Insulation
above grade).
Design and Partitions shall be thermally insulated if
Installation of the air-conditioned space is adjacent to
SAES-N-004 Paragraph 4.3
Building Thermal a non-conditioned space or to an area
Insulation of high heat output.
The overall heat transmission
Design and
coefficient (U-factor) of insulated
Installation of
SAES-N-004 Paragraph 4.4 roofs, walls, partitions or floors shall
Building Thermal
not exceed 0.568 W/(m² °K) or (0.10
Insulation
btu/h ft² °F).

2.1.9 Flare Systems Design

SAES/SAMSS
SAES/SAMSS # PARAGRAPH COMMENTS
TITLE
The use of a flare gas recovery as the
System Design first stage in the flare system will
SAES-F-007 Paragraph 6.1
Criteria of Flares recover the routine daily flare gas
consisting of purge gas and leakages.
The smokeless capacity of the flare
should be designed according to the
environmental requirements. Over
System Design design will increase the consumption of
SAES-F-007 Paragraph 6.10
Criteria of Flares steam/air. Use of steam control system
will minimize steam usage. Use of a
variable speed blower for an air assist
flare application can save energy.
The use of the correct amount of purge
System Design
SAES-F-007 Paragraph 6.21 gas requirement in the flare system can
Criteria of Flares
result in purge gas conservation.

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Document Responsibility: CSD/ESD/Energy Systems Unit SABP-A-011
Issue Date: 10 June 2006 Energy Conservation Requirements in Saudi Aramco
Next Update: 10 June 2011 Engineering Standards and Materials System Specifications

2.1.10 Instrumentation

SAES/SAMSS
SAES/SAMSS # PARAGRAPH COMMENTS
TITLE
Burner Management, All boilers shall be provided with a flue
Combustion and gas oxygen analyzer and oxygen trim
Waterside Control controller to monitor and control the
SAES-J-602 Systems for Water 7.2.1.1 amount of oxygen in the flue gas. The
tube Boilers System analyzer shall comply with 34-SAMSS-
Design Criteria of 512, "Oxygen Analyzers."
Flares
Burner Management, Combustibles Analyzer:
Combustion and Combustibles analyzers are
Waterside Control recommended for use on large fuel gas
SAES-J-602 Systems for Water 7.2.3 or oil fired boilers as an aid to safe
tube Boilers System economical operation. The output of
Design Criteria of combustibles analyzers shall be used for
Flares indication and alarm only.

2.2 List of Energy Requirements in Engineering Procedures

(SAEPs)

SAEP # SAEP TITLE PARAGRAPH COMMENTS

During DBSP development, energy
optimization opportunities should be
identified and evaluated on case by case
bases. Study reports, minutes of
meetings, letters, and other supporting
Design Basis Scoping documentation shall be clearly
Paper (DBSP) Paragraph referenced and, if practical, included in
SAEP-1350
Preparation and 5.4.8.2 an Appendix (e.g., Proposed Facilities).
Revision Procedure It is particularly important to document
instances in which the DBSP scope
differs from the scope recommended by
studies or other scope evaluations, due
to Proponent preferences or other
considerations.
Design Basis Scoping The need for detailed evaluation of
Paper (DBSP) specific energy optimization
SAEP-1350 Paragraph 5.4.9
Preparation and opportunities should be identified in the
Revision Procedure draft DBSP issued for formal review.

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Document Responsibility: CSD/ESD/Energy Systems Unit SABP-A-011
Issue Date: 10 June 2006 Energy Conservation Requirements in Saudi Aramco
Next Update: 10 June 2011 Engineering Standards and Materials System Specifications

Revision Summary
12 June 2006 New Saudi Aramco Best Practice.

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