European snow standard Ing.

Domenico Leone

SNOW ACTIONS - EN 1991-1-3 - NTC 2008

1. REFERENCE SNOW LOAD ON ROOF

qs = m i . Ce . Ct . qsk kN/m2

the load shall be assumed to act vertically and shall refer to a horizontal projection of the area
of the roof. For snow overhanging the edge of a roof (roof cantilevered beyond the walls) , in
addition to the load on that part of the roof , the following calculated load shall be considered :

qe = k . m i2 . qsk2 / g kN/m
d
mi = snow load shape coefficient
Ce = exposure coefficient (normal = 1)
Ct = thermal coefficient (usually = 1) qe
qsk = characteristic value of the snow load on the ground
qe = snow load per metre width due to the overhang (kN/m)
k = coefficient to take into account of the irregular shape of the snow ; from 0 to 2,5
depending on climate and roofing material ; k = 3/d but k <= d.g (d in meters)
g = weight density of snow = 3 kN/m3

UNIFORM SNOW LOAD FOR VARIOUS COUNTRIES

CHOOSE 1 COUNTRY ZONE ALT. a.s.l. qsk Ce Ct mi k q's qe

ITALY ### from map as = m kN/m 2
0 - 2,5 kN/m2 kN/m
AUSTRIA 0 A 650 1.75 1 1 1 1.0 1.75 1.02
BELGIUM 0 290 0.72 1 1 1 1.0 0.72 0.17
DENMARK 0 1.00 1 1 1 1.0 1.00 0.33
FINLAND 0 3 2.50 1 1 1 1.0 2.50 2.08
FRANCE 0 3 0.65 1 1 1 1.0 0.65 0.14
GERMANY 0 I 100 1.13 1 1 1 1.0 1.13 0.43
GREECE 0 II 100 0.44 1 1 1 1.0 0.44 0.06
ICELAND 0 1 1.00 1 1 1 1.0 1.00 0.33
IRELAND 0 1 500 0.92 1 1 1 1.0 0.92 0.28
ITALY x IA 120 1.50 1 1 1 1.0 1.50 0.75
LUXEMBOURG 0 200 0.62 1 1 1 1.0 0.62 0.13
NETHERLAND 0 0.70 1 1 1 1.0 0.70 0.16
NORWAY 0 350 3.50 1 1 1 1.0 3.50 4.08
PORTUGAL 0 B 100 0.13 1 1 1 1.0 0.13 0.01
SPAIN 0 I 400 0.20 1 1 1 1.0 0.20 0.01
SWEDEN 0 3 2.50 1 1 1 1.0 2.50 2.08
SWITZERLAND 0 500 1.22 1 1 1 1.0 1.22 0.49
UN. KINGDOM 0 6 400 1.57 1 1 1 1.0 1.57 0.82
COUNTRY 0 1.80 1 1 1 1.0 1.80 1.08
1.5 snow load on the ground for a return period > 50 years
NOTES : 0 qsn = qsk(50). [(1-V.2,45/p.(ln.(-ln(1-Pn))+0,57722)/(1+2,5923.V)]
ICELAND special conditions apply in the highland
FRANCE for accidental combinations see increased values of q Sk : acc.loads
UNITED KINGDOM the value of the coefficient of variation of the annual max snow (V) shall be taken as 1,4 for insertion in the above
formula ; in this case, for a return period of n years q sn = qSk . [0,0564 - 0,5554.log (1/n)]

NORWAY the loads refer to a return period of 50 years using the above formula
ITALY according to DM 14/01/2008 - "Norme tecniche per le Costruzioni"

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2. SNOW LOAD SHAPE COEFFICIENTS

2.1 PITCHED ROOFS

The values of the snow load shape coefficients for the pitched roofs with slope less than
60° are summarised in the following figure :

m
1.6 m 2

1.2

0.8

0.4 m 1

0.0 a
0 15° 30° 45° 60°

2.1.1 SNOW LOAD SHAPE COEFFICIENTS

m VALUES FOR DIFFERENT ANGLES OF ROOF PITCH ROOF SHAPE

ROOF TYPOLOGY
0 < a <15° 15°< a <30° 30°< a <60° a > 60° m VALUES FOR DIFFERENT LOAD CONDITIONS
MONOPITCH ROOF a 0.00 0.00
case I m1 0.80 0.80 1.60 0.00
m1 m1
a
a1 0.00 0.00
PITCHED ROOF
a2
m 1.1 0.80 0.80 1.60 0.00 m1.1 m1.2
case I m 1.2 a1 a2
0.80 0.80 1.60 0.00
m 1.1 0.40 0.40 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
case II m 1.2 0.80 0.80 1.60 0.00
m 1.1 0.80 0.80 1.60 0.00 m1.1 m1.2 m1.1 m1.2
case III m 1.2 a1 a2 a1 a2
0.40 0.40 0.80 0.00
a1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
MULTI-SPAN ROOF
a2
m 1.1 0.80 0.80 1.60 0.00 m1.1 m1.2 m1.1 m1.2
case I m 1.2 a1 a2 a1 a2
0.80 0.80 1.60 0.00
m 1.1 0.80 0.80 1.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
case II m 1.2 0.80 0.80 1.60 0.00
m2 0.00 0.80 1.60 0.00 m1.1 m2 m1.2

0.00 0.00 0.00 a1 a2 a1 a2

b <= 60 ° > 60 ° 0.80 0.80 1.00 2.00
CYLINDRICAL ROOF
h/b 0.2 22 ° m1 0,5.m3 m3
a=
case I m1 0.80 0.00 ls = = = =
case II m3 2.00 0.00 l s< b l s< b
b =60° h b =60° h
b b

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2.1.2 ROOF ABUTTING AND CLOSE TO TALLER CONSTRUCTION WORKS - OBSTRUCTIONS

COUNTRY q's m ABRUPT CHANGE OF ROOF HEIGHT ROOF SHAPE

kN/m2 COEFF. a° h (m) b1 (m) b2 (m) m GLOBAL VALUES
AUSTRIA 0 0.00 15 2.8 15 5 case II 3.57 1.10
BELGIUM 0 0.00 a m2 m1
DENMARK 0 0.00
FINLAND 0 0.00 ms 0.00 h
FRANCE 0 0.00 mw 3.57
GERMANY 0 0.00 m1 0.80 ls
GREECE 0 0.00 m2 3.57 b1 b2
ICELAND 0 0.00 ls =m 5.60 ls = m 5.60 > b2
IRELAND 0 0.00 case I 0.80 0.80
ITALY x 1.50 m PROJECTIONS & OBSTRUCTIONS ROOF SHAPE
LUXEMBOURG 0 0.00 COEFF. h (m) b (m) m GLOBAL VALUES
NETHERLAND 0 0.00 0.80 0.80
NORWAY 0 0.00 m2 m1
PORTUGAL 0 0.00 m1 0.80 h
SPAIN 0 0.00 m2 0.80 b
SWEDEN 0 0.00 ls =m 0.00 m2
SWITZERLAND 0 0.00 m1
UN. KINGDOM 0 0.00
COUNTRY 0 0.00 ls ls

2.1.3 EXCEPTIONAL LOADS according to EN 1991-1-3 App. "B"

COUNTRY q's m ABRUPT CHANGE OF ROOF HEIGHT ROOF SHAPE

kN/m2 COEFF. a° h (m) > 1 b1 (m) b2 (m) m GLOBAL VALUES
AUSTRIA 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
BELGIUM 0 0.00 m1 m2
DENMARK 0 0.00
FINLAND 0 0.00 m 1 #DIV/0!
FRANCE 0 0.00 m 2 #DIV/0!
GERMANY 0 0.00 m 3 #DIV/0!
GREECE 0 0.00
ICELAND 0 0.00 ls =m 0.00
IRELAND 0 0.00
ITALY x 1.50 m PROJECTIONS & OBSTRUCTIONS ROOF SHAPE
LUXEMBOURG 0 0.00 COEFF. h1 (m)<1 h2 (m)<1 b1 (m) b2 (m) m GLOBAL VALUES
NETHERLAND 0 0.00 #DIV/0! 0.00
NORWAY 0 0.00 m1 0.00 m1 m2

PORTUGAL 0 0.00 m2 0.00 h1 h2 lsi

SPAIN 0 0.00 ls1 0.00 b1 b2
SWEDEN 0 0.00 ls2 0.00
SWITZERLAND 0 0.00 CANOPY h= m1 h m1 m2
UN. KINGDOM 0 0.00 m1 #DIV/0! b1 b2
COUNTRY 0 0.00 ls 0
m MULTI-SPAN ROOF ROOF SHAPE
COEFF. h (m) b1 (m) b2 (m) b3 (m) m GLOBAL VALUES
0.00 #DIV/0! 0.00
m1 0 m1 m3 m2
m2 0
m3 #DIV/0! h
b1 = ls1 b3

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3. Cividale del Friuli SNOW LOAD DYAGRAM

q's = 1.50 kN/m2 1.5 PITCH 4 PITCH 3 PITCH 2 PITCH 1

max. n° 4 pitches
input data input data ITALY
L=m 12.5 18.7 18.7 20.5

pitch length shape coeff snow load load ramp ITALY Cividale del Friuli
PITCH

L m qs ls
4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 0.50 0.00
m on total L kN/m2 m

00
0.00 0.80 1.20 5.50

0.
1.14 0.80 1.20 5.50
2.28 0.80 1.20 5.50

42
3.42 0.80 1.20 5.50

3.
4.56 0.80 1.20 5.50
5.69 0.82 1.23 15.00

83
6.83 0.94 1.41 15.00

6.
7.97 1.06 1.60 15.00
PITCH 1

9.11 1.19 1.78 15.00

25
.
10
10.25 1.31 1.96 15.00
11.39 1.43 2.14 15.00

67
12.53 1.55 2.32 15.00

.
13
13.67 1.67 2.51 15.00
14.81 1.79 2.69 15.00

08
15.94 1.91 2.87 15.00

.
17
17.08 2.04 3.05 15.00
18.22 2.16 3.24 15.00

50
19.36 2.28 3.42 15.00

.
20
20.50 2.40 3.60 15.00
0.00 0.80 1.20 18.70
1.04 0.84 1.27 18.70

08
2.08 0.89 1.33 18.70

2.
3.12 0.93 1.40 18.70
4.16 0.98 1.47 18.70

19
5.19 1.02 1.53 18.70

5.
6.23 1.07 1.60 18.70
7.27 1.11 1.67 18.70
PITCH 2

31
8.31 1.16 1.73 18.70

8.
9.35 1.20 1.80 18.70

3
10.39 1.24 1.87 18.70

.4
11
11.43 1.29 1.93 18.70
12.47 1.33 2.00 18.70

54
13.51 1.38 2.07 18.70

.
14
14.54 1.42 2.13 18.70
15.58 1.47 2.20 18.70

66
16.62 1.51 2.27 18.70

.
17
17.66 1.56 2.33 18.70
18.70 1.60 2.40 18.70
0.00 1.60 2.40 18.70

04
1.
1.04 1.56 2.33 18.70
2.08 1.51 2.27 18.70
3.12 1.47 2.20 18.70
16
4.
4.16 1.42 2.13 18.70
5.19 1.38 2.07 18.70
6.23 1.33 2.00 18.70
27
7.

7.27 1.29 1.93 18.70

PITCH 3

8.31 1.24 1.87 18.70

39

9.35 1.20 1.80 18.70

.
10

10.39 1.16 1.73 18.70

11.43 1.11 1.67 18.70
51

12.47 1.07 1.60 18.70

.
13

13.51 1.02 1.53 18.70

14.54 0.98 1.47 18.70
62

15.58 0.93 1.40 18.70

.
16

16.62 0.89 1.33 18.70

17.66 0.84 1.27 18.70
18.70 0.80 1.20 18.70
00
0.

0.00 0.80 1.20 12.50

0.69 0.80 1.20 12.50
08

1.39 0.80 1.20 12.50

2.

2.08 0.80 1.20 12.50

2.78 0.80 1.20 12.50
17

3.47 0.80 1.20 12.50

4.

4.17 0.80 1.20 12.50

4.86 0.80 1.20 12.50
PITCH 4

25

5.56 0.80 1.20 12.50

6.

6.25 0.80 1.20 12.50

6.94 0.80 1.20 12.50
33

7.64 0.80 1.20 12.50

8.

8.33 0.80 1.20 12.50

9.03 0.80 1.20 12.50
42

9.72 0.80 1.20 12.50

.
10

10.42 0.80 1.20 12.50

11.11 0.80 1.20 12.50
50

11.81 0.80 1.20 12.50

.
12

12.50 0.80 1.20 12.50

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 European snow standard Ing. Domenico Leone

ITALY SNOW MAP

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GERMANY SNOW MAP

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FRANCE SNOW MAP

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 European snow standard Ing. Domenico Leone

UNITED KINGDOM & IRELAND SNOW MAP

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AUSTRIA SNOW MAP

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FINLAND SNOW MAP

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SWEDEN SNOW MAP

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GREECE SNOW MAP

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SWITZERLAND

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SPAIN SNOW MAP

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ICELAND SNOW MAP

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NORWAY

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POLAND

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REP. CZECH

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