5.

9 Inverse Hyperbolic Functions

7. a. Prove the Identity: 1-tanh2x = sech2x
Solution:
sinh2 𝑥
Recall that tanh2x is also equal to cosh2𝑥, then:

sinh2 𝑥
=1- cosh2 𝑥

cosh2 𝑥−sinh2 𝑥
= (this is a hyperbolic identity: cosh2x – sinh2x = 1)
cosh2 𝑥
1
= cosh2 𝑥

= sech2x

11. Prove that Dx cothx = -csch2x

Solution:
𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑥
Recall that cothx is also equal to 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑥 , then:
𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑥
=Dx𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑥 (𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑥)−𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑥 (𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑥)
= (𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑥)2
* by quotient rule

sinh2 𝑥−cosh2 𝑥
= sinh2 𝑥

Recall also that cosh2x – sinh2x = 1

-cosh2x + sinh2x = -1
− cosh2 𝑥+sinh2 𝑥
= ( )
sinh2 𝑥
−1
= = -csch2x
sinh2 𝑥

25. Prove that ∫ 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒉|𝒖| 𝒅𝒖 = 𝒍𝒏𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉|𝒖| + 𝒄

Solution:
𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑥
Recall: tanhu = 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑢
=∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑢 du
 Let: t = coshu
𝑑𝑡
=∫ 𝑡 dt = sinhu du
= ln|t| + c
= ln cosh|u| + c

43. f(x) = cosh-1(tanx) , find the derivative of the function

Solution:
1
Recall that Dx(cosh-1u) = √𝑢2 Dx(u) : given also that u = tanx, then:
−1
1
= Dx(tanx) Recall: Dx(tanx) = sec2x
√[(tanx)2 −1

1
= (sec2x)
√(tanx)2 −1

sec2 x
=
√[(tanx)2 ]−1

sec2 x
Therefore, the derivative of the function cosh-1(tanx) is
√(tanx)2 −1

x
51. Express the indefinite integral ∫ √x4 dx in terms of an inverse hyperbolic function and
−1
as a natural logarithm.
Solution:

Let: u=x2 Then: Recall:

1 1 1
du 2xdx
= = 2 ∫ √𝑢2 𝑑𝑢 ∫ √𝑢2 −1 du = cosh-1u +c
−1
2 2
1
1
du = xdx = 2 cosh-1x2 + c
2
1
= 2 ln(x 2 + √𝑥 4 − 1 ) + c (from the def’n of inverse
hyperbolic cosine)
67. A woman wearing a parachute jumps from an airplane, and when her parachute opens,
her velocity is 200 ft/sec. If v feet per second is her velocity t seconds after the parachute
opens.
𝟑𝟐𝟒 𝒅𝒗
( ) ( 𝒅𝒕 ) = 324 – v2
𝒈

where g is the constant acceleration due to gravity, Solve this differential equation to obtain:
18 𝑣 100
t =( 𝑔 ) (coth−1 18 − coth−1 )
𝑔

Solution:
324 𝑑𝑣
Given that ( )( ( ) = 324 – v2
𝑔 𝑑𝑡

18 𝑣 100
Prove / obtain t = ( 𝑔 ) (coth−1 18 − coth−1 )
9

Note: also consider some time t and the initial time t=0 and some velocity v and the initial
velocity v=200 ft /sec which is stated in the problem as the woman opens her parachute.

324 𝑑𝑣 𝑔 𝑔
= [( )( 𝑑𝑡 ) = 324 – v2] (324) *multiply both sides by 324
𝑔

𝑑𝑣 𝑔
= 𝑑𝑡 = (324 – v2) (324)

𝑑𝑡 1 𝑑𝑥 1
= = 𝑔 (recall: 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑦 , this is done to avoid the replication wrt to
𝑑𝑣 (324)(324−𝑣 2 ) 𝑑𝑥

the upper limit of integration)

𝑑𝑡 324 1
=[
𝑑𝑣
=(
𝑔
) ((324−𝑣 2))] dv
324 𝑑𝑣
= dt = (
𝑔
) (324−𝑣2)
324 𝑑𝑣
= dt = (
𝑔
) ((18−𝑣)(18+𝑣))
324 𝑑𝑣 324 1
= dt = ( ) (18[(1− 𝑣 )(1+ 𝑣 )]) ( 𝑔
) (18)
𝑔
18 18

18 𝑑𝑣 𝑣2 𝑣2
= dt = ( 𝑔 ) ( 𝑣2
) *because 18 − 18 can be expressed as 18 (1 − 182 ) by taking out 18, then: *
1− 2
18
 18 𝑑𝑣
= dt = ( ) ( 𝑣 2
)
𝑔 1−( )
18

18 𝑑𝑣
= ∫ 𝑑𝑡 = ( ) ∫ ( 𝑣 2
)
𝑔 1−( )
18

𝑡 18 𝑣 1 1 1 1
= ∫0 𝑑𝑥 = ( ) ∫200 𝑣 2
dy *( 𝑣 2 is in the form of − 2 𝑜𝑟 which is the
𝑔 1−( ) 1−( ) 𝑥 −1 1− 𝑥 2
18 18
equivalent of the derivative of coth-1x) then:
18 𝑦
= 𝑥]𝑡0 = ( )(coth-1 )]𝑣200
𝑔 18

18 𝑣 200
= t-0 = ( )(coth-1 ( ) - coth-1 ( ))
𝑔 18 18

18 𝑣 100
= t = ( )(coth-1 ( ) - coth-1 ( ))
𝑔 18 9
65b. A particle is moving on a line according to the equation of motion: show that a is the
sum of two numbers, one of which is proportional to s and the other is proportional to p.
69.The warehouse shown in the accompanying figure is 100 ft. long and 40 ft wide, and x and
y are measured in feet. A cross section of the roof is in the shape of the region bounded
above by the inverted catenary having the equation
𝑥
Y = 31 – 20cosh(20)

Determine the number of cubic feet of storage space in the warehouse.

 𝟏 𝟏+𝒙
Proof: tanh-1x = 𝟐 ln (𝟏−𝒙)

tanh-1x = y tanhy=x
𝑒 𝑦 −𝑒 −𝑦 𝑒 𝑥 −𝑒 −𝑥
= =x (recall that tanhx = )
𝑒 𝑦 +𝑒 −𝑦 𝑒 𝑥 +𝑒 −𝑥
1
𝑒𝑦− 𝑦
𝑒
= 1 =x
𝑒 𝑦 +𝑒𝑦

𝑒2𝑦 −1
𝑒𝑦
= 𝑒2𝑦 +1
=x
𝑒𝑦

𝑒2𝑦−1 𝑒𝑦
= ( 𝑦 ) ( ) =x
𝑒 𝑒 2𝑦 +1
𝑒 2𝑦 −1
= =x
𝑒 2𝑦 +1
𝑒 2𝑦 −1
= = 𝑒 2𝑦 + 1
𝑥
e2y 1
= = e2y + 1 + 𝑥
𝑥

e2y 𝑥+1
= = e2y + ( )
𝑥 𝑥

e2y −𝑥−1
= = e2y
𝑥

e2y −𝑥−1
= =x
e2y

e2y 𝑥 1
= - e2y - e2y = x
e2y
𝑥 1
= 1 - e2y - e2y = x
𝑥 1
= 1- x = +
e2y e2y

1 𝑒 2𝑦
= 1−𝑥 = 1+𝑥 (inverse)
1+𝑥
= = 𝑒 2𝑦
1−𝑥
1+𝑥
= ln (1−𝑥) = 2y (given that y = tanh-1x)
1 1+𝑥
=2 ln (1−𝑥) = tanh-1x
 𝟏 𝒙+𝟏
Prove: coth-1x = 𝟐 ln (𝒙−𝟏)

coth-1x = y x = cothy
𝑒 𝑦 +𝑒 −𝑦 𝑒 𝑥 +𝑒 −𝑥
= x = 𝑒 𝑦 −𝑒 −𝑦 (recall cothx = 𝑒 𝑥 −𝑒 −𝑥 )
1
𝑒 𝑦+ 𝑦
𝑒
=x= 1
𝑒 𝑦 −𝑒𝑦

𝑒 2𝑦 +1
=x=
𝑒 2𝑦 −1

2𝑦
𝑒 2𝑦 +1
=𝑒 −1=
𝑥
𝑒 2𝑦 1
=𝑒 2𝑦
−1= +
𝑥 𝑥
1 𝑒 2𝑦
= 𝑒 2𝑦 − 1 - =
𝑥 𝑥

−𝑥− 1 𝑒 2𝑦
= 𝑒 2𝑦 +( )=
𝑥 𝑥
𝑒 2𝑦 −𝑥− 1
= 𝑒 2𝑦 = -( )
𝑥 𝑥

𝑒2𝑦 + x + 1
= 𝑒 2𝑦 =
𝑥

= x𝑒 2𝑦 = 𝑒 2𝑦 + x + 1
x𝑒2𝑦 𝑒 2𝑦 + x + 1
= =
𝑒2𝑦 𝑒2𝑦

𝑒 2𝑦 x 1
=x= +𝑒2𝑦 + 𝑒2𝑦
𝑒2𝑦

x+1
=x=1+
𝑒2𝑦

x+1
= x-1 = 𝑒2𝑦

x+1
= e2y = 𝑥−1

x+1
= 2y = ln ( 𝑥−1 ) (given that y = coth-1x)
1 𝑥+1
= coth-1x = 2 ln (𝑥−1)