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Windsyn: Version 1.0.C
Windsyn: Version 1.0.C
Gabor Furst
Gabor Furst Consultants Inc.
Vancouver, Canada
This program is available to licensed ATP users only
Gabor Furst Consultants WindSyn Manual
Table of Contents
1. SCOPE ..................................................................................................................................4
2. INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................4
6. REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................19
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7. APPENDIX ............................................................................................................................20
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1. Scope
The program generates U.M. coil data for three phase, Type 1 synchronous machines,
and Types 3 and 4 induction machines. The .wis output file containing the coil data also
serves as a data file to rerun previous cases without re-entering input data, The program
also generates a PCH file containing all the U.M. data records for insertion into a regular
ATP data file. An optional test file TWindSyn.atp enables fast and efficient testing of
the data input.
2. Introduction
The start of the program development dates back to 1996 with the utility Indmot, which
was developed to help users to generate U.M. coil data for induction motors, from
performance data available from manufacturers or performance data commonly specified
for induction motor studies. In the year 2000, the Indmot utility was merged with the
writer’s Synmot utility into a Indsyn program including U.M. type, 1, 3 and 4 machines.
All of these programs were DOS programs.
WindSyn is the Windows version of Indsyn. It uses the same analytical approach to
generate coil data as Indsyn but has a greatly improved user’s interface, and options for
PCH file generation which are not available in Indsyn.
WindSyn handles single three phase machines only, parallel machines may be added in
the future.
While the program will be most useful for those who have no experience in machine
simulation, it should also be useful for experienced users for experimenting with
simulation options, and various machine types.
An additional benefit, particularly with new ATP users, would be the minimization of data
error caused program termination, which may result in hard to interpret KILL codes, or
program termination without a KILL code.
It is also believed that the program could be useful for educational purposes,
demonstrating induction and synchronous motor characteristics.
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The default extension of output file . lis, was changed to “. wis “ to avoid confusion with
Atp .lis files .
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3. Analytical Approach
The generation of U.M. coil data from performance specifications is based on an Ontario
Hydro paper (1) published in 1987. Ontario Hydro’s method was expanded to perform
adjustment for frequent inconsistencies in performance specifications, which cannot be
analytically matched to coil impedances. The final and independent check is calculation
of the slip-torque characteristic from coil impedances. Double cage and deep bar rotor
construction corresponds to two sets of rotor coils. The impedance split between the two
sets is based on empirical data, taken from the Ontario Hydro study. Saturation of the d
axis common inductance is not included in WindSyn. The saturation of this inductance
has negligible effect on machine performance even in the event of transients, and is not
available from standard manufacturer’s data. Saturation of the rotor inductances is not
allowed for in the U.M. data, except via TACS or MODELS. While not of major
importance in induction machine simulation, WindSyn calculates an average saturation of
rotor inductances and matches this with the required machine performance. The rotor
coil inductances thus are average saturated values, over the practical operating range
including direct on line starting.
Data input for the U.M. Type 1 synchronous machines is the Parameter type data input
similar to the data input used for the SM 58/59 model. The regular U.M. coil data input
does not allow for the input of field current and rotor resistance, which was added in
WindSyn as an option to enable real world field current output. The parameter data is
converted to the traditional synchronous machine d and q axis equivalent circuits for
further conversion to U.M. coil data (2). The equivalent circuit is based on the
assumption of stator and rotor base MVA’s are the same and that the rated stator current
passing through the armature reactance produces the same voltage across the armature
reactance as the per unit field current times mutual reactance between stator and rotor in
the direct axis.. Saturation of the main d axis field is not included at the present time, as
it is not considered to be a significant for industrial simulations for which the U.M. Type 1
option is mostly used. It may be included in the future. In the mean time the addition of
the two-segment saturation as described in Section 9 of the Rule Book, can be easily
added manually to the PCH file generated by WindSyn.
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When opening the program the first time an error message “Winsyn.ini not found” or
“…..invalid file directory” may be displayed. Clicking on OK, the screen shown in
Figure-1 is displayed. Enter valid directory names for the file locations for the output
files and the PFE editor, and click OK. WindSyn will then create a Winsyn.ini file with the
user’s file directories. The user then selects one of the nine types of machine, out of four
induction motor and five synchronous machines types.
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Clicking on File/Open in the upper left corner, the user can select the .wis file for re-
running previous data without data re-entry. Clicking on the file will cause the program
to bypass the machine type selection and display the correct data format corresponding
to the data file. Data files should have a .wis extension to avoid confusion with Atp .lis
files.
After clicking on one of the induction machine options and the Continue button, the
screen as shown in Figure–2 is displayed. The table in the screen contains all the data
items required to run WindSyn. All items have been defaulted. This enables the user to
experiment with the running of the program, and gives some hints as to the order of
magnitudes of data values.
Clicking the Exit button on this and all other displays will terminate the program.
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Most of the inputs are self-explanatory but the following should be noted:
- System frequency must be the same as the Power Frequency in the ATP data
file
- Speed is the synchronous speed corresponding to the number of poles of the
machine and the power frequency
- Starting current is the multiple of the full load current at rated voltage, and
assuming direct on line starting from an infinite bus
- Saturation starting current is in per unit full load current. It determines the
average saturated value of rotor coil inductance. It is recommended to use the
default value of 2.0.
- Maximum torque (pullout torque) is not entered, as it is implied in the other
parameters.
- Load torque is in per unit corresponding to the rated load and speed specified
- Inertia is entered in terms of the H constant kWs / kVA defined the same way as
for transient stability studies.
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H - kWs/kVA, Ver. 1c allows the user to make the entry in kWs/kVA, or kgm2 , or
WR2 . After entering in one unit, clicking on another unit causes the program to
convert the entry.
H kVA (106 )
WR =2
2
ftlb 2
0.231* rpm
182521.0 H kVA
J= 2
Newton − m 2
0.231rpm
The user can go back to the machine type selection page by clicking on Return to type
selection, or continue by clicking on Continue at the top of the screen. If clicking on
Continue the table in Figure-3 is presented. This table shows a comparison between the
performance data, which were entered, and the performance data as adjusted by the
program, to make the data consistent. The user can go back and forth between this and
the data input screen to adjust the performance data.
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Clicking again on Continue triggers the display shown in Figure – 4. This screen
contains the instructions for running U.M. with the various options as described in
Chapter 9. of the Rule Book. The entries also specify the requirements for generating
the .PCH file, which contains all the U.M. records required.
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- In the lower group on the left hand side the AutoInitialization button is left
unchecked. With this button unchecked the program will use what is called in the
Rule Book decoupled starting. The writer of this manual strongly disagrees with
the recommendation in Section 9.D.1.5.a of the Rule Book, which suggests pre-
initialization of the U.M. run to get the desired running condition. This
recommendation is impractical, and should be attempted only by the very
advanced ATP users. Using decoupled initialization with no pre-initialization of
coil currents is the same as direct on line energization of a machine from rest
(DOL starting). It is in fact a desirable test of the machine model. Using the
prediction method was found to be less stable with decoupled initialization then
the compensation method.
After completing all entries on the screen, clicking on Continue will cause the program to
solve the case, and the button labeled View output files will appear on the top right
hand side of the screen. On clicking on this button the screen shown in Figure-5 is
displayed.
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Clicking of File in the upper left corner, the user has five options:
- Open PCH file displays the generated PCH file in the white area. This is the
listing of the .PCH file which can be included in the user’s network atp file, and
contains all the requited U.M. records. As the file is called via PFE, the user can
edit the file if desired.
- Open .wis file displays the generated output file that contains the original
machine data entered and the U.M. coil data. This enables the user to extract the
coil data and use it for direct entry into AtpDraw, or for writing an atp data file in
the traditional way. The file can be saved under a different name for future re-
running of the case. The data has, of course, to be re-entered, but this is trivial
and takes only a few minutes.
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- Resume will cause the program to go back to the opening screen for another type
of machine selection.
Below the TestWindSyn button the user can change the TMAX value for the test run.
The default is 15 sec.
The S/C level MVA is the MVA short circuit level at machine terminals in the
TWindSyn.atp file. The value is defaulted to 100 times machine rating, but can be
changed by the user.
Clicking on the TestWindSyn button on the top of the frame, will generate an atp test
file based on the data input. The file is located in the same folder as the .wis and ..PCH
files. See details in Section 5.
WindSyn sets outputs internally in the program, and the options set are not changeable
by the data input. The outputs, however, are transparent in the PCH file created, and
advanced users can change it by editing manually this file in accordance with Section
E.2.3.d.1 of the Rule Book. It should be noted, however, that the options selected,
together with the derived outputs, generated by TACS processing of U.M. outputs, will
satisfy a vast majority of study requirements.
U.M. outputs:
- U.M. output OMEGM, machine speed, radians per second
- U.M. out put TQGEN, machine torque, Newton – m
- U.M. output IPD, IPQ armature currents in d and q axis, amperes
- U.M. output IE1, IE2, etc. rotor coil currents based on unity turns
ratio between stator and rotor
Derived outputs:
- SPEEDR, PCSPEED - rotor speed, r.p.m. and percent
- KW and KVAR - KW and kVAR input (output)
- SlLIP - slip in percent
- PCVOLT – terminal voltage r.m.s.
- TQAVG, average torque in Newton-m
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Only those features of the program which differ from the Induction Motor option will be
discussed.
Once a synchronous machine type is selected on the type selection screen (see
Section1.0, Figure-1), clicking on the Continue button will bring up the data entry form.
The difference between induction and synchronous machines in this respect is, that while
for all four types of induction machines the same data entry form is used, each
synchronous machine type has its own data entry form. The reason for the difference is
that induction machines are specified based on performance data, while synchronous
machines are specified based on parameter data. This type of data entry requires more
freedom for the user, which is provided by individual forms.
Figures 6-1a and 6-1b show two data entry forms, one for a salient pole synchronous
machine with damper (amortisseur) winding in the direct axis only (6-1a), and the other
for a round rotor machine (6-1b) with damper windings in both axes. The program
determines the valid data entry for the machine selected. All entries are defaulted as for
the induction machine to assist the user.
In addition to the data required by U.M, two optional data items can be entered. One is
the no load field current in amps, the other is field resistance in ohms. The field current
enables the generation a real world field current output, in addition to the standard U.M.
output that is in field current based on unity turns ratio between stator and rotor. When
the field resistance is specified, the open circuit directs axis time constant Td0’ is
calculated from the field resistance and overrides the specified value of Td0’.
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After clicking on the Continue button on the data entry form, the form shown in Figure-7
is displayed. This form is the same as that shown for induction machines with two
exceptions.
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On the lower right hand side of the form, the user can specify the closing time of the main
machine breaker and the field breaker. The closing times are defaulted to ‘–1’, thus both
breakers are closed in the steady state. For machine breaker closing after t=0 the user
must specify an external starting torque to accelerate the machine. This is done by
entering an ‘extra load torque’ in the upper half of the form with a negative sign. An
“autostart” feature will be developed in the future.
An example of the .wis and PCH file output is shown in the Appendix.
Output for synchronous machines is the same as for induction machine with the following
additional output.
Field current FIELDC in amps and field voltage FIELDV in volts is added to the
synchronous machine outputs. If there is no no-load field current specified, the field
current will be equal to the value as stated under 4.3.1 above. If the no load field current
is specified, the field current will be in real world amps. The output of field voltage will
only e correct if both field current and resistance were specified in the data entry.
This file is generated by WindSyn at the option of the user, and is located in the same
folder as the other output files. The purpose of TWindSyn.atp is to be able to test and
experiment with the data entered by the user without having to use a large network data
file, or even without having repeatedly enter data in AtpDraw. The TWindSyn.atp file is
based on the specific user’s input data, having regard to the size of the machine and the
frequency in the data entry. The data file is basically a three phase source with an
impedance in series with the source, representing a short circuit MVA at the machine
terminal se to 25 times the machine rating. The user simply clicks on the TestWindSyn
button on the form shown in Figur-5, which causes to create this file. ATP can then
immediately run the file. A sample of the file is shown in the Appendix.
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6. References
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7. Appendix
C 12/25/02
C INDMOT.PCH
C Double cage motor, 10000 hp, 1500 rpm
/TACS
92TQGEN
92OMEGM
98SPEEDR = OMEGM * 9.5493
98KWM = SPEEDR * TQGEN * 0.000106
33TQGEN SPEEDROMEGM KWM
/BRANCH
C grounding of rotor coil end s
C the analogue network records follow
C the separator from the 14 source
INERS INER 1.E-6
IX 7.E+07
C the damping term in ohms
INER 1.384 {damping 1/mho}
/SWITCH
C Switch to connect the motor to the network
C replace the bus names SRCA, SRCB, SRCC !
BUSMA MOTA -1 1000. 1
BUSMB MOTB -1 1000. 1
BUSMC MOTC -1 1000. 1
INERS IX -1 1000. 1
/SOURCE
C next the source records required
C the source for the analogue network
14INERS -1 0.000001 .0000001 -1
C the source of any additional load applied
14INERS -1 -0.5 0.0000001 100.
C U.M. DATA
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C autoinitialize
0 0
BLANK
3 2 2111INER 2 .157
1.411069
1.411069
C armature coils
MOTA 1
.980484 .028508 MOTB 1
.980484 .028508 MOTC 1
C rotor coils
5.55633 .028508 1
1.730297 .051702 1
5.55633 .028508 1
1.730297 .051702 1
BLANK ending U.M. data
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Indmot.wis
12/25/02
INPUT DATA
Input data
Rotor type Double
System frequency Hz ---------- 50
Rated voltage kV ---------- 10
Horse power rating hp ---------- 1000
Synchronous speed r.p.m. ---------- 1500
Rated power factor ---------- 0.9
Full load slip % ---------- 1
Full load efficiency ---------- 0.98
Direct across line starting current p.u.-- 6
Starting torque . p.u. ---------- 0.95
Inertia . kg.m^2 --------- 67.6923
Load torque N-m ---------- 4541.17
Leakage reactance saturation
threshold current p.u. ---------- 2
=====================================================
Stator coils
Stator resistance rs .980484
Stator leakage inductance unsaturated lstn .040254
Stator leakage inductance saturated lsts .028508
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Rotor coils
#1 coil resistance rrot1 5.55633
#1 leakage inductance unsaturated lrot1n .040254
#1 leakage inductance saturated lrot1s .028508
#2 resistance rrot2 1.730297
#2 leakage inductance unsaturated lrot2n .063448
#2 leakage inductance saturated lrot2s .051702
Rotor coils q axis same as for the d axis
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INPUT DATA
===========
Frequency Hz 50
Motor rating hp 1252.03804347826
Rated voltge ph-ph r.m.s. kV 10
Power factor p.u. 0.95
Efficiency p.u. 0.97
Synchronous reactance d axis xd p.u. 1.8
Synchronous reactance q axis xq p.u. 1.6
Potieer reactance p.u. 0.12
Transient reactance d axis xd' 0.36
Transient reactance q axis xd' 0.60
Subtransient reactance d axis xd'' 0.17
Subransient reactance q axis xq'' 0.17
Open circuit time const. d axis Td0 6.0
Open circuit time const. q axis Tq0 1.0
Open cct. subtr. time const. d Td0'' 0.06
Open cct. subtr. time const. q Tq0'' 0.2
Rated load torque Newton-m 5867.434
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