STRUCTURAL STEEL DESIGN

Dr. Ammar A. Ali

yielding and stress distribution. This will result in a uniform stress distribution at ultimate
load.

The allowable tensile stress Ft takes into consideration two types of failure:

1. The mamber may rupture on the least net area. This is the classical and historical
approach to tension member analysis.
2. The tension member may undergo uncontrolled yielding of its gross area without
rupture. Excessive elongation of tension member is undesirable in that it normally
results in deformation of the structure and can lead to failure in other parts of the
structural system.

The types of failure above may be predicted using the following formulas:

1. 𝐹𝐹𝑡𝑡 = 0.50𝐹𝐹𝑢𝑢 … … … (on the net area)

D1
2. 𝐹𝐹𝑡𝑡 = 0.60𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 … … … (on the gross area)

These allowable stresses do not apply to pin-connected members (such as eye bars or
plates connected with relatively large pins), threaded steel rods, or flexible tension
members such as cables and wire ropes.

Block Shear

A tearing failure that can occure at end connections along the perimeter of welds or
along the perimeter of a group of bolt holes (Fig 2.2).
Tension area

Tension area
Pt
Pt
Shear area Shear area
(a) Bolted angle (b) Bolted plate
Pt Shear area
Shear area
Tension
area
Pt

(c) Bolted W shape

Tension area
(d) Welded angles

Fig.2.2 Block shear in end connections

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