ELEC-472: Power Systems

Test 1: March 21, 2019, Time: 90 Minutes

Instructions:

 This is a closed-books test

 Read the questions carefully
 Write explicitly the formulas that you use in the solution
 Work on your own
 No cell phones and smart devise allowed
 If something is confusing, contradictory or missing in question paper, assume and solve.
Do not forget to state your assumption clearly.
 All answers must be detailed/justified, and wrong units and values will be penalized.

Score Sheet:

Questions Q1 Q2 Q3 Total
Grade 16 14 10 /40

Student name: …………………………

Student ID: ……………………………..
1.

A three-phase Y-connected (or ‘‘wye-connected’’) voltage source, operating under balanced

steady-state conditions, supplies a balanced load through a transmission line with a load current of
20∠−36.87° A at rated voltage of 480 V (rms, line-to-line) and 50-Hz. The line impedance is
0.038 + 𝑗0.072 Ω/phase.

a. Find the active and reactive power absorbed by the load? [2 Marks]
  36.87  cos    0.8  PLoad  3VL I L cos    3  480  20  0.8  13302.15 W
QLoad  3VL I L sin    3  480  20  0.6  9976.61 var

b. Find the load circuit elements? [2 Marks]

VL2 4802 230400

Z    13.8536.87 
S *
13302.15  j9976.61 16627.68  36.87

X X
R  13.85  0.8  11.085  , X  13.85  0.6  8.31   L    26.4 mH
2 f 2 50

c. Find the voltage drop on the transmission line? [2 Marks]

VdL  Z L I   0.038  j 0.072   20  36.87  0.08162.17  20  36.87
 1.6225.13 V

d. Find the active and reactive power losses in the transmission line? [2 Marks]

S  3  VdL  I *  3 1.62  20  25.13  36.87   97.262 VA

P  97.2  cos  62   45.63 W

Q  97.2  sin  62   85.82 var

OR

P  3  0.038   20   45.6 W
2

Q  3  0.072   20   86.4 var

2
 e. Find the phasor voltage at the source end of the feeder? [2 Marks]

480 480
Vs  VdL  0  1.6225.13  0  278.59  j 0.68 V
3 3

480 480
Vs  VdL  0  1.6225.13  0  278.59  j 0.68  278.590.13 V
3 3

VsL  3  278.590.13  482.530.13 V

An alternative way

S  SLine  Sload  45.6  j86.4  13302.15  j9976.61  13347.75  j10063.01  16716.0537.01 VA

S 16716.0537.01
VsL    482.550.14 V
3I *
3  2036.87

f. A Y −connected capacitor bank is connected in parallel with the load to improve the power
factor to the 0.95. Calculate the reactive power supplied by the capacitor bank? [1 Mark].
Find the value of the capacitor required to correct the load power factor to 0.95? [1 Mark].

new  cos 1  0.95   18.19

Qnew  QLoad  QCap  PLoad  tan new   13302.15  0.32  4372.20 var
QCap  QLoad  Qnew  9976.61  4372.20  5604.4 var
Each capacitor supplies 𝑄𝑐𝑎𝑝 ⁄3 reactive power

V 
2
V2 L 3 VL2 V2
Qcap  3 3   X c  L  41.11 
Xc Xc Xc Qcap

1 1
Xc  C   77.46  F
2 fC 2 fX c

g. After the capacitor bank is installed, what is the new transmission line current? [2 Marks]

Snew  PLoad  jQnew  13302.15  j 4372.20 =14002.2618.19

S* 14002.26  18.19
I   16.84  18.19 A
3  4800 3  4800
 h. Find the new phasor voltage at the source end of the feeder if the load voltage is maintained
at its rated value? [2 Marks]

0  0.08116.84  62.17  18.19  

480 480
Vs  Z L I  0
3 3
480
 1.3640443.98  0
3
 1.36404 cos  43.98    j1.36404sin  43.98 
480
3
 278.11  j 0.9471  278.110.19

VsL  3  278.480.19  481.70.19 V

OR


Ssnew  PLoad  3  0.038  16.842   j Qnew  3  0.072  16.842  
 13302.15  32.32  j  4372.20  61.25  13334.47  j 4433.45  14052.1718.39 VA

S 14052.1718.39
VsL    481.760.2 V
3I *
3 16.8418.19

2.

Consider a three-phase generator rated 300 MVA, 23 kV, supplying a system load of 240 MVA
and 0.8 power factor lagging at 220 kV through a 330 MVA, 23 ∆/ 230 Y-kV step-up transformer
with a leakage reactance of 0.11 per unit. Neglecting the exciting current and selecting base values
at the load of 100 MVA and 220 kV.

a. Calculate the per-unit transformer reactance on the new base of 100 MVA and 220 kV? [2
Marks]
2
 100  230 
X T  0.11    0.036 pu
 330  220 

b. Find the base value of the voltage on the generator side? [1.5 Marks]

23
VbG  220  22 kV
230

c. Find the base value of the current on the load side? [1.5 Marks]
 100 106
I bHV  =262.43 A
3  220 103

d. Assuming American standard phase shift and draw the per-unit equivalent circuit? [3
Marks]

e. Find the per unit value of the load current? [2 Marks]

The load current is given by

240 106
Is    cos1  0.8  629.83  cos 1  0.8  629.83  36.87 A
3  220 10 3

Is 629.83  36.87
I spu  = =2.39  36.87 pu
I bHV 262.43

f. By assuming American standard phase shift, determine the per unit value of the current
supplied by the generator? [2 Marks]

I ppu  2.39  36.87  30 =2.4  66.87 pu

g. By assuming American standard phase shift and choosing the load terminal voltage as
reference, determine the generator voltage in per unit and in kV? [2 Marks]
 VGpu  jX T  2.39  66.87 +1  30
=0.036  2.39  90  66.87  +1  30
 0.079923.13  1  30   0.0734  0.866   j  0.0313  0.5 
 0.9394  j 0.4687  1.049  26.51

The voltage in kV is given by

VG  1.049  22 103  23.078 kV

3.
Figure Q3 shows the one-line diagram of a three-phase power system. The objective is to draw an
impedance diagram showing all impedances including the load impedance in per-unit on the base
of 100 MVA and 22 kV on the generator side. The data are given as follows

G: 90 MVA, 22kV X = 0.18 pu

T1: 50 MVA, 22/220 kV X = 0.1 pu
T2: 40 MVA, 220/11 kV X = 0.06 pu
T3: 40 MVA, 22/110 kV X = 0.064 pu
T4: 40 MVA, 110/11 kV X = 0.08 pu
M: 66.5 MVA, 10.45 kV X = 0.185 pu
Line 1: 220 kV X = j48.4 Ω
Line 2: 110 kV X = j65.43 Ω
Load: 10.45 kV S = 57∠36.87° MVA.

Figure Q3

a. Specify the base voltage on [2 Marks]

i. The generator side
ii. The transmission line 1 side
 iii. The transmission line 2 side
iv. The Motor side
On the generator side we have

Vbg  22 kV

On the transmission line 1 side we have

220
VbL1  22  220 kV
22

On the transmission line 2 side we have

110
VbL 2  22  110 kV
22

On the motor side we have

 11   11   11   11 
VbM  VbL1    =VbL 2    =220    =110    =11 kV
 220   110   220   110 

b. Specify the base impedance on [2 Marks]

i. The generator side
ii. The transmission line 1 side
iii. The transmission line 2 side
iv. The Motor side

On the generator side, we have

Vbg2
222
ZbG    4.84 
Sb 100
On the transmission line 1 side, we have
VbL2 1 2202
Z bL1    484 
Sb 100
On the transmission line 2 side, we have
VbL2 2 1102
Z bL 2    121 
Sb 100
On the motor side, we have
 2
VbM 112
Z bM    1.21 
Sb 100
c. Calculate the per-unit reactance of each component on the base of 100 MVA and 22 kV on
the generator side?[4.5 Marks]

The reactance of the generator is given by

2
100  22 
ZG   0.18    0.2 pu
90  22 
The reactance of the generator 𝑇1 is given by
2
100  22 
ZT 1   0.1
   0.2 pu
50  22 
The reactance of the transformer 𝑇2 is given by
2
100  220 
ZT 2   0.06     0.15 pu
40  220 
The reactance of the transformer 𝑇3 is given by
2
100  22 
ZT 3   0.064     0.16 pu
40  22 
The reactance of the transformer 𝑇4 is given by
2
100  110 
ZT 4   0.08    0.2 pu
40  110 
The reactance of the line 1 is given by
Z j 48.4
Z L1 pu  L1  =j0.1 pu
Z bL1 484
The reactance of the line 2 is given by
Z j 65.43
Z L 2 pu  L 2  =j0.54 pu
ZbL 2 121
The reactance of the Motor is given by
2
100  10.45 
Z M   0.185     0.251 pu
66.5  11 

The reactance of the load is given by

V2 10.452 106
Z Load  *   1.9136.87  1.528  j1.146
S 57 106   36.87

Z load 1.528  j1.146

Z Loadpu    1.262  j 0.947
ZbM 1.21
d. For the system shown in Figure Q3, draw an impedance diagram in per unit on the base of
100 MVA and 22 kV on the generator side?. [1.5 Marks]