Mt.

Malindang
Range Natural
Park
Biodiversity Assessment
and Monitoring of
Terrestrial Ecosystems (BAMS)

1
Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park
(MMRNP)

Biodiversity Assessment and Monitoring of

Terrestrial Ecosystems
(BAMS)

2017

2
 Table of Contents

No. Title Page

1. Introduction 1
Rationale 1
Background 1
Purpose of the BAMS 1
11. Organization and Planning 2-4
Organizing the MMRNP BAMS team 2
Planning for the Bas implementation 2
Location map of the Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park 3
Route map of the BAMS site 4

111. BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT

A. Faunal Assessment on Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park 5-28

- Hoyohoy BAMS Site
Arthropods 5-13
Vertebrate fauna 14-27
Conclusions and recommendations 27-28

B. Floral Assessment on Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park 29-35

- Hoyohoy BAMS Site
Methodology 29-31
Findings 23-35
Conclusions and recommendations 35
Importance and value of the species 36-39
Species richness and diversity index 40-42
Summary of conservation status 43-46
Indexes for plots 1-8 47-58

Literatures Cited 59-60

Annexes

3
1. Introduction

Rationale
This First Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP) Biodiversity Assessment and
Monitoring of Terrestrial Ecosystem (BAMS) is undertaken based on the DENR objectives
stated in the BAMS Manual as one of the key activity in protected area management. The
ensuing results of the study will be utilized and will influence the MMRNP Protected Area
Work and Financial plans , and as a fundamental input of the State of the PA Report.

Background
This Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park Biodiversity Assessment and Monitoring of
Terrestrial Ecosystem (BAMS) was undertaken under a Memorandum Of Agreement between
the DENR MMRNP Protected Area Office and Misamis University.
A series of meetings between Misamis University researchers and MMRNP PAO staff
were held, consultations and reconnaissance activities to planned sites were made, to determine
the most ideal site for the First Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park BAMs site. The criteria
considered were based on the DENR BAMS manual, peace and order situation, LGU cooperation,
threats to PA, accessibility with bio-diverse being the primary consideration. Initially, three sites
were considered: Carmen in Jimenez, Lake Duminagat - Don Victoriano –Sebucal –Oroquieta
City, and Fertig Hills-Hoyohoy, Tangub City. The final site identified and where the study was
conducted was mainly in the portion of MMRNP near Fertig Hills-Hoyohoy in Tangub City.
Spearheading the BAMS were Misamis University faculty and staff from the Misamis
University College of Forestry, the Natural Sciences Department, MU Research Center (MURC),
and facilitated by the MU Community Extension Program (MUCEP). DENR MMRNP PAO
staff, Forest Rangers and Bantay Lasang, and selected residents also joined in the whole BAMS
process

Purpose of the BAMS

The establishment of this First MMRNP BAMS site, which was conducted in the
portion of MMRNP near Fertig Hills-Hoyohoy in Tangub City, was based on a set criteria that
was developed, and with intensive reference to the manual how the plots were established,
where to locate the permanent plot including the presence of important/indicator species. This 1st
site will provide reliable baseline data undertaken in a robust assessment method to determine
the presence of key species that should be the focus of monitoring.

4
11. Organization and Planning
Organization of the BAMS team
The overall leader during the planning and organization of the MMRNP BAMS was the
MMRNP PASu and APSu. In the BAMS actual fieldwork, it was spearheaded by Misamis
University faculty and staff from the Misamis University College of Forestry, the Natural
Sciences Department, MU Research Center (MURC), and facilitated by the MU Community
Extension Program (MUCEP). DENR MMRNP PAO staff, Forest Rangers and Bantay Lasang,
and selected residents also joined in the whole BAMS process. LGU of Tangub City through the
City ENRO were invited and allotted 2 slots in the team, however, was unable to send participants
due to prior commitments. Misamis University assigned seven (7) faculty and staff.
The group were composed of 2 foresters, 5 Biologists, MMRNP PAO staff-2, Forest
Rangers-2, Bantay Lasang -4, while local experts that served as guides-4. They are as follows:
Flora: Study Leader: Forest Engineer Alfredo F. Garrido Jr.
Forester Jersam C. Calago
Fauna: Study Leader: Yunalyn L. Villantes MS Biology
Jonas T. Hingco MS Biology on-going
Clifford P. Bendoy MS Biology
Mark Anthony M. Manapsal BS Biology
MMRNP PAO staff : Rica Lamparas
June Lousie Superio
MMRNP Forest Rangers: Alredji Flores
MMRNP Bantay Lasang / I.Ps.: Daniel Sabellano
Residents as guides, climbers and porters : Romulo Campos
Rodolfo Rebadillo
Joel Rebadillo
Jolito Palanas
Rubin De Asis
Edwin Palanas
Climbers Eugene V. Villantes
Japhet Nacario

Planning of the BAMS team implementation

As stated, series of meetings between Misamis University researchers and MMRNP PAO
staff were held, consultations with LGUs-M/CENROs, and reconnaissance activities to planned
sites were made, to determine the most ideal site for the First Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park
BAMs site. The criteria considered were based on the DENR BAMS manual, peace and order
situation, LGU cooperation, threats to PA, accessibility with bio-diverse being the primary
consideration.
The BAMS field work was conducted on November 6-15, 2017,while data analysis was
made in the months of November 2017 -January 2, 2018. Species that were identified are being
labelled, while numerous species mostly insects and lichens, some birds and flora that cannot
be identified in the lab, or through review of related literature will be submitted for verification in
labs and to experts for identification.

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Figure 5. Location of Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park

Figure 2. Route map of the BAMS site

6
III. BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT

A. Faunal Assessment on Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park- Hoyohoy BAMS Site

Animals are very good indicators of environmental health aside from their socioeconomic
importance. These include arthropods (Madzaric et al., 2017; Labajo-Villantes & Nuneza, 2015),
amphibians and reptiles (Saber et al., 2017; Palczewska-Komsa et al. 2016) and even birds
(Abdullah et al., 2015). However, these animals are also under threat due to some anthropogenic
activities that have adverse impacts on natural ecosystems (Hanson & McElroy 2015). Examples
are overexploitation and habitat destruction. The primary reason for overexploitation is to obtain
food, medicines and raw materials. Widespread environmental destruction is due to forest
fragmentation, timber harvesting, agricultural practices, infrastructure and urbanization (Sodhi et
al., 2008; Douglas, 2007; Venter et al., 2006; Thorne et al., 2009; van der Ploeg et al., 2011).
Logging was the dominant cause of habitat destruction that significantly affected the animal
population. For reptiles, agriculture is the more frequent threat. In mammals and birds agriculture
is the second most common form of habitat destruction while the construction of dams and
reservoirs is for amphibians.

Among the islands in the Philippines, Mindanao has the highest level of biodiversity
because of several high mountain ranges, including Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park
(MMRNP). This mountain range serve as watershed that support various life forms and provide
sanctuary to numerous and unique fauna especially the endemic faunal species. However, Mt.
Malindang is also threatened. Anthropogenic activities lead to the loss of terrestrial habitats
causing species endangerment and local extinctions (Sodhi et al., 2008; Venter et al., 2006;
Yiming&Wilcove, 2005; Posa et al., 2008). The heavy pressure brought upon by the human
population is the reason why Mt. Malindang is in need of maximum protection (McLeod et al.,
2011).Due to environmental destruction, various efforts have been exerted to conserve faunal
biodiversity in the Philippines, especially in Mt. Malindang with large forest block (Relox et. al.
2011). The first step in conserving faunal species is the documentation of faunal diversity, which
will provide baseline information for future conservation and monitoring efforts (Leiden et al.,
1999).

Hence, this study assessed the major faunal groups including arthropods, amphibians,
reptiles, birds and mammals in Mt. Malindang. Results of this study will be used to come up with
better strategies for conservation and development of Information, Education and Communication
(IEC) for Behavior Change materials that would contribute towards development in Mt.
Malindang.

7
Materials and Methods

The study was conducted on Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park- Hoyohoy BAMS Site.
The chosen site was located in Brgy. Hoyohoy, Tangub City. The site was selected for the
inventory of the fauna in accord with the habitat/flora sites. A two-kilometer transect was
established to serve as the ‘observation walks’, traps and nets placing. The fauna sampling include
arthropods, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals which is consistent with the Biodiversity
Assessment and Monitoring System Manual 9th Version Draft.
Results and Discussion

Arthropods

Figure 1 shows the percentage distribution of various arthropod taxa observed in Mt.
Malindang-Hoyohoy BAMS site. With one hundred eight (108) species, insects are the most
speciose arthropod accounting for 84 percent of the total one hundred twenty nine (129) arthropod
species in Mt. Malindang. The remaining 16 percent is comprised of arachnids (14 species), crabs
(3 species), centipedes (2 species), and millipedes (2 species).

The various arthropod taxa of Mt. Malindang-Hoyohoy BAMS site are shown in Table 1.
A total of one hundred twenty nine species representing five arthropod classes are recorded. The
insects comprise the biggest bulk with 14 groups, namely, cockroaches, earwigs, grasshoppers,
crickets, walking sticks, beetle, true bugs, true flies, mosquitoes, butterflies, moths, wasps, bees
and ants. Class Arachnida recorded 2 taxa namely spiders and daddy long legs, while Class
Crustacea, Class Chilopoda, and Class Diplopoda each recorded 1 taxon only. Among the large
group of insects, true bugs and butterflies are two most diversed taxa found constituting 37% of
the total insect species in the area. Spider is the most diversed taxon under Class Arachnida
comprising 93% of the total Arachnid species.

2%1%2%
11%

84%

Insecta Arachnida Crustacea Chilipoda Diplopoda

Figure 3. Percentage distribution of different classes of arthropods observed on Mt.

Malindang-Hoyohoy Biodiversity Assessment Monitoring System (BAMS) Site.

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Table 1. Arthropods recorded on Mt. Malindang-Hoyohoy Biodiversity Assessment
Monitoring System (BAMS) Site

Class Total No. of Species Total No. of Individuals

Class Insecta
Cockroach 8 20
Earwig 3 6
Grasshopper 7 10
Cricket 3 7
Walking Stick 2 3
Beetle 21 53
True Bug 15 30
True Fly 5 7
Mosquito 2 3
Butterfly 19 34
Moth 6 10
Wasp 2 5
Bee 2 6
Ant 13 41
Total 108 235
Class Arachnida
Spider 13 17
Daddy Longleg 1 1
Total 14 18
Class Crustacea
Crab 3 9
Total 3 9

Class Chilipoda
Centipede 2 15
Total 2 15
Class Diplopoda
Millipede 2 5
Total 2 5

OVER-ALL TOTAL 129 282

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Table 2. Arthropods recorded per sub-site.

No. of Individuals Per Sub-site

Arthropod Total No.of
Species 501- 1001- 1501-
Class 0-500 Individuals
1000 1500 2000
Class Insecta
Cockroach Species1 0 0 0 4 4
Species2 3 0 0 0 3
Species3 2 0 0 0 2
Species4 1 0 0 0 1
Species5 0 3 0 0 3
Species6 2 0 0 0 2
Species7 0 3 0 0 3
Species8 2 0 0 0 2
Total Individuals 10 6 0 4 20
Total No. of Species 8
Earwig Species1 1 0 0 0 1
Species2 0 3 0 0 3
Species3 0 0 2 0 2
Total Individuals 1 3 2 0 6
Total No. of Species 3
Grashopper Species1 1 0 0 0 1
Species2 1 0 0 0 1
Species3 1 0 0 0 1
Species4 0 0 2 0 2
Species5 0 3 0 0 3
Species6 1 0 0 0 1
Species7 1 0 0 0 1
Total Individuals 5 3 2 0 10
Total No. of Species 7
Cricket Species1 2 0 0 0 2
Species2 2 0 0 0 2
Species3 3 0 0 0 3
Total Individuals 7 0 0 0 7
Total No. of Species 3
Beetle Species1 1 0 0 0 1
Species2 2 0 0 0 2
Species3 2 0 0 0 2
Species4 3 0 0 0 3
Species5 2 0 0 0 2
Species6 3 0 0 0 3

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Cont. Table 2. Arthropods recorded per sub-site.

Arthropod Total No.of

Species
Class No. of Individuals Per Sub-site Individuals
501- 1001- 1501-
0-500
1000 1500 2000
Species7 2 0 0 0 2
Species8 3 0 0 0 3
Species9 1 0 0 0 1
Species10 1 0 0 0 1
Species11 8 0 0 0 8
Species12 0 3 0 0 3
Species13 3 0 0 0 3
Species14 1 0 0 0 1
Species15 2 0 0 0 2
Species16 3 0 0 0 3
Species17 2 0 0 0 2
Species18 3 0 0 0 3
Species19 3 0 0 0 3
Species20 2 0 0 0 2
Species21 3 0 0 0 3
Total Individuals 50 3 0 0 53
Total No. of Species 21
Walking
1
Stick Species1 0 0 0 1
Species2 2 0 0 0 2
Total Individuals 3 0 0 0 3
Total No. of Species 2
Bug Species1 3 0 0 0 3
Species2 3 0 0 0 3
Species3 4 0 0 0 4
Species4 2 0 0 0 2
Species5 1 0 0 0 1
Species6 0 2 0 0 2
Species7 3 0 0 0 3
Species8 1 0 0 0 1
Species9 0 2 0 0 2
Species10 2 0 0 0 2

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Cont. Table 2. Arthropods recorded per sub-site.
Arthropod Total No.of
Species
Class No. of Individuals Per Sub-site Individuals
501- 1001- 1501-
0-500
1000 1500 2000
Species11 1 0 0 0 1
Species12 2 0 0 0 2
Species13 2 0 0 0 2
Species14 0 1 0 0 1
Species15 0 1 0 0 1
Total Individuals 24 6 0 0 30
Total No. of Species 15
True Fly Species1 2 0 0 0 2
Species2 1 0 0 0 1
Species3 2 0 0 0 2
Species4 1 0 0 0 1
Species5 0 1 0 0 1
Total Individuals 6 1 0 0 7
Total No. of Species 5
Mosquito Species1 0 0 2 0 2
Species2 0 1 0 0 1
Total Individuals 0 1 2 0 3
Total No. of Species 2
Butterfly Species1 2 0 0 0 2
Species2 3 0 0 0 3
Species3 2 0 0 0 2
Species4 2 0 0 0 2
Species5 3 0 0 0 3
Species6 4 0 0 0 4
Species7 3 0 0 0 3
Species8 1 0 0 0 1
Species9 1 0 0 0 1
Species10 1 0 0 0 1
Species11 1 0 0 0 1
Species12 2 0 0 0 2
Species13 2 0 0 0 2
Species14 1 0 0 0 1

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Cont. Table 2. Arthropods recorded per sub-site.
Arthropod Total No.of
Species
Class No. of Individuals Per Sub-site Individuals
501- 1001- 1501-
0-500
1000 1500 2000
Species15 1 0 0 0 1
Species16 2 0 0 0 2
Species17 1 0 0 0 1
Species18 1 0 0 0 1
Species19 1 0 0 0 1
Total Individuals 34 0 0 0 34
Total No. of Species 19
Moth Species1 0 1 0 0 1
Species2 3 0 0 0 3
Species3 1 0 0 0 1
Species4 1 0 0 0 1
Species5 2 0 0 0 2
Species6 2 0 0 0 2
Total Individuals 9 1 0 0 10
Total No. of Species 6
Wasp Species1 0 3 0 0 3
Species2 2 0 0 0 2
Total Individuals 2 3 0 0 5
Total No. of Species 2
Bee Species1 0 2 0 0 2
Species2 4 0 0 0 4
Total Individuals 4 2 0 0 6
Total No. of Species 2
Ant Species1 6 0 0 0 6
Species2 0 4 0 0 4
Species3 0 8 0 0 8
Species4 10 0 0 0 10
Species5 10 0 0 0 10
Species6 3 0 0 0 3
Total Individuals 29 12 0 0 41
Total No. of Species 6
Class Arachnida
Spider Species1 1 0 0 0 1
Species2 2 0 0 0 2
Species3 2 0 0 0 2
Species4 1 0 0 0 1

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Cont. Table 2. Arthropods recorded per sub-site.
Arthropod Total No.of
Species
Class No. of Individuals Per Sub-site Individuals
501- 1001- 1501-
0-500
1000 1500 2000
Species5 1 0 0 0 1
Species6 0 1 0 0 1
Species7 0 1 0 0 1
Species8 0 1 0 0 1
Species9 2 0 0 0 2
Species10 1 0 0 0 1
Species11 2 0 0 0 2
Species12 1 0 0 0 1
Species13 1 0 0 0 1
Total Individuals 14 3 0 0 17
Total No. of Species 13
Daddy
1 0
Longlegs Species1 0 0 1
Total Individuals 1 0 0 0 1
Total No. of Species 1
Class
Crustacea
Crab Species1 2 0 0 0 2
Species2 4 0 0 0 4
Species3 3 0 0 0 3
Total Individuals 9 0 0 0 9
Total No. of Species 3
Class
Chilopoda
Centipede Species1 4 0 0 0 4
Species2 11 0 0 0 11
Total Individuals 15 0 0 0 15
Total No. of Species 2
Class Diplopoda
Millipede Species1 2 0 0 0 2
Species2 3 0 0 0 3
Total Individuals 5 0 0 0 5
Total No. of Species 2

Vertebrate Fauna

A total of seventy (70) vertebrate faunal species was recorded on Mt. Malindang Range
Natural Park- Hoyohoy BAMS Site (Table 3). Of these species, forty-eight (48) species or 68.6%
are considered endemics and most are forest species. According to Martin & Blackburn, (2010)
forest species and many specialist endemic species with high conservation priority are highly
intolerant of disturbance. This result suggests the need for conservation efforts on this area of Mt.

14
Malindang. Knowing the forest disturbance negatively affects endemics but preserving mature
forests should be the primary concern of Philippine conservation efforts (Posa, 2006).

Table 3. Summary of species richness and endemism of vertebrates recorded on Mt.

Malindang Range Natural Park- Hoyohoy BAMS Site.

Vertebrate Species Threatened Species

Endemism
Group Richness
DAO
IUCN CITES 2004-15
2017

Herpetofauna 15 10 (66.7%)
2V 2V
Frogs 6 6 (75%)

Skinks 3 3 (100%)
1 Appendix
Snakes 4 1 (25%) II
3V 1 Appendix 2V
I;
Birds 43 20 (46.5%)
1 Appendix
II
Bats 5 3 (60%)

Non-Volant 1 Appendix 1T
7 5 (71.4%) II
Mammals

Total 70 48 (68.6%)

Legend: V- Vulnerable; T-Threatened

Figure 2 shows the distribution of herpetofaunal species recorded in the survey. There are fifteen
herpetofaunal species, composed of eight amphibians and seven reptiles. Out of the eight
herpetofauna famililes, Scincidae and Colubridae has the highest species richness, having three
recorded species, accounting for 20% from the 15 total herpetofaunal species. Dicroglossidae,
Rhacophoridae and Ceratobatrachidae each has two recorded species, which accounts for 13%,
while the rest of the families each has one recorded species, accounting for 7%. Eight of the
recorded species are frogs, while three are skinks, all in the family Scincidae, and four are snakes,
belonging to the families Elapidae and Colubridae. Out of these, ten are Philippine endemic,
which indicates an overall endemism of 66.67%. Based on the data, endemism for amphibians is
the same compared to reptiles (50%). Two of the total number of endemic species (Megophrys sp.
and Philautus acutirostris) are classified as “Vulnerable” in the IUCN Red List (IUCN 2017),
while one non-endemic species (Limnonectes magnus) is classified as “Near Threatened in the
IUCN and “Vulnerable” in the DAO 2004-2015. The presence of these endemic and vulnerable

15
species is an indication of the need to protect the Hoyohoy BAMS Site as an important habitat for
these herpetofaunal populations. Two snakes species are yet to be identified, but based on the
initial observations they are probably classified under the Family Colubridae.

20% 13%
7%
7%
13%

20% 7%
13%

Dicroglossidae Megophrys Rhacophoridae Ranidae

Ceratobatrachidae Scincidae Elapidae Colubridae

Figure 4. Family distribution of herpetofauna on Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park- Hoyohoy
BAMS Site.

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Table 4. Herpetofaunal species recorded on Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park- Hoyohoy BAMS Site.

Distribution Conservation Status

Status Number of
Herpetofauna Common Name IUCN
Local (IUCN CITES DAO Individuals
2017
Name 2017) 2004-15
Frogs
Dicroglossidae
Giant Philippine Bak-bak Near Vulnerab
Limnonectes magnus Endemic 13
Frog Threatened le
Baki Non- Least
Limnonectes sp. Frog 3
endemic Concern
Megophryidae
Megophrys stegnejeri Horned Frog Baki Endemic Vulnerable 2
Rhacophoridae
Philautus acutirostris Tree Frog Baki Endemic 2
Malindang Tree Baki Least
Philautus surrufus Endemic 1
Frog Concern
Ranidae
Variable-backed Baki Non- Least
Pulchrana signata 2
Frog endemic Concern
Ceratobatrachidae
Platymantis sp. 1 Ground Frog Baki Endemic 2
Platymantis sp. 2 Ground Frog Baki Endemic 1
Skinks
Scincidae
Tabili Least
Eutropis sp.1 Mabuya Endemic 1
Concern
Tabili Least
Eutropis sp.2 Mabuya Endemic 1
Concern
Tabili Least
Eutropis sp. 3 Mabuya Endemic 1
Concern
Snakes
Elapidae
Dupong Least Appen
Naja samarensis Visayan Cobra Endemic 1
Concern dix II
Colubridae

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Boiga cynodon Dog-toothed Cat Baksan Non- Least 1
Snake endemic Concern
Unidentified sp. 1
Unidentified sp. 2

Total No. of Species: 15

Total No. of 31
Individuals:
Total No. of Frogs: 8
Total No. of Skinks: 3
Total No. of Snakes 4
Total Endemism: 10 (66.67%)
Frog Endemism : 6 (75%)
Skink Endemism: 3 (100%)
Snake Endemism: 1 (25%)

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In the present study, a total of forty-seven species (47) of birds belonging to eleven (11) orders
and thirty-one (31) families have been recorded (Table 5). The Order Passeriformes appeared
to be the most crowded order represented by nine (9) families (Fig. 3). Of the species observed,
twenty (20) or 46.5% endemism was recorded. These are species that areonly found in the
Philippines and nowhere in the other parts of the world (Oxford Dictionary of Ecology 2010).
Certain bird species like Mimizuku gurneyi and Buceros hydrocorax were considered as
vulnerable species both by IUCN Red List (2017) and DAO (2004-15). However, M. gurneyi
was given Appendix I status while B. hydrocorax is Appendix II by the CITES. These two
species of birds need to be given high conservation priority with the other forest endemics and
specialists.
Mt. Malindang offers a forest habitat that has complex arrangement of vegetation that
gives a wide range of microhabitats and food sources. Many birds were documented because of
the existence of food sources. The occurrence of fruit bearing trees (e.g. Ficus sp.) has helped
many of the birds such as jungle fowls, doves, colasisi and bulbuls exist. Because of the insect
diversity in the area, several birds such as coucals, cuckoos, swifts, woodpeckers, cuckoo-
shrikes, kingfishers and wood swallows were also recorded.

19
Table 5. Bird species recorded on Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park- Hoyohoy BAMS Site.

Conservation Status
Distributio
n Status Number of
Birds Common Name Local DAO
(IUCN IUCN 2017 CITES Individuals
Name 2004-15
2017)
COLUMBIFORMES
Columbidae
Yellow-Breasted Hagomho Least
Ramphiculus occipitalis Endemic 1
Fruit Dove m/Punay Concern
Phapitreron Amethyst Alimukon Least
Endemic 1
amethystinus Brown-Dove Concern
White-Eared Alimukon Least
Phapitreron leucotis Endemic 4
Brown-Dove Concern
Macropygia phasianella Reddish Cuckoo- Lutgaw Non Least
1
Dove Endemic Concern
Buro-buro Non Least
Streptopelia chinensis Spotted Dove 1
Endemic Concern
Common Hagomho Non Least
Chalcophaps indica 1
Emerald-Dove m Endemic Concern
Buro-buro Non Least
Columba vitiensis Metallic Pigeon 1
Endemic Concern
PSITTACIFORMES
Psittacidae
Kusi Least
Loriculus philippensis Colasisi Endemic 3
Concern
TROGONIFORMES
Trogonidae
Philippine Least
Harpactes ardens Endemic 2
Trogon Concern
Sittidae

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 Velvet-Fronted Balatok Non Least
Sitta frontalis 2
Nuthatch Endemic Concern
Pycnonotidae
Philippine Siyok- Least
Hypsipetes philippinus Endemic 2
Bulbul siyok Concern
Timaliidae
Brown Tit- Least
Macronous striaticeps Endemic 4
Babbler Concern
Muscicapidae
Mountain
Verditer-
Non Least
Eumyias panayensis Flycatcher/ 3
Endemic Concern
Turquoise
Flycatcher
Black-and-
Rhipidura Least
Cinammon Endemic 4
nigrocinnamomea Concern
Fantail
Bali-ala
Non Least
Rhipidura javanica Pied Fantail 1
Endemic Concern
STRIGIFORMES
Strigidae
Giant Scops- Append
Mimizuku gurneyi Endemic Vulnerable Vulnerable 1
Owl ix I
BUCEROTIFORMES
Bucerotidae
Kalaw Append
Buceros hydrocorax Rufous Hornbill Endemic Vulnerable 5
ix II Vulnerable
Sylviidae
Non- Least
Phylloscopus sp. Leaf Warbler 2
endemic Concern
Acanthizidae
Golden-Bellied Non Least
Gerygone sulphurea 1
Flyeater Endemic Concern
Pachycephalidae
Pachycephala Yellow-Bellied Least 5
Endemic
philippinensis Whistler Concern

21
 Dicaeidae
Least
Dicaeum sp. Flowerpecker Endemic 2
Concern
ACCIPITRIFORMES
Accipitridae
Non- Least
Haliastur indus Brahminy Kite 2
endemic Concern
APODIFORMES
Apodidae
Sayaw Least
Collocalia sp. Swiftlet Endemic 8
Concern
Sayaw Least
Collocalia troglodytes Pygmy Swiftlet Endemic 1
Concern
Corvidae
Uwak Non- Least
Corvus sp. Crow 4
endemic Concern
Nectariniidae
Near
Aethopyga boltoni Apo Sunbird Endemic 1
Threatened
PICIFORMES
Picidae
Philippine Balatok
Least
Dendrocopos maculatus Pygmy Endemic 3
Concern
Woodpecker
Greater Balatok Least
Chrysocolaptes lucidus Endemic 1
Flameback Concern
PELECANIFORMES
Ardeidae
Rufous Night- Lapay Non Least
Nycticorax caledonicus 1
Heron Endemic Concern
Distribution Number of
Conservation Status
Local Status Individuals
Birds Common Name
Name (IUCN DAO
IUCN 2017 CITES
2017) 2004-15
FALCONIFORMES
Falconidae
Microhierax Philippine Least
Endemic 1
erythrogenys Falconet Concern

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 Peregrine Tortor Non Least
Falco peregrinus 1
Falcon Endemic Concern
CUCULIFORMES
Cuculidae
Chestnut- Non Least
Clamator coromandus 1
Winged Cuckoo Endemic Concern
Bolay-og Non Least
Eudynamys scolopacea Common Koel 1
Endemic Concern
PASSERIFORMES
Pittidae
Erythropitta Red Bellied Least
Endemic 1
erythrogaster Pitta Concern
Aegithinidae
Non Least
Aegithina tiphia Common Iora 1
Endemic Concern
Chloropseidae
Philippine Pitsiw
Chloropsis flavipennis Endemic Vulnerable 1
Leafbird
Artamidae
White Breasted Git-git Non Least
Artamus leucorynchus 1
Wood-Swallow Endemic Concern
Laniidae
Amomong Non Least
Lanius cristatus Brown Shrike 1
got Endemic Concern
Long-tailed Tibalas Non Least
Lanius schach
Shrike Endemics Concern
Sturnidae
Sal-ing Least
Sarcops calvus Coleto Endemic 1
Concern
Zosteropidae
Everett’s Pitsiw Non Least
Zosterops everetti 1
White-Eye Endemic Concern
Turdidae
Panuigon Non Least
Turdus poliocephalus Island Thrush 1
Endemic Concern
Campephagidae
Sagaksak Non Least
Lalage nigra Pied Triller 1
Endemic Concern

23
Total No. of Species: 43
Total No. of
Individuals:
Total Endemism: 20 (46.5 %)
1
Appendix
2V (IUCN I; 1 2V (DAO
Threatened Species:
2017) Appendix 2004-15)
II in
CITES

24
 2% 2%2% 5%
2% 2%2%
2%2% 16%
2%
2%
2%
2% 5%
2%
2% 5%
2%
5% 2%
2% 5%
2%
7% 5%
2% 2% 2%

Ardeidae Falconidae Columbidae Cuculidae

Apodidae Bucerotidae Picidae Pittidae
Chloropseidae Pycnonotidae Sittidae Acanthizidae
Muscicapidae Artamidae Laniidae Sturnidae
Nectariniidae Dicaeidae Accipitridae Zosteropidae
Turdidae Psittacidae Trogonidae Campephagidae
Timaliidae Sylviidae Corvidae Pachycephalidae

Figure 5. Family distribution of birds on Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park- Hoyohoy
BAMS Site.

In this study, most of the bats recorded are fruit -eating bats belong to family
Pteropodidae (Fig. 4). Again, just like with many birds, occurrence of fruit bearing trees (e.g.
Ficus sp.) have helped many of the fruit-eating bats to exist. For mammals, the family Muridae
harbors the highest number of species than other non-volant mammals (Fig. 5). The presence
of forest rats such as Rattus everetti and Bullimus bagobus (Table 6) clearly showed that the
habitats in Mt. Malindang are still favorable for species growth and development and should be
a site for conservation.

25
 20%

80%

Pteopodidae Rhinolophidae

Figure 6. Family distribution of bats on Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park- Hoyohoy BAMS
Site.

14.3% 14.3%

14.3% 14.3%

14.3%

28.6%

Viverridae Tupaiidae Muridae Tarsiidae Sciuridae Suidae

Figure 7. Family distribution of non-volant mammals on Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park-
Hoyohoy BAMS Site.

Table 6. Mammals recorded on Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park- Hoyohoy BAMS Site

26
 Distributio Conservation Status Number
Vertebrate Local Name n Status of
Common Name IUCN DAO
Group (IUCN CITES Individua
2017 2004-15
2017) ls
Bats

Pteropodidae
Ptenochirus Lesser Musky Kwaknit Least
Endemic 13
minor Fruit Bat Concern
Cynopterus Lesser Dog- Kwaknit Non- Least
20
brachyotis Faced Fruit Bat endemic Concern
Haplonycteris Philippine Pygmy Kwaknit Least
Endemic 15
fischeri Fruit Bat Concern
Macroglossus Lesser Long- Kwaknit Non- Least
2
minimus tongued Fruit Bat endemic Concern

Rhinolophidae
Kwaknit Data
Rhinolophus sp. Horseshoe Bat Endemic 1
Deficient
Non-Volant
Mammals

Viverridae
Paradoxurus Common Palm Milo/ Non- Least
4
hermaphroditus Civet Singgalong endemic Concern

Tupaiidae
Mindanao Tree Least
Urogale everetti Endemic 2
Shrew Mugsaw Concern

Muridae
Philippine Forest Ilaga Least
Rattus everetti Endemic 6
Rat Concern
Bullimus Large Mindanao Ilaga Least
Endemic 1
bagobus Forest Rat Concern

Tarsiidae
Basing Near
Appen Threate
Carlito syrichta Philippine Tarsier Endemic Threatene 1
dix II ned
d

Sciuridae
Sundasciurus Mindanao Laksoy Least
Endemic 2
mindanensis Squirrel Concern
Suidae
Baboy
Sus sp.
ihalas
Total No. of Bat
5
Species
Total No. Non-
Volant 7
Mammals:

27
Total No. of
67
Individuals:
Total Bat
3 (60%)
Endemism:
Total Non-
Volant 5 (71.4%)
Endemism:
Threatened 1 Appendix II
Species (CITES)

Conclusion and Recommendations

The high number of endemic fauna and the presence of threatened species indicate
the high conservation value of Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park. This study revealed that
vegetation structure and elevation influence the presence of faunal species. Based on the
results, researchers recommended the following:

1. This study may be considered a baseline study on faunal diversity and endemism that can
be used for more specific and intensive studies on other parts of Mt. Malindang and in the
country.

2. Production of Information, Education and Communication for Behavioral Change materials

on endemic and threatened fauna species must be done to inform all local communities in the
buffer and core zones on the different species that need to be protected and conserved.

3. To increase protection on the area, there must also be an increased number of personnel in
the Protected Area Office (PAO) and Bantay Lasang or barangay volunteers that will be
designated to guard and check the areas for illegal activities.

4. For the Local Government Units and other concerned agencies, it is recommended to reduce
the width of roads and tracks, and limiting felling-gap sizes to reduce the effects of
fragmentation on arboreal species, an effective land use plan must be provided.

5. For the Protected Area Management Board (PAMB) to strictly enforce all the laws, policies
and regulations for the protection and conservation of Mt. Malindang and to implement all the
protection, conservation and monitoring activities stipulated in the Mt. Malindang General
Management Plan.

28
6. For the protection and conservation to be more effective, an alternative livelihood must be
provided to prevent further encroachment in forested sites, conversion of forest areas into
agricultural lands and poor upland agricultural activities.

29
 B. Floral Assessment on Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park- Hoyohoy BAMS Site

A. Methodology
The flora team comprised three local researchers/guides, one bantay lasang from the DENR-
PAO and two from MUCEP. They were oriented as to the specific roles of each member in
the various activities that include area survey, quadrat establishment, geotagging , plant
collection and identification and documentation.

Using Google map as a guide and actual inspection of the area, the 2 km. transect line was
established and each quadrat measuring 20m x 20m in every 250m interval along the transect
was preliminary measured and tagged. These quadrats which were established in alternating
directions along the transect were used for species level assessment. The perimeter of each
quadrat was bounded by nylon strip.
Figure 8 . Lay-out of quadrats in the 2km transect showing alternate location

In the actual inventory of every established quadrat, geotagged photos were made in all
cardinal directions (N, E, S, W). The geographical coordinates of each corner were measured
and the forest formation and age of the stand was established following the forest formation
used by Fernando, et. al. 2008. Observed disturbance, dead trees, exotic species and others
were noted.
Measurements for species diversity assessment were made at every 250-m interval along the
transect using nested quadrat technique. The quadrats were established in alternating directions
on the transect line to eliminate bias in the selection of samples. In the entire 20 x 20 quadrat,
all large tree species with a minimum diameter of 10 cm. were identified and measured
together with the total and merchantable heights. Flowering, fruiting and other disturbances
were noted.
Within the each quadrat a 5m x 5m plot was established and marked for understory inventory.
All small trees with less than 10 cm in diameter, together with shrubs, herbs and saplings were
identified and counted. Flowering, fruiting and other disturbances were also noted.

30
Inside each 5m x 5m plot, a smaller subplot of 1m x 1m was established. Grasses, vines, ferns
and other lower plants were identified. The percentage cover of these was estimated.
Disturbances and cover of forest litter and barren soil was also noted.

20m 1m

5m

Trees > 10 cm Ground cover Pole, saplings,

Percent cover shrubs and herbs
Ht, DBH

Figure 9. Quadrat diagram for species inventory

Additional listing of plant species was made using random meander survey, a non-systematic
general collection / method to account for other species occurring outside the survey plots.
Samples of each species encountered were collected, brought to the campsite, tagged and
photographed. Specimen collected were properly identified through comparisons and
consultations with relevant literatures and websites. Hard to identify specimens were
submitted/mailed to professionals for identification
To facilitate data analysis, all information from the inventory were encoded / tabulated in excel
worksheet. Basal area and volume of each tree species were computed. Indices for each
species were also computed which include: relative density, relative dominance and relative
frequency values. The importance value indices (IVI) were computed based on these. The
following formula were :

Density = Number of individuals

Area sampled

Relative Density = ___Density for a species___ x 100

Total density for all species

Frequency = Number of plots where species occur

Total number of plots sampled

Relative Frequency = ___Species frequency value___ x 100

31
 Total frequency for all species

Dominance =Basal area or volume for a species

Area sampled

Relative Dominance = _____Species dominance_____ x 100

Total dominance for all species

Importance Value = Relative Density + Relative Frequency + Relative Dominance

Diversity index (Shannon) for each quadrat was computed with the information on the number
of species and abundance. The classification scheme developed by Fernando et al. (1998) shall
be used for the interpretation of Shannon diversity index .

Table 6. Classification schemes on diversity developed by Fernando , et. al.

Relative Values Shannon (H’) Index

Very High 3.5 and above

High 3.0 – 3.49

Moderate 2.5 – 2.99

Low 2.0 – 2.49

Very Low 1.9 and below

32
Table 7. Summary of the number of tree species inventoried
Quadrat
Local /
Common Sci. Name Family Name 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Name
Agathis
Almaciga philippinensis 1 1
Warb. Araucariaceae
Colona
serratifolia 2 1 1 2
Anilaw Cav. Tiliaceae
Balete Ficus sp Moraceae 1
Batuan Garcinia sp Clusiaceae 1
Binte binte Omalanthus sp Euphorbiaceae 1 1 1
Calophyllum
blancoi Pl. & 1 1 1 1
Bitanghol Tr. Clusiaceae
Glochydion
camiguinenses 1
Bunot bunot Merr. Euphiorbiaceae

Cedar / Podocarpus 1
Malaalmaciga blumei Endl. Podocarpaceae
Shorea 1
Danlugan 5 4 3 3
contorta Merr. Dipterocarpaceae 0
Camptostemon
Gapas gapas philippinense 1 5 2 2 2
Becc. Bombacaceae
Lithocarpus
mindanaensis 1 3 4 3 2 6
Gusukan pula Rehd. Fagaceae
Lithocarpus 1
14 5 3 5 2 2
Gusukan puti philippinensis Fagaceae 0
Myrica
Hindang 2 5 2 4 5 1
javanica Blume Myricaceae
Hindang dalag Macaranga 1
ovatifolia Merr. Euphorbiaceae
Turraea
Hindang pula
membranacea Meliaceae 2
/ Sandana
Merr.
Serianthes
Hunop grandiflora Fabaceae 1 1 5
Pers.
Iba iba Glochidion sp Euphorbiaceae 1 1
Shorea
squamata 1
Kalayaan Dyer. Dipterocarpaceae
Cinnamomum 4 2 4 3 2
Kalingag mercadoi Vid. Lauraceae
Katmon puti Dillenia sp Dilleniaceae 1
Lagnob Moraceae 1 1 2

33
 Duabanga
moluccana 3 2 4
Loktob Blume. Sonneraticeae
Malalanzones 1

1
Manga manga Mangifera sp Anacardiaceae
Mangongkong Ixora 1
crassifolia Merr Rubiaceae
Palaquium
Nato pula luzoniense 1
Vid. Sapotaceae
Pouteria
Nato puti macrantha 1
Merr. Sapotaceae
Pine tree / Casuarina
Agoho del sumatrana 3 6 1 3
monte Jungh. Casuarinaceae
Polayo Syzygium sp Myrtaceae 1
Polayo
(Gamay 1
dahon) Syzygium sp Myrtaceae
Syzygium
Polayo pula 1
blancoi Myrtaceae
Syzygium
1
polayo puti simile Merr. Myrtaceae
Syzygium
Sagimsim huchinsonii 1 1 1 1
Merr. Myrtaceae
Syzygium
Sagimsim puti brevistylum 2 1 2 1 4
Merr. Myrtaceae
Canarium
odontophylum 2 3
Salung salung Miq. Burseraceae
Parinari
corymbosa 1 1 2 1
Santol santol Miq. Amygdalaceae
sp 1 1 5 1 1
sp 10 1 1
Pterospermum
sp 2 obliquum 1 1 1 1
Blanco Sterculiaceae
Phyllocladus
hypophyllus 1 1
sp 3 Hook. Podocarpaceae

34
 Calophyllum 1
sp 5 sp Clusiaceae
sp 6 1
sp 7 1
sp 8 1
sp 9 (Plot 2) 1 1 1
Flacourtia
rukam Zol. & 1 1
Malakubi Mor. Flacourtiaceae
sp b 1
Schefflera
2
Tagilima alvarezii Araliaceae
Ternstroemia
Tagilumboy megacarpa 4 1 1 3
Merr. Theaceae
Elaeocarpus
grandiflorus 1 1 2 1
Tal - ot Sm. Elaocarpaceae
Shorea
Tangile / red
negrosensis Dipterocarpaceae 2
lauan
Foxw.
Ficus nota
2 1
Tubog Merr. Moraceae
Astronia
cumingiana 1
Tungaw Vid Melastomataceae
Melastroma
Tungaw
malabathricum 1 2 5 3 6 3
tungaw
Merr. Melastomataceae
Everettia
Tungaw
pulcherrima 1 1 1
tungaw puti
Merr. Melastomataceae

Important incidental species

Vitex quinata
Tugas tugas F.N. Will. Verbenaceae
Palaquium
philippinense
lokus C. B. Rob Sapotaceae
Decaspermum
fruticosum
Ulingon Forst. Myrtaceae
Macaranga
tanarius
Binunga Merr. Euphorbiaceae
lumot (pine Dacrydium
tree) elatum Wall. Podocarpaceae

35
 Canthium
dicoccum
Malakape Merr. Rubiaceae
Pale pale Buchanania sp Anacardiaceae
Shorea
Tangile polysperma Dipterocarpaceae
(bayabason) Merr.
Vaccinium
Balaw perrigidum Elm. Ericaceae
Mangosteen
ihalas Garcinia sp. Clusiaceae
Trema orientalis
Hanagdong Blume Ulmaceae
Endemism and ecological or conservation status of the different species were assessed to
determithe ecological importance of the vegetation in the area. The online database, Co’s
Digital Flora of the Philippines (www.philippineplants.org), and other published literature
(Enumeration of Philippine Flowering Plants Vol. 1-4 (Merrill 1923-26) and Revised Lexicon
of Philippine Trees (Rojo 1998) were consulted to determine the places of distribution of each
species. The conservation status of each species were established based on the DENR
Administrative Order No. 2007-01 entitled ‘‘The National List of Threatened Philippine Plants
and their Categories, and the listing of threatened species by the International Union for
Conservation of Nature (IUCN) red list.
A matrix to obtain the true biodiversity value of the different quadrats were developed to
determine the most important area for biodiversity conservation and for choosing the quadrat
where the permanent monitoring plot should be established. The evaluation shall take into
consideration not only the number of species (richness) but also the number of threatened
species and endemic species. A range of values for each criterion (species richness, number of
threatened species, and number of endemic species) were obtained and a three-point scale shall
be used to rank the quadrats.

On the next page are the findings:

Results and Discussion

The study area where the transect line of two kilometers was established is the upland forest of
Barangay Hoyohoy Tangub City which is characterize by undulating to steep slopes . It has an
elevation range of 1000 masl to 1600 masl with forest types of lowland evergreen rainforest
to tropical lower montane rainforest (based on classification of Fernando, et. al.). The forest
development is from young growth (lower portion) to old growth in the upper portion.

The summary of species listed in Table 7 showed a total of 294 trees belonging to 28 families
with two families of Gymnosperm. The lower quadrats were dominated by Dipterocarps
particularly White Lauan ( Shorea contorta). The lower montane rainforests is dominated by
the species of Genus Syzygium (Myrtaceae) and Genus Lithocarpus (Fagaceae). Other

36
relatively abundant species are Gapas gapas (Camptostemon philippinense), Hindang (Myrica
javanica), Agoho (Casuarina sumatrana) and Anilaw (Colona serratifolia).The notable
incidental species found outside the quadrats are Tangile (Shorea polysperma), Lokus
(Palaquium philippinense) and Lumot (Dacrydium elatum).

In order to establish the rank relationship of each species, the importance values were
computed and shown in Table 8. Among the species with high IV values are also abundant.
These include Lithocarpus philippinensis, Lithocarpus mindanaensis , Shorea contorta, Myrica
javanica, Casuarina sumatrana and Cinnamomum mercadoi.

37
Table 8. Importance value and species abundance

Rel. relative
Rel. Importance
Local / Common Name Sci. Name abundance freq dominance
Density (%) value
(%) (%)

Almaciga 1
Agathis philippinensis Warb. 0.68 1.47 0.61 2.76
Anilaw Colona serratifolia Cav. 1.5 2.04 2.94 1.51 6.49
Balete Ficus sp 1 0.34 0.74 4.77 5.84
Batuan Garcinia sp 1 0.34 0.74 0.23 1.31
Binte binte Omalanthus sp 1 1.02 2.21 2.46 5.69
Bitanghol Calophyllum blancoi Pl. & Tr. 1 1.36 2.94 1.85 6.15

1
Bunot bunot Glochydion camiguinenses Merr. 0.34 0.74 0.08 1.16

1
Cedar / Malaalmaciga Podocarpus blumei Endl. 0.34 0.74 0.08 1.16
Danlugan Shorea contorta Merr. 5 8.50 3.68 6.14 18.32

Gapas gapas 2.4

Camptostemon philippinense Becc. 4.08 3.68 3.40 11.15

3.17
Gusukan pula Lithocarpus mindanaensis Rehd. 6.46 4.41 9.97 20.84
Gusukan puti Lithocarpus philippinensis 5.86 13.95 5.15 23.84 42.93
Hindang Myrica javanica Blume 3.17 6.46 4.41 4.43 15.31
Hindang dalag Macaranga ovatifolia Merr. 1 0.34 0.74 0.09 1.17

Hindang pula / Sandana Turraea membranacea Merr. 2

0.68 0.74 1.02 2.43
Hunop Serianthes grandiflora Pers. 2.3 2.38 2.21 0.72 5.31
Iba iba Glochidion sp 1 0.68 1.47 0.78 2.93
Kalayaan Shorea squamata Dyer. 1 0.34 0.74 0.15 1.22

38
Kalingag Cinnamomum mercadoi Vid. 3 5.10 3.68 3.67 12.45
Katmon puti Dillenia sp 1 0.34 0.74 0.09 1.16
Lagnob Ficus septica Blume. 1.33 1.36 2.21 0.73 4.30
Loktob Duabanga moluccana Blume. 1 3.06 2.21 6.34 11.61
Malalanzones 1 0.34 0.74 0.35 1.42
Manga manga Mangifera sp 1 0.34 0.74 0.05 1.13
Mangongkong Ixora crassifolia Merr 1 0.34 0.74 0.11 1.18
Nato pula Palaquium luzoniense Vid. 1 0.34 0.74 0.15 1.22
Nato puti Pouteria macrantha Merr. 1 0.34 0.74 1.08 2.16
Pine tree Casuarina sumatrana Jungh. 3.25 4.42 2.94 8.56 15.92
Polayo Syzygium sp 1 0.34 0.74 0.11 1.19

Polayo (Gamay dahon) Syzygium sp 0.34 0.74 1.05 2.13

Polayo pula Syzygium blancoi 1 0.34 0.74 0.30 1.37
polayo puti Syzygium simile Merr. 1 0.34 0.74 0.31 1.38
Sagimsim Syzygium huchinsonii Merr. 1 1.36 2.94 0.83 5.13
Sagimsim puti Syzygium brevistylum Merr. 2 3.40 3.68 1.13 8.21
Salung salung Canarium odontophylum Miq. 2.5 1.70 1.47 0.93 4.10
Santol santol Parinari corymbosa Miq. 1.5 1.70 1.47 0.82 3.99
sp 1 2 2.72 2.94 0.83 6.49
sp 10 2 0.68 1.47 1.25 3.40

sp 2 (bayog) 1
Pterospermum obliquum Blanco 1.36 2.94 0.50 4.80

1
sp 3 (Podo) Phyllocladus hypophyllus Hook. 0.68 1.47 0.15 2.30
sp 5 (bitaog) Calophyllum inophylum L. 1 0.34 0.74 0.07 1.15
sp 6 1 0.34 0.74 0.05 1.13
sp 7 1 0.34 0.74 0.18 1.26
sp 8 1 0.34 0.74 0.07 1.15

39
 sp 9 (Plot 2) 1 1.02 2.21 0.37 3.59
Malakubi Flacourtia rukam Zol. & Mor. 1 0.68 1.47 0.43 2.58
sp b 11 0.34 0.74 0.07 1.15
Tagilima Schefflera alvarezii 2 0.68 0.74 0.34 1.75

Tagilumboy 2.25
Ternstroemia megacarpa Merr. 3.06 2.94 1.75 7.75

1.25
Tal - ot Elaeocarpus grandiflorus Sm. 1.70 2.94 3.11 7.75

Tangile / red lauan Shorea negrosensis Foxw. 2

0.68 0.74 0.39 1.80
Tubog Ficus nota Merr. 1.5 1.02 1.47 0.58 3.07
Tungaw Astronia cumingiana Vid 1 0.34 0.74 0.07 1.14

Tungaw tungaw 3.33

Melastroma malabathricum Merr. 6.80 4.41 0.53 11.74

Tungaw tungaw puti 1

Everettia pulcherrima Merr. 1.02 2.21 0.53 3.76

The diversity of the area was determined using Shannon’s Diversity Index and gave an indication with respect to species variation / eveness. As shown in table 8,
five quadrats have moderate diversity while three are low. Quadrats 1 and 6 showed the highest values indicating diverse species in the area.

40
Table 9. species richness and diversity index
Number
Plot Elevation Dominant Shannon
Coordinates Forest type of
no. (masl) species diversity index
species
Tropical lowland
28
evergreen rain
forest, Lithocarpus
0575321 /
1 1194 intermidiate spp., White 2.887 moderate
0902136 growth lauan

0575032 / Tropical lower Lithocarpus

2 1273 18 2.678 moderate
0902146 montane rain spp
forest, old growth

0574775 / Tropical lower White

3 1318 20 2.665 moderate
0902103 montane rain Lauan
forest, old growth

Tropical lower
0574571 / montane rain Lithocarpus
4 1375 14 2.470 low
0902027 forest, spp
intermidiate
growth
Tropical lower Lithocarpus
05744393 /
5 1450 montane rain spp, 18 2.649 moderate
0902054
forest, old growth Hindang

0574250 / Tropical lower Lithocarpus

6 1467 18 2.702 moderate
0902015 montane rain spp
forest, old growth

0574021 / Tropical upper Lithocarpus

7 1525 12 2.121 low
0902042 montane rain spp
forest, old growth

Tropical lower
0573948 / montane rain Casuarina
8 1550 10 2.181 low
0901956 forest,intermidiate sp.
growth

Among the species recorded, some are categorized as critically endangered under the IUCN
these are Shorea contorta, Shorea squamata, Shorea negrosensis and Shorea polysperma of
Family Dipterocarpaceae. Species that are categorized as vulnerable under the IUCN and DAO-
2007-01 are Agathis philippinensis, Cinnamomum mercadoi, Pouteria macrantha , Palaquium
philippinense and Palaquium luzoniense . There are some species that were listed but not yet
categorized.

41
Table 10. Summary of conservation status
Diversity Status
DAO
Local / Common Name Sci. Name Family Name IUCN
2007-01
Agathis philippinensis
Almaciga v v
Warb. Araucariaceae
Anilaw Colona serratifolia Cav. Tiliaceae listed
Balete Ficus sp Moraceae
Batuan Garcinia sp Clusiaceae
Binte binte Omalanthus sp Euphorbiaceae
Calophyllum blancoi Pl. &
listed
Bitanghol Tr. Clusiaceae
Glochydion camiguinenses
Bunot bunot Merr. Euphiorbiaceae
Cedar / Malaalmaciga Podocarpus blumei Endl. Podocarpaceae listed
Danlugan Shorea contorta Merr. Dipterocarpaceae c.e. v

Gapas gapas Camptostemon

philippinense Becc. Bombacaceae
Lithocarpus mindanaensis
Gusukan pula Rehd. Fagaceae
Gusukan puti Lithocarpus philippinensis Fagaceae listed
Hindang Myrica javanica Blume Myricaceae listed
Hindang dalag Macaranga ovatifolia Merr. Euphorbiaceae listed
Hindang pula / Turraea membranacea
Meliaceae
Sandana Merr.
Serianthes grandiflora
Hunop Fabaceae
Pers.
Iba iba Glochidion sp Euphorbiaceae
Kalayaan Shorea squamata Dyer. Dipterocarpaceae c.e
Cinnamomum mercadoi
v v
Kalingag Vid. Lauraceae
Katmon puti Dillenia sp Dilleniaceae
Lagnob Ficus septica Blume. Moraceae
Duabanga moluccana
Loktob Blume. Sonneraticeae
Malalanzones
Manga manga Mangifera sp Anacardiaceae
Mangongkong Ixora crassifolia Merr Rubiaceae
Nato pula Palaquium luzoniense Vid. Sapotaceae v
Pouteria macrantha
Nato puti listed v
Merr. Sapotaceae
Casuarina sumatrana
listed
Pine tree Jungh. Casuarinaceae
Polayo Syzygium sp Myrtaceae
Polayo (Gamay dahon) Syzygium sp Myrtaceae
Polayo pula Syzygium blancoi Myrtaceae
polayo puti Syzygium simile Merr. Myrtaceae
Syzygium huchinsonii
Sagimsim listed
Merr. Myrtaceae
Syzygium brevistylum
Sagimsim puti
Merr. Myrtaceae
Canarium odontophylum
Salung salung Miq. Burseraceae

42
Santol santol Parinari corymbosa Miq. Amygdalaceae listed
sp 1
sp 10

sp 2 (bayog) Pterospermum obliquum

Blanco Sterculiaceae
Phyllocladus hypophyllus
sp 3 (Podocarpaceae) Hook. Podocarpaceae
sp 5 (bitaog) Calophyllum inophylum L. Clusiaceae
sp 6
sp 7
sp 8
sp 9 (Plot 2)
Flacourtia rukam Zol. &
listed
Malakubi Mor. Flacourtiaceae
sp b
Tagilima Schefflera alvarezii Araliaceae listed
Ternstroemia megacarpa
Tagilumboy
Merr. Theaceae
Elaeocarpus grandiflorus
listed
Tal - ot Sm. Elaocarpaceae
Shorea negrosensis
Tangile / red lauan Dipterocarpaceae c.e v
Foxw.
Tubog Ficus nota Merr. Moraceae listed
Tungaw Astronia cumingiana Vid Melastomataceae
Tungaw tungaw Melastroma malabathricum
Merr. Melastomataceae
Tungaw tungaw puti listed
Everettia pulcherrima Merr. Melastomataceae

Incidental species

Tugas tugas Vitex quinata F.N. Will. Verbenaceae

Palaquium philippinense listed v
lokus C. B. Rob Sapotaceae
Decaspermum fruticosum
Ulingon Forst. Myrtaceae
Macaranga tanarius
Binunga Merr. Euphorbiaceae
lumot (pine tree) Dacrydium elatum Wall. Podocarpaceae
Malakape Canthium dicoccum Merr. Rubiaceae
Pale pale Buchanania sp Anacardiaceae
Tangile (bayabason) Shorea polysperma Merr. Dipterocarpaceae c. e. v
Balaw Vaccinium perrigidum Elm. Ericaceae
Mangosteen ihalas Garcinia sp. Clusiaceae
Hanagdong Trema orientalis Blume Ulmaceae

43
 INDEX
Protected Area: Hoyohoy, Mt Malindang Time:
11
Date 11/13/18 am
Coordinates: Observer(s): Flora Team
N 0575321
E 0902136
Plot No. 1
Vegetation Type: lowland / intermidiate
Elevation: 1194 masl growth forest
GPS Unit: Garmin Montana 680 Weather: cloudy
local / common merchantable
c diameter MH TH Basal area
name volume
Almaciga 88 28 13 18 0.06 0.802
Batuan 66 21 3 7 0.03 0.104
Binti binti 52 17 5 8 0.02 0.108
Danlugan 46 15 6 8 0.02 0.101
Danlugan 78 25 6 10 0.05 0.291
Danlugan 105 33 15 22 0.09 1.317
Danlugan 104 33 7 10 0.09 0.603
Danlugan 93 30 12 16 0.07 0.827
Gapas gapas 34 11 6 8 0.01 0.055
Gusukan pula 150 48 7 12 0.18 1.255
Gusukan puti 59 19 4 7 0.03 0.111
Gusukan puti 75 24 7 10 0.04 0.314
Gusukan puti 123 39 12 20 0.12 1.446
Gusukan puti 91 29 10 15 0.07 0.660
Gusukan puti 37 12 4 9 0.01 0.044
Gusukan puti 74 24 4 10 0.04 0.174
Gusukan puti 89 28 5 9 0.06 0.315
Gusukan puti 45 14 4 8 0.02 0.065
Gusukan puti 94 30 7 11 0.07 0.493
Gusukan puti 105 33 5 11 0.09 0.439
Gusukan puti 126 40 7 11 0.13 0.885
Gusukan puti 139 44 7 11 0.15 1.077
Gusukan puti 105 33 9 13 0.09 0.790
Gusukan puti 130 41 3 9 0.13 0.404
Hindang 61 19 3 7 0.03 0.089
Hindang 40 13 3 8 0.01 0.038
Hindang dalag 42 13 3 6 0.01 0.042
Hindang pula /
122 39 12 21 0.12 1.423
Sandana
Hindang pula /
66 21 3 7 0.03 0.104
Sandana
Hunop 33 11 3 5 0.01 0.026
Iba iba 108 34 11 14 0.09 1.022
kaningag 51 16 4 8 0.02 0.083
Kaningag 107 34 5 8 0.09 0.456
Kaningag 108 34 8 12 0.09 0.743
Kaningag 92 29 3 8 0.07 0.202
Katmon puti 41 13 3 6 0.01 0.040
Malalanzones 81 26 6 12 0.05 0.314

44
Mangongkong 45 14 4 7 0.02 0.065
Nato pula 53 17 6 11 0.02 0.134
Nato puti 143 46 10 14 0.16 1.629
Polayo 46 15 3 8 0.02 0.051
Polayo pula 75 24 4 8 0.04 0.179
Sagimsim 35 11 5 8 0.01 0.049
Sagimsim puti 31 10 3 5 0.01 0.023
Sagimsim puti 38 12 3 8 0.01 0.035
sp 1 38 12 4 10 0.01 0.046
sp 2 36 11 3 6 0.01 0.031
Tagilumboy 33 11 3 6 0.01 0.026
Tagilumboy 55 18 3 7 0.02 0.072
Tagilumboy 47 15 4 10 0.02 0.070
Tagilumboy 91 29 5 9 0.07 0.330
Tangile 53 17 7 9 0.02 0.157
Tangile 67 21 5 12 0.04 0.179
Tungaw tungaw
44 14 6 10 0.02 0.093
puti
Tungaw tungaw 58 18 3 6 0.03 0.080
total 2.85 20.51

45
Protected Area: Hoyohoy, Mt Malindang Time:
Date: 11/13/17 8 am
Coordinates: Observer(s): Flora Team
N 05750437
Plot No. 2 E 0902147
Vegetation Type: lowland montane / old
Elevation: 1274 masl growth forest
GPS Unit: Garmin Montana 680 Weather: cloudy

local /
diameter basal
common c mh th volume
(cm) area
name
Sagimsim puti 43 14 6 10 0.0147 0.0884
Salung salung 33 11 4 8 0.0087 0.0347
Gusukan pula 53 17 6 10 0.0224 0.1343
Gusukan pula 90 29 8 12 0.0645 0.5162
Gusukan pula 118 38 7 11 0.1109 0.7764
Danlugan 50 16 8 10 0.0199 0.1593
Gapas gapas 70 22 7 9 0.0390 0.2732
Salung salung 42 13 6 9 0.0141 0.0843
Hindang 75 24 8 12 0.0448 0.3585
Gusukan puti 105 33 11 15 0.0878 0.9661
Sal-ot 52 17 6 10 0.0215 0.1292
Gusukan puti 120 38 12 16 0.1147 1.3765
Kaningag 35 11 5 10 0.0098 0.0488
Tungaw
34 11 3 6 0.0092
tungaw 0.0276
sp 1 41 13 4 8 0.0134 0.0536
sp 1 51 16 6 12 0.0207 0.1243
Danlugan 62 20 8 15 0.0306 0.2450
Gapas gapas 44 14 4 6 0.0154 0.0617
sp 2 41 13 4 8 0.0134 0.0536
Gusukan puti 59 19 5 9 0.0277 0.1386
Danlugan 151 48 8 12 0.1816 1.4530
Bitanghol 33 11 6 12 0.0087 0.0520
sp 1 45 14 4 8 0.0161 0.0645
Hindang 30 10 5 8 0.0072 0.0358
Gusukan puti 157 50 8 12 0.1964 1.5708
Tungaw
36 11 4 7 0.0103
tungaw 0.0413
Tagilumboy 55 18 6 8 0.0241 0.1446
sp 1 38 12 4 8 0.0115 0.0460
Kaningag 93 30 8 12 0.0689 0.5512
sp 3 32 10 4 12 0.0082 0.0326
sp 1 36 11 4 6 0.0103 0.0413
Danlugan 38 12 6 8 0.0115 0.0690
Anilaw 53 17 4 9 0.0224 0.0895
Gusukan puti 85 27 8 15 0.0576 0.4604
Gapas gapas 98 31 6 12 0.0765 0.4590
Manga manga 31 10 3 6 0.0077 0.0230
Gapas gapas 76 24 8 15 0.0460 0.3681
Anilaw 41 13 3 8 0.0134 0.0402

46
Hindang 43 14 6 10 0.0147 0.0884
Hindang 38 12 4 10 0.0115 0.0460
Hunop 40 13 3 6 0.0127 0.0382
Gapas gapas 86 27 3 6 0.0589 0.1767
Hindang 115 37 7 10 0.1053 0.7374
total 1.6848 12.2794

47
Protected Area: Hoyohoy, Mt Malindang Date: 11/13/17
Coordinates: Observer(s): Flora Team
N 0574775
Plot No.3 E 0902103
Vegetation Type: lowland montane /
Elevation: 1318 masl old growth forest
GPS Unit: Garmin Montana 680 Weather: cloudy

local /
c Diameter (cm) mh th Basal Area Volume
common name
Bente bente 130 41 12 18 0.1346 1.6155
Danlugan 56 18 10 14 0.0250 0.2498
Danlugan 31 10 4 15 0.0077 0.0306
Danlugan 57 18 10 15 0.0259 0.2588
Danlugan 31 10 4 10 0.0077 0.0306
Danlugan 89 28 7 12 0.0631 0.4417
Danlugan 92 29 67 12 0.0674 4.5173
Danlugan 55 18 6 10 0.0241 0.1446
Danlugan 46 15 7 15 0.0169 0.1180
Danlugan 44 14 4 10 0.0154 0.0617
Danlugan 62 20 7 12 0.0306 0.2143
Gapas gapas 109 35 9 15 0.0946 0.8518
Gapas gapas 55 18 5 12 0.0241 0.1205
Gusokan 75 24 7 14 0.0448 0.3137
Gusokan 50 16 6 12 0.0199 0.1195
Gusokan 127 40 7 14 0.1285 0.8994
Gusokan 59 19 6 12 0.0277 0.1664
Hindang 32 10 5 10 0.0082 0.0408
Hindang 34 11 3 10 0.0092 0.0276
Hunop 45 14 8 10 0.0161 0.1290
Hunop 41 13 3 11 0.0134 0.0402
Hunop 46 15 2 10 0.0169 0.0337
Hunop 59 19 3 12 0.0277 0.0832
Hunop 41 13 5 15 0.0134 0.0670
Pine tree
98 31 10 18 0.0765
(Agoho) 0.7650
Pine tree
158 50 12 18 0.1989
(Agoho) 2.3863
Pine tree
148 47 10 18 0.1745
(Agoho) 1.7448
Sagimsim 38 12 4 10 0.0115 0.0460
Sagimsim puti 35 11 5 10 0.0098 0.0488
Sagimsim puti 53 17 3 10 0.0224 0.0671
sp 10 44 14 3 10 0.0154 0.0463
Santol santol 34 11 4 8 0.0092 0.0368
sp 5 37 12 3 8 0.0109 0.0327
sp 6 31 10 4 12 0.0077 0.0306
sp 7 59 19 3 8 0.0277 0.0832
sp 8 37 12 3 8 0.0109 0.0327
sp 9 31 10 3 10 0.0077 0.0230
Tagilima 55 18 4 10 0.0241 0.0964

48
Tagilima 58 18 6 12 0.0268 0.1608
Tal ot 48 15 6 12 0.0184 0.1101
Tungaw 36 11 5 12 0.0103 0.0516
Tungaw
32 10 5 8 0.0082
tungaw 0.0408
Tungaw
38 12 4 11 0.0115
tungaw 0.0460
Tungaw
84 27 6 12 0.0562
tungaw 0.3372
Tungaw
44 14 4 18 0.0154
tungaw 0.0617
Tungaw
43 14 3 10 0.0147
tungaw 0.0442
1.6314 16.8678

49
Protected Area: Hoyohoy, Mt Malindang Date: 11/14/17
Coordinates: Observer(s): Flora Team
N 0574571
E 0902027
Plot No.4 Vegetation Type: lowland montane /
Elevation: 1375 masl intermidiate growth forest
GPS Unit: Garmin Montana
680 Weather: cloudy

local / common Diameter

d mh th remarks Basal Area Volume
name (cm)
Anilaw 131 42 7 15 0.1367 0.9569
Bente bente 164 52 6 18 0.2142 1.2855
Bitanghol 63 20 9 15 0.0316 0.2845
Danlugan 31 10 7 14 0.0077 0.0536
Danlugan 41 13 6 14 0.0134 0.0803
Danlugan 42 13 5 10 0.0141 0.0703
Gusokan pula 140 45 4 10 0.1561 0.6245
Gusokan pula 85 27 7 10 0.0576 0.4029
Gusokan pula 165 53 5 15 0.2169 1.0844
Gusokan puti 171 54 8 18 0.2329 1.8634
Gusokan puti 68 22 17 18 0.0368 0.6262
Gusokan puti 71 23 9 19 0.0402 0.3614
Hindang 45 14 4 8 0.0161 0.0645
Hindang 78 25 9 16 0.0485 0.4362
Hindang 157 50 9 15 0.1964 1.7672
Hindang 95 30 4 10 0.0719 0.2876
Kalayaan 53 17 10 15 0.0224 0.2238
Lagnob 40 13 6 16 0.0127 0.0765
Polayo (Gamay
141 45 6 18 0.1584
dahon) 0.9502
Salung salung 92 29 7 14 0.0674 0.4720
Salung salung 61 19 7 12 0.0296 0.2075
Salung salung 50 16 6 12 0.0199 0.1195
sp 1 59 19 4 8 0.0277 0.1109
sp 2 49 16 3 6 0.0191 0.0574
sp 9 (Plot 2) 66 21 4 10 0.0347 0.1388
total 1.8830 12.6058

50
Protected Area: Hoyohoy, Mt Malindang Date: 11/14/17
Coordinates: Observer(s): Flora Team
N 05744393
E 0902054
Plot No.5 Elevation: 1450 Vegetation Type: lowland montane / old growth
masl forest
GPS Unit: Garmin
Montana 680 Weather: sunny

local /
Diameter Basal
common c mh th remarks volume
(cm) Area
name
Bitanghol 32 10 3 8 0.0082 0.0245
Danlugan 53 17 5 10 0.0224 0.1119
Danlugan 37 12 3 6 0.0109 0.0327
Danlugan 49 16 6 10 0.0191 0.1148
Gusokan puti 101 32 9 18 0.0813 0.7313
Gusukan puti 125 40 10 18 0.1245 1.2447
Gusukan puti 105 33 6 14 0.0878 0.5269
Gusukan puti 42 13 4 7 0.0141 0.0562
Gusukan puti 45 14 4 6 0.0161 0.0645
Hindang 35 11 6 14 0.0098 0.0585
Hindang 30 10 5 8 0.0072 0.0358
Hindang 69 22 8 12 0.0379 0.3034
Hindang 33 11 3 15 0.0087 0.0260
Hindang 47 15 6 10 0.0176 0.1056
Iba iba 56 18 4 15 0.0250 0.0999
Kalingag 33 11 6 10 0.0087 0.0520
Kalingag 69 22 9 15 0.0379 0.3413
Kalingag 33 11 4 10 0.0087 0.0347
Kalingag 30 10 4 12 0.0072 0.0287
Loktob 52 17 5 10 0.0215 0.1077
Loktob 97 31 8 16 0.0750 0.5996
Loktob 71 23 5 16 0.0402 0.2008
Pine tree 125 40 4 10 0.1245 0.4979
Pine tree 66 21 6 12 0.0347 0.2082
Pine tree 112 36 10 18 0.0999 0.9992
Pine tree 120 38 9 18 0.1147 1.0324
Pine tree 110 35 12 18 0.0964 1.1566
Pine tree 112 36 10 16 0.0999 0.9992
Sagimsim 63 20 4 10 0.0316 0.1265
sp 1 41 13 3 10 0.0134 0.0402
rutaceae (bugawak
147 47 6 12
Sp 10 smell 0.1721 1.0328
sp 2 63 20 4 10 0.0316 0.1265
sp 3 43 14 5 12 0.0147 0.0736
Santol santol 53 17 5 12 0.0224 0.1119
sp 9 40 13 4 12 plot3 0.0127 0.0510
Tagilumboy 61 19 6 12 0.0296 0.1778
Tal-ot 86 27 7 11 0.0589 0.4124
Tal-ot 100 32 8 14 0.0797 0.6373

51
Tungaw
46 15 3 7
tungaw 0.0169 0.0506
Tungaw
31 10 3 8
tungaw 0.0077 0.0230
Tungaw
41 13 3 10
tungaw 0.0134 0.0402
total 1.7643 12.6988

52
Protected Area: Hoyohoy, Mt Malindang Date: 11/15/17
Coordinates: Observer(s): Flora Team
N 0574250
Plot No. 6 E 0902015
Vegetation Type: lowland montane / old
Elevation: 1467 masl growth forest
GPS Unit: Garmin Montana 680 Weather: sunny

local / common Diameter Basal

c mh th remarks Volume
name (cm) Area
Anilaw 53 17 5 10 0.0224 0.1119
Balete 300 96 3 18 0.7169 2.1508
Bitanghol 170 54 8 16 0.2302 1.8417
Bunot bunot 39 12 4 8 0.0121 0.0485
Cedar 39 12 6 10 softw 0.0121 0.0727
Gapas gapas 58 18 6 14 0.0268 0.1608
Gapas gapas 40 13 4 16 0.0127 0.0510
Gusokan pula 66 21 6 16 0.0347 0.2082
Gusukan pula 66 21 6 13 0.0347 0.2082
Gusukan puti 194 62 9 14 0.2998 2.6982
Gusukan puti 32 10 4 1 0.0082 0.0326
Kalingag 64 20 4 12 0.0326 0.1305
Kalingag 35 11 3 10 0.0098 0.0293
Kalingag 88 28 7 12 0.0617 0.4318
Lagnob 38 12 3 12 0.0115 0.0345
loktob 100 32 6 14 0.0797 0.4780
Loktob 123 39 6 11 0.1205 0.7231
Pine tree 77 25 8 16 darkgreen 0.0472 0.3778
Sagimsim 95 30 4 9 0.0719 0.2876
Sagimsim puti 37 12 6 12 0.0109 0.0654
Tal - ot 57 18 5 10 0.0259 0.1294
Tubog 45 14 6 11 0.0161 0.0968
Tubog 43 14 5 12 0.0147 0.0736
Tungaw tungaw 72 23 3 10 0.0413 0.1239
Tungaw tungaw 56 18 3 10 0.0250 0.0749
Tungaw tungaw 79 25 3 10 0.0497 0.1491
Tungaw tungaw 78 25 3 10 0.0485 0.1454
Tungaw tungaw 78 25 3 10 0.0485 0.1454
Tungaw tungaw 32 10 3 10 0.0082 0.0245
Tungaw tungaw
2 1 3 10
puti 0.0000 0.0001
total 2.1343 11.1057

53
Protected Area: Hoyohoy, Mt Malindang Date: 11/15/17
Coordinates: Observer(s): Flora Team
N 0574021
Plot No. 7 E 0902042
Vegetation Type: upper montane / old
Elevation: 1525 masl growth forest
GPS Unit: Garmin Montana 680 Weather: sunny

local / common Basal

c Diameter mh th remarks Volume
name Area
Almaciga 61 19 6 15 0.0296 0.1778
Gapas gapas 116 37 2 14 0.1072 0.2144
Gusukan pula 126 40 6 12 0.1265 0.7588
Gusukan pula 81 26 8 16 0.0523 0.4181
Gusukan pula 100 32 8 12 0.0797 0.6373
Gusukan pula 78 25 4 12 0.0485 0.1939
Gusukan pula 131 42 6 12 0.1367 0.8202
Gusukan pula 117 37 6 14 0.1090 0.6543
Gusukan puti 55 18 5 12 0.0241 0.1205
Gusukan puti 47 15 4 8 0.0176 0.0704
Gusukan puti 98 31 6 11 0.0765 0.4590
Gusukan puti 136 43 7 13 0.1473 1.0314
Gusukan puti 45 14 5 8 0.0161 0.0807
Gusukan puti 56 18 8 12 0.0250 0.1998
Gusukan puti 175 56 6 12 0.2440 1.4637
Gusukan puti 135 43 10 16 0.1452 1.4518
Gusukan puti 128 41 4 12 0.1305 0.5220
Gusukan puti 71 23 4 10 0.0402 0.1606
Hindang 34 11 3 12 0.0092 0.0276
Kalingag 48 15 4 10 0.0184 0.0734
Kalingag 45 14 6 12 0.0161 0.0968
polayo puti 76 24 4 12 0.0460 0.1840
Sagimsim puti 71 23 5 11 0.0402 0.2008
Sagimsim puti 55 18 8 13 0.0241 0.1928
Sagimsim puti 41 13 2 6 0.0134 0.0268
Sagimsim puti 44 14 4 12 0.0154 0.0617
Santol santol 61 19 8 14 0.0296 0.2371
Santol santol 69 22 5 10 0.0379 0.1896
sp a 71 23 6 10 malakubi 0.0402 0.2409
sp b 37 12 3 12 0.0109 0.0327
Tagilumboy 84 27 6 16 0.0562 0.3372
Tagilumboy 38 12 4 10 0.0115 0.0460
Tagilumboy 56 18 6 14 0.0250 0.1499
total 1.9500 11.5321

54
Protected Area: Hoyohoy, Mt Malindang Date: 11/16/17
Coordinates: Observer(s): Flora Team
N 0573948
E 0901956
Plot No. 8 Vegetation Type: upper montane / intermidiate
Elevation: 1550 masl growth forest
GPS Unit: Garmin
Montana 680 Weather: sunny

local / common Diameter Basal

c mh th remarks Volume
name (cm) Area

Anilaw 44 14 6 12 0.0154 0.0925

Anilaw 45 14 3 10 0.0161 0.0484
Gusukan puti 125 40 7 10 0.1245 0.8713
Gusukan puti 120 38 8 16 0.1147 0.9177
Lagnob 74 24 2 14 0.0436 0.0872
Lagnob 73 23 2 6 0.0424 0.0849
Loktob 96 31 4 9 0.0734 0.2937
Loktob 162 52 6 18 0.2091 1.2543
Loktob 190 61 5 20 0.2876 1.4378
Loktob 77 25 4 10 0.0472 0.1889
Pine tree 94 30 4 8 blue 0.0704 0.2815
Pine tree 72 23 9 14 blue 0.0413 0.3717
Pine tree 116 37 6 14 blue 0.1072 0.6431
Santol santol 64 20 3 8 0.0326 0.0979
sp a 55 18 4 10 rutaceae/bugawak 0.0241 0.0964
Tubog 84 27 6 12 0.0562 0.3372
Tungaw tungaw 47 15 4 8 0.0176 0.0704
Tungaw tungaw 104 33 4 12 0.0862 0.3446
Tungaw tungaw 44 14 3 10 0.0154 0.0463
Tungaw tungaw
54 17 5 10
puti 0.0232 0.1161
Total 1.4483 7.6820

55
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programmes in future.

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Pictures of field equipment

Traps ….. containers …

Old newspapers, rubber bands … sealed zipped locked packs….

Mist nets ….

Nylons, straws …. record books, notebooks, pencils, etc

Pictures during MMRNP BAMS activity

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on their way … Camp briefing

measuring length and other data …. work break….

recording, photographing …below mist net setting more recording … more data

at 0M

at 500 meters

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t 750 meters

at 1 000 meters

at 1250 meter

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at 1750 meters

at 2000 meters

Other pics:

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