Biosintesis & Metabolisme Asam Amino

BIS3201-Fisiologi
(Week-6)

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Berdasarkan prekursor yang sama:
• Glutamate or -ketoglutarate family:
ʟ-glutamate, ʟ-glutamine, ʟ-proline, ʟ-arginine, ʟ-lysine
• Aspartate & pyruvate families:
ʟ-aspartate, ʟ-asparagine, ʟ-threonine, ʟ-methionine,
ʟ-isoleucine, ʟ-alanine, ʟ-valine, ʟ-leucine
• Serine-glycine family:
ʟ-serine, ʟ-glycine, ʟ-cysteine
• Aromatic amino acid family:
ʟ-phenylalanine, ʟ-tryptophane, ʟ-tyrosine
• Histidine family:
ʟ-histidine

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Glutamate or -
ketoglutarate family:
Glutamat adalah asam amino penting
yangterlibat dalam pembentukan
ammonia
 Pada S. enterica dan E. coli, δ-
aminolevulinic acid (ALA) yang
merupakan prekursor tetrapyrrole
(heme), berasal dari glutamate.

Biosynthesis:
 ʟ-glutamate + NH3 + ATP + enzim
glutamine synthase  ʟ-glutamine
 ʟ-glutamate + enzim ProB + ProA + ProC
 ʟ-proline
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 Glutamate or -
ketoglutarate family:
Biosynthesis:
ʟ-glutamate+ enzim ArgA + ArgB
+ArgC + ArgD + ArgE + ArgF + ArgG
+ ArgH + ʟ-glutamate + ʟ-aspartate 
ʟ-arginine + -ketoglutarate

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 Glutamate or -
ketoglutarate family:
Biosynthesis of lysine in yeast
& molds:
-ketoglutarate + acetyl-CoA
MMM_Mar_2017 5
Glutamate or -
ketoglutarate family:
Biosynthesis α-ketoglutarate:
dari jalur glikosis dan siklus
TCA

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ʟ-arginine
catabolic pathway:
Arginase pathway/aerobic
pathway:
 ʟ-arginine + enzim RocF
+ RocD + RocA – urea - ʟ-
glutamate  ʟ-glutamate

Arginine succinyltransferase
(AST) pathway:
 ʟ-arginine + enzim AstA +
AstB + AstC + AstD + AstE +
succinyl-CoA - ʟ-glutamate
 ʟ-glutamate
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 Aspartate &
pyruvate families:
Biosynthesis of ʟ-aspartate:
Pyruvate + ATP + HCO3_ +
PVC1 + PVC2  Oxaloacetic
acid + ʟ-glutamate + AAT2
+ AAT1  ʟ-aspartate

TCA cycle in
aerobic respiration

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Aspartate &
pyruvate families:
Biosynthesis of ʟ-asparagine & ʟ-
threonine:
ʟ-aspartate+ NH3+ ATP +
enzimAsnA  ʟ-asparagine
ʟ-aspartate+ ʟ-glutamine +
ATP+ enzim AsnB  ʟ-
glutamate + ʟ-asparagine
ʟ-aspartate+ ATP + NADPH
+enzim ThrA + MetL + LysC +
Asd homoserine+ ThrB +
ThrCʟ-threonine
 
pyruvate + NH2 ʟ-alanine
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Aspartate &
pyruvate families:
Biosynthesis of ʟ-methionine:
homoserine+ succinyl-CoA + H2S
+enzim MetA + MetB + MetE +
MetH + 5-Me-THF  ʟ-methionine

Serine + THF + enzim GlyA + MetF +


FADH2 5-Me-THF
homoserine+ succinyl-CoA + ʟ-
cysteine – succinate + MetB – NH
– pyruvate + MetC + MetE +
MetH3+ 5-Me-THF  ʟ-methionine

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Aspartate &
pyruvate families:
Biosynthesis ʟ-isoleucine, ʟ-valine
& ʟ-leucine:
ʟ-threonine+ IlvA–NH3+
IlvB +IlvG+ NADPH + IlvC – H2O

+ IlvD + NH2 + IlvE ʟ-isoleucine
pyruvate+ IlvB + IlvG+ NADPH+ IlvC
– H2O + IlvD  -keto--methylvalerate +

NH2 + IlvE
ʟ-valine
 -keto-
-methylvalerate + acetyl-CoA +
LeuA + LeuC + LeuD + LeuB +
NAD+ - CO2 + NH2 + IlvE + TyrB
 ʟ-leucine

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Serine-glycine family:
Biosynthesis glycine, ʟ-serine & ʟ-cysteine:
+
 3-phosphoglycerate (PGA) + NAD + SerA

+ NH2 + SerC – Pi + SerB ʟ-serine – HCO
+ glyA  glycine
 ʟ-serine + acetyl-CoA + CysE – acetate
+ CysK + CysM  ʟ-cysteine

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Aromatic amino
acid pathway:
Biosynthesis of phenylalanine,
tryptophan, tyrosine:
 PEP + E-4-P + AroF + AroG + AroH +
AroB + AroD + AroE + NADPH + ATP +
AroL + PEP + AroA  chorismate +
TyrA + PheA + TyrA + TyrB  tyrosine
 chorismate + TyrA + PheA + PheA
+ TyrB  phenylalanine
 chorismate + TrpE + TrpD + PRPP +
TrpC + TrpC + TrpA + serine – G-3-P
+ TrpB  tryptophan

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 Aromatic amino acid pathway:
Biosynthesis PEP (phosphoenolpyruvate) Biosynthesis E-4-P (erythrose-4-phosphate)
dari Tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA): dari oxidative pentose phosphate cycle:

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Histidine
biosynthesis:
PRPP + ATP + HisG + HisE +
H2O + HisI + HisA + HisH -
H2O + HisB + HisC + HisB – P

+ NADH2 + HisD histidine

PRPP (phosphoribosyl
pyrophosphate) dibentuk
dalam purine biosynthesis
pathway

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 Baca & pelajari:

1. Proses pembentukan heme, suatu subunit molekul pembentuk

hemoglobin pada manusia.
2. Proses pembentukan tetrahydrofolate (THF) yang berfungsi sebagai
kofaktor berbagai reaksi pembentukan asam amino dan asam nukleat.
3. Proses pembentukan ubiquinone (koenzim Q), suatu molekul dalam
rantai transport elektron yang bekerja pada membran dalam mitokondria.

Moat, A.G., Foster, J.W. & Spector, M.P. 2002. Microbial Physiology, 4th ed.
Wiley-Liss, Inc., New York. (p. 503 – 541).

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