MECHANIZED

CONSTRUCTION

BY
VINEELA KAGITHA
(12071A01B4)
 INTRODUCTION
Mechanization or mechanisation is the process of changing from working
largely or exclusively by hand or with animals to doing that work with
machinery.
• A project comprises various activities of diverse nature. Execution of each
activity should be planned meticulously to ensure sequential execution in
time.
• There is no alternative to adopting mechanized construction methods to
achieve more in less time.
• Once the decision of deployment of construction equipment is taken ,
required construction equipment need to be identified.
• Example : earthmoving construction equipment , handling and lifting
equipment's, aggregate and concrete production equipment.
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
A construction project may be of two types:
• Linear project (involving concept, design, procurement, and construction)-
traditional approach
• Fast-tracked project- design and build
• On a fast tracked job, design and construction being almost
simultaneously. Construction work is started even when the design
engineers are working on the foundations of the structures.
• This happens when the completion time is considered as sacrosanct
and competitive bidding is not essential
• Design and construction work are set on parallel tracks.
Disadvantage of fast-tracked project are:
a) Input for designing may not be available in time as a result of which
reconstruction may be necessary to comply with the input when received ,
and
b) Less control over costs

In both cases, intent of planning and implementation should be:

• Construction of cost should not exceed the budget

• Quality of executed work has to conform to the specifications, drawings,

codes, etc.

• Time of execution has to remain within the agreed construction time schedule.
DEPLOYMENT OF CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT
The cost of construction is a major factor in all projects, therefore there
many factors influencing the construction cost such as labour, material,
construction equipment, profit etc. costs of construction equipment
ranges from 25% to 40% of total project cost.
Deployment of construction equipment is done for the reasons as
mentioned below:
• Larger output
• Cost-effective implementation
• For execution of work that is not feasible by manual efforts or when
deployment of construction equipment may help in doing the work
more cost efficiently.
• To reduce the amount of heavy manual work which would cause
fatigue, thereby allowing manual efforts to be more productive.

• Large output can be maintained even if there is a shortage of skilled

and semi skilled manpower( as operators of construction equipment
are of different category)

• Precision in implementation is required by sophisticated design

engineering- such precision can be maintained by using modern
construction equipment equipped with software controls
EQUIPMENT ON LEASE
• Mechanization is based on rented construction equipment is cost
effective. construction equipment when rented can be exactly to match
the requirement.
• For rented equipment, time to make the equipment ready for operation
is important
for example: truck mounted telescopic jib crane, truck mounted strut-
boom crane, tower crane
• Truck mounted strut boom crane needs time for assembling jib for
heavy duty work
• Telescopic jib cranes are better in this respect as very short period of
time is required to prepare for the deployment on arrival at the
construction site.
• The main advantage of a tower crane is that its jib is supported at the top
of a tall tower, which may be set at a sufficient height to clear all possible
obstruction.

truck mounted telescopic jib crane

Truck mounted strut boom crane Tower crane
EQUIPMENT SELECTION
Selecting the appropriate equipment for the job ideally forms part of the
construction planning process and should be chosen for performing any
particular task only after analysis of many interrelated factors.
The important points for consideration are:
1. Function to be performed
2. Capacity of the equipment
3. Method of operation
4. Limitations of the method
5. Costs of the method
6. Cost comparison with other methods
7. Possible modification
RENT OR PURCHASE
• Once the strategy of implementation is finalized and construction
equipment , machineries are selected. Every executing agency has the
clear option of purchasing or renting or a combination of partly
purchasing and partly renting the selected construction equipment and
machineries.
• For an executing agency, purchasing of construction equipment and
machineries would be advantageous for the reasons as fallows:
• Construction equipment and machineries would be available at all
times for deployment
• These resources could be used in other projects are required according
to the conceived programme.
• Cost of such resources could be apportioned among different
contracts.
Renting construction equipment and machineries would be
advantageous in some other way for the reasons as mentioned below:

• Construction equipment and machineries could be rented as and when

required for a calculating period of time

• Hiring agencies are responsible for repair, replacement, and even

operation depending on the contractual period

• On completion of the hiring period, the executing agency would be

liability free of the rented items
NEED FOR MECHANIZATION IN CONSTRUCTION
INDUSTRY

• The work can be done speedily.

• The work can be done in time.
• Large quantity of materials can be handled , so the size of the project
can be increased
• The complex projects involving high grade material.
• High quality standards can be maintained.
• Time schedule can be kept.
• Optimum use of material ,man power and finance.
• Due to shortage of skilled and efficient man power.
COMMONLY USED CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENTS

• Earth moving equipment's

• Hauling equipment's
• Hoisting equipment
• Conveying equipment
• Aggregate and concrete production equipment
• Pile driving equipment
• Tunnelling and rock drilling equipment
• Pumping and de- watering equipment
THANK YOU