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4 Projectile Motion

Introductory Exercise 4.1

1
1. A particle projected at any angle with = 80 − × 10 × 22 = 60 m
horizontal will always move in a plane 2
and thus projectile motion is a ∴ v = v2x + v2y
2-dimensional motion. The statement is
thus false. = 402 + 202
2. At high speed the projectile may go to a = 20 5 m/s
place where acceleration due to gravity v y 20
tan φ = =
has some different value and as such the vx 40
motion may not be uniform accelerated. 1
The statement is thus true. i.e., φ = tan −1  
 2
3. See article 4.1.
s = s2x + s2y
4. u = 40 2 m/s, θ = 45°
= 802 + 602
As horizontal acceleration would be zero.
vy v = 100 m
φ
sy
uy vx
tan α =
u B sx
α sy g 60
=
A ux 80
sx
3
i.e., α = tan −1  
vx = ux = u cos θ = 40 m/s  4
sx = ux t = (u cos θ) t = 80 m 1
5. s y = u y t + ( − g) t2
A : position of particle at time = 0. 2
1 2
B : position of particle at time = t. or s y = (u sin θ) t − gt
2
As vertical acceleration would be − g 1 2
or 15 = 20t − gt
v y = u y − gt 2
= u sin θ = gt or t2 = 4 t + 3 = 0
= 40 − 20 i.e., t = 1 s and 3 s
= 20 m/s 6. See figure to the answer to question no. 4.
1
s y = u y ⋅ t − gt2 u = 40 m/s, θ = 60°
2
∴ ux = 40 cos 60° = 20 m/s

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52 | Mechanics-1
Thus, vx = ux = 20 m/s → ^ ^
10. r = [3 t i + ( 4 t − 5t2 ) j] m
As φ = 45°
vy y-coordinate will be zero when
tan φ = =1 4 t − 5t2 = 0
vx
4
i.e., t = 0 s, s
∴ y y = vx = 20 m/s 5
Thus, v = v2x + v2y = vx 2 t = 0 belongs to the initial point of
projection of the particle.
= 20 2 m/s →
∴ r = 0 ^i m
Before reaching highest point
i.e., x = 0m
v y = u y + ( − g) t
At t = 0.8 s,
∴ 20 = 40 sin 60° − 10 t →
or 2=2 3 − t r = 2.4 ^i m
⇒ t = 2 ( 3 − 1) s i.e., x = 2.4 m
After attaining highest point 11. vx = ux = 10 m/s
− 20 = 40 3 − 10t v
u = 20 m/s φ
i.e., −2=2 3 − t vx
or t = 2 ( 3 + 1) s
Range 60°
7. Average velocity =
Time of flight ux = 20 cos 60°
u2 sin 2α / g
= = 10 m/s
2 u sin α / g
vx = ux = 10 m/s
2 u2 sin α cos α g
= × vx = v cos φ
g 2 u sin α v
⇒ cos φ = x
= ucos α v
8. Change in velocity 10
=
v
+ u sin α u
t=T 10 20
= [as, v = (given)]
10 2
α u sin α
u cos α α =1
i.e., φ = 0°
– u sin α u ∴ Speed will be half of its initial value at
= ( − u sin α) − ( + u sin α) the highest point where φ = 0°.
= − 2usin α u sin θ
Thus, t=
= 2usin α (downward) g
9. Formulae for R, T and H max will be same 20 sin 60°
= = 3s
if the projection point and the point where 10
the particle lands are same and lie on a
horizontal line.

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Projectile Motion 53
Introductory Exercise 4.2
1. Time of flight 10 3
= ×
vx 3 2
vy = 5 m/s
vnet
u
3. Let the particle collide at time t.
v 2
α
β u
α = 60°
β = 30° 1 θ
u = 10 m/s2
h
g = 10 m/s2
10 m
2u sin (α − β)
T=
g cos β
x1 x2
(2 × 10 sin(60° − 30° ) d
=
10 cos 30°
2 x1 = (u cos θ) t
= s and x2 = v t
3
∴ d = x2 − x1
Using, v = u + at
= (v + u cos θ) t
vx = ux = u cos 60°
1 = [10 + 10 2 cos 45° ] t = 20 t
= 10 × = 5 m/s 1
2 Using equation, s = ut + at2
2
v y = u y + ( − g) T
For vertical motion of particle 1 :
= u sin 60° − gT 1
h − 10 = (u sin θ) t + ( − g) t2
3 2 2
= 10 − 10 1
2 3 i.e., h = 10 + (u sin θ) t − gt2 …(i)
3 − 4 2
= 10   1
2 3  or h − 10 + 10 t − gt2
2
5
=− m/s For the vertical motion of particle 2 :
3 1
20 − h = gt2
vnet = v2x + v2y 2
1
−5
2 i.e., h = 20 − gt2 …(ii)
= 52 +   2
 3
Comparing Eqs. (i) and (ii),
1 1 1
=5 1+ 10 + 10 t − g t2 = 20 − g t2
3 2 2
10 ⇒ t = 1s
= m/s
3 ∴ d = 20 m
2. Component of velocity perpendicular to 4. u = 10 m/s
plane v = 5 2 m/s
= vnet cos β v
u
10
= × cos 30° θ φ
3 A B
d

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54 | Mechanics-1
θ = 30° u = 40 m/s
φ = 45° α = 60°
d = 15 m β = 30°
Let the particles meet (or are in the same g = 10 m/s 2
vertical time t). ∴ φ=β
∴ d = (u cos θ) t + (v cos φ) t vx = ux = u cos α
⇒ 15 = (10 cos 30° + 5 2 cos 45° ) t vx = v cos φ = v cos β
or 15 = (5 3 + 5) t or u cos α = v cos β
3 u cos α 40 cos 60°
or t= s ⇒ v= =
3 +1 cos β cos 30°
= 1.009 s 1
40  
Now, let us find time of flight of A and B  2
=
2 u sin θ 3
TA =
g 2
40
= 1s = m/s
3
As TA < t, particle A will touch ground
before the expected time t of collision. 7. (a) At time t, vertical displacement of A
∴ Ans : NO. = Vertical displacement of B
5. For range to be maximum
/s time t
m
20
u =
vA vB = 10 m/s
a = – 10 m/s2
α β = 30° = π
6
A
x B
π β
α= + 1 2 1
4 2 (v A sin θ) t − gt = vB t − gt2
π π/6 2 2
= +
4 2 i.e., v A sin θ = vB
π vB
= sin θ =
3 vA
= 60° 10 1
→
= =
6. At point A velocity ( v) of the particle will 20 2
be parallel to the inclined plane. ∴ θ = 30°
A
(b) x = (v A cos θ) t
v 1
A φ = (20 cos 30° ) ×
2
u
=5 3 m
α
β

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Projectile Motion 55
AIEEE Corner
Subjective Questions (Level 1)
u2 sin 2θ (20 2)2 sin 90° or T2 − 4 T − 8 = 0
1. (a) R = =
g 10 − ( −4) + ( −4)2 − 4(1)( −8)
∴ T=
= 80 m 2 (1)
2 2 2 2
u sin θ (20 2) sin 45° Leaving − ive sign which is not positive.
H= =
2g 10 4 + 48 4 + 4 3
= =
= 40 m 2 2
2 u sin θ 2 (20 2) sin 45° = (2 + 2 3 ) s
T= =
g 10 = 5.46 s
=4s R = 20 × 5.46 = 109.2 m
1
→ →
(b) u = (20 i + 20 j) m/s and a = − 10 ^j m/s2
^ ^ (b) s = ut + at2
2
→ → →
−v=u+at + 20 m/s

= (20 ^i + 20 ^j) + ( − 10 ^j) 1(at t = 1 s)

– 40 m
= (20 ^i − 10 ^j) m/s a = – 10 m/s2

(c) Time of flight T

2 u sin θ R
T=
g 1
( −40) = 0 × T + ( −10) T2
1 2
2 × 20 2 ×  
 2 ⇒ T =2 2s
=
10 = 2.83 s
=4s R = 2.83 × 20
(c) ∴ Velocity of particle at the time of = 56.6 m
collision with ground. 1 2
(c) s = ut + at
= (20 ^i + 20 ^j) + ( − 10 ^j ) 4 2

= (20 ^i − 20 ^j ) m/s
1 2
2. (a) s = ut + at 20 √2 m/s
2 – 40 m
20 m/s
20√2 m/s T
R
+ 45° 1
( −40) = ( −20) T + ( −10) T2
2
– 40 m or 5T2 + 20T − 40 = 0
a = – 10 m/s2
or T2 + 4 T − 8 = 0
T
− 4 + ( 4)2 − 4 (1) ( −8)
R ∴ T=
2 (1)
1
∴ ( −40) = ( + 20) T + ( −10) T2 −4+ 4 3
2 = = − 2 + 2 3 = 1.46 s
2
or 5T2 − 20T − 40 = 0

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56 | Mechanics-1
∴ R = 20 × 1.46 100
∴ v=
1
= 29.2 m 40 ×
2
3. (a) Change in velocity (vc ) 5
= m/s
= Change in vertical velocity 2
(as horizontal velocity does not change).
5. Horizontal compnent of velocity at
= (u sin θ − gt) − (u sin θ) P = Horizontal component of velocity at O
= − gt v sin θ
= − (10 × 3) m/s v
P
= − 30 m/s θ Q
60 m/s θ
t = t1 v cos θ
= 30 m/s (downward) a = –10m/s2 – v sin θ
v
→ + 60°
(b) u = (20 ^i + 20 ^j) m/s O 60 cos 60°
→ –
a = − 10 ^j m/s 2
∴ v cos θ = 60 cos 60°
∴ Displacement at time t (= 3 s)
⇒ v cos 45° = 60 cos 60°
→ 1→
= u t + a t2 60 cos 60°
2 ⇒ v=
cos 45°
1
= (20 i + 20 ^j) 3 + ( −10 ^j) 32
^
= 30 2 m/s
2
For point P :
= 60 ^i + 60 ^j − 45 ^j
v sin 45° = 60 sin 60° + ( −10) t1
= 60 ^i + 15 ^j or 30 = 60
3
− 10 t1
2
→ 60 ^i + 15 ^j
∴ v av = t1 = 3 ( 3 − 1)
3
= 2.20 s
= 20 ^i + 5 ^j For point Q :
→
⇒ |v av |= (20)2 + (5)2 − v sin 45° = 60 sin 60° + ( −10) t2
∴ t2 = 3 ( 3 + 1)
= 425
= 8.20 s
= 20.6 m/s
6. Y = bx − cx2
4. R + vT = 50
u Differentiating above equation w.r.t. time t
dy dx dx
∴ =b − 2cx …(i)
t=0 Player dt dt dt
R v dy dx
t=0 ⇒ =b (at x = 0)
Coach t=T dt dt
50 m 2 2
 dx   dy 
2
u sin θ2 v=   + 
⇒ vT = 50 −  dt   dt 
g 2 2
 dx   dx 
2 u sin θ (20)2 =   + b2  
v× = 50 −  dt   dt 
g 10
dx
 2 × 20 × sin 45°  = 1 + b2 …(ii)
v×  = 10 dt
 10 

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Projectile Motion 57
2
Differentiating Eq. (i) w.r.t. time t (6.1) = u2y
+ 2 ( −10) (9.1)
2
d2 y d2 x  dx  d2 x ⇒ u y = 37.21 + 182
2
= b ⋅ 2
− 2c   − 2cx 2 …(iii)
dt dt  dt  dt = 14.8
Acceleration of particle Angle of projection
2  uy 
 d2 x   d2 x  θ = tan −1  
− a =  2 +  2  ux 
 dt   dt 
 uy 
d2 x = tan −1  
∴ =0  ux 
dt2
14.8 
d2 x d2 y = tan −1  
Substituting = 0 and = − a in  7.6 
dt2 dt2
Eq. (iii) = 62.82°
 dx 
2
u2 sin 2θ
− a = − 2c   Range =
 dt  g
dx a (u2x + u2y ) sin 2θ
i.e., = =
dt 2c g
dx (v2x + u2y ) sin 2θ
Substituting above value of in Eq. (ii) =
dt g
a
v= (1 + b2 ) [(7.6)2 + (14.8)2 ] sin 125.64 °
2c =
10
^ ^
7. (a) Velocity at point A = 7.6 i + 6.1 j = 22.5 m
vy → (c) Magnitude of velocity just before the
v
B ball hits ground
+h 1
A
uy = [( −u y )2 + (ux )2 ]2
u
9.1 m a = – 10 m/s2 1
θ = [( −14.8)2 + (6.1)2 ]2 [ux = vx ]
O φ −1
= 16 ms
−1  u y 
∴ Initial vertical velocity at a = 6.1 ^j m/s. (d) φ = θ = tan  
 ux 
Final vertical velocity at B (highest point) 14.8 
= tan −1  
= 0 m/s  7.6 
2 2
Using v = u + 2as (Between A and B) = tan −1 (1.95)
02 = (6.1)2 + 2 ( −10) ( + h) 8. As initial vertical velocities of both
(6.1)2 particles will be zero and both fall under
⇒ h=
20 same acceleration (g), at anytime t, the
= 1.86 m vertical displacement of both will be same
∴ Maximum height attained by ball
= 9.1 + 1. 86
u1 12 u2
= 10.96 m
(b) Let magnitude of vertical velocity at O +h a=+g
(point of projection) = u y A B
θ time = t time = t (90°− θ)
Using v2 = u2 + 2as (Between O and A)

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58 | Mechanics-1
i.e., both will always remain in the same Y y
or + = tan α
horizontal line as shown in figure. x R−x
At time t : or tan θ + tan φ = tan α
Vertical velocity of A (Students to remember this formula)
= Vertical velocity of B 3 3
⇒ tan α = +
= 0 + ( + g) t 6 12
9
= gt =
12
At A : 3
Vertical velocity of particle 1 ⇒ α = tan −1  
tan θ =  4
Horizontal velocity of particle 1
10. On the trajectory there be two points P
gt
or tan θ = …(i) and Q at height h from ground.
u1 P Q
At B : u
h a=–g
Vertical velocity of particle 2 α
tan (90°− θ) =
Horizontal velocity of particle 2 O

If particle takes t time to reach point A

gt (i.e., vertical displacement of + h)
or cos θ = …(ii)
u2 1
( + h) = (u sin α) t + ( − g) t2
Multiplying Eq. (i) by Eq. (ii), 2
gt gt 2
1= × or gt − 2 (u sin α) t + 2h = 0 …(i)
u1 u2 The above equation is quadratic in t. Two
u1u2 values of t will satisfy Eq. (i). One having
∴ t= lower value will be time ( = t1) to reach
g
point P while the higher value will be the
Distance between A and B time ( = t2 ) to reach point Q.
= R1 + R2 ∴ Time to reach point Q from point P
= u1t + u2 t = t2 − t1
= (u1 + u2 ) t
uu = ( t2 + t1)2 − 4 t1t2
= (u1 + u2 ) 1 2 2
g  2u sin α   2h
=   − 4 
7 2  g   g
=
9.8
[Using Eq. (i)]
= 2.47 m 4u2 sin2 α − 2 gh
x =
9. Y = x 1 −  = tan α g
 R
(y, x) 16 gh sin2 α − 8 gh
or ( t2 − t1) =
u g
Y = 3m (Qu = 2 gh)
α θ φ
Distance between P and Q :
x (R – x)
=6m 2h = (u cos α) ( t2 − t1)
YR ∴ 4 h2 = u2 cos2 α ( t2 − t1)2
= tan α
x( R − x)  16 gh sin2 α − 8 gh
or 4 h2 = ( 4 gh) cos2 α  
 g2 

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Projectile Motion 59
2 2
or 1 = cos (16 sin α − 8) u
or 1 = cos2 α [16 (1 − cos2 α) − 8 ]
β
or 1 = cos2 α [8 − 16 cos2 α ] R b
or 16 cos4 α − 8 cos2 α + 1 = 0 2
u sin 2β
⇒ ( 4 cos2 α − 1)2 = 0 R+ b=
g
1
⇒ 4 cos2 α = au2 sin 2β
4 i.e., aR + ab = …(ii)
1 g
cos α =
2 Adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we have
cos α = 60°  b sin 2α + a sin 2β 
bR + aR = u2  
1  g 
(cos α = − being not possible).
2 ( b sin 2 α + a sin 2β )
or R = u2
16 gh sin2 60° − 2 gh ( a + b) g
∴ ( t2 − t1) =
g2 u2 sin 2θ ( b sin 2α + a sin 2β)
= u2
h g ( a + b) g
=2 (Proved)
g 1  b sin 2α + a sin 2β 
⇒ θ= sin −1  
11. Initial vertical velocity = usin α 2  a+b 
v
v (Proved.)
β
t 2h
13. R1 = v1
a=0 g
α
a=–g v1

At time t vertical velocity = v sin β h

∴ v sin β = u sin α = ( − g) t …(i)
Now, as horizontal acceleration will be R1 = 10 m
zero.
v2
v cos β = u cos α
Thus, Eq. (i) becomes
 u cos α 
  sin β = u sin α − gt R2
 cos β 
2
or u sin α cos β − u cos α sin β = gt cos β 1  R1 g 
i.e., h=  
gt cos β 2  v1 
or u=
sin (α − β) 2
1  10 × 9.8 
2 =  
u sin 2α 2 5 
12. R − a =
g = 19.6 m
2h
∴ T=
u
g
2 × 19.6
α =
a 9.8
R
=2s
bu2 sin 2α
i.e., bR − ab = …(i) R2 = v2 ⋅ T = 7.5 × 2
g
= 15 m

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14. Vertical velocity of balloon (+ bag) = 1.69 s
2u2 sin (α − β) cos α
R=
O α g cos2 β
12 km/h A 2 × (20 2)2 × sin 15° × cos 45°
=
vw = 20 km/h 50 m 10 cos2 30°
α = 39 m
2 u sin (α + β)
5 16. T=
= 12 × m/s g cos β
18
10 2 × 20 2 × sin ( 45° + 30° )
= m/s =
3 10 cos 30°
Horizontal velocity of balloon (+ bag) = 6.31 s
5
= Wind velocity = 20 km / h = 20 × m/s u2
18 R= [sin (2α + β) + sin β ]
50 g cos2 β
= m/s (20 2)2
9 = [sin (90° + 30° ) + sin 30° ]
= 5.55 m/s 10 cos2 30°
12 = 145.71 m
∴ tan α = . i.e., sin α = 0.51
20 2 u sin (α + β)
17. T=
Bag is released at point A. g cos β
Let t be time, the bag takes from A to 2u sin β
= (Qα = 0°)
reach ground. g cos β
1 2u
Using, s = ut + at2 = tan β
2 g
10 1
( −50) =  sin α t + ( − g) t2

=
2 × 20
tan 30°
3  2 10
i.e., 5t2 − 1.7 t − 50 = 0 = 2.31 s
1.7 + ( −1.7)2 − 4 × 5 × ( −50) u2
∴ t= R= [sin (2α + β) + sin β ]
2×5 g cos2 β
= 3.37 s u2 ( 2 sin β)
= [as α = 0°]
Vertical velocity of bag when it strikes g cos2 β
ground uT 20 × 2.31
10 = =
vB = − + (10) (3.37) cos β cos 30°
3
= 53.33 m
= 37.03 m/s u2
vω = 5.55 m/s 18. R = [sin (2α + β) + sin β ]
g cos2 β
∴ Velocity of bag with which it strikes u2
ground = [sin {2 (α + β) − β } + sin β ]
g cos2 β
vnet = v2B + v2ω
u2
= 37.44 m/s = [sin ( π − θ) + sin θ ]
g cos2 θ
2 u sin (α − β) π
15. T = [Q(α + β) = ]
g cos β 2
=
2 × 20 2 × sin ( 45° − 30° ) 2 u2
or R= tan θ sec θ
10 cos 30° g

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Projectile Motion 61
19. (a) Acceleration of particle 1 w.r.t. that of Vertical acceleration of stone = g
particle 2 Horizontal velocity of stone = v
= ( − g) − ( − g) ∴ Path of the stone will be parabolic.
=0 21. (a) g eff = g − ( − a)
^
(b) Initial velocity of 1st particle = 20 j m/s
w m/s a m/s2
Initial velocity of 2nd particle
= (20 2 cos 45° ^i + 20 2 sin 45° ^j) m/s u

= (20 ^i + 20 ^j) m/s θ

∴ Initial velocity of 1st particle w.r.t. that

of 2nd particle
=g+a
= [ (20 ^j) − (20 ^i + 20 ^j ) ] m/s
= 10 + 1
= − 20 ^i m/s
= 11 m/s 2
= 20 m/s (downward) 2 u sin θ
T=
(c) Horizontal velocity of 1st particle g eff
= 0 m/s
2 × 2 × sin 30°
Horizontal velocity of 2nd particle =
11
= 20 ^i m/s
= 0.18 s
∴ Horizontal velocity of 1st particle w.r.t.
that of 2nd particle (b) Dotted path [(in lift) acceleration
upwards]
= 0 − (20 ^i)
u
= − 20 ^i m/s
θ
Relative displacement of 1st particle w.r.t.
2nd particle at t = 2 s Full line path [In lift at rest or moving
= − 20 ^i × 2 with constant velocity upwards or
downwards].
= − 40 ^i m/s (c) If lift is moving downward with
acceleration g.
∴ Distance between the particles at t = 2 s
= 40 m Path of particle
u
20. (a) As observed by passenger
Vertical acceleration of stone θ
= g −0= g
Horizontal velocity of stone g eff = g − g = 0
=v−v=0 22. Horizontal motion :

∴ Path of the stone will be a straight line x1 = u1 cos θ1 and x2 = u2 cos θ

(downwards). ∴ u1 cos θ1 + u2 cos θ2 = 20 …(i)
(b) As observed by man standing on
ground

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62 | Mechanics-1
1
Vertical motion : 20 + (u1 sin θ1) t + ( − g) t2 = 30
u2 2
1
+ (u2 sin θ2 ) t + ( − g) t2
u1
t θ2 2
or (u1 sin θ1 − u2 sin θ2 ) t = 10 …(ii)
1 θ1
20

x1 x2

d = 20 m

Objective Questions (Level 1)

→ ^ ^ → ^ ^ 20
1. v = 3 i + 4 j and F = 4 i − 3 j =
2
→ →
v ⋅ F = (3 ^i + 4 ^j) ⋅ ( 4 ^i − 3 ^j) = 14.14 m/s
= 12 − 12 = 0 = 14 m/s (approx)
→ → Option (b) is correct.
∴ F⊥v
u2 sin2 α
Path of the particle is circular. 4. H (maximum height) =
2g
Y
u2 sin2 θ u2 sin2 (90° − θ)
∴ H1 = and H2 =
→ 2g g
v
u2 cos2 θ
=
g
H1 sin2 θ
Thus, =
j H2 cos2 θ
i X Option (c) is correct.
5. Equation to trajectory is
→
F 1 gx2
Y = x tan θ − 2
2 u cos θ sin θ
Option (c) is correct. x2
Y = x tan θ −
2. Projectile motion is uniformly accelerated R
everywhere even at the highest point. R
Area = ∫ 0 Y dx
Option (a) correct.
Option (b) incorrect. R x2 
= ∫0  x tan θ −  dx
At the highest point acceleration is  R
perpendicular to velocity. R
 x2 x3 
Option (c) incorrect. A =  tan θ −
2 3 R  0
3. For range to be maximum
R2 R3
θ = 45° = tan θ −
ux 1 2 3
i.e., = cos 45° = 2  tan θ 1
u 2 =R −
u  2 3 
or vx = (Qvx = ux )
2

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Projectile Motion 63
4v40 2 2
sin θ cos θ  tan θ 1  9. Rmax = 1.6 m
= −
g2  2 3  u2
= 1.6
4v40 sin 3 θ cos θ sin2 θ cos2 θ  g
= −
g2  2 3 
 ⇒ u = 4 m/s
2 v40 2u sin 45°
= [3 sin2 θ cos θ − 2 sin2 θ cos2 θ ] ∴ T=
3 g2 g
4 2
6. v cos φ = u cos θ =
v 10
φ 10 2 10 2
Number of jumps = =
u β T 4 2 / 10
= 25
θ ∴ Grass hopper would go
A
u cos 60° = 25 × 1.6 m i.e., 40 m.
or v=
cos 30° Option (d) is correct.
u |Displacement|
or v= 10. |Av. velocity|=
3 time
1 2
KE at B = mv2 1  R 2
2 =   +H
T / 2  2
1 u2
= m⋅ 2 2
2 3 1  u2 sin θ cos θ   u2 sin2 θ 
=   + 
K Q 1 mu2 = K  u sin θ  g   2g 
=  
3  2  g
∴ Option (b) is correct. sin2 θ
= u cos2 θ +
u2 sin 2θ 1  u2  4
7. =  
g 2 g u
= 1 + 3 cos2 θ
1 2
or sin 2θ =
2 Option (b) is correct.
or 2θ = 30° 11. d2 = R2 + u2 T2
∴ θ = 15° T
Ball
2 /g
Option (a) is correct. u =u
R
2 u sin θ
8. T1 = 45°
g 90° α
2 u sin (90° − θ)
∴ T2 =
g uT
2u cos θ
=
g T
2 u2 sin θ cos θ
2 u  2 2
 2 u sin 45° 
2
Thus, T1T2 = =   + u2 
g g 
 g  g 
2R
or T1T2 = u4 2 u4
g = + 2
1 g2 g
⇒ R = g T1T2
2 3u4
=
Option (d) is correct. g2

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64 | Mechanics-1
u2 302 u2 sin 2φ u2 sin 2α
∴ d= 3= 3 = 90 3 m if, =
g 10 g g
Option (b) is correct. sin 2φ = sin 3α
12. At maximum height 2φ = π − 2α
dy π
=0 or φ= −α
dt 2
d π π π
i.e., (10t − t2 ) = 0 = − = = 30°
dt 2 3 6
or 10 − 2t = 0 ∴ Maximum height attained by second
particle
or t = 5s
u2 sin2 φ
∴ Maximum height attained = 10 (5) − 52 =
2g
= 25 m
102 × 2 g sin2 30°
Option (d) is correct. = ×
sin2 60° 2g
u2
13. R = [sin (2α + β) + sin β ] 102 × 1 / 4
g cos2 β = = 34 m
3/4
u
α Option (d) is correct.
1
15. s = ut + at2
a = –g 2
1
R ∴ ( −70) = (50 sin 30° ) t + ( −10) t2
2
or 5t2 − 25t − 70 = 0
β or t2 − 5t − 14 = 0
( t − 7) ( t + 2) = 0
As α = 0 (according to question) t=7s
u2 (− 2 s not possible)
R= [2 sin β ]
g cos2 β Option (c) is correct.
(50)2 × 2 sin 30° 16. Initial separation
=
10 × cos2 30°
1000
= m
3 53° T
Option (b) is correct. x
14. First particle : R 5T

H max = 102 m x = R + 5T
u2 sin2 α = (u cos α) T + 5T
∴ = 102 = T [(u cos α) + 5]
2g
2u sin α
102 × 2 g π = [(u cos α) + 5]
⇒ u2 = [As α = = 60°] g
sin2 60° 3
4
2 × 80 ×
= 5 80 × 3  + 5 = 256 m
Second particle : 10  5 
Range of the second particle will be equal Option (d) is correct.
to that of particle

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Projectile Motion 65
JEE Corner
Assertion and Reason
1
1. Assertion is wrong while the explanation and y= a y t2
as given in reason is correct. 2
∴ Option (d) is correct. 2y 1 2y
Thus, x = ux + ax
2. Assertion and Reason both are correct. ay 2 ay
both carry the same meaning.
or x = k1 y + k2 y
Option (a) is correct.
u2 sin2 α or ( x − k2 y)2 = k12 y
3. H = [H = maximum height]
2g
or x2 + k22 y2 − 2k2 y − k12 y = 0
2
g  2 u sin α  g 2
=   = T or x2 + k22 y2 − (2 k2 + k12 ) y = 0
8 g  8
→ →
i.e., H ∝ T2 (Reason) v2 − v1
6.
∴ H will become four times if T is made t2 − t1
two times. → → → →
( u + a t2 ) − ( u + a t1)
Thus, assertion is correct and also reason =
t2 − t1
is the correct explanation of the assertion.
→
Option (a) is correct. = a (which is a constant quantity in
→ → → projectile motion).
4. Reason is correct as A ⋅ B = 0 when A and
→ ∴ Assertion is correct and the reason for
B are perpendicular to each other. this also correct, as explained.
Thus, option (a) is correct.
7. Let initial velocity of A = u A
→ Initial velocity of B = uB
u
B is projected at an angle α with
45° horizontal.
45°
→ For time (TA ) taken by A to return to the
v
point of projection :
→
In the case mentioned v is perpendicular ( − u A ) = ( + u A ) + ( − g) TA
→
to u only at t = T and not at any time t. 2u
⇒ TA = A = 4 (s)
Option (b) is correct. g
→ →
[Note : v will never be perpendicular to u Time taken by B to reach ground
if angle of projection is less than 45°.]
2 uB sin α
1 TB = = 4 (s)
5. x = ux t + ax t2 g
2
y ay a (Q TB = TA given)
∴ uB sin α = 2 g

ux ax Height attained by B
x
u2B sin2 α
H=
2g

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66 | Mechanics-1
(2 g)2 Reason is correct as the given relation
=
2g under heading reason leads to
2v
= 2g Range = vH × V
g
= 20 m ∴ Option (a) is correct.
∴ Assertion is correct. 9. Assertion is incorrect as it is the velocity
Reason for this incomplete as then TA will which would decrease by 10 m/s in the
not be equal to TB . downward direction.
Thus, option (c) is correct. Acceleration is nothing but rate of change
u2 of velocity written against reason is
8. H= V
2g correct.
∴ Option (d) is correct.
∴ H1 : H2 = 4 H : H
u12V u22 V 10. Using law of conservation of mechanical
i.e., : = 4 :1 energy
2g 2g
1 1
mv2 + mgh = mu2
or u1V : v2 V = 2 : 1 …(i) 2 2
2 uV uH 2
R= ∴ v = u − 2 gh
g
Thus, assertion is correct.
For R1 = R2
If the particle is projected with vertical
u1V u1H = u2 V u2 H
component of velocity as u y the vertical
u1H u2 V component of velocity of the particle at
=
u2 H u1H height h would be u2y − 2 gh is correct as
u1H 1
or = [Using relation (i)] written against reason but it is not the
u2 H 2 correct explanation of the assertion as
∴ Assertion is correct. nothing is given regarding the change in
the horizontal component of velocity.

Objective Questions (Level 2)

Single Correct Option
1 2
1. s = ut + at
2 Time for attaining maximum height
R u sin θ
=
g
16.8 m u P Q = 1s
4.8 m ∴ Above displacement is for point Q.
θ For θ = 90° : s = 16.8 m
O D
For θ = 30° : OD = (u cos θ) t
1
= (u sin θ) t + ( − gt)2 = (20 cos 30° ) 1 × 2
2
= 20.8
= 24 sin θ − 7 × 2
∴ QR = (20.8) + (16.8 − 4.8)2
2
For θ = 30° : s = 4.8 m
= 24 m
Option (c) is correct.

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Projectile Motion 67
d 1 x
2. t = also h = gt2 Slope of trajectory = tan θ − 2
u 2 u sin θ cos θ
d Substituting x = (u cos θ) t
u
dy (u cos θ) t
= tan θ − 2
dx u sin θ cos θ
h t
= tan θ −
u sin θ
time = t Option (a) is correct.
1 d2 5. y = βx2
∴ h= g⋅ 2 dy dx
2 u ∴ = β ⋅ 2x
2 u2 h dt dt
2
⇒ d = d2 y  d2 x  dx  2 
g and = 2β x ⋅ 2 +   
dt2  dt  dt  
Option (b) is correct.
u2  d2 x  dx  2 
3. R = [sin (2α + β) + sin β ] or α = 2β x 2 +   
g cos2 β  dt  dt  
2
Substituting v = 10 m/s d x
Now, as 2 = 0
g = 10 m/s2 dt
α + β = 90° (acceleration being along y-axis only)
and β = 30° dx α
=
(10)2 dt 2β
R= [sin (90° + 60° ) + sin 30° ]
10 cos2 30° Option (d) is correct.
10 1 1 40
= + = m 6. As the projectile hits the inclined plane
 3  2 2 3 horizontally
 
 4
Option (c) is correct. u P
1 x2
4. y = x tan θ − g 2 α
R'
2 u sin θ cos θ
β
O Q
Slope
u2 sin2 α
PQ = H max =
2g
x u2 sin α cos α
and OQ =
g
dy 1 2x ∴ Range on inclined plane
= tan θ −
dx 2 u2 sin θ cos θ R ′ = ( PQ)2 + (OQ)2
Slope 2 2
T = Time of flight
 u2 sin2 α   u2 sin α cos α 
tan θ =   + 
 2g   g 
T/2 T u2 sin4 α
t
= + sin2 α cos2 α
O g 4
4 2
u2 1  3  3   1 2
=   +   
g 4 4   2   2

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68 | Mechanics-1
u2 9 3 Acceleration of the particle
= +
g 64 16 d2 x
= 2
u2 21 dt
= dy
8g = 50 m/s2 [as = constant]
dt
Option (d) is correct.
9. tan α = tan θ + tan φ
7. Let the projectile hits the inclined plane at
P at time t
H
v = 10 √3 m/s u = 10 √3 m/s α θ φ
i.e., v = u
v R/2 R/2
u
= tan θ + tan θ = 2 tan θ
β α
tan α 
R ∴ θ = tan −1  
 2 
P (time = t)
Option (c) is correct.
β
Q R 10. At any time t,
(u cos α) t
20√3 m/s
vt 20 m/s
1
PQ = (u sin α) − gt2 60° 30°
2
Further, QR = vt − (u cos α) t 20√3m
PQ Horizontal distance between particles
and tan β =
QR x = 20 3 − (10 3 + 10 3 ) t
i.e., OQ tan β = PQ = 20 3 (1 − t)
1
t [v − cos α ] tan β = u sin α − gt t Vertical distance between particles at
 2  time t
or 10 [1 − cos 60° ] tan 30° y = (30 − 10) t = 20 t
1
= 10 sin 60° − × 10 × t Distance between particles at time t
 2 
D = x2 + y2
5
or = 5 3 − 5t
3 or D2 = [20 3 (1 − t)]2 + [20 t ]2
1 = 400 [3 (1 − t)2 ] + 400 t2
or t= 3 −
3 For D to minimum
2 dD
= s =0
3 dt
8. y2 + 2 y + 2 = x 3 × 2 (1 − t)( −1) + 2 t = 0
dy dy dx
∴ 2y +2 = or 6t − 6 + 2t = 0
dt dt dt 3
dy dx i.e., t= s
or (2 y + 2) = 4
dt dt  2 2
3  3
dx ∴ D2min = 400 3 1 −   + 400  
or = 10 ( y + 1)
dt   4   4

d2 x  dy  = 75 + 75 × 3
or = 10  
dt2  dt  ⇒ Dmin = 10 3 m
= 50 m/s 2 Option (b) is correct.

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Projectile Motion 69
11. Let time of flight = T Substituting v = u and α = β = 30° in Eq.
(ii)
u cos 30° + u cos 30°
u T=
g
α
θ Q 2 u cos 30°
β =
P α g
β
u u 3
=
g
α β
Option (b) is correct.
As, horizontal component of the velocity of 2 u2 sin θ cos θ
12. PQ =
the particle will not change g
u cos (90° − α) = v cos (90° − β) 2 u2 sin (90° − α) cos (90° − α)
or2a cos α =
or u sin α = v sin β …(i) g
Using v = u + at for the horizontal u2 sin α
component of velocity or a=
g
( − v cos β) = ( + u cos α) + ( − g) T
or u2 = 2ag (as α = 30°)
⇒ gT = u cos α + v cos β
u cos α + v cos β or u2 = 2 × 4.9 × 9.8
or T= …(ii) or u = 9.8 m/s
g
Option (a) is correct.
Now, as α = β ( = 30° ), u = v from Eq. (i)
More than One Correct Options
1. Two particles projected at angles α and β 2u sin α
t1 (time of flight of first) =
with same speed ( = µ ) will have same g
range if 2u sin β
t2 (time of flight of second) =
α + β = 90° g
Option (a) is correct. t1 sin α sin α
∴ = = = tan α
2 u2 sin α cos α t2 sin β sin (90° − α)
R=
g Option (c) is correct.
h1 sin α
h1 (maximum height attained by first) Also, = = tan α
u2 sin2 α h2 sin β
=
2g Option (d) is correct.
h2 (maximum height attained by second) 2. Horizontal displacement in time t (Time of
u2 sin2 β flight)
= P
2g
u2 sin α sin β
∴ h1h2 =
Pa

2g
th

Wind
o

a = constant
u2 sin α sin (90° − α)
fp
ar

= a=g
tic

2g
e l

u2 sin α cos α R Q
= = R
2g 4
1 2
Option (b) is correct. x= at …(i)
2

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70 | Mechanics-1
Vertical displacement in time t Option (c) is correct.
1
y = gt2 …(ii) Option (d) is incorrect.
2 → ^ ^
y g 4. v = 10 i + 10 j
∴ =
x a v
or y = constant x [as a is constant] H
O
Option (a) is correct. a = – 10 m/s2
– 15m t
Substituting y = 49 m in Eqs. (ii)
1
49 = × 9.8 × t2 If θ be the angle of projection
2 v y 10
⇒ t = 10 = 3.16 s tan θ = = =1
vx 10
PQ > PR ( = 40 m )
i.e., θ = 45°
Option (d) is correct.
Option (a) correct.
3. As there will be no change in the 1 2
horizontal component of the velocity of the Using relation, s = ut + at
2
particle 1
( − 15) = 10 t + ( −10) t2
2
2
i.e., t − 2t − 3 = 0
or ( t − 3) ( t + 1) = 0
v θ + φ = 90° w cos φ ∴ t=3s
Q φ
P
θ
w Option (b) is incorrect.
v cos θ
Horizontal range of particle
w cos φ = v cos θ = vx ⋅ t
or w cos (90° − θ) = v cos θ = 10 × 3 = 30 m
or w sin θ = v cos θ Option (c) is incorrect.
or w = v cos θ Maximum height of projectile from ground
Option (b) is correct. = H + 15
Option (a) is incorrect. u2 sin2 θ
= + 15
Vertical velocity of particle at Q 2g
= wsin φ v2y
= + 15
= wsin (90° − θ) 2g
= wcos θ (10)2
= + 15
Using, v = u + at 2 × 10
( − w cos θ) = ( + v sin θ) + ( − g) T = 20 m
[where T = time from P to Q] Option (d) is correct.
⇒ gT = v sin θ + w cos θ 5. Average velocity between any two points
= v sin θ + v cot θ cos θ can’t remain constant as in projectile
cos2 θ motion velocity changes both in
= v sin θ + v ⋅
sin θ magnitude and direction.
= v cosec θ Option (a) is incorrect.
v cosec θ Similarly option (b) is also incorrect.
∴ t=
g

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Projectile Motion 71
In projectile motion [where H = Maximum height]
→ 8 ( H − 15)
a = constant ⇒ 2=
→ 10
dv
∴ = constant ∴ H = 20 m
dt
Option (c) is correct. Option (b) is correct.
→ u2 sin2 α
d2 v i.e., = 20
also =0 2g
dt2
Option (d) is correct. u sin α = 40 g
1 = 20 m/s
6. ( + h) = ( + u sin α) t + ( − g) t2
2 Option (c) is correct.
t = t1
A Bt=t
(u cos α) tAB = 40
v 2
15 m h 40
α ⇒ ucos α =
40 m 2
20 m
= 20 m/s
⇒ gt2 − (2 u sin α) t + 2h = 0 …(i) Option (d) is correct.
2 u sin α 2h
t1 + t2 = , t1t2 = Substituting values of g, usin α and h in
g g Eq. (i)
( t2 − t1)2 = ( t2 + t1)2 − 4 t1t2 10t2 − 40t + 30 = 0
4u2 sin2 α 2h i.e., t2 − 4 t + 3 = 0
= = 4⋅
g g
∴ t = 1 or 3
8 ( H − h) t = 1 s for A and t = 3 s for B.
∴ t AB =
g Option (a) is correct.
Match the Columns
1. (a) At t = 2 s (b) Vertical distance between the two
2 (t = 1 s)
at t = 2 s = 30 m
S1 10 m 2 ∴ (b) → (s)
1 (at t = 1s) at t = 2 s
10 m/s (c) Relative horizontal component of
S2
velocity
30 m
= 10 − 0 = 10 m/s
S1 : S2 : S3
1 (at t = 2 s) =1:3:5 ∴ (c) → (p)
(d) Relative vertical component of velocity
(at t = 2 s)
= Velocity of 1 at t = 2 s
S3 50 m
− Vertical velocity of 2 at t = 2 s
= Velocity of 1 at t = 2 s
− Velocity of 1 at t = 1 s
= (2 g) − (1 g) = g
horizontal distance between 1 and 2 = 10 m/s
= horizontal displacement of 2 (d) → (p).
= 10 × 1 = 10 m
∴ (a) → (p)

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72 | Mechanics-1
2. Given, H = 20 m ∴ On increasing u⊥ to two times the T
u2 sin2 α (time) of flight will also become two times
∴ = 20
2g i.e., (a) → (q).
2
usin α = 20 u2 sin2 α  u⊥ 
(b) H = = 
∴ (d) → (s) 2g  2g 
2u sin α H max will become 4 times.
Time of flight = =4s
g ∴ (b) → (r)
(a) → (s) 2(u⊥ ) (u||)
(c) R =
g
R
H= (given) R will become two times
2
(c) → (q)
u2 sin2 α 1 2 u2 sin α cos α
∴ = (d) Angle of projection with horizontal
2g 2 g u
u sin α tan α new = ⊥ (new)
⇒ =2 u||
u cos α
2u⊥
∴ (b) → (q) =
u sin α u||
u cos α = = 10 m/s
2 = 2 tan α
∴ (c) → (r) α new = tan −1 (2 tan α) ≠ 2α
u2 sin (2 × 15° ) ∴ (d) → (s)
3. = 10
2g → ^ ^
5. (a) u (at 0) = (u cos θ) i + (u sin θ) j
2
u
∴ = 20 m →
2g v (at A) = (u cos θ) ^i

⇒ Rmax = 20 m |Change in velocity between A & B|

(a) → (q) = usin θ
u2 ∴ (a) → (q)
(b) Maximum height = = 10 m
4g (b) |Average velocity between 0 and A|
→
∴ (b) → (p) |OA|
=
(c) Range at ( 45° + θ) = Range at ( 45° − θ) T /2
∴ Range at 75° = Range at 15° 2
 R
= 10 m (given) H2 +  
 2
(c) → (p) =
T /2
u2 sin2 30°
(d) Height at 30° =  u2 sin2 θ  2 1  2 u sin θ cos θ  2 
2g
  +   
1  u2   2 g  4 g  

=   =
4 2g u sin θ
= 5m g
u
∴ (d) → (s) = 1 + 3 cos2 θ
2 u sin α 2
4. (a) T =
g ∴ (b) → (s)
2u⊥
=
g

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Projectile Motion 73
(c) Velocity at B ∴ Vertical displacement of (2) w.r.t. (1),
→ ^ ^
vB = (u cos θ) i − (u sin θ) j = (90 ^i − 40 ^j) m
→ →
∴|v B − u| = 2 u sin θ = 50 ^j m
Thus, (c) → (s). ∴ (b) → (r)
(d) |Average velocity between 0 and B| (c) Horizontal velocity of (1) at t = 2 s
Range →
= v1H = 30 ^i
Time of flight
(u cos θ) T Horizontal velocity of (2) at t = 2 s
= = ucos θ →
T v2 H = − 20 ^i
∴ (d) → (p). Relative horizontal component of the
6. (a) Horizontal displacement of (1) at t = 2 s velocity of (2) w.r.t. 1
Y → → →
20 j v RH = v2 H − v1H

(2) = ( − 20 ^i) − ( + 30 ^i)

– 20 i
= − 50 ^i m/s
30 j →
∴|v RH|= 50 m/s
X Thus, (c) → (r)
(1) 30 i
(d) Vertical velocity of (1) at t = 2 s
→ →
S1H = 30 ^i m/s × 2 s v 1 V = 30 ^j + ( − 10 ^j) (2)

= + 60 ^i m = 10 ^j
Horizontal displacement of (2) at t = 2 s Vertical velocity of (2) at t = 2 s
→ ^ ^ →
S2 H = 130 i m + ( −20 i m / s) (1 s) v 1 V = 20 ^j + ( − 10 ^j) (1)

= 110 ^i m = 10 ^j
Horizontal displacement of (2) w.r.t. (1) Relative vertical component of the velocity
^ ^ ^ of (2) w.r.t. 1
= (110 i − 60 i) m = 50 i m →
v RV = (10 ^j) − (10 ^j) = 0
∴ (a) → (r)
→
(b) Vertical displacement of (1) at t = 2 s ∴ |v RV|= 0 m/s
→ 1
S1V = 30 ^j m/s × 2 s + ( − 10 ^j m / s2 ) (2 s)2 Thus (d) → (s)
2 2 uy
7. T = ∴ T ∝ uy
= 60 ^j m − 20 ^j m g
u2y
= 40 ^j m H= ∴ H ∝ u2y
2g
Vertical displacement of (2) at t = 2 s
→ H A = HB = HC ∴ TA = TB = TC
S2 V = 75 ^j m + (20 ^j m / s) (1 s)
Further, R = ux T
1
+ ( −10 ^j m / s2 ) (16)2 T is same. But
2
R A < RB < RC
= 90 ^j m ∴ u XA < u XB < u XC

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