3.electromagnetic Theory NET-JRF

fiziks
Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, M.Sc. Entrance, JEST, TIFR and GRE in Physics

ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY
NET/JRF–(JUNE-2011)
Q1. The electrostatic potential V(x, y) in free space in a region where the charge density ρ is
zero is given by V  x, y   4e 2 x  f  x   3 y 2 . Given that the x-component of the electric
field Ex, and V are zero at the origin, f  x  is
(a) 3x 2  4e 2 x  8 x (b) 3x 2  4e 2 x  16 x
(c) 4e 2 x  8 (d) 3x 2  4e 2 x
Ans. : (d)
Solution: V  4e 2 x  f  x   3 y 2 . Since   0   2V  0  16e 2 x  f  x   6  0 .
 

Since E x  0 at origin  E  V  E x   8e 2 x  f  x  
E x 0, 0  8  f 0  0  f 0   8 .
Since V 0, 0   0  4  f 0   0  f 0   4
Solve equation 16e 2 x  f  x   6  0  f  x   6  16e 2 x  f x   6 x  8e 2 x  c1 , since
f   0   8  c1  8  c1  0 .
Again Integrate f  x   6 x  8e 2 x  f  x   3 x 2  4e 2 x  c 2
since f  0   4  c2  4  c2  0 . Thus f  x   3x 2  4e 2 x
   
Q2. For constant uniform electric and magnetic field E  E 0 and B  B0 , it is possible to

choose a gauge such that the scalar potential  and vector potential A are given by
 1      1  
(a)   0 and A  B0  r
2
  
(b)    E 0  r and A  B0  r
2

    
(c)    E0  r and A  0 (d)   0 and A   E 0 t
Ans. : (a)
 
Solution: Let E  E 0  xˆ  yˆ  zˆ  and B  B0  xˆ  yˆ  zˆ  since they are constant vector.
  
Lorentz Gauge condition is   A   0 0
t
 
 
since B  r  B0  z  y  xˆ  B0  z  x  yˆ  B0  y  x  zˆ
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     
(a)  0 and   A  0 (b)  0, and   A  0
t t
     
(c)  0 and   A  0 (d)  0 and   A  0
t t
Q3. A plane electromagnetic wave is propagating in a lossless dielectric. The electric field is
given by
 

 
E  x, y, z, t   E0  xˆ  Azˆ  exp ik0 ct  x  3 z  ,

where c is the speed of light in vacuum, E0 , A and k0 are constant and x̂ and ẑ are
unit vectors along the x - and z -axes. The relative dielectric constant of the medium  r
and the constant A are
1 1
(a)  r  4 and A   (b)  r  4 and A  
3 3
(c)  r  4 and A  3 (d)  r  4 and A   3

Ans. : (a)

  
Solution: E  x, y, z , t   E 0  xˆ  Azˆ  exp ik 0  ct  x  3 z . 
 

Comparing with term e i k r t   k  k 0 xˆ  3 zˆ and   k 0 c .
 k0c c
Since v     Refractive index n   r  2   r  4.
k k 02  3k 02 2
  
Since k  nˆ  0  k 0 xˆ  3 zˆ   xˆ  Azˆ   0  k 0 1  A 3  0  A    1
3
A  Kr
Q4. A static, spherically symmetric charge distribution is given by  r   e where A
r
and K are positive constants. The electrostatic potential corresponding to this charge
distribution varies with r as
(a) re  Kr (b)
1  Kr
r
e (c)
1  Kr
r2
e (d)
1
r

1  e  Kr 
Ans. : (b)
Solution: since  2V    /  0
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A 1   2 V 
 2V must be proportional to e  kr , where  2V  2 r .
r r r  r 
Q5. The magnetic field of the TE11 mode of a rectangular waveguide of dimensions a  b as
shown in the figure is given by H z  H 0 cos  0.3  x  cos  0.4  y  , where x and y are in
x
cm.
a
z
b
y
A. The dimensions of the waveguide are

(a) a  3.33 cm, b  2.50 cm (b) a  0.40 cm, b  0.30 cm
(c) a  0.80 cm, b  0.60 cm (d) a  1.66 cm, b  1.25 cm
Ans. : (a)
Solution: Since H z  H 0 cos  0.3 x  cos  0.4 y 
m n
  0.3 where m  1 and  0.4 where n  1
a b
 a  3.33cm, b  2.50cm
B. The entire range of frequencies f for which the TE11 mode will propagate is
(a) 6.0 GHz  f  12.0 GHz (b) 7.5 GHz  f  9.0 GHz
(c) 7.5 GHz  f  12.0 GHz (d) 7.5GHz  f
Ans. : (d)
2 2
c m n c 1 1
Solution: f m , n        f1,1   2  7.5 GH z .
2  a  b 2 a 2
b
For propagation, frequency of incident wave must be greater than cutoff frequency.
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NET/JRF -(DEC-2011)
Q6. Consider three polarizer’s P1 , P2 and P3 placed along an axis as shown in the figure.
P1 P2 P3
(unpolarized) 
I0
The pass axis of P1 and P3 are at right angles to each other while the pass axis of P2
makes an angle  with that of P1 . A beam of unpolarized light of intensity I 0 is incident
on P1 as shown. The intensity of light emerging from P3 is
I0 I0 I0
(a) 0 (b) (c) sin 2 2 (d) sin 2 2
2 8 4
Ans. : (c)
Solution: I  I 0 cos 2  (Malus Law)
I0 I0 I0 I
 I1  , I2  cos 2  , I3  cos 2   cos 2 90     0 sin 2 2 .
2 2 2 8
Q7. Four equal point charges are kept fixed at the four vertices of a square. How many neutral
points (i.e. points where the electric field vanishes) will be found inside the square?
(a) 1 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 7
Ans. : (a)
Solution: Inside the square, there is only one point where field vanishes.
Q8. A static charge distribution gives rise to an electric field of the form E   1  e  r / R   rˆ ,
r2
where  and R are positive constants. The charge contained within a sphere of radius R ,
centred at the origin is
e e2 R R2
(a)  0 (b)  0 (c) 4 0 (d)  0
R2 R2 e e
Ans. : None of the options given are correct
   2
   
Solution: Qenc   0  E  da   0  1  e  r / R 2  r 2 sin ddrˆ   0    1  e  r / R sin dd
rˆ
r 0 0
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 1
at r  R , Qenc  4 0 1   . So none of the options given are correct.
 e
Q9. In a Young’s double slit interference experiment, the slits are at a distance 2 L from each
other and the screen is at a distance D from the slits. If a glass slab of refractive index 
and thickness d is placed in the path of one of the beams, the minimum value of d for
the central fringe to be dark is
D D
(a) (b)
  1 D 2  L2   1L
 
(c) (d)
  1 2  1
Ans. : (d)
n 
Solution: For central fringe to be dark,   1d  d 
2 2  1
Q10. Consider a solenoid of radius R with n turns per unit length, in which a time dependent
current I  I 0 sin t (where  R / c  1 ) flows. The magnitude of the electric field at a
perpendicular distance r  R from the axis of symmetry of the solenoid, is
1
(a) 0 (b)  0 nI 0 R 2 cos t
2r
1 1
(c)  0 nI 0 r sin t (d)  0 nI 0 r cos t
2 2
Ans. : (d)
  
Solution: E  d l  
B
 t  d a ; B 
  0 nI t zˆ .
 dI
r
2r 2
dt r 0
 E  2r    0 n 2r d r     0 n  I 0  cos  t 
2
 1
 E     0 nI 0 r cos t
2
Q11. A constant electric current I in an infinitely long straight wire is suddenly switched on at
t  0 . The vector potential at a perpendicular distance r from the wire is given
by A 
kˆ 0 I  1
2

ln  ct  c 2 t 2  r 2
r
 . The electric field at a distance r   ct  is
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 I 1 ˆ ˆ
(a) 0 (b) 0
2 t 2
ij  
c 0 I c 0 I
(c)
1 ˆ ˆ
i j  (d)  kˆ
2 c t  r
2 2 2
2 2 c t  r
2 2 2
Ans. : (d)
 
 A A   I r 1  2c 2 t 
c   .
Solution: E   
t

t
E 0
 
2 ct  c 2 t 2  r 2  r  
2 c 2t 2  r 2


  c 0 I
E kˆ
2 c t  r
2 2 2
NET/JRF -(JUNE-2012)
 1   10  
Q12. The magnetic field corresponding to the vector potential A  F  r  3 r , where F is
2 r
a constant vector, is
   30   30 
(a) F (b)  F (c) F  4 r (d) F  4 r
r r
Ans. : (a)

   1   
    r  
Solution: B    A    F  r  10   3  . Since F is a constant vector, let
2  r 
xˆ yˆ zˆ
  
F  F0  xˆ  yˆ  zˆ  , F  r  F0 F0 F0  xˆ  z  y F0  yˆ  z  x F0  zˆ  y  x F0
x y z
xˆ yˆ zˆ
  

 F r   
x

y

z
 xˆF0  F0   yˆ  F0  F0   zˆF0  F0   2 F0  xˆ  yˆ  zˆ 
z  y F0 x  z F0
 y  x F0
  r
1   
  
   F  r  F0  xˆ  yˆ  zˆ   F ,   3  0 . Thus B  F
2 r
Q13. An electromagnetic wave is incident on a water-air interface. The phase of the
perpendicular component of the electric field, E  , of the reflected wave into the water is
found to remain the same for all angles of incidence. The phase of the magnetic field H
(a) does not change (b) changes by 3 / 2
(c) changes by  / 2 (d) changes by 
Ans. : (d)
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Q14. The magnetic field at a distance R from a long straight wire carrying a steady current I
is proportional to
(a) IR (b) I / R 2 (c) I 2 / R 2 (d) I / R
Ans. : (d)
Q15. Which of the following questions is Lorentz invariant?
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
(a) E  B (b) E  B (c) E  B (d) E B
Ans. : (b)
Q16. Charges Q, Q and 2Q are placed on the vertices of an equilateral triangle ABC of
sides of length a , as shown in the figure. The dipole moment of this configuration of
charges, irrespective of the choice of origin, is - 2Q
ĵ C
(a)  2aQ iˆ a
a
(b)  3aQ ˆj
A B
Q a Q
(c)  3aQ ˆj
(d) 0 iˆ
Ans. : (c)
Solution: Let coordinates of A is (l, m), then
 a   3a  ˆ 
 
   
p  qi ri   Q liˆ  mˆj  Q l  a iˆ  mˆj  2Q  l  iˆ   m   j
2  
 2  

      

p  Q liˆ  mˆj  Q l  a iˆ  mˆj  Q 2l  a iˆ  2m  3a ˆj  p   3aQˆj
mr
Q17. The vector potential A due to a magnetic moment m at a point r is given by A  .
r3
If m is directed along the positive z -axis, the x - component of the magnetic field, at the
point r , is
3myz 3mxy 3mxz 3mz 2  xy 
(a) (b)  (c) (d)
r5 r5 r5 r5
Ans. : (c)

Solution: m  mzˆ and
   m
 
 
B    A  3 2 cos rˆ  sin ˆ  3 3m  rˆ rˆ  m
r r
1
 1  
 xxˆ  yyˆ  zzˆ  r  3mxz
B  3 3mzˆ     mzˆ   Bx  5
r   r r  r
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NET/JRF -(DEC-2012)
Q18. Three charges are located on the circumference of a circle of radius R as shown in the
figure below. The two charges Q subtend an angle 900 at the centre Q Q
of the circle. The charge q is symmetrically placed with respect to
the charges Q . If the electric field at the centre of the circle is zero,
what is the magnitude of Q ?
q
(a) q / 2 (b) 2q (c) 2q (d) 4q
Ans. : (a)
1 Q 1 q
Solution: E1  E 2  and E3 
4 0 R 2
4 0 R 2
q
Resultant of E1 and E 2 is E  E12  E 22  2E1 , Thus E3  E  Q 
2
Q19. Consider a hollow charged shell of inner radius a and outer radius b . The volume
k
charge density is  r   ( k is constant) in the region a  r  b . The magnitude of the
r2
electric field produced at distance r  a is
k b  a 
(a) for all r  a ,
 0r 2
k b  a  kb
(b) for a  r  b and for r  b
 0r 2
 0r 2
k r  a  k b  a 
(c) for a  r  b and for r  b
 0r 2
 0r 2
k r  a  k b  a 
(d) for a  r  b and for r  b
 0a 2
 0r 2
Ans. : (c)
  1 1 1 k
Solution: For r  a :  E.da  E (4 r 2 )  Qenc    dV   2 r sin  drd d
2
0 0 0 r
4 k r 4 k  k ra
E (4 r 2 )  a dr  (r  a)  E   rˆ
0 0  0  r 2 
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4 k b 4 k  k  ba 
For r  b : E 4 r 2  a dr  (b  a)  E   rˆ
0 0  0  r 2 
Q20. Consider the interference of two coherent electromagnetic waves whose electric field
 
vectors are given by E1  iˆE 0 cos  t and E 2  ˆjE 0 cos t    where  is the phase
0
difference. The intensity of the resulting wave is given by E 2 , where E 2 is the
2
time average of E 2 . The total intensity is
(a) 0 (b)  0 E 02 (c)  0 E 02 sin 2  (d)  0 E 02 cos 2 
Ans. : (a)
Solution: Since waves are polarized in perpendicular direction hence there will be no
interference.
Q21. Four charges (two  q and two q ) are kept fixed at the four vertices of a square of side
a as shown. At the point P which is at a distance R from the centre  R  a  , the

q q
potential is proportional to
(a) 1/ R (b) 1/ R 2 a R P
(c) 1/ R 3
(d) 1/ R 4
q q
Ans. : (c)
Solution: Given configuration is quadrupole.
Q22. A point charges q of mass m is kept at a distance d below a grounded infinite
conducting sheet which lies in the xy - plane. For what value of d will the charge
remains stationary?
(a) q / 4 mg 0 (b) q / mg 0
(c) There is no finite value of d (d) mg 0 / q
Ans. : (a)
Solution: There is attractive force between point charge q and grounded conducting sheet that
1q2 q
can be calculate from method of images i.e.  mg  d 
4 0 2d  2
4 mg 0
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Q23. An infinite solenoid with its axis of symmetry along the z -direction carries a steady
current I .
 ẑ
The vector potential A at a distance R from the axis
(a) is constant inside and varies as R outside the solenoid
R
(b) varies as R inside and is constant outside the solenoid
1
(c) varies as inside and as R outside the solenoid
R
1
(d) varies as R inside and as outside the solenoid
R
Ans. : (d)
Q24. Consider an infinite conducting sheet in the xy -plane with a time dependent current
density Kt iˆ , where K is a constant. The vector potential at  x, y , z  is given

0 K 
by A  ct  z 2 iˆ . The magnetic field B is
4c
 0 Kt ˆ  0 Kz ˆ 0 K 0 K
(a) j (b)  j (c)  ct  z iˆ (d)  ct  z  ˆj
2 2c 2c 2c
Ans. : (d)
Ax  K
Solution: B    A  yˆ =  0 ct  z  ˆj
z 2c

Q25. When a charged particle emits electromagnetic radiation, the electric field E and the
 1   1 1
Poynting vector S  E  B at a larger distance r from emitter vary as n and m
0 r r
respectively. Which of the following choices for n and m are correct?
(a) n  1 and m  1 (b) n  2 and m  2
(c) n  1 and m  2 (d) n  2 and m  4
Ans. : (c)
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Q26. A particle of charge e and mass m is located at the midpoint of the line joining two fixed
collinear dipoles with unit charges as shown in the figure. (The particle is constrained to
move only along the line joining the dipoles). Assuming that the length of the dipoles is
much shorter than their separation, the natural frequency of oscillation of the particle is
R R
  e, m  
2d 2d
6eR 2 6eR 6ed 2 6ed

(a) (b) (c) (d)
 0 md 5  0 md 4  0 mR 5  0 mR 4
Ans. : (d)
Solution: Let us displace the charge particle by small R R
amount x at A . Then the resultant electric field at
x
point A is given by   
 e, m A
2p  1 1  6d
E   3 
 x, 2d 2d
4 0  R  x  3
R  x    0 R 4
6ed k 6ed
F  eE   x . Then,    (where p  1 2d  2d )
 0 R 4
m  0 mR 4
Q27. A current I is created by a narrow beam of protons moving in vacuum with constant
 
velocity u . The direction and magnitude, respectively of the Poynting vector S outside the
beam at a radial distance r (much larger than the width of the beam) from the axis, are
   I2    I2
(a) S  u and S   (b) S ||  u  and S  
4 2  0 u r 2 4 2  0 u r 4
   I2    I2
(c) S || u and S   (d) S || u and S  
4 2  0 u r 2 4 2  0 u r 4
Ans. : (c)
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Solution: Let charge per unit length be  , hence I   u in z -direction.
0 I ˆ
The magnetic field at a distance r is B  .
2r
 I
The electric field at a distance r is E  rˆ  rˆ .
2 0 r 2 0 ur
EB I2
Hence Poynting vector S   zˆ
0 4 2  0 ur 2

Q28. If the electric and magnetic fields are unchanged when the potential A changes (in
  
suitable units) according to A  A  r̂ , where r  r t r̂ , then the scalar potential  must
simultaneously change to
(a)   r (b)   r (c)    r /  t (d)    r /  t
Ans. : (c)
Solution: A  A    A  rˆ    /  r  1    r  C
V  V   / t V   r / t
Q29. Consider an axially symmetric static charge distribution of the form,
2
r 
   0  0  e  r / r0 cos 2 
r
The radial component of the dipole moment due to this charge distribution is
(a) 2 0 r04 (b)  0 r04 (c)  0 r04 (d)  0 r04 / 2
Ans. : (a)
2
r 
Solution: p   r  r d      r    0  0  e  r  / r0 cos 2   r  2 sin dr dd
V  r 
  2
 dr  sin  d  cos 2  d  20 r04

 r  / r0
p r 0 0
2
r e
r  0 0 0
Q30. The components of a vector potential A   A0 , A1 , A2 , A3  are given by
A  k  xyz, yzt , zxt , xyt 
where k is a constant. The three components of the electric field are

(a) k  yz, zx, xy  (b) k  x, y, z  (c) 0, 0, 0  (d) k  xt , yt , zt 
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Ans. : (c)
Solution: A   , Ax , Ay , Az     kxyz, Ax  kyzt , Ay  kzxt , Az  kxyt

A
Since   k  yzxˆ  xzyˆ  xyzˆ  and  k  yzxˆ  xzyˆ  xyzˆ 
t

 A
E     k  yzxˆ  xzyˆ  xyzˆ   k  yzxˆ  xzyˆ  xyzˆ   0  E  0,0,0 
t
Q31. An oscillating current I t   I 0 exp it  flows in the direction of the y -axis through a
thin metal sheet of area 1.0 cm 2 kept in the xy -plane. The rate of total energy radiated
per unit area from the surfaces of the metal sheet at a distance of 100 m is
(a) I 0 / 12 0 c 3  (b) I 02 2 / 12 0 c 3 
(c) I 02 3 / 12 0 c 3  (d) I 02 4 / 12 0c 3 
Ans. : (d)
NET/JRF -(DEC-2013)
Q32. A horizontal metal disc rotates about the vertical axis in a uniform magnetic field
pointing up as shown in the figure. A circuit is made by connecting one end A of a
resistor to the centre of the disc and the other end B to its edge through a sliding contact.
The current that flows through the resistor is
B
A B
(a) zero (b) DC from A to B

(c) DC from B to A (d) AC
Ans. : (b)
Q33. The force between two long and parallel wires carrying currents I 1 and I 2 and separated
by a distance D is proportional to
(b) I 1  I 2  / D (c) I 1 I 2 / D 
2
(a) I 1 I 2 / D (d) I 1 I 2 / D 2
Ans. : (a)
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Q34. The electric field of an electromagnetic wave is given by

E  E 0 cos 0.3x  0.4 y  1000t kˆ .

The associated magnetic field B is
(a) 10 3 E 0 cos 0.3 x  0.4 y  1000t kˆ

(b) 10 4 E 0 cos 0.3 x  0.4 y  1000t  4iˆ  3 ˆj
(c) E cos 0.3 x  0.4 y  1000t 0.3iˆ  0.4 ˆj 
0
(d) 10 E cos 0.3 x  0.4 y  1000t 3iˆ  4 ˆj 

2
0
Ans. : (b)

Solution: k    0.3xˆ  0.4 yˆ  ,   1000 
kE
 0.3 xˆ  0.4 yˆ   E 0 cos 0.3x  0.4 y  1000t kˆ
1
B 
 
 B  10 4 E 0 cos 0.3x  0.4 y  1000t  4iˆ  3 ˆj  
Q35. A point charge q is placed symmetrically at a distance d from two perpendicularly
placed grounded conducting infinite plates as shown in the figure. The net force on the
charge (in units of 1 / 4 0 ) is
q
(a)
q2
8d 2
 
2 2  1 away from the corner
d
d
(b)
q2
8d 2
 
2 2  1 towards the corner
q2
(c) towards the corner
2 2d 2
3q 2 F3
(d) away from the corner d d
8d 2 q q
Ans. : (b) F1
F2 d
q2 q2
Solution: F 1  F 2  k and F 3  k
4d 2 8d 2 d
q 2 q q
Resultant of F 1 , F 2 is F12  F12  F22  2 2k . 2d
8d 2
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q
 
2
Net force F  k 2 2 2  1 (towards the corner)
8d
Q36. If the electrostatic potential V r ,  ,   in a charge free region has the form
V  r ,  ,    f  r  cos  , then the functional form of f r  (in the following a and b are
constants) is:
b b b r
(a) ar 2  (b) ar  (c) ar  (d) a ln 
r r2 r b
Ans. : (b)
1   V  1   V  1   2V 
Solution:  V  2  r 2  2  sin   2 2  2 0
2
r r  r  r sin      r sin    
1   2 f  1 
 r cos    2 sin  f    sin     0
r r  r  r sin  
2
cos   2 2 f f  f
  r 2  2r   2  2sin  cos    0
r2  r r  r sin 
2 f f
 r2  2r  2 f  r   0
r
2
r
b
f r   ar  satisfy the above equation.
r2
Q37. Let four point charges q,  q / 2, q and  q / 2 be placed at the vertices of a square of
side a . Let another point charge  q be placed at the centre of the square (see the figure).
q/2 q
q
q q/2
Let V r  be the electrostatic potential at a point P at a distance r  a from the centre
of the square. Then V 2r  / V r  is
1 1 1
(a) 1 (b) (c) (d)
2 4 8
Ans. : (d)
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q q
Solution: According to multipole expansion Qmono    q   q  q  0
2 2
 q q  q q q   q q  qq q 
p  q  xˆ  yˆ     xˆ  yˆ   0  q   xˆ  yˆ    xˆ  yˆ   0
2 2  2 2 2   2 2  22 2 
1 V 2r  1
Thus, V    .
r 3
V r  8
Q38.    
Let V , A and V , A denote two sets of scalar and vector potentials, and  is a scalar
function. Which of the following transformations leave the electric and magnetic fields
(and hence Maxwell’s equations) unchanged?
 
(a) A  A   and V   V  (b) A  A   and V   V  2
t t
 
(c) A  A   and V   V  (d) A  A   and V   V 
t t
Ans. : (a)
JRF/NET–(JUNE-2014)

Q39. A time-dependent current I t   Ktzˆ (where K is a constant) is switched on at t  0 in
an infinite current-carrying wire. The magnetic vector potential at a perpendicular
distance a from the wire is given (for time t  a / c ) by
 0 K c t a  K
2 2 2
ct
ct  a 2  z 2 t
4 c  c t  a  dz a
(a) zˆ dz (b) zˆ 0
2 2 a 2  z 2 1 / 2
2
4  ct
2
 z2  1/ 2
c 2t 2  a 2
 K ct ct  a 2  z 2  K t
(c) zˆ 0  dz (d) zˆ 0  dz
4 c ct a 2  z 2 1 / 2 4  c 2t 2  a 2 a 2
 z2 
1/ 2
Ans. : (a)
  
I  tr  0 
K t  R / c  I
Solution: A  zˆ 0
4 

R
dz  zˆ
4 

R
dz
dz
z R
 0 K c t  a
2 2 2
ct  a 2  z 2
4 c  c2t 2 a2
 A  zˆ dz
  P
1/2
a2  z2 a
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Q40. A current i p flows through the primary coil of a transformer. The graph of i p t  as a
function of time t is shown in the figure below.

i p t 
1 2 3 t
Which of the following graphs represents the current i S in the secondary coil?
is  t  is  t 
(a) (b)
1 2 3 t
1 2 3 t
is  t  is  t 
(c) (d)
1 2 3t
1 2 3t
Ans. : (c)
di p
Solution: is  
dt
Q41. If the electrostatic potential in spherical polar coordinates is
 r    0 e  r / r
0
where  0 and r0 are constants, then the charge density at a distance r  r0 will be
 0 0 e 0 0  0 0 2e 0 0
(a) (b) (c)  (d) 
er 0
2
2r02 er 0
2
r02
Ans. : (a)

Solution:   2       0   2 
0
1   2   1   2 0  r / r0  1 0  2  r / r0
 2  2 r  2 r  e
r r  r  r r  r0
 2
r r r
r e  
 0
1 0  2 1  r / r0    1 2 
  2   r   e  2re  r / r0    0   e  r / r0  e  r / r0 
r r0 
2
r0  r0  r0 r 
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  1 2      
At a distance r  r0 ,  2   0  e 1  e 1    20     0   20   02 0
r0  r0 r0  r0 e  r0 e  r0 e

Q42. If A  yziˆ  zxˆj  xykˆ and C is the circle of unit radius in the plane defined by z  1 ,
 
with the centre on the z - axis, then the value of the integral  A  d  is
C
 
(a) (b)  (c) (d) 0
2 4
Ans. : (d)
iˆ ˆj kˆ
    
Solution:   A   iˆ  x  x   ˆj  y  y   kˆ  z  z   0
x y z
yz zx xy
    

Since  A  d      A  d a  0
C

S
Q43. Consider an electromagnetic wave at the interface between two homogenous dielectric
media of dielectric constants  1 and  2 . Assuming  2   1 and no charges on the surface,
 
the electric field vector E and the displacement vector D in the two media satisfy the
following inequalities
       
(a) E 2  E1 and D2  D1 (b) E 2  E1 and D2  D1
       
(c) E 2  E1 and D2  D1 (d) E 2  E1 and D2  D1
Ans. : (c)
Q44. A charge  e  is placed in vacuum at the point d ,0,0  , where d  0 . The region x  0
d 
is filled uniformly with a metal. The electric field at the point  ,0,0  is
2 
10e 10e
(a)  1, 0, 0 (b) 1, 0, 0
9 0 d 2
9 0 d 2
e e
(c) 1, 0, 0 (d)  1, 0, 0
 0 d 2  0 d 2
Ans. : (b)

Solution: E

d
E
2 P
x
e d 0 d e
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1 e 1 4e 1 e 1 4e
E   and E  
4 0  3d / 2  2
4 0 9d 2
4 0  d / 2  2
4 0 d 2
Thus resultant electric field at point P is

1 4e 1 4e 1 40e 1 10e  1 10e
E  E  E      E xˆ
4 0 9d 2
4 0 d 2
4 0 9d 2
9 0 d 2
9 0 d 2
Q45. A beam of light of frequency  is reflected from a dielectric-metal interface at normal
incidence. The refractive index of the dielectric medium is n and that of the metal is
n 2  n1  i  . If the beam is polarised parallel to the interface, then the phase change
experienced by the light upon reflection is
(a) tan 2 /   (b) tan 1 1 /   (c) tan 1 2 /   (d) tan 1 2  
Ans. : (c)
 1     v c/n
Solution: Since E 0 R    E0 I where   1   1  i
 1  
 v 2 c / n 1  i  
 i      ei /2     i /2   

 E0 R   E     
E e E0 I where tan   .
  4  e   4  
 2  i 
0 I i 0 I

2
 
2
 2
2 2
Thus phase change     / 2     tan   cot      tan 1  
 
Q46. A thin, infinitely long solenoid placed along the z - axis contains a magnetic flux  .
Which of the following vector potentials corresponds to the magnetic field at an arbitrary
point x, y, z  ?
   
(a) Ax , Ay , Az    
y x
, ,0 
 2 x  y 2 x  y
2 2 2 2

   
(b) Ax , Ay , Az    
y x
, ,0 
 2 x  y  z 2 x  y  z
2 2 2 2 2 2

  x y  x y 
(c) Ax , Ay , Az     , ,0 
 2 x  y 2 x  y
2 2 2 2

   
(d) Ax , Ay , Az    
x y
, ,0 
 2 x  y 2 x  y
2 2 2 2

Ans. : (a)
  
Solution: B    A  0
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Q47. An electromagnetically-shielded room is designed so that at a frequency   10 7 rad/s
the intensity of the external radiation that penetrates the room is 1% of the incident
 10 6 m  is the conductivity of the shielding material, its

1 1
radiation. If  
2
minimum thickness should be (given that ln 10  2.3 )
(a) 4.60 mm (b) 2.30 mm (c) 0.23 mm (d) 0.46 mm
Ans. : (b)
1  I0 
Solution: I  I 0 e 2 z  z 
2  I 
ln
I0  1 1
where  100,     106  4  107  107  103
I 2 2 2
1
z ln 100   2.30 mm
2  103
Q48. A charged particle is at a distance d from an infinite conducting plane maintained at zero
potential. When released from rest, the particle reaches a speed u at a distance d / 2 from
the plane. At what distance from the plane will the particle reach the speed 2u ?
(a) d / 6 (b) d / 3 (c) d / 4 (d) d / 5
Ans. : (d) x
d x
2
1 q d x2
A2
q 2
Solution: F  ma  m   2   2 where A  . P q
dt 2
4 0 4d 2
dt x 16 m 0
d
dv A dv A dx 1 d 2 d  A

dt
 2 v
x dt
 2
x dt

2 dt
v   
dt  x 
  0
v2 A A 1 1 d
   C at  x  d , v  0  C    v  2 A    .
2 x d x d q
 1 1 2A 1 1 d
Thus u  2 A    then 2u  2 A     x 
d /2 d  d x d 5
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Q49. A charged particle moves in a helical path under the influence of a constant
magnetic field. The initial velocity is such that the component along the
magnetic field is twice the component in the plane normal to the magnetic l
field.
The ratio  / R of the pitch  to the radius R of the helical path is 2R
(a)  / 2 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d) 
Ans. : (b)
Solution: v  2v
2 R 2 R l
Pitch of the helix l  vT  v  2v  4 R   4
v v R
Q50. A parallel beam of light of wavelength  is incident normally on a thin polymer film
with air on both sides. If the film has a refractive index n  1 , then second-order bright
fringes can be observed in reflection when the thickness of the film is
(a)  / 4n (b)  / 2n (c) 3 / 4n (d)  / n
Ans. : (c)

Solution: For constructive interference: 2nd cos    2m  1
2
For normal incidence   0  and second order  m  1
 3
 2nd cos 0   2 1  1 d 
2 4n
Q51. A solid sphere of radius R has a charge density, given by
 ar 
 r    0 1  
 R
where r is the radial coordinate and  0 , a and R are positive constants. If the
magnitude of the electric field at r  R / 2 is 1.25 times that at r  R , then the value of a
is
(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 1 / 2 (d) 1 / 4
Ans. : (b)
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r
  1  1  ar 
Solution:  E .d a  Qenc  E  4 r 2   0 1   4 r 2 dr
S
0 0 0  R 
40  2 ar 3  4 0  r 3 ar 4  0  r ar 2 
 r 
 0 0 
 E  4 r  2
r   dr     E    
R   0  3 4R   0  3 4R 
0  R / 2 aR 2 / 4  0  R aR 2 
 Er  R / 2  1.25 Er  R      1.25   
0  3 4R   0  3 4R 
 1 a  5  1 a   1 a   5 5a  5a a 5 1
            
 6 16  4  3 4   6 16   12 16  16 16 12 6
4a 5  2 a 3
     a 1
16 12 4 12
Q52. The electrostatic lines of force due to a system of four point charges
is sketched here. At large distance r , the leading asymptotic
behaviour of the electrostatic potential is proportional to
(a) r (b) r 1
(c) r 2 (d) r 3
Ans. : (d)
1
Solution: The given electrostatic line of force is due to a quadrupole. So V  .
r3
Q53. A plane electromagnetic wave incident normally on the surface of a material is partially
reflected. Measurements on the standing wave in the region in front of the interface such
that the ratio of the electric field amplitude at the maxima and the minima is 5. The ratio
of the reflected intensity to the incident intensity is
(a) 4 / 9 (b) 2 / 3 (c) 2 / 5 (d) 1 / 5
Ans. : (a)
E0 I  E0 R E 2
Solution:  5  E0 I  E0 R  5  E0 I  E0 R   6 E0 R  4 E0 I  0 R 
E0 I  E0 R E0 I 3
2
I E  4
 R   0R  
I I  E0 I  9
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
Q54. A non-relativistic particle of mass m and charge e , moving with a velocity v and

acceleration a , emits radiation of intensity I . What is the intensity of the radiation
 
emitted by a particle of mass m / 2 , charge 2e , velocity v / 2 and acceleration 2a ?
(a) 16 I (b) 8 I (c) 4 I (d) 2 I
Ans. : (a)
q 2 a 2 sin 2  I 2 q22 a22 I 2 4e 2  4a 2
Solution:  I       16  I 2  16 I
r2 I1 q12 a12 I e2 a 2
Q55. A Plane electromagnetic wave is travelling along the positive z -direction. The maximum
electric field along the x - direction is 10 V / m . The approximate maximum values of the
power per unit area and the magnetic induction B , respectively, are
(a) 3.3  107 watts / m 2 and 10 tesla
(b) 3.3  107 watts / m 2 and 3.3  108 tesla
(c) 0.265 watts / m 2 and 10 tesla
(d) 0.265 watts / m 2 and 3.3 108 tesla

Ans. (d)
P 1 1
 c 0 E02   3 108  8.86 1012  10   0.132 W / m 2
2
Solution: E0  10V / m, I 
A 2 2
E0 10
B0    3.3  108 Tesla
c 3 10 8
 
Q56.    
Which of the following transformations V , A  V ', A ' of the electrostatic potential

V and the vector potential A is a gauge transformation?
   

(a) V   V  ax, A  A  at kˆ  
(b) V   V  ax, A  A  at kˆ 
   

(c) V   V  ax, A  A  at iˆ  
(d) V   V  ax, A  A  at iˆ 
Ans. (d)
 
Solution: V   V     ax    axt  c
t t
  
   atiˆ  0 . Thus, A  A  atxˆ
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Q57. Suppose the yz -plane forms a chargeless boundary between two media of permittivities
left and right where left :right  1: 2 , if the uniform electric field on the left is
 
 
Eleft  c iˆ  ˆj  kˆ (where c is a constant), then the electric field on the right Eright is

(a) c 2iˆ  ˆj  kˆ  
(b) c iˆ  2 ˆj  2kˆ 
1   1 1 
(c) c  iˆ  ˆj  kˆ  (d) c  iˆ  ˆj  kˆ 
2   2 2 
Ans. (c) y
1 2
 
Solution: E1  c ˆj  kˆ  E2
1 
D1  D2 1 E1 2 E2  E21  E1
2 x
1 ˆ  1 
 E2  ci  E2  c  iˆ  ˆj  kˆ 
2 2  z
Q58. A proton moves with a speed of 300 m / s in a circular orbit in the xy -plan in a magnetic
field 1 tesla along the positive z - direction. When an electric field of 1 V / m is applied
along the positive y -direction, the center of the circular orbit
(a) remains stationary
(b) moves at 1 m / s along the negative x  direction
(c) moves at 1 m / s along the positive z  direction
(d) moves at 1 m / s along the positive x  direction
z
Ans. (d)

Solution: Change particle will deflect in  x -direction with B
E 1 y
v  1 m/ s . 
B 1 E
x
Q59. Consider a rectangular wave guide with transverse dimensions 2 m  1 m driven with an
angular frequency   109 rad / s . Which transverse electric TE  modes will propagate
in this wave guide?

(a) TE10 , TE01 and TE20 (b) TE01 , TE11 and TE20
(c) TE01 , TE10 and TE11 (d) TE01 , TE10 and TE22
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Ans. (a)
m2 n2
Solution: mn  C 
a 2 b2
c 3 108  3.14
10    4.71 108 rod / sec
a 2
c 3 108  3.14
01    9.42 108 rod / sec
b 1
1 1
11  c  2  10.53 108 rod / sec
a b
2
2c
20   9.72 108 rod / sec
a
4 4
22  c  2  10.5  108 rod / sec
a b
2
Since   10 , 01 , 20
Q60. The electric and magnetic fields in the charge free region z  0 are given by
 
E  r , t   E0 e  k1z cos  k2 x  t  ˆj
  E
B  r , t   0 e  k1z  k1 sin  k2 x  t  iˆ  k2 cos  k2 x  t  kˆ 
  
where  , k1 and k2 are positive constants. The average energy flow in the x -direction is
E02 k2 2 k1z E02 k2 E02 k1 2 k1z 1
(a) e (b) e 2 k1z (c) e (d) c 0 E02 e 2 k1 z
20 0 20 2
Ans. (a)
 1   E 2 e 2 k1 z 
Solution: S 
0

EB  0
0  1
  
k cos  sin   kˆ  k2 cos 2  iˆ  , where   k2 x  t

 k E 2 e 2 k1 z E02 k2 2 k1 z
 S  2 0  e
2 0 20
Q61. A uniform magnetic field in the positive z -direction passes through a circular wire loop
of radius 1 cm and resistance 1  lying in the xy -plane. The field strength is reduced
from 10 tesla to 9 tesla in 1s . The charge transferred across any point in the wire is
approximately
(a) 3.1104 coulomb (b) 3.4 104 coulomb
(c) 4.2 104 coulomb (d) 5.2  104 coulomb
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Ans. (a)
d dq  1 d A  r 2
Solution:    I     dq   dB  dB
dt dt R R dt R R
 
2
3.14  102
 dq   1  3.14  104 coulomb
1
Q62. A rod of length L carries a total charge Q distributed uniformly. If this is observed in a
frame moving with a speed v along the rod, the charge per unit length (as measured by
the moving observer) is
Q  v2  Q v2 Q Q
(a) 1  2  (b) 1 2 (c) (d)
L c  L c v2  v2 
L 1 L 1  2 
c2  c 
Ans. : (c)
0 Q
Solution:   
v2
v2
1 L 1
c2 c2
NET/JRF–(DEC-2015)
Q63. A hollow metallic sphere of radius a , which is kept at a potential V0 has a charge Q at its
centre. The potential at a point outside the sphere, at a distance r from the centre, is
Q Va Q V a2 V0 a
(a) V0 (b)  0 (c)  02 (d)
4 0 r r 4 0 r r r
Ans. : (d)
Q
Solution: Let charge on conductor is Q , then V0 
4 0 a
Q Va
Now V V  0
4 0 r r
Q64. Consider a charge Q at the origin of 3 - dimensional coordinate system. The
flux of the electric field through the curved surface of a cone that has a height
h
h and a circular base of radius R (as shown in the figure) is
R Q
Q Q hQ QR
(a) (b) (c) (d)
0 2 0 R 0 2h 0
Ans. : (b)
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Q65. Given a uniform magnetic field B  B0 kˆ (where B0 is a constant), a possible choice for
the magnetic vector potential A is
(a) B0 yiˆ (b)  B0 yiˆ 

(c) B0 xjˆ  yiˆ  
(d) B0 xiˆ  yjˆ 
Ans. : (b)
 
Solution: (a)   A   B0 kˆ
 
(b)   A  B0 kˆ
 
(c)   A  0
 
(d)   A  0
Q66. A beam of unpolarized light in a medium with dielectric constant 1 is reflected from a
plane interface formed with another medium of dielectric constant 2  3 1 . The two
media have identical magnetic permeability. If the angle of incidence is 600 , then the
reflected light
(a) is plane polarized perpendicular to the plane of incidence
(b) is plane polarized parallel to the plane of incidence
(c) is circularly polarized
(d) has the same polarization as the incident light
Ans. : (a)
n  I
Solution:  B  tan 1  2 
1
 n1 
2
 2 
 B  tan 1 
  
  tan
1
3  
 1
  B  600 (hence reflected light is plane polarized perpendicular to plane of incidence))
Q67. A small magnetic needle is kept at  0, 0  with its moment along the x -axis. Another
small magnetic needle is at the point 1,1 and is free to rotate in the xy - plane. In
equilibrium the angle  between their magnetic moments is such that

1
(a) tan   (b) tan   0 (c) tan   3 (d) tan   1
3
Ans. : (c)
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      mm
 
Solution: U  0 3  m1  m2  3  m1  rˆ  m2  rˆ    U  0 1 3 2 cos   3cos 450 cos   450 
4 r 4 r
For stable position energy is minimum i.e.
 r̂ y
 mm  m
U 
3
 
2
 0  0 1 3 2   sin   sin   450   0 r
 4 r  2 
450 
 x
3  sin  cos   m1
 sin       tan   3
2 2 2 
so, option (c) is correct .

Q68. A dipole of moment p , oscillating at frequency  , radiates spherical waves. The vector
potential at large distance is
   eikr 
A  r   0 i p
4 r
1  
To order   the magnetic field B at a point r  rnˆ is
r
0  2  eikr 0  2  eikr
(a)    nˆ
n
ˆ  p (b)   n
ˆ  p 
4 C r 4 C r
0 2   eikr  0  2  eikr
(c)   k  nˆ  p  p (d)  p
4 r 4 C r
Ans. : (b)
 
Solution: Let p  pzˆ , then B must be in ˆ direction.

Check nˆ  p  rˆ  zˆ  ˆ . So, correct option is (b).
Q69. The frequency dependent dielectric constant of a material is given by
A
    1  2
0   2  i
where A is a positive constant, 0 is the resonant frequency and  is the damping
coefficient. For an electromagnetic wave of angular frequency   0 , which of the

following is true? (Assume that  1 ).
0
(a) There is negligible absorption of the wave
(b) The wave propagation is highly dispersive
(c) There is strong absorption of the electromagnetic wave
(d) The group velocity and the phase velocity will have opposite sign
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Ans. : (a)
Solution: When   0 , there is negligible absorption of the wave.
Q70. Four equal charges of Q , each are kept at the vertices of a square of side R . A particle
of mass m and charge Q is placed in the plane of the square at a short distance
a   R  from the centre. If the motion of the particle is confined to the plane, it will
undergo small oscillations with an angular frequency
Q2 Q2
(a) (b)
2 0 R 3 m  0 R 3m
2Q 2 Q2
(c) (d)
 0 R 3 m 4 0 R 3m
Ans. : (c)
kQ Q Q
Solution: E1  E2   
 R  R2 
2
E2 E1 y
 a    
 2 4 
a x
Resultant field E12, y  2 E1 cos 
R /2
2kQ  R 2kQ  R
E12, y  a    a   Q R /2 Q
 2  2
3 3
 R  R2 
2 2  R2  2
 a      
 2 4   2 
4 2kQ  R
E12, y  a  
R 3
 2
Q R /2 Q
kQ R
Similarly; E3  E4   2 a
 R  R 
2 2
  a     
 2  4  E3 a E4
2kQ R 
Resultant E34, y  2 E3 cos    a
2 
3
 R  R 
2 2 2
  a    Q Q
 2  4 
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4 2kQ  R 
 E34, y    a
R 3
2 
4 2kQ  R  R  8 2kQ
Resultant E     a     a    a
R 3
 2  2  R3
8 2 1 2 2Q
E  Qa  E   a
R 3
4 0  0 R 3
2 2Q 2 2 2Q 2
 F  QE   a
 0 R 3  0 mR 3
Q71. Two parallel plate capacitors, separated by distances x and 1.1x respectively, have a
dielectric material of dielectric constant 3.0 inserted between the plates and are
connected to a battery of voltage V . The difference in charge on the second capacitor
compared to the first is
(a) 66% (b) 20% (c) 3.3% (d) 10%
Ans. : (d)
3 0 A 3 A
Solution: Q1  C1V1  V , Q2  C2V2  0 V
x 1.1x
 1  3 A
  1  0 V
Q2  Q1 x
 100%  
1.1 
 100  9%
Q1 3  A
0
V
x
Q72. The half space region x  0 and x  0 are filled with dielectric
x0 x0
media of dielectric constants 1 and  2 respectively. There is a 2 1 
uniform electric field in each part. In the right half, the electric field 1 E1
makes an angle 1 to the interface. The corresponding angle  2 in

the left half satisfies 2
(a) 1 sin  2   2 sin 1 (b) 1 tan  2   2 tan 1 
E2
(c) 1 tan 1   2 tan  2 (d) 1 sin 1   2 sin  2
Ans. : (c)
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
E1
tan 1 E E 
Solution:
tan  2
 1  1
E E2

 E1  E2 
2

E2
E1  2 tan 1  2
D1  D2  1 E1   2 E2      1 tan 1   2 tan  2
E2 1

tan  2 1
Q73. The x - and z -components of a static magnetic field in a region are Bx  B0 x 2  y 2  

and Bz  0 , respectively. Which of the following solutions for its y -component is
consistent with the Maxwell equations?
(a) By  B0 xy (b) By  2 B0 xy
1 

(c) By   B0 x 2  y 2  (d) By  B0  x3  xy 2 
3 
Ans. : (b)
 
Solution: Bx  B0 x 2  y 2 , Bz  0
  B By Bz By B

  B  0  x   0   x  2 B0 x  By  2 B0 xy
x y z y x
Q74. A magnetic field B is Bzˆ in the region x  0 and zero elsewhere. A rectangular loop, in
the xy -plane, of sides l (along the x -direction) and h (along the y - direction) is
inserted into the x  0 region from the x  0 region at constant velocity v  vxˆ . Which of
the following values of l and h will generate the largest EMF?
(a) l  8, h  3 (b) l  4, h  6 (c) l  6, h  4 (d) l  12, h  2
Ans. : (b) z
Solution: m  Bhx h
l
 dm v
  Bvh  h
dt y
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Q75. Consider a sphere S1 of radius R which carries a uniform charge
S2
R S
of density  . A smaller sphere S2 of radius a  is cut out and 1 P
2 
b 
removed from it. The centres of the two spheres are separated by r
 nR ˆ
the vector b  , as shown in the figure. The electric field at a
2
point P inside S2 is
R R  R a 
(a) nˆ (b)  r  na
ˆ  (c) nˆ (d) r
3 0 3 0 a 6 0 3 0 R
Ans. : (c)
  
Solution: Electric field at P due to S1 is E1  r
3 0 S2
   S1 
Electric field at P due to S2 (assume   ) is E2  r r
3 0 
   b  P
        
Thus E  E1  E2   r  r  ;  b  r  r  r  r  b r
3 0
   R   R 
E b nˆ  b  nˆ 
3 0 6 0  2 
Q76. The value of the electric and magnetic fields in a particular reference frame (in Gaussian
units) are E  3xˆ  4 yˆ and B  3 zˆ respectively. An inertial observer moving with respect
to this frame measures the magnitude of the electric field to be E   4 . The magnitude of
the magnetic field B measured by him is
(a) 5 (b) 9 (c) 0 (d) 1

Ans. : (c)
Solution:  E 2  B 2  E 2  B2  constant   9  16   9  16  B2  B  0
Q77. A loop of radius a , carrying a current I , is placed in a uniform magnetic field B . If the
 
normal to the loop is denoted by n̂ , the force F and the torque T on the loop are
     
(a) F  0 and T   a 2 I n̂ B (b) F  0 I  B
4
        1 
(c) F  0 I  B and T  I nˆ  B (d) F  0 and T  IB
4  0 0
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Ans. : (a)

Solution: In uniform field F  0
   
Torque T  m  B   a 2 Inˆ  B
Q78. A waveguide has a square cross-section of side 2a . For the TM modes of wave vector k ,
the transverse electromagnetic modes are obtained in terms of a function   x, y  which
obeys the equation

 2 2   2 
 2    2  k 2    x, y   0
 x y  c
2

with the boundary condition    a, y     x,  a   0 . The frequency  of the lowest
mode is given by
 4 2   2 
(a)  2  c 2  k 2  2  (b)  2  c 2  k 2  2 
 a   a 
 2 2   2 2 
(c)   c  k  2 
2 2
(d)   c  k  2 
2 2
 2a   4a 
Ans. : (c)
Solution: c 2 k 2   2  mn
2
  2  c 2 k 2  mn
2
 m2 n2   1 1 
 mn
2
 c 2 2  2  2   112  c 2 2   
a b    2a   2a  
2 2
1 c 2 2 2 2 2 
 112  c 2 2     2
 c  k  
2a 2 2a 2  2a 2 
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NET/JRF -(DEC-2016)
Q79. A screen has two slits, each of width w with their centres at a distance 2 w apart. It is
illuminated by a monochromatic plane wave travelling along the x -axis.
The intensity of the interference pattern, measured on a distant screen, at an angle
n
 to the x -axis is
w
w
(a) zero for n  1, 2,3... 
w x
(b) maximum for n  1, 2,3...
1 3 5 w
(c) maximum for n  , , ...
2 2 2
(d) zero for n  0 only
Ans. : (a)
Solution: maximum for n  0 and zero for n  1, 2,3... .
Q80. The electric field of an electromagnetic wave is

E  z , t   E0 cos  kz  t  iˆ  2 E0 sin  kz  t  ˆj
where  and k are positive constants. This represents

(a) a linearly polarised wave travelling in the positive z -direction
(b) a circularly polarised wave travelling in the negative z -direction
(c) an elliptically polarised wave travelling in the negative z -direction
(d) an unpolarised wave travelling in the positive z -direction
Ans. : (c)
Solution: Amplitude along iˆ is E0 and along ĵ is 2 E0 . So resultant wave is elliptically
polarised
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Q81. A conducting circular disc of radius r and resistivity  rotates with an angular velocity
 in a magnetic field B perpendicular to it. A voltmeter is connected as shown in the
figure below. Assuming its internal resistance to be infinite, the reading on the voltmeter
(a) depends on  , B, r and 
B
(b) depends on  , B and r but not on 
(c) is zero because the flux through the loop is not
changing
r V
(d) is zero because a current the flows in the direction
of B
Ans. : (b)
Solution: Force experienced by charge is
  
 
F  q v  B and v  r
Q82. The charge per unit length of a circular wire of radius a in the xy -plane, with its centre at
the origin, is   0 cos  , where 0 is a constant and the angle  is measured from the
positive x -axis. The electric field at the centre of the circle is

 0  0
(a) E   iˆ (b) E  iˆ
4 0  4 0 
 0  0
(c) E   ˆj (d) E  kˆ
4 0  4 0 
Ans. : (a)
y
Solution: At centre O , direction of field is  x̂ . 0
So best option is (a)  0
o x
0
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Q83. A pair of parallel glass plates separated by a distance d is illuminated by white light as
shown in the figure below. Also shown in the graph of the intensity of the reflected light
I as a function of the wavelength  recorded by a spectrometer.
1
spectrometer
0.8
Intensity
partially incident 0.6
reflecting mirror white light 0.4
0.2
0
d air gap 490 500 510 520 530
glass plates    m
Assuming that the interference takes place only between light reflected by the bottom
surface of the top plate and the top surface of bottom plate, the distance d is closest to
(a) 12  m (b) 24  m (c) 60  m (d) 120  m
Ans. : (d)
 1
Solution: For constructive interference of reflected light, 2d cos   n    .
 2
 495 m
First maxima occurs at   495 m ,   00 and n  0 . Thus, d    120 m
4 4
Q84. Suppose that free charges are present in a material of dielectric constant  10 and
resistivity   1011   m . Using Ohm’s law and the equation of continuity for charge, the
1
time required for the charge density inside the material to decay by is closest to
e
(a) 106 S (b) 106 S (c) 1012 S (d) 10 S
Ans. : (d)
t
 8.8 1012  10
0r 1
Solution:  f  t    f  0  e ;   

,  10sec ,  
  10 11

Q85. A particle with charge q moves with a uniform angular velocity  in a circular orbit of
radius a in the xy - plane, around a fixed charge  q , which is at the centre of the orbit at
 0, 0, 0  . Let the intensity of radiation at the point  0, 0, R  be I1 and at  2 R, 0, 0  be ‘ I 2
I2
The ratio for R  a , is
I1
1 1
(a) 4 (b) (c) (d) 8
4 8
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Ans. : (c)
I 2 r13 R3 1
Solution:  3 
I1 r2  2 R  3
8
Q86. A parallel plate capacitor is formed by two circular conducting plates of radius a
separated by a distance d , where d  a . It is being slowly charged by a current that is
nearly constant. At an instant when the current is I , the magnetic induction between the
a
plates at a distance from the centre of the plate, is
2
0 I 0 I 0 I 0 I
(a) (b) (c) (d)
a 2 a a 4 a
Ans. : (d)
  Ir P
Solution: B  0 2 I a
2 a r
 I a
B  0 at r 
4 a 2
Q87. Two uniformly charged insulating solid spheres A and B , both of radius a , carry total
charges Q and Q , respectively. The spheres are placed touching each other as shown
in the figure.    
 A   B 
If the potential at the centre of the sphere A is VA and that at the
   
centre of B is VB then the difference VA  VB is
Q Q Q Q
(a) (b) (c) (d)
4 0 a 2 0 a 2 0 a 4 0 a
Ans. : (c)
3Q Q Q
Solution: VA   
8 0 a 4 0  2a  4 0 a
3Q Q Q
VB   
8 0 a 4 0  2a  4 0 a
Q
VA  VB 
2 0 a
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NET/JRF -(JUNE -2017)
Q88. Two long hollow co-axial conducting cylinders of radii R1 and R2  R1  R2  are placed
in vacuum as shown in the figure below.
2 R1 2 R2
The inner cylinder carries a charge   per unit length and the outer cylinder carries a
charge  per unit length. The electrostatic energy per unit length of this system is
2 2
(a)
 0
ln  R2 / R1  (b)
4 0
 R22 / R12 
2 2
(c) ln  R2 / R1  (d) ln  R2 / R1 
4 0 2 0
Ans. : (c)
  
Solution: r  R1 , E1  0 ; R1  r  R2 , E2  rˆ
2 0 r

r  Rz , E3  0
0  Rz 2
W  E 2 dz  0
2 all spce 2 R1 4 2 02 r 2
 2 rldr
W 0 2 R2 1 2 R 
l
 
2 2 02 R1 r
dr  ln  2 
4 0  R1 
Q89. A set of N concentric circular loops of wire, each carrying a steady current I in the
same direction, is arranged in a plane. The radius of the first loop is r1  a and the radius
of the n th loop is given by rn  nrn 1 . The magnitude B of the magnetic field at the centre
of the circles in the limit N   , is

(a) 0 I  e 2  1 / 4 a (b) 0 I  e  1 /  a
(c) 0 I  e 2  1 / 8a (d) 0 I  e  1 / 2a
Ans. : (d)
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 I1 1 1 1
Solution: B  0     ........ 
2  r1 r2 r3 rn 
r1  a
rn  nrn 1
r1  r0  a , r2  2r1  2a , r3  3r2  3.2a and r4  4r3  4.3.2a
0 I  1 1 1 
B 1     ....... 
2a  2 3.2 4.3.2 
0 I  N
1
B  
2a  n 1 n 

xn 
1 
1 
1
e    e    1      e 1
x
n 0 n n 0 n n 1 n n 1 n
 N 1 I
lim     e  1  B  0  e  1
N 
 n l n  2a
Q90. An electromagnetic wave (of wavelength 0 in free space) travels through an absorbing
I
medium with dielectric permittivity given by    R  i I where  3 . If the skin
R
0
depth is , the ratio of the amplitude of electric field E to that of the magnetic field B ,
4
in the medium (in ohms) is
(a) 120  (b) 377 (c) 30 2  (d) 30 
Ans. : (d)
1 0 I 
Solution: d   ,  3
 4 R 
1/ 2
       4 2 4
2
   1           
  
1
2    2 0  0
 
1/ 2
   
2

K  k       1  
2 2

     
 
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E0   1 1
   
B0 K 2  2 4
1/ 2
   
2
 
 2
   1      0
    
 
0 0  2 c / 0 c E c
     0
8 8 4 H0 4
E 4  107  3 108
   30
H0 4

Q91. The vector potential A  ke  at rrˆ (where a and k are constants) corresponding to an

electromagnetic field is changed to A   ke  at rrˆ . This will be a gauge transformation if
the corresponding change     in the scalar potential is
(a) akr 2 e  at (b) 2akr 2 e  at (c)  akr 2 e  at (d) 2akr 2 e  at

Ans. : (c)
Solution: Gauge Transformation
       
A  A   ,       A'  A  2ke at rrˆ    rˆ
t r

   ke at r 2   kae  at r 2
t

  '     kae  at r 2
t
Q92. An electron is decelerated at a constant rate starting from an initial velocity u (where
u  c ) to u / 2 during which it travels a distance s . The amount of energy lost to
radiation is
0 e 2u 2 0 e 2u 2 0 e 2u 0 e 2u
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 mc 2 s 6 mc 2 s 8 mcs 16 mcs
Ans. : (d)
0 q 2 a 2
Solution: Total power radiated P 
6 c
0 e 2 a 2  e2 a 2 u
Total energy radiated in time t is E  P  t  t  0 
6 c 6 c 2a
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 u u 
 v  u  at  2  u  at  t  2a 
0 e2 au
E
12 c
E 2E
Fraction of initial K .E. lost due to radiation  
1
mu 2 mu 2
2
2 0e 2 au 0 e2 a
  
mu 2 12 c 6 mcu
 1 2 u 1 u2 u 2 u 2 3u 2 3u 2 
 s  ut  at  u   a      a 
 2 2a 2 4 a 2 2 a 8a 8a 8s 
0 e2 3u 2  e 2u
   0
6 mcu 8s 16 mcs
Q93. The figure describes the arrangement of slits and S1 S2
screens in a Young’s double slit experiment. The
screen
width of the slit in S1 is a and the slits in S2 are  b
of negligible width.
If the wavelength of the light is  , the value of d
d for which the screen would be dark is
2 2 2
a b a ab ab
(a) b    1 (b)   1 (c)   (d)
 2  2  
Ans. : (d)

Solution: If the path difference Op2  Op1 
2
The minima of the interference pattern produced by O will P1
fall on the maxima produced by O Now
1/ 2 a / 2 O b
 b a 
2
1 b a
2
OP2   d 2      d    a/2 O

  2 2   2d  2 2 
1/ 2 P2
 2  b a 2  1 b a
2
OP1   d      d   
  2 2   2d  2 2 
d
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ab
 OP2  OP1   d  b, a 
2d
 ab ab
Thus  d 
2 2d 
Q94. A constant current I is flowing in a piece of wire that is bent into a loop as shown in the
figure. y
2b
2b a a
2b
2a
2a O x
b b
The magnitude of the magnetic field at the point O is
0 I a 0 I  1 1  0 I  1  0 I  1 
(a) ln   (b)    (c)   (d)  
4 5  b  4 5  a b  4 5  a  4 5  b 
Ans. : (b)
 I
Solution: B  0  sin  2  sin 1  ˆ
4 d
Magnetic field due to left and right segment of 2a
d 1 2
 I  2a 
B2 a  0  
4 a  5a  I
Field due to upper segment of 2a
0 I  a a 
   
4  2a   5a 5a 
0 I 2 0 I 1
Net field B2 a  2    
4 a 5 4 a 5
0 I
B2 a  5  (inward)
4 a
0 I
similarly, B2b  5  (outward)
4 b
0 I 1 1
Net field B  B2 a  B2b  5  
4 a b
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Q95. The charge distribution inside a material of conductivity  and permittivity  at initial
time t  0 is   r , 0   0 , a constant. At subsequent times   r , t  is given by
 t  1    t 
(a) 0 exp    (b) 0 1  exp   
  2    
0 t
(c) (d) 0 cosh
   t  
1  exp    
  
Ans. : (a)
       
Solution: J f   E , .E  f , .J f   f
 E
    
 .E   f  f    f
t t 
     
  f  t   0 exp   f    f  t   0 exp  t
     
NET/JRF (DEC - 2017)

Q96. Two point charges 3Q and Q are placed at  0, 0, d  and  0, 0, 2d  respectively,
above an infinite grounded conducting sheet kept in the xy - plane. At a point  0, 0, z  ,
where z  d , the electrostatic potential of this charge configuration would

approximately be
1 d2 1 2d 1 3d 1 d2
(a) Q (b) Q (c) Q (d)  Q
4 0 z 3 4 0 z 2 4 0 z 2 4 0 z 3
Ans. : (b)
Solution: Monopole moment Qmono  Q  3Q  3Q  Q  0

Dipole moment p  3Q   dzˆ    Q    2dzˆ    3Q    dzˆ   Q   2dzˆ 
 z
p  2Qdzˆ 2d Q

1 p  rˆ 1 2Qd d 3Q
Vdip  
4 0 r 2
4 0 z 2
y
d  3Q
x 2 d Q
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Q97. A rectangular piece of dielectric material is inserted partially into the (air) gap between
the plates of a parallel plate capacitor. The dielectric piece will
(a) remain stationary where it is placed
(b) be pushed out from the gap between the plates
(c) be drawn inside the gap between the plates and its velocity does not change sign
(d) execute an oscillatory motion in the region between the plates
Ans. : (c)
Solution: Just like a conductor, a dielectric is attracted into an electric field. The reason is: the
bound charge tends to accumulate near the fee charge of the opposite sign.
Q98. An electromagnetic wave is travelling in free space (of permittivity  0 ) with electric field

ˆ cos q  x  ct 
E  kE 0
The average power (per unit area) crossing planes parallel to 4 x  3 y  0 will be
4 1 16
(a)  0 cE02 (b)  0 cE02 (c)  0 cE02 (d)  0 cE02
5 2 25
Ans. : (c)
x y
Solution: 4 x  3 y  0   0
3 4 y
n̂
 E
B   0 cos  qx  qct  yˆ 4
c

 1   1  E0   E02 B 90  
S
0

EB  E
0  0 c
cos 2
 

x
ˆ  S 
2 0 c
xˆ
 x

 E2 E2 K 3
2
I  S .nˆ  0 cos  90     0 sin   c 0 E02 
2 0 c 2 0 c 5 E
z
4 4
 tan    sin  
3 5
1
I  0.4c 0 E02  c 0 E02
2
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Q99. A plane electromagnetic wave from within a dielectric medium (with   4 0 and   0 )
is incident on its boundary with air, at z  0 . The magnetic field in the medium is

 
H  ˆjH 0 cos t  kx  k 3 z , where  and k are positive constants.
The angles of reflection and refraction are, respectively,

(a) 450 and 600 (b) 300 and 900 (c) 300 and 600 (d) 600 and 900
Ans. : (b) z n  r
Solution: n  r
 y
I
k  kxˆ  k 3 zˆ
sin  I n2 1 Dielectric n1  4  2
  x
sin T n1 2 n2  1
Air T
kx 1
sin T  2sin  I  tan  I 
   I  300
kz 3
 sin T  2  sin 30  1  T  90
0 0
Q100. In an inertial frame S , the magnetic vector potential in a region of space is given by

A  az iˆ (where a is a constant) and the scalar potential is zero. The electric and
magnetic fields seen by an inertial observer moving with a velocity viˆ with respect to S ,
1
are, respectively [In the following   ]
v2
1 2
c
(a) 0 and  ajˆ (b) vakˆ and  aiˆ (c) v akˆ and v ajˆ (d) v akˆ and  ajˆ
Ans. : (d)
Solution: Ex  Ex , E y    E y  v Bz  and Ez    Ez  vBy 
 v   v 
Bx  Bx , By    By  2 Ez  and Bz    Bz  2 E y 
 c   c 

  A   
E   V    0, B    A  a ˆj
t
Ex  0, E y    0  v  0   0, Ez    0  va    va

(replace v by v )  E  v azˆ
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 v   v 
Bx  0, By    a  2  0    a, Bz    0  2  0   0
 c   c 

 B   a ˆj
Q101. In the rest frame S1 of a point particle with electric charge q1 another point particle with
electric charge q2 moves with a speed v parallel to the x -axis at a perpendicular
distance l . The magnitude of the electromagnetic force felt by q1 due to q2 when the
1
distance between them is minimum, is [In the following   ]
v2
1 2
c
1 q1q2 1  q1q2
(a) (b)
4 0  l 2 4 0 l 2
1  q1q2  v 2  1 q1q2  v 2 
(c) 1   (d) 1  
4 0 l 2  c 2  4 0  l 2  c 2 
Ans. : (b)
1  q1q2
Solution: Charge of q2 seen by rest frame of q1   q2 ; F
4 0 l 2
Q102. A circular current carrying loop of radius a carries a steady current. A constant electric
 
charge is kept at the centre of the loop. The electric and magnetic fields, E and B
respectively, at a distance d vertically above the centre of the loop satisfy
        
(a) E  B (b) E  0 
(c)  E  B  0  
(d)   E  B  0 
Ans. : (c)
    

Solution: E  B  0  . E  B  0 
1 1 1 
Q103. The Hamiltonian of a two-level quantum system is H     possible initial
2 1 1
state in which the probability of the system being in that quantum state does not change
with time, is
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       
 cos 4   cos 8   cos 2   cos 6 
(a)   (b)   (c)   (d)  
 sin    sin    sin    sin  
       
 4  8   2  6
Ans. : (b)
NET/JRF -(JUNE -2018)

Q104. Two point charges 2Q and Q are kept at point with Cartesian coordinates 1, 0, 0  ,
respectively, in front of an infinite grounded conducting plate at x  0 . The potential at

 x, 0, 0  for x  1 depends on x as
(a) x 3 (b) x 5 (c) x 2 (d) x 4

Ans. : (a)
Solution: 2 1
x
Q 2Q 0 2Q Q
Monopole moment 2Q  Q  2Q  Q  0
 
Dipole moment p  Q  2 xˆ   2Q  xˆ   2Q   xˆ   Q  2 xˆ   p  0
1
Thus V 
x3
Q105. The following configuration of three identical narrow slits are illuminated by
monochromatic light of wavelength  (as shown in the figure below). The intensity is
measured at an angle  (where  is the angle with the incident beam) at a large distance
2 d
from the slits. If   sin  , the intensity is proportional to

1 d
(a) 2 cos   2 cos 2 (b) 3  sin 2 3
2

1
(c) 3  2 cos   2 cos 2  2 cos 3 (d) 2  sin 2 3 2d
 2
Ans. : (c)
  i t     
Solution: E1  Ae   , E2  A ei ei t , E3  A ei1 ei t  Ae3i ei t
2 2
  d sin  , 1   3d sin    3
 
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     i 3i i t
E  E1  E2  E3  A 1  e  e  e
 
E   A 1  e i  e 3i  e it
 
I  E.E   A2 1  ei  e3i  1  e i  e3i 
 ei  e  i e i 2  e  i 2 ei 3  e  i 3 
I  A2  3  2 2 2 
 2 2 2 
I  A2 3  2 cos   2 cos 2  2 cos 3 
 
Q106. The electric field E and the magnetic field B corresponding to the scalar and vector
 1
potentials, V  x, y, z , t   0 and A  x, y, z , t   kˆ0 A0  ct  x  , where A0 is a constant,
2
are
  1  1  1
(a) E  0 and B  ˆj 0 A0 (b) E   kˆ0 A0 c and B  ˆj 0 A0
2 2 2
  1  1  1
(c) E  0 and B   iˆ0 A0 (d) E  kˆ0 A0 c and B   iˆ0 A0
2 2 2
Ans. : (b)

 A 1  1
Solution: E     0 A0  c  0   kˆ   0 A0 ckˆ
t 2  2
xˆ yˆ zˆ
      A A  1
B   A   xˆ z  yˆ z  B  0 A0 ˆj
x y z y x 2
0 0 Az
Q107. The electric field of a plane wave in a conducting medium is given by


ˆ 0 e z / 3a cos  z  t  ,
E  z , t   iE  
 3a 
where  is the angular frequency and a  0 is a constant. The phase difference between
 
the magnetic field B and the electric field E is
   
(a) 300 and B lags behind B (b) 300 and B lags behind E
   
(c) 600 and E lags behind B (d) 600 and B lags behind E
Ans. : (b)
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 
Solution: E  z , t   iE
ˆ 0 e cos  kz  t   E  and B  z , t   ˆjB0 e z cos  kz  t   E   
  z
 
where   tan 1   .
k

ˆ 0 e  z / 3a cos  z  t     1 and k  1
 E  z , t   iE  
 3a  3a 3a
 1 
   tan 1    30
0
 3
Q108. A hollow waveguide supports transverse electric TE  modes with the dispersion
1
relation k   2  mn
2
, where mn is the mode frequency. The speed of flow of
c
electromagnetic energy at the mode frequency is
(a) c (b) mn / k (c) 0 (d) 
Ans. : (c)
Solution: Energy carried by the wave travels at the group velocity
d  
2
vg   c 1   mn  at   mn , vg  0
dk   
Q109. The loop shown in the figure below carries a steady current I .
I
3a
a
O
The magnitude of the magnetic field at the point O is
0 I 0 I 0 I 0 I
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2a 6a 4a 3a
Ans. : (b)
1 0 I 1 0 I
Solution: Ba  , B3a  
2 2a 2 2  3a 
0 I  1  0 I
B  Ba  B3a  1   
4a  3  6a
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Q110. In the region far from a source, the time dependent electric field at a point  r ,  ,   is
  sin     r 
E  r ,  ,    ˆ E0 2   cos   t   
 r    c 
where  is angular frequency of the source. The total power radiated (averaged over a
cycle) is
2 E02 4 4 E02 4 4 E02 4 2 E02 4
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 0 c 3 0 c 3 0 c 3 0 c
Ans. : (b)
E
Solution: B 
c
 1 E 2 E02 4 Sm2   r 
S  E.B   cos 2   t   
0 0 c 0 c r 2
  c 
 1 E02 4 sin 2 
S 
2 0 c r 2
  E 2 4  2
sin 2  2
P   S .da  0  r sin  d d
S
2 0 c 0 0
r2
E02 4 4 4 E02 4
P   2 
2 0 c 3 3 0 c
NET/JRF (DEC - 2018)
Q111. Two current-carrying circular loops, each of radius R , are placed z

perpendicular to each other, as shown in the figure.
2I 0
The loop in the xy - plane carries a current I 0 while that in the
 y
xz -plane carries a current 2I 0 . The resulting magnetic field B
I0
at the origin is x
0l0  ˆ ˆ  0l0  ˆ ˆ 
(a) 2jk (b) 2jk
2R   2R  
0l0  ˆ ˆ  0l0  ˆ ˆ 
(c) 2 j  k (d) 2 j  k
2R   2R  
Ans. : (c)
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 0 I 0
Solution: Field due to loop in xy plane is B1  zˆ
2R
Field due to loop in xz plane is
   2I0 
B2  0   yˆ 
2R
   I
Resultant field B  B1  B2  0 0  2 yˆ  zˆ 
2R

Q112. An electric dipole of dipole moment P  qbiˆ is placed at
Y
origin in the vicinity of two charges  q and  q at  L, b 
and  L, b  , respectively, as shown in the figure.

 q ( L, b )
L 
The electrostatic potential at the point  , 0  is 
2  P A
x
O ( L /2, 0)
qb  1 2  4qbL
(a)  2 2 2 
(b)
 0  L L  4b   0  L2  4b 2 
3/ 2
 q ( L,-b)
qb 3qb
(c) (d)
 0 L2  0 L2
Ans. : (c)
1 p cos 00 1 p
Solution: Potential due to dipole V1  
4 0  L / 2  2
 0 L2
1 q
Potential due to  q charge V2 
4 0 L2 / 4  b 2
1 q
Potential due to  q charge V3  
4 0 L / 4  b2
2
1 p 1 qb
Resultant V  V1  V2  V3  V 
 0 L2
 0 L2
Hence, correct option is (c)
Q113. A monochromatic and linearly polarized light is used in a Young’s double slit experiment.
A linear polarizer, whose pass axis is at an angle 450 to the polarization of the incident
wave, is placed in front of one of the slits. If I max and I min , respectively, denote the
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maximum and minimum intensities of the interference pattern on the screen, the visibility,
I max  I min
defined as the ratio , is
I max  I min
2 2 2 2 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 3 3 3
Ans. : (b)
  A  xˆ  yˆ  it i
ˆ 0 eit ;
Solution: E1  xA E2  0 e
2 2
    y
 
I  E1  E2  E1*  E2*  E2 A0
A0 cos 45 
 2  2     2
 I  E1  E2  E1  E2*  E2  E1* x
E1 A0
A02 A2 A2
 A02   1  1  0 e i  0 ei
4 2 2
A02 A02 ei  e  i 3 A02
 I  A02     A02 cos 
2 2 2 2
5 A02 A2 I I 2
I max  , I min  0  V  max min 
2 2 I max  I min 3
Q114. An electromagnetic wave propagates in a nonmagnetic medium with relative permittivity
  4 . The magnetic field for this wave is

H  x, y   kH 
ˆ cos t   x   3 y
0 

where H 0 is a constant. The corresponding electric field E  x, y  is
(a)
1
4
  
0 H 0 c  3iˆ  ˆj cos t   x   3 y 
(b)
1
4
0 H 0 c   
3iˆ  ˆj cos t   x   3 y 
(c)
1
4
0 H 0 c   
3iˆ  ˆj cos t   x   3 y 
(d)
1
4
  
0 H 0 c  3iˆ  ˆj cos t   x   3 y 
Ans. : (a)
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

Solution: E  v Kˆ  Bˆ 

 K  xˆ   3 yˆ 1 3
K   xˆ   3 yˆ  K   
ˆ  xˆ  yˆ
K  2  3 2 2 2
c  xˆ  3 yˆ 
E 
r  2

 0 H 0 cos t   x   3 y zˆ  

c 0 H 0 
E
2 4    
 yˆ  3 xˆ cos t   x  3 y 
 
E
1
4
  
c0 H 0  3 xˆ  yˆ cos t   x   3 y 
 
Q115. In an inertial frame uniform electric and magnetic field E and B are perpendicular to
2 2
each other and satisfy E  B  29 (in suitable units). In another inertial frame, which
moves at a constant velocity with respect to the first frame, the magnetic field is 2 5kˆ .
In the second frame, an electric field consistent with the previous observations is
(a)
2

7 ˆ ˆ
ij  
(b) 7 iˆ  kˆ  (c) 
7 ˆ ˆ
2
i k  
(d) 7 iˆ  ˆj 
Ans. : (a)
2 2
Solution: E  B  29
 2  2
In another Frame E   B  29
  2
B  2 5kˆ  B  4  5  20  E   49
2
  
It is given E  B so E  
7 ˆ ˆ
2
ij  
Q116. Electromagnetic wave of angular frequency  is propagating in a medium in which, over
2
 
a band of frequencies the refractive index is n    1    , where 0 is a constant.
 0 
v 
The ratio g of the group velocity to the phase velocity at   0 is
vp 2
1 2
(a) 3 (b) (c) (d) 2
4 3
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Ans. : (a)
2
Solution: n  1 
02
c 2 / 4 3 4c
n  1  0 2   vp 
vp 0 4 3
ck 2 3
n  1  kc   
 02 02
dk 3 2 2 / 4 1 3 1 d
 .c  1  2  1  3 0 2    vg   4c
d 0 0 4 4 dk
vg 4c
Thus,  3
vp 4c / 3
Q117. A rotating spherical shell of uniform surface charge and mass density has total mass M
and charge Q . If its angular momentum is L and magnetic moment is  , then the ratio

is
L
Q 2Q Q 3Q
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3M 3M 2M 4M
Ans. : (c)
2 2
Solution: I  MR 2 , L  I   MR 2
3 3 z
 R sin 
Q

4 R 2 Rd
   2 R sin   Rd    R 2 sin 2 

dm  dI    R sin   
2

2 / 
d
dm   R sin  d 4 3
R
4 4    4 QR  2
   dm   R 4    2 
R   
3 3  4 R  3
 QR 2 / 3 QR 2 3 Q
   
L 2
MR 2 3 2MR  2M
2
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fiziks

field Ex, and V are zero at the origin, f  x  is

Solve equation 16e 2 x  f  x   6  0  f  x   6  16e 2 x  f x   6 x  8e 2 x  c1 , since

(c)  r  4 and A  3 (d)  r  4 and A   3

A. The dimensions of the waveguide are

makes an angle  with that of P1 . A beam of unpolarized light of intensity I 0 is incident

on P1 as shown. The intensity of light emerging from P3 is

a as shown. At the point P which is at a distance R from the centre  R  a  , the

(c) There is no finite value of d (d) mg 0 / q

density Kt iˆ , where K is a constant. The vector potential at  x, y , z  is given

6eR 2 6eR 6ed 2 6ed

 dr  sin  d  cos 2  d  20 r04

Q30. The components of a vector potential A   A0 , A1 , A2 , A3  are given by

A  k  xyz, yzt , zxt , xyt 

where k is a constant. The three components of the electric field are

(a) I 0 / 12 0 c 3  (b) I 02 2 / 12 0 c 3 

(c) I 02 3 / 12 0 c 3  (d) I 02 4 / 12 0c 3 

(a) zero (b) DC from A to B

(d) 10 E cos 0.3 x  0.4 y  1000t 3iˆ  4 ˆj 

function of time t is shown in the figure below.

Thus resultant electric field at point P is

 10 6 m  is the conductivity of the shielding material, its

(d) 0.265 watts / m 2 and 3.3 108 tesla

in this wave guide?

Since   10 , 01 , 20

(a) B0 yiˆ (b)  B0 yiˆ 

equilibrium the angle  between their magnetic moments is such that

coefficient. For an electromagnetic wave of angular frequency   0 , which of the

undergo small oscillations with an angular frequency

makes an angle 1 to the interface. The corresponding angle  2 in

Q73. The x - and z -components of a static magnetic field in a region are Bx  B0 x 2  y 2  

  B By Bz By B

the magnetic field B measured by him is

(a) 5 (b) 9 (c) 0 (d) 1

obeys the equation

with the boundary condition    a, y     x,  a   0 . The frequency  of the lowest

where  and k are positive constants. This represents

positive x -axis. The electric field at the centre of the circle is

 0, 0, 0  . Let the intensity of radiation at the point  0, 0, R  be I1 and at  2 R, 0, 0  be ‘ I 2

in vacuum as shown in the figure below.

of the circles in the limit N   , is

r1  r0  a , r2  2r1  2a , r3  3r2  3.2a and r4  4r3  4.3.2a

(a) akr 2 e  at (b) 2akr 2 e  at (c)  akr 2 e  at (d) 2akr 2 e  at

OP2   d 2      d    a/2 O

NET/JRF (DEC - 2017)

above an infinite grounded conducting sheet kept in the xy - plane. At a point  0, 0, z  ,

where z  d , the electrostatic potential of this charge configuration would

The angles of reflection and refraction are, respectively,

electric charge q2 moves with a speed v parallel to the x -axis at a perpendicular

NET/JRF -(JUNE -2018)

respectively, in front of an infinite grounded conducting plate at x  0 . The potential at

(a) x 3 (b) x 5 (c) x 2 (d) x 4

Q107. The electric field of a plane wave in a conducting medium is given by

NET/JRF (DEC - 2018)

Q111. Two current-carrying circular loops, each of radius R , are placed z

and  L, b  , respectively, as shown in the figure.

   2 R sin   Rd    R 2 sin 2 

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