Norm-referencing (NR)

Placement of learners in
rank order, their assessment
in relation to their peers.
“
- Common European Framework of Reference
for languages: Learning, teaching, assessment.
 Examples.
✔ Placement tests to
form classes.
✔ Standarized tests
✔ IQ tests.
Criterion-referencing (CR)
Is a reaction against NR in which
the learner is assessed purely in
terms of his/her ability in the
subject, irrespective of the baility
of his/her peers. - Common European Framework of Reference
Do not compare student to student for languages: Learning, teaching, assessment.
Examples.

✔ Driving Test.
✔ Citizenship Test.