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Mathematical Methods
Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, M.Sc. Entrance, JEST, TIFR and GRE in Physics
Mathematical Methods
IIT-JAM-2005
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
0 1
Q1. Which of the following is INCORRECT for the matrix M
1 0
(a) It is its own inverse (b) It is its own transpose
(c) It is non-orthogonal (d) It has eigen values ± 1
Ans. : (c)
1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1
Solution: The inverse of the given matrix is M 1 1 0 M
M 1 1 0 1 0
Thus the given matrix is its own inverse.
0 1
The transpose of M is, M T M
1 0
The given matrix is orthogonal as each row vector is a unit vector and the two rows are
orthogonal.
The eigenvalues of orthogonal matrix are 1 or 1 . For the given matrix
1 2 0 1 1 and 2 1
Thus option (c) is correct option.
Q2. A periodic function can be expressed in a Fourier series of the form,
f x a n cosnx bn sin nx . The functions f1 x cos 2 x and f 2 x sin 2 x are
n 0
expanded in their respective Fourier series. If the coefficients for the first series are a n1
and bn1 , and the coefficients for the second series are a n2 and bn2 , respectively, then
which of the following is correct?
1 1 1 1
(a) a 21 and b22 (b) b21 and a 22
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
(c) a 21 and a 22 (d) b21 and b22
2 2 2 2
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Ans. : (c)
1 1 1 1
Solution: f1 x cos 2 x and f 2 x cos 2 x
2 2 2 2
1 1
Hence, a21 and a2 2
2 2
All the bn ’s of each of the series are zero. As there is no sine terms in any of the two
given functions.
Thus the correct option is (c).
IIT-JAM 2006
a
Q3. The symmertric part of P a 2 b is
b
2 a a 2
(a) a 2 ba2 1 (b)
b
ba 1 b 2 b b 2
a a 1 b a 1 a a 2 b a 1
(c) (d)
b a 1 b2 b a 1 b2
Ans. : (d)
a a a 2 a b
Solution: The given matrix can be written as P a 2 b 2
b b a 2 b
The transpose of P is,
a a 2 b a 2
PT
ab b2
P PT 1 2a a 2 2ab 2b a a 2 b a 1
2 2 2ab 2b 2b 2 b a 1 b2
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IIT-JAM 2007
5 7 x
Q4. x y 15
7 3 y
The matrix equation of above represents
(a) a circle of radius 15 (b) an ellipse of semi major axis 5
(c) an ellipse of semi major axis 5 (d) a hyperbola
Ans. : (b)
5 7 x 5x 7 y
Solution: x y 15 x y 15
7 3 y 7x 3y
x2 y2
5 x 7 xy 7 xy 3 y 15 5 x 3 y 15
2 2 2 2
1
3 5
Thus the given equation represents an ellipse with semi-major axis 5 .
is given by
0, x 0
f x
sin x, 0 x
In the expansion of f x as a Fourier series of sine and cosine functions, the coefficient
of cos 2x is
2 1 2
(a) (b) (c) 0 (d)
3 3
Ans. : (d)
Solution: The coefficients of cos 2x is a2 .
1
0
Thus, a2 0 cos 2 xdx sin x cos 2 xdx
0
1 1 cos 3 x
a2
2 0 sin 3x sin x dx 2 3 cos x
0
1 cos 3x 1 1 1 1 2
2 3 cos 3 1 2 3 1 3 1 3
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IIT-JAM 2008
Q6. The product PQ of any two real, symmetric matrices P and Q is
(a) symmetric for all P and Q (b) never symmetric
(c) symmetric, if PQ QP (d) anti-symmetric for all P and Q
Ans. : (c)
Solution: A matrix is symmetric, if its transpose is equal to the matrix itself.
option.
Q7. The work done by a force in moving a particle of mass m from any point x, y to a
0 0
It can be easily checked that the value of each of these integrals is 0 . Hence, the correct
option is (a).
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IIT-JAM 2009
Q8. In the Fourier series of the periodic function (shown in the figure)
f x sin x
n cos nx n sin nx
n 0
2
Which of the following coefficients are non-zero?
(a) n for odd n (b) n for even n
1 1 1 1 1
n n 0 , for odd n .
n 1 n 1 n 1 n 1
For even n ,
1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1
n n
n 1 n 1 n 1 n 1 n 1 n 1
2 n 1 n 1 4
n 1
2
n 2 1
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IIT-JAM 2010
1 i 1
Q9. A matrix is given by M . The eigenvalues of M are
2 1 i
(a) real and positive (b) purely imaginary with modulus 1
(c) complex with modulus 1 (d) real and negative
Ans. : (c)
Solution: We know that if is an eigenvalue of matrix A , then k is the eigenvalue of matrix
kA . Hence Let as evaluate the eigenvalue of matrix
i 1
M
1 i
For the calculation of eigenvalues
i 1
0 i 1 0 i 1
2
1 i
i 1, i 1
Thus the eigenvalues of the given matrix M are
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 i i and 2 i 1 i
2 2 2 2 2 2
We see that 1 2 1 . Thus the correct option is (c).
3 2 3 2
Q10. The equation of a surface of revolution is z x y . The unit vector normal to
2 2
2
the surface at the point A ,0,1 is
3
3ˆ 2 ˆ 3ˆ 2 ˆ 3ˆ 2 ˆ 3ˆ 2 ˆ
(a) i k (b) i k (c) i k (d) i k
5 10 5 10 5 5 10 10
Ans. : (b)
3 2 3 2 3 3
Solution: z x y z 2 x 2 y 2 3x 2 3 y 2 2 z 2 0
2 2 2 2
Let V 3x 2 3 y 2 2 z 2 , taking gradient V 6 xxˆ 6 yyˆ 4 zzˆ .
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2 V
The unit normal to the surface at the point A , 0,1 is nˆ . Thus
3 V
2 2
6 xˆ 6 0 yˆ 4 1zˆ 6 xˆ 4 zˆ
3 3 3 2
nˆ xˆ zˆ
2 40 5 10
36 16
3
IIT-JAM 2011
B
y
The line integral F dl , where F
x
Q11. xˆ yˆ , along the semi-circular path as
A x y2 2
x y2
2
x
A 1,0 B 1, 0
(a) -2 (b) 0 (c) 2 (d) 4
Ans. : (b)
Solution: x 2 y 2 1 xdx ydy and dl dxxˆ dyyˆ
xdx ydy
B
F .dl 0 F dl 0 xdx ydy
x2 y2 x2 y2 A
Q12. Given two n n matrices P̂ and Q̂ such that P̂ is Hermitian and Q̂ is skew (anti)-
Pˆ Qˆ Pˆ QP
* * *
ˆ ˆ Qˆ
For, P̂Qˆ , we have PQ ˆˆ
ˆ ˆ i PQ
ˆ ˆ i Qˆ Pˆ iQP
*
ˆ ˆ , we have iPQ
For matrix iPQ ˆˆ
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ˆ ˆ
Thus, iPQ is not hermitian.
Pˆ iQˆ Pˆ iQˆ
Pˆ i Qˆ Pˆ i Qˆ Pˆ iQˆ
* * * *
* * *
For P̂ Qˆ , we have Pˆ Qˆ Pˆ Qˆ Pˆ Qˆ
Thus, P̂ Qˆ is not hermitian.
Note: In this question “*” symbol has been used to denote the conjugate transpose of a
matrix.
IIT-JAM-2012
Q13.
If F is a constant vector and r is the position vector then F r would be
(a) r F (b) F (c) F r
(d) r F
Ans.: (b)
Solution: Let F F0 xˆ yˆ zˆ and r xxˆ yyˆ zzˆ F .r F0 x y z .
Thus F r F0 xˆ yˆ zˆ F
IIT-JAM-2013
Q14. The inverse of the matrix
0 1 1
M 0 0 1 is
1 0 0
(a) M I (b) M 2 I (c) I M 2 (d) I M
where I is the identity matrix.
Ans.: (b)
0 1 1
Solution: Given M 0 0 1
1 0 0
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The characteristics equation is,
1 1
0 1 0
1 0
2 0 1 1 0 3 1 0 3 1 0
Solution: i i
i i i i i i 2 i 2 i 2
i i i i
i i i i
0
i i i i
Q16. The solution of the differential equation dz x, y xz x, y dx yz x, y dy 0 is………
Ans.: Ce
x2 y2 / 2
z x y
2 2
x2 y2
ln z ln c ln
2 2 c 2
z x 2 y 2 / 2 x 2 y 2 / 2
e z ce .
c
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Q17. Given that f 1 1, f 1 1, and f " 1 1, the value of f 1 2 is …………..
Ans.: 0.606
Solution: Let f x ke x
1
In order to satisfy each of the three given conditions k .
e
ex
Thus f x
e
e1/ 2 1
Hence, f 1/ 2 0.606 .
e e
IIT-JAM-2014
Q18.
For vectors a ˆj kˆ, b 2iˆ 3 ˆj 5kˆ and c ˆj kˆ , the vector product a b c is
(a) in the same direction as c (b) in the direction opposite to c
(c) in the same direction as b (d) in the direction opposite to b
iˆ ˆj kˆ
Ans.: (a) b c 2 3 5 iˆ 3 5 ˆj 2 0 kˆ 2 0 2iˆ 2 ˆj 2kˆ
0 1 1
iˆ ˆj kˆ
a b c 0 1 1 iˆ 2 2 ˆj 0 2 kˆ 0 2 2 ˆj 2kˆ 2c
2 2 2
Two Marks
Q19. The value of r n
sin n for r = 0.5 and is
n 0 3
1 2 3
(a) (b) (c) (d) 3
3 3 2
Ans.: (a)
Solution: rn 0
n
sin n 0 r sin r 2 sin 2 r 3 sin 3
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Z r e r cos 2 i sin 2 and so on.
2 2 i 2 2
1 3
1/ 2 i
1 3
i 1 i 3 3 i 3
2 2
4 4 1 i 3
1 1
1 i
3 3 i 3 3i 3
4 4
3i 3 3i 3
2 2 2
3 3 i 3 3i 3 i 4 3
z
n 0
n
12 12
12
1
Thus, r
n 0
n
sin n
3
Q20. If the surface integral of the field A x, y, z 2 x iˆ y ˆj 3 z kˆ over the closed
surface of an arbitrary unit sphere is to be zero, then the relationship between , and
is
(a) / 6 0 (b) / 3 / 6 / 2 0
(c) / 2 / 3 0 (d) 2 / 1 / 3 / 0
Ans.: (b)
Solution: It is given that A .d a 0
A d 0 (From Divergence Theorem)
S V
V
. A d 0 2 3 0 0
3 6 2
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Q21.
1
The line integral A dl of a vector field A x, y 2 yiˆ xjˆ where r 2 x 2 y 2 is
r
taken around a square (see figure) of side of unit length and centered at x 0 , y 0 with
1 1
x0 and y 0 . If the value of the integral is L, then
2 2
y
x0 , y0
(a) L depends on x 0 , y 0
x2 y 2 x 2x x2 y 2 y 2 y y 2 x2 x2 y 2
A zˆ zˆ 0
x 2 y 2 2 x 2
y
2 2 x 2
y
2 2
Thus, A dl 0 .
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IIT-JAM-2015
x y x y
Q22. Consider the coordinate transformation x , y
. The relation between the
2 2
area elements dx dy and dxdy is given by dx dy jdxdy . The value of j is
(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 1 (d) 2
Ans.: (c)
x y x y
Solution: x , y
2 2
x x 1 1
x y
2 2 1 1
dx dy J dxdy J 1
y y 1 1 2 2
x
y 2 2
Q23. The trace of a 2 2 matrix is 4 and its determinant is 8 . If one of the eigenvalues is
21 i , the other eigenvalue is
Ans.: (a)
Solution: 1 2 2i, 2 2 1 i 1 2 4 and 1 2 8
Two Marks:
Q24. Consider a vector field F yiˆ xz 3 ˆj zykˆ . Let C be the circle x 2 y 2 4 on the
plane z 2 , oriented counter-clockwise. The value of the contour integral F d r is
C
yz xz 3 y zy xz y
3
F xˆ yˆ zˆ
y z z x x y
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F xˆ z 3xz yˆ 0 0 zˆ z 1
2 3
z 2 F 2 12 x xˆ 7 zˆ
d a rdrd zˆ F .d a 2 12 x xˆ 7 zˆ .rdrd zˆ 7 rdrd
2
2
F .d a 7 rdr d 28
S 0 0
dy y 2
Q25. Consider the equation with the boundary condition y 1 1 . Out of the following
dx x
the range of x in which y is real and finite is
(a) x 3 (b) 3 x 0 (c) 0 x 3 (d) 3 x
Ans.: (d)
dy y 2 dy dx 1
Solution: 2 ln x C
dx x y x y
y 1 1 ln1 C C 1 ln x 1 y
1 1 1
1 y 1 ln x
At x 0, y and ln x is not defined for negative values of x .
Thus, correct option is (d).
Q26. The Fourier series for an arbitrary periodic function with period 2 L , is given by
a0 n x n x
f x n 1 a n cos n 1 bn sin
. For the particular periodic function
2 L L
f x
shown in the figure the value of a0 is
1
1/ 2
x
2 1 0 1 2
(a) 0 (b) 0.5 (c) 1 (d) 2
Ans.: (c)
Solution: The wavefunction of the given function can be written as
x 0 x 1
f x
x 1 x 0
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Coefficient a0 is defined as
1 1
x2 x2
1
2 2
1 1
a0 1 x dx 1 x dx 0
0 1
0 1
1 0
2 1 2 0 2 2 2 2
a0 1
3 5
(a) (b) (c) (d)
4 2 4 4
Ans.: (c)
Solution: z 1 i i z 1 i for z x iy
y 3
tan 1 tan 1 ( 1)
x 4
IIT-JAM-2016
1
Q28. Which of the following points represent the complex number ?
1 i
(a) y (b) y
1 1
0.5 0.5
x x
1 0.5 0.5 1 1 0.5 0.5 1
0.5 0.5
1 1
y y
(c) 1 (d) 1
0.5 0.5
x x
1 0.5 0.5 1 1 0.5 0.5 1
0.5 0.5
1 1
Ans.: (a)
1 1 1 i 1 i 1 1
Solution: i
1 i 1 i 1 i 11 2 2
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Q29. The eigenvalues of the matrix representing the following pair of linear equations
x iy 0
ix y 0
are
(a) 1 i, 1 i (b) 1 i, 1 i (c) 1, i (d) 1 i, 1 i
Ans.: (d)
Solution: Characteristic equation is A I 0
1 i
0 1 i 2 1 1 0 1 i 1 i, 1 i
2 2
i 1
Q30. For the given set of equations
x y 1, y z 1 , x z 1 ,
which one of the following statements is correct?
(a) Equations are inconsistent
(b) Equations are consistent and a single non-trivial solution exists
(c) Equations are consistent and many solutions exist
(d) Equations are consistent and only a trivial solution exists.
Ans.: (b)
1 1 0 1
Solution: The augmented matrix of the system can be written as M 0 1 1 1
1 0 1 1
1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1
Row reduction gives M 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1
0 1 1 0 0 0 2 1
Thus, x y 1 , y z 1 and 2 z 1
The last equation gives z 1/ 2 . Using first two equations we find x y 1/ 2 . Thus the
system has a single non trivial solution. The correct option is (b)
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Q31. The tangent line to the curve x xy 5 0 at 1,1 is represented by
2
(a) y 3x 2 (b) y 3 x 4
(c) x 3 y 2 (d) x 3 y 4
Ans.: (b)
dy dy 2 x y
Solution: Given x 2 xy 5 0 2 x y x 0
dx dx x
dy 3
At 1,1 , 3
dx 1
Hence the equation of tangent line is y 1 3 x 1 y 3 x 4
a0 2 nx 2 nx
f x n 1 an cos n 1 bn sin
.
2 L L
If f x x in the region 0, ,b2 ………………
Ans.: 0 5
Solution: Here, 2l l / 2
2 2 x 2 2 x cos 4 x 1
b2
x sin
0
/2
dx x sin 4 xdx
0 4
sin 4 x
16 0
2 cos 1 2 1
sin 4 0 0 5 .
4 16 4 2
Hence, f x, y f x x 3 x 2 1
3
df x , y df x
3x 2 3 x 2 1 2 x
2
dx dx
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Q34. Consider a closed triangular contour traversed in counter-clockwise
y
direction, as shown in the figure.
Q
The value of the integral, F dl evaluated along this contour, for a
vector field, F yeˆx xeˆy , is………….. ( eˆx , eˆy and eˆz are unit vectors
in Cartesian-coordinate system). 4 4
x
O P 2,0
Ans.: 2
Solution: F yeˆx xeˆy F 2 zˆ and d a dxdyzˆ F .d a 2dxdy
F dl 1
F .d a 2 dxdy 2 2 2 1 2
Q35. A hemispherical shell is placed on the x-y plane centered at the origin. For a vector
field E yeˆx xeˆy / x 2 y 2 , the value of the integral E da over the
S
hemispherical surface is……………… .
( da is the elemental surface area, eˆx , eˆy and eˆz are unit vectors in Cartesian-coordinate
system)
Ans.: 2
Solution: E yeˆx xeˆy / x 2 y 2 E 0 except at origin.
E .d a E.dl
S line
2
E.dl d 2
0
line
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IIT-JAM 2017
Q36. For the three matrices given below, which one of the choices is correct?
0 1 0 i 1 0
1 2 3
1 0 i 0 0 1
(a) 1 2 i 3 (b) 1 2 i 3 (c) 1 2 2 1 I (d) 3 2 i 1
Ans. : (b)
Solution: These are pauli spin matrix which will satisfied 1 2 i 3 and 1 2 2 1 0
40
Q37. The integral of the vector A , , z cos ˆ (standard notation for cylindrical
coordinates is used) over the volume of a cylinder of height L and radius R0 is:
(a) 20 R0 L iˆ ˆj (b) 0 (c) 40 R0 L ˆj (d) 40 R0 L iˆ
Ans. : (d)
Solution: By seeing the options lets calculate
R0 2 L
Ad
40
cos cos iˆ sin ˆj d d dz ˆ cos iˆ sin ˆj
V 0 0 0
2
Ad 40 R0 L cos cos iˆ sin ˆj d 40 R0 L iˆ
V 0
df
Q38. Which one of the following graphs represents the derivative f x of the function
dx
1
f x most closely (graphs are schematic and not drawn to scale)?
1 x2
f x f x
(a) (b)
x x
f x f x
(c) (d)
x x
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Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, M.Sc. Entrance, JEST, TIFR and GRE in Physics
Ans. : (a)
1 df 2 x
Solution: f x and f x anti-symmetric function but f x is positive
1 x 2
dx 1 x 2
f x
and f x is positive
1 1
1 cos nx dx sin nx
an 0
0
n 0
1 1 1 2
1 sin nx dx cos nx 1 1
bn
0
n 0
n n
b1 2 3
Hence, 3
b3 2
Q40. The volume integral of the function f r , , r 2 cos over the region
0 r 2, 0 / 3 and 0 2 is………….
(Specify your answer upto two digits after the decimal point)
Ans. : 15.07
2 / 3 2 /3
25 1 cos 2
Solution: I fd r cos r sin drd d 2
2 2
V 0 0 0
5 2 2 0
32 1 24
cos 2 / 3 cos 00 2 15.07
/3
I
5 4 5
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Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, M.Sc. Entrance, JEST, TIFR and GRE in Physics
Q41. Consider two particles moving along the x - axis. In terms of their coordinates x1 and x2 ,
dx1 dx
their velocities are given as x2 x1 and 2 x1 x2 , respectively. When they start
dt dt
moving from their initial locations of x1 0 1 and x2 0 1 , the time dependence of
both x1 and x2 contains a term of the form e a t , where a is a constant. The value of a
(an integer) is………………
Ans. : 2
Solution: From the given relations we can write
dx1 dx
2
dt dt
Integrating both sides with respect to t gives, x1 x2 c1 , where c being a constant of
integration
At t 0, x1 1 and x2 1
Hence, c 0
Thus, x1 x2 (i)
Using equation (i) the first equation can be written as
dx1 dx
2 x1 1 2dt
dt x1
x1
ln x1 2t ln k1 ln 2t x1 t k1e 2t
k1
Thus, x2 k2 e 2t
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fiziks
Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, M.Sc. Entrance, JEST, TIFR and GRE in Physics
Using x2 0 1 , we obtain k2 1
Thus, x2 t e 2t
value of y 2 is……………….
since y 0 0 0 c1 c1 0
Thus we can write y c2 xe x y c2 e x xe x
since y 0 1
1 c2 1 0 c2 1
y xe x
2 2
y 2 2e 2 0.27
2.72
2 2
e
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IIT-JAM 2018
Q43. Let f x, y x 3 2 y 3 . The curve along which 2 f 0 is
(a) x 2 y (b) x 2 y
y
(c) x 6 y (d) x
2
Ans.: (b)
2 3 2 3
Solution: f 2 x 2 y 2 x 2 y 3 0
2
x
3
y
2 f 6 x 12 y
2 f 0 6 x 12 y 0 x 2 y
Q44. A curve is given by r t tiˆ t 2 ˆj t 3kˆ . The unit vector of the tangent to the curve at
t 1 is
iˆ ˆj kˆ iˆ ˆj kˆ iˆ 2 ˆj 2kˆ iˆ 2 ˆj 3kˆ
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 6 3 14
Ans.: (d)
Solution: Let n̂ be a unit vector tangent to the curve at t.
dr / dt iˆ 2tjˆ 3tkˆ iˆ 2 j 3kˆ
nˆ at t 1, nˆ
dr / dt 1 4t 2 5t 2 14
x, x 0
Q45. The function f x is expanded as a Fourier series of the form
x, 0 x
(a) a0 0, bn 0 (b) a0 0, bn 0
(c) a0 0, bn 0 (d) a0 0, bn 0
Ans.: (b)
x, x 0
Solution:- f x
x, 0 x
a0
1
2
0
xdx xdx
0
2
a0 0
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Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, M.Sc. Entrance, JEST, TIFR and GRE in Physics
bn
1
0
x sin nxdx x sin nxdx
0
1 x cos nx sin nx x cos nx sin nx
0
n
n 2 n n 2 0
2
1 2 cos n n ; n even
bn
n 2 ; n odd
n
Thus, bn 0
Q46. Which one of the following curves correctly represents (schematically) the solution for
df
the equation 2 f 3 : f 0 0?
dx
f x f x
(a) (b) 3
1
2
2
x 0 x
0
f x
f x
(c) (d) 3
1 2
2
0 x 0 x
Ans.: (b)
df df 1
Solution:- 2 f 3; f 0 0 dx ln 3 2 f x A
dx 3 2 f 2
1
Since, f 0 0 A ln 3
2
x
1
ln
3
2 3 2 f
3
f 1 e 2 x
2
3
Now, we can see, at x 0, f 0, at x , f
2
Thus option (b) is correct one.
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Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, M.Sc. Entrance, JEST, TIFR and GRE in Physics
Q47. Consider the transformation to a new set of coordinates , from rectangular Cartesian
J x, y 1
J
J , 13
1
Since, area element in system is, dA J d d d d
13
4 x
Q48. Let matrix M . If det M 0 , then
6 9
(a) M is symmetric (b) M is invertible
(c) one eigenvalue is 13 (d) Its eigenvectors are orthogonal
Ans.: (a), (c), (d)
4 x
Solution:- Since, M ,
6 9
If M 0 36 6 x 0 x 6
4 x
Hence, M
6 9
(a) Here, M M , so it is symmetric matrix
(b) Determinant M 0 , so noninvertible matrix
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Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, M.Sc. Entrance, JEST, TIFR and GRE in Physics
(4 )(9 ) 36 0 0, 13
(d) Eigen vectors for distinct eigen values for a symmetric matrix are orthogonal.
Q49. Let f x 3 x 6 2 x 2 8 . Which of the following statements is (are) true?
Now, 3x 6 2 x 2 8 0
2 8
x6 x 2 0
3 3
Ax Bx Cx 4 Dx3 Ex 2 Fx G 0
6 5
2 8
x 6 0.x 5 0.x 4 0.x 3 x 2 0.x 0
3 3
B
Here, sum of roots 0
A
G 8
And product of roots
A 3
Since all coefficient are real, then complex roots are conjugate to each other.
Hence, options (a), (b) and (d) are correct.
Q50. The coefficient of x 3 in the Taylor expansion of sin sin x around x 0 is ______.
(Specify your answer upto two digits after the decimal point)
Ans.: 0.33
Solution:- Let f x sin sin x
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Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, M.Sc. Entrance, JEST, TIFR and GRE in Physics
f x 2 cos x sin x sin sin x cos x cos sin x cos x cos sin x sin x sin sin x cos x
3
1
sin 2 x.sin sin x cos3 x.cos sin x cos x.cos sin x sin 2 x.sin sin x
2
at x 0,
f 0 1 1 2
Hence,
x x1 f x0 x x1 f x0 x x0
2 3
f x f x0 f x1 .....
1 2 3
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