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/f]Sg lgb]{zg lbof] / ;f] sfo{qmd tTsfnsf nflu rflxg] ax'dt g]skfsf ;f+;baf6}
sfkmL lyof] .
sltko lg0f{ox?
:ylut ug]{ atfOP klg k|wfgdGqL s]kL cf]nLn] t/ pgn] cfˆgf] ;/sf/nfO{ ;Dk"0f{
ljjflbt ag]sf 5g\ .
sf]0faf6 ;'/lIft /fVg t/fO{ dw]znfO{
k'gM ;f] sfo{qmd g]kfndf u/]/ g} 5f]8\g] pb\3f]if cfwf/ agfP/ /fhgLlt ul//x]sf b'O{
u/]sf 5g\ . ptf ;/sf/n] ef/taf6 cfoft x'g] bn ;dfhjfbL kmf]/d g]kfn / /fli6«o To:tf lg0f{o ljjflbt
hgzlQm kf6L{sf] klg ;dy{g h'6fP .
kmnk"mn / t/sf/L ljiffbL k/LIf0fkl5 dfq leq\ofpg] vf;df o;f] ug{'df ;+;bleq k|d'v ag]sf dfq geO{
gLlt NofPsf] lyof] . t/, ef/tsf] bafakl5 k|ltkIfLdf k'u]sf] g]kfnL sf+u|];nfO{

;/sf/sf] Tof] gLlt klg t'lxPsf] 5 . o;/L x]bf{

lg/Lx agfpg' dfq lyPg,
e"/fhgLlts kl/l:yltnfO{ cfkm'gs ' n
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;/sf/ b]z / hgtfsf] kIfdf v/f]?kdf pqg agfpFb} ˜;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgsf] dw]zL
d'2f ;Daf]wg ug{ b'O{ ltxfO{ cfjZos klg lng' k/]sf] 5 . o:tf] x'gd' f g]kfnL
g;s]sf] k|:6 x'G5 . ;/sf/sf o:tf ultljlw / kg]{ tYonfO{ cfTd;ft ul/Psf]
;~rf/dfWodsf] bf]if /x]sf] k|wfgdGqL cf]nL / pgsf]
b]vfpg' lyof] .
/fi6« / hglxtljk/Lt sfo{sf] lj/f]w ubf{ r/d\ csf{ l t/ dw] z cfGbf] n g /
bdg ePsf] 5 . h;sf] pbfx/0fsf] nflu g]kfn dw]zLk|ltsf] s6"tf cGTosf] af6f] cf;]kf;]nfO{ nfUg yfn]sf] 5 . cfnf]rgf gkrfpg]
vf]Ng' klg lyof] . h;sf] Psdfq ;"q
sDo'lg:6 kf6L{dflysf] k|ltaGw / bdgnfO{ lng dw]zL bnnfO{ ;/sf/df ;fd]n u/]/ z}nL b]lvg yfn]sf] 5 . b'O{ ltxfO{sf] zlQm ePsf]
jftfj/0f ;UNofpg' lyof] . h;sf]
;lsG5 . ;/sf/sf] /fi6«lxt / hglxt ljk/Ltsf]
sfo{sf] lj/f]w u/]s} sf/0f g]kfn sDo'lg:6
tTsfn c;/ klg b] l vof] .
lgjf{rgcl3 dw]zdf lj/n} k|j]z
;/sf/n] NofPsf] ljifonfO{ cj1f ug]{ < xfdLnfO{
kf6L{dfly k|ltaGw nufOPsf] 5 . km]s OGsfG6/sf] u/]sf cf]nL k|wfgdGqL ag]kl5
dw]znfO{ ;Dd[4 agfpg] gf/f af]s]/ l;sfpg vf]Hg] eGg] h:tf k|jl[ Qn] clxn] l;+xb/jf/ /
gfddf p;sf sfo{stf{ dfl/Psf 5g\, k|x/L bdgnfO{ t/fO{ emg{ ;kmn eP . pk] G b|
ofbjnfO{ ;Qf/f] x 0f u/fP eg] afn'jf6f/ 3]/s ] f] b]lvG5 . lglZrt sf]6/LeGbf aflx/
tLj| kfl/Psf] 5 . ;/sf/df hfg] ghfg] åGådf /fhkfnfO{
csf]{ ;/sf/, slt k"jf{u|xL 5 eGg] s'/fsf] cNemfOlbO/x] .
sf+ u | ] ; cfˆgf] hLjgsfns}
lg:s]/ s'/f / ;'emfj g;'Gbfsf kl/0ffd b'O{ ltxfO{sf]
k'li6 k|wfgdGqL cf]nLsf] clxn] sf7df8f}F w'nf]dQ' m ;a}eGbf cnf]slk|o cj:yfdf lyof] .
;/sf/df /xFbf sf+u; ]| g]tT[ jn] lnPsf
zlQmdf ePsf] ;/sf/ Pskl5 csf]{ ub}{ kl5 x6\g
eO;s]sf] eGg] cleJolQmk|lt cfdhgtfn] u/]sf]
oyfy{ lrq0fnfO{ lnP/ k|wfgdGqL cf]nLn] lbPsf]
sltko cnf]slk|o / ck|hftflGqs
xs{tsf sf/0f hgtfn] hgdtdfkm{t\
afWo x'g yfn]sf] 5 .
lynlynf] kf/]sf lyP . zL/ 7f8f]
cleJolQmnfO{ lng ;lsG5 . k|wfgdGqL cf]nLsf] u/]/ lx+8\g g;Sg] cj:yfdf k'u]sf] lht] s f cf] n L r' g fjsf a] n f efjdf lyP . cf]nL–bfxfn aLrsf] …£o" @)&# ;fpg;Dd k|wfgdGqL aGbf
cleJolQmnfO{ ulxl/P/ lgofNg] xf] eg] ;/sf/sf] sf+u|]; 3/emu8fdf o;/L km;]sf] hgtf;dIf u/]sf afrf nfu' u/fpg a]r'jf / t/af/ a]r'jfÚ ;Demf}tfsf] g]kfnn] agfPsf] ;+ljwfgdf lrQ
lyof]/5 ls p;nfO{ ;/sf/lt/ kms]/{ cfkm'gs
' n
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] f ;'O{+sf];Dd gkfPsf] dfwj g]kfn– ga' e m] s f] eGb} ef/tn] dw] z
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;/sf/sf] sdLsdhf]/L cf}FNofpg] ;a} /fi6« /
hg3ftL x'g\ eGg] ;/sf/sf] 7DofO{ b]lvG5 . o;/L
/fi6«lxt / hgck]Iffsf] lvNnL p8fpg] ;/sf/L
z}nL cfd :jfledfgL hgtfnfO{ dg k/]sf] 5}g .
nfu" kbfy{ ;]jg
;/sf/ tTsfn ;lRrg} k5{ . cGoyf hgljb|f]x
lglZrt 5, r]tgf eof .
k]6f« l] nod kbfy{ 9'jfgL 7Kk kfg]{ r]tfjgL
uof] cd"No hLjg
sf7df8f}F . k]6f« l] nod 9'jfgL Joj;foL dxf;+3n] Joj;foLsf dfu ;Daf]wg
gu/] ;fpg ! ut]bl] v 9'jfgL 7Kk agfpg] r]tfjgL lbPsf] 5 . kfFr a'bF ]
dfu k|:t't ub}{ dxf;+3n] dfu k"/f ug{ r]tfjgL lbPsf] xf] . dxf;+3sf]
s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldlt a}7sn] cem} Ps jif{ 6\ofÍ/x? Eof6df btf{ x'g g;Sg]
klg lgisif{ lgsfn]sf] 5 . 6\ofªs/x? a}s + C0fdf /x]sf] C0f ;s]/ Eof6df
hfg ;do nfUg] Joj;foLsf] ts{ 5 . dxf;+3n] 6\ofÍ/x? Eof6df hfgsf
nflu xfn ;~rfngdf /x]sf 6\ofÍ/x?sf] x|f; s§L d"No to x'g' kg]{ tyf
xfn Eof6df btf{ gePsf To:tf uf8Lx? btf{kZrft laqmL ubf{ Eof6
gnfUg] Joj:yf ul/g' kg]{ klg dfu cl3 ;f/]sf] 5 .
tfn'kgsf] :yfoL ;dfwfg Û
sf7df8f}F . k'?ifx?df x'g] tfn'kgsf] :yfoL ;dfwfgsf nflu dxTjk"0f{
;kmntf j}1flgsx?n] kQf nufPsf 5g\ . n; PGhn;df ePsf] OG6/g];gn
;f];fO6L km/ l:6d ;]n l/;r{ ;Dd]ngsf qmddf j}1flgsx?n] ca dfq Ps
k|of]uaf6 of] ;d:ofsf] :yfoL ;dfwfg lgSof]n { x'g] bfjL u/]sf 5g\ . :ofgkmf]8{
g] k fn ;/sf/
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] sf j}1flgsx?n] l:6d ;]nsf] ;xof]udf lgdf{0f u/]sf] /f}+
{ a9]sf] 5 . o;/L ljsl;t ul/Psf] /f}s
ul/Psf] 5 . dflg; / d';f b'js
+ f] k/LIf0f d';fdfly
} f] l:6d ;]naf6 tof/ kfl/Psf] /f}d+ Wo] d';fsf]
;~rf/ tyf ;"rgf k|ljlw dGqfno
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k|of]uaf6 pT;fxL ePsf a}1flgsx?n] dflg;df klg k/LIf0f ug]{ tof/L u/]sf
5g\ . 8f= Pn]S;L 6];l{ svn] eg]sf 5g\, …skfn emg]{ ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfgsf
nflu sf]ifdf cfwfl/t pkrf/ kl4df of] Ps hl6n …a|s ] y|Ú' xf] .Ú
;"rgf tyf k|;f/0f ljefu
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;/sf/L bdg, k|lt/f]w / hgck]Iff cf]nL, cfTdfZnf3f / aN8\ofª vf“b} anzfnL ;/sf/
qmflGt, ljb|f]x, hgcfGbf]ng /
hgo'4sf] d'Vo sf/0f g} hgck]Iff
/fHoAoa:yf xf] . /fHo;Qf
ju{;+3if{sf] pkh xf], /fHosf] rl/q
juL{o x'G5 hxfF;Dd /fHo;Qfsf]
Aojxf/ ;dfg x'bF g} ToxfF;Dd qmflGt,
lab|f]x, hgcfGbf]ng o'4 clgjfo{
x'G5 . of] lj1fgsf] csf6\o lgod
xf] . o;sf] ;lx ;dfwfg eg]sf] g}
;dfgtf xf] , ;dfgtfn] zflGt
:jtGqtfn] ;d[l4 Nofp5 . @))^
/0flbk P]8L
b]zsf] dfof ug]{ b]zeQm
afdkGyL k|utLzLnx?sf]
df]rf{ k]lrnf] aGb} hfg'n]
kmf;LjfbL ;/sf/ wd{/fpg]
7fpFdf k'Uof] cGttM of]
k|ltaGw g]skfdfyL dfq
;Lldt ePg sL of] b]zsf]
;d[l4 rfxg] hf] s;}dfyL
kl/nlIft xf] eGg] s'/f ;flat eof] . / ;/sf/ Ps
lsl;dsf] lj4'tLo w/fkdf k/]sf] h:tf] efg ;a}lt/ eof] .
o;sf] k'i6\ofO ;nf{xLdf s'df/ kf}8n
gf}6s+ L sfkmL 5 . lo / o:tf lgGbgLo 36gfn]
ha/h:t k|lt/f]w hGdfof] / k|lt/f]w :j?k ul/Psf aGb
x6\tfn nufotsf cGo l56km'6 36gf o;}sf] kl/0ftL xf]
t/ hgtfn] cem} gk'us ] f] / g]skf w]/} ;xgzLn / b]z
hgtfk|tL b]vfPsf] lhDd]jf/Laf6 cRrldt 5 w]/} w}o{
u/]sf] ?kdf a'em]sf] 5 .
;fnb] v L xfn;Ddsf] o' 4 /
hgcfGbf]ngn] oxL s'/fsf] k'i6L
ub{5 . hxfF c;dfgtf x'G5 ToxfF
czflGt x'G5 hxfF k/flwgtf x'G5
ToxfF ul/aL x'G5 . clg lab|fx] qmflGt
clgafo{ x'g k'U5 . ha qmflGtn]
lasf; u/]/ cfˆgf ;a} cjojx?nfO{
dha't 9+un] ljsf; u5{ Tolta]nf
k'FhLjfbL rl/qwf/Lx? /fHosf] zQmL
b'?kof]u u/]/ bdg g} ;dfwfgsf]
lasNk /f] H g] ub{ 5 g . To;n]
qmflGtnfO{ ;fk]lIfs xfgL k'¥ofP klg
d'ne"t ?kdf ;xof]uL g} x'g] u/]sf]
5 . ;/sf/L bdgn] Aofks ?k lnG5
Tolta]nf qmfGtLsf/L larf/, g]t[Tj
/ sfo{lbzf ;du| If]qdf :yflkt x'G5,
e};s]kl5 larf/af6 k/flht eP/
bdgsf/Lx?n] aftf{sf] xTs08f k|of]u
ug]{ ub{5g . dfq} b]zn] 7'nf] Iflt
Aoxf]/L ;s]sf] x'G5 . !) aif]{ dxfg
hgo'4 o;}sf] HjfnGt pbfx/0f xf] .
hlta]nf $) ;'qLo dfu /fVof] Tof]
;xh} k'/f ePsf] eP ^$ sf] :t/
sfod x'Fb}gYof] . dfq} ;fy{s aftf{ /
a} 1 flgs lgisif{ gxF ' b f qmflGt
k|ltqmfGtLdf ablnPsf] lttf] ;Toaf6
eg] ;t{ s /xg} k5{ . lo ;a}
;sf/fTds / gsf/fTds 36gfn] s]
k'i6L u5{ eg] h'g p2]Zo ;lxt
lab|f]x hlGdG5 Tof] p2]Zo gr'Db}
cyjf cfwf/ gabnL pkl/;+/rgfdf
kl/jt{ g ;Dej xF ' b } g . t;y{
jt{dfgdf rln/x]sf] qmflGt / e}/x]sf]
bdg o;}sf] pkh xf] . o:sf] a:t'jfbL
;dfwfg ePg eg] lautsf] k'g/fa[tL
x'g hfG5 of] au{;+3if{sf] clgjfo{
lgod xf] . o'4dfly x'g] bdg /
qmflGtdflysf] bdg lgtfGt} km/s
s'/f xf] . o'4 qmflGtsf] ?kdf ablnbf
bdg eg] k+rfotL z}nLdf e}/x]sf]
5 . at{dfg ;/sf/sf] cGTo olxg]/
5 . em'§f d'8e]6 bf]xf]/f] le8Gt /
g]tf sfo{stf{sf] lu/ˆtf/L gfafnssf]
ckx/0fn] ;+s]t ub{5 . gSsnL
sDo'lgi6sf] b'O{ ltxfO{ ;/sf/sf]
] sf] xTof / ul/Psf]
cwf] u tLsf] ;' ? jftL logL
36gfqmdaf6 ePsf] 5 . cfbz{ ;'vL
g]kfnL / ;d[4 g]kfn Aoa;fo bdg,
of] s'g} cgf}7f] / a'‰g sl7g ;/sf/L
kmf}hL /0fgLlt xf]Og{ lg/+sz
' hxfgLo
/f0ff zf;gs} lg/Gt/tfsf] ?kdf
cfPsf] 5 . ;lsG5 bdg w/ks6
;lsb}g s[ltd cGt/lj/f]wsf] ;[hgf
u/L la36g ;lsb}g nf]jk|nf]egaf6
vl/b laqmL of] s'g} gofF cjtf/ xf]Og{
b]v]sf] / ef]u]sf] s'/f xf] . a?
;dflhs bnfnx?sf nfuL PsLs[t
hgqmflGt kf] cGwfsf] nfuL xfQL
ePsf] 5 . tyfkL snfTds
k|lt/f]wsf] lasf;sf] h?/L b]lvG5 .
;zQm k|lt/f]w / hgck]Iff
jt{dfg s]kL ;/sf/n] cfˆgf]
hgla/f]wL rl/q 9fs5f]k ug{ / n'6sf]
:ju{ arfpgsf nfuL lauts}
lg/Gt/tfdf sDo'lgi6 kf6L{dfyL
k|ltaGw nufpg] sfd uof]{ pQm
k|ltaGwsf] 3f]if0ffkl5 h'g ;kgf s]kL
kmf;LFjfbL ;/sf/n] b]vs ] f] lyof] cfh
cfP/ unt ;fljt x'Fb}5 lsgsL
k|ltaGwsf] rf}tkmL{ cfnf]rgf / pQm
sbd lj?4 gf/f 3lGsP g]skfdf
emg hgnx/ pln{of] ;/sf/ / slyt
hgk|ltlgwL afx]s s;}n] ;sf/fTds
?kdf lnPg, sbdsf] sxL st}af6
:jfut ePg a? la/f]w ;a{q eof]
o;n] ;/sf/ / o;sf ;+rfnssf]
ckl/kSjtf k'i6L x'G5 . b]zsf] dfof
ug]{ b]zeQm afdkGyL k|utLzLnx?sf]
df]rf{ k]lrnf] aGb} hfg'n] kmf;LjfbL
;/sf/ wd{/fpg] 7fpFdf k'Uof] cGttM
of] k|ltaGw g]skfdfyL dfq ;Lldt
ePg sL of] b]zsf] ;d[l4 rfxg] hf]
s;}dfyL kl/nlIft xf] eGg] s'/f
;flat eof] . / ;/sf/ Ps lsl;dsf]
lj4'tLo w/fkdf k/]sf] h:tf] efg
;a}lt/ eof] . o;sf] k'i6\ofO ;nf{xLdf
s'df/ kf}8n] sf] xTof / ul/Psf] gf}6s
+ L
sfkmL 5 . lo / o:tf lgGbgLo
36gfn] ha/h:t k|lt/f]w hGdfof]
/ k|lt/f]w :j?k ul/Psf aGb x6\tfn
nufotsf cGo l56km'6 36gf o;}sf]
kl/0ftL xf] t/ hgtfn] cem} gk'us ] f]
/ g] s kf w] / } ;xgzLn / b] z
hgtfk|tL b]vfPsf] lhDd]jf/Laf6
cRrldt 5 w]/} w}o{ u/]sf] ?kdf
a'em]sf] 5 . lemgf] dfqfdf aGb
x8\tfn gu/]sf] eP x'GYof] aftf{
;xdtLsf] af6f]af6 lgsf; eGg]
cfof] . Tof] a'emfO{s} cefj xf] lsgsL
;+lawfgn] lbPsf df}lns clwsf/
dfyL k| l taGw nufpg' eg] s f]
c;+a}wflgs sfd u/ eGg' afx]ssf]
s] g} xf] /< o:df /fHosf] bf]; jf
lab|fx] L sf] < zflGtk'0f{ ultljlwdfyL
k|ltaGw nufpg' eg]sf] czflGt u/
eGg] cy{ nfUb}g / < zflGtk'0f{
tl/sfn] hgtfsf cfjfh p7fpbf
Aojf:yf u/] adn] ;'gfpg' afWotf
xf] . zflGtk'0f{ ;ef h'n; ' wgf{ la/f]w
ug{ gkfpg] u/L k|ltaGw y'kfl/G5
eg] k|ltjfb ToxL 9+un] ug{' afWotf
xf] o;sf] ?k h:tf] klg x'g ;S5 .
aGb x8\tfn tf]8kmf]8 / cfuhgLn]
b]z ;d[l4 x'G5 eg]/ afWotf ga'emL
ts{ ubf{ d'vt{ f x'g hfG5 . hgtfsf]
ck]Iff t w]/} ;xof] ca t ;xg'sf]
klg t xb x'G5 . b]z n'l6;s] kf6L{n]
l56f] sbd rfnf]; eGg] ck]Iff
/fv]sf] 5 . lsgsL b]zsf] /Iff
hgclwsf/sf] Uof/]06L ;lxtsf]
a}1flgs ;dfhjfbsf] Ph]08f Tof]
k|fKtLsf] a}1flgs sfo{lbzf af]s]sf]
Ps dfq kf6L{ g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{
xf] eGg] a'em]sf] 5 .
cfGbf]ngsf] ;dy{gdf g]kfndfly
gfsfaGbL yf] k /] k l5 cf] n Ln]
b[9tfk"js { k|lt/f]w u/]sf lyP . ToxL
jfxjfxLn] cf]nLnfO{ …/fli6«o lx/f]Ú sf]
?kdf k] z uof] { . @)&$ sf]
lgjf{rgdf pgL lglj{sNk lx/f]sf
?kdf r'gfjL d}bfgdf b]lvP . To;}sf]
kmn pgn] ;+3Lo, k|b]z ;+;b /
:yfgLo lgjf{rgdf a9L l;6 lht]/
kfP .
t/ @)&% kmfu' g df bf] ; | f ]
sfo{ s fnsf nflu k| w fgdGqLsf]
lhDd]jf/L ;Dxfn]otf eg] cf]nLdf st}
g st} bDe, cx+sf/ / d g} /fHo x"F
eGg] e|d ljsf; ePsf] b]lvG5 .
cfˆg} bnleqsf lj/f]wLnfO{ xf];\ jf
c? bnnfO{ x]g]{ b[li6sf]0fdf pgL
k6s– k6s ljjfbsf] 3] / fdf
tflgPsf 5g\ . olx cj:yf /
dgf]j[lQ @)^$ sf] ;+ljwfg;ef
lgjf{ r gaf6 7" n f] bn ag] k l5
k'iksdn bfxfn / pgsf] kf6L{
dfcf]jfbLdf b]lvPsf] lyof] .
cf]nL clxn] ;a}eGbf a9L ?i6
g]kfnsf ;~rf/dfWod;Fu ePsf]
pgsf] af/Daf/sf] cleJolQmn]
b]vfpg yfn]sf] 5 . ;/sf/n] ;+ljwfg,
ljlw / k/Dk/fnfO{ nTofpFb} b'O{
ltxfO{sf] andf nfb\g vf]hs ] f sltko
lg0f{ox? ljjflbt ag]sf 5g\ . To:tf
lg0f{o ljjflbt ag]sf dfq geO{
;/sf/n] lkmtf{ g} klg lng' k/]sf]
5 . o:tf] x' g ' d f g] k fnL
;~rf/dfWodsf] bf]if /x]sf] k|wfgdGqL
cf]nL / pgsf] cf;]kf;]nfO{ nfUg
yfn]sf] 5 . cfnf]rgf gkrfpg] z}nL
b]lvg yfn]sf] 5 . b'O{ ltxfO{sf] zlQm
ePsf] ;/sf/n] NofPsf] ljifonfO{
cj1f ug]{ < xfdLnfO{ l;sfpg vf]Hg]
eGg] h:tf k|j[lQn] clxn] l;+xb/jf/
/ afn'jf6f/ 3]/s ] f] b]lvG5 . lglZrt
sf]6/LeGbf aflx/ lg:s]/ s'/f /
;'emfj g;'Gbfsf kl/0ffd b'O{ ltxfO{sf]
zlQmdf ePsf] ;/sf/ Pskl5 csf]{
ub}{ kl5 x6\g afWo x'g yfn]sf] 5 .
cfkm}n] k|:tfj u/]sf ljw]os /
lg0f{ox? lkmtf{ lng'kg]{ cj:yfdf
k'us ] f] 5 . lgodgsf/L /fHosf] ;f6f]
;/sf/ lgoGq0fd'vL /fHo agfpg
nDs]sf] cfefif x'g yfn]sf] 5 .
csf{tkm{ hltklg ljw]osx? ;+;bdf
k'us ] f 5g\ jf k'¥ofOFb} 5g\ To;df
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s;}n] yfxf kfpFnf ls eGg] z}nLn]
ckf/bzL{ sfd ePsf] cf/f]k klg
nflu/x]sf] 5 .
sxf“ sxf“ r'Sof] ;/sf/ < lsg
x' g ' k¥of] lkmtf{ <
u' 7 L ljw] o s
b]ze/ /x]sf u'7LnfO{ Jojl:yt
ug]{ eGb} ;/sf/n] ;/f]sf/jfnf;Fu s'g}
5nkmn g} gu/L ;+;bdf ljw]os
nUof] . t/ o; ljw]ossf] ;/f]sf/jfnf
;a}n] lj/f]w u/] . u'7L ljw]osn]
;f+:s[lts cf:yfd} k|xf/ u/]sf] 7fg]kl5
sf7df8f}F dfq geO{ b]zsf ljleGg
:yfgdf ePsf] lj/f]wsf] ;fdgf
;/sf/n] ug{' kof]{ . kl/0ffd ljw]os
g} lkmtf{ lng ;/sf/ afWo ePsf] 5 .
/fxbfgL ljw] o s
o:t} csf]{ pbfx/0f ag]sf] 5,
/fxbfgL;DalGw ljw]os . ;+3Lo
;+;baf6 kfl/t eO{ k|df0fLs/0fsf
nflu /fi6«klt sfof{nodf k'us ] f] o;
ljw]osdf JolQmsf] JolQmut :jtqtf
s'l07t ug]{ k|fjwfg /x]s} sf/0f
/fi6«klt ljBfb]jL e08f/Ln] ;+;bd}
lkmtf{ k7fOlbPsL l5g\ . b' O {
ltxfO{ l gs6sf] ;+ ; bn] agfP/
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k'¥ofO ;lsPsf] ljw]os lkmtf{ lng'n]
s] ;Gb]z hfG5 <
ldl8of sfplG;n ljw] o s
o;} u /L ldl8of sfplG;n
ljw]osdf ;/sf/n] NofPsf] Joj:yfn]
;+ljwfgn] k|Tofe"t u/]sf] k"0f{ k|; ] ;/sf/n] km]l/ csf]{ ;+zf]wg u¥of] .
:jtGqtfdf s6f}lt x'g] eGb} ;j{q
cfnf]rgf ePsf] 5 . k|wfgdGqLb]lv
;/sf/sf k|jQmf Pj+ ;~rf/ dGqLn]
g} ljw]os ;~rfOg] k|ltj4tf hgfpg'
k/] s f] 5 . t/ dGqLx? s] x L
;Dkfbs/kqsf/nfO{ lglZrt
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eGb} s6" l6Kk0fL ub}{ lxFl8/x]sf 5g\ .
dfgjclwsf/ cfof] u ljw] o s
dfgjclwsf/ ljw]osdf p;}u/L
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If] q lwsf/;d] t s6f} l t ub} {
dxfGofoflwjQmf dftxtsf] Pp6f
zfvfsf ?kdf kl/0ft ug{ vf]h]sf]
cf] / f] k ;/sf/dfly nfu] s f] 5 .
gful/s ;dfhb]lv cfof]usf k"j{
cWoIfx?;d] t n] of] ;+ j } w flgs
:jfoQtf v'DRofpg] rfnafhL xf] eGb}
cfklQ hgfPsf 5g\ . ;/sf/sf dGqL
sdhf]/L eP ;Rofpg] t atfpFb} 5g\
t/ cfof]u cWoIfnfO{ wDofpg klg
kl5 k/]sf 5}gg\ .
lzIff;DalGw ljw] o s
k|fl1s :jtGqtfdfly x:tIf]k ug]{
u/L lzIff ljw]os NofOPsf] eGb}
lqe' j g ljZjljBfnosf k" j {
pks'nkltx?n] ;+oQ' m ?kd} cfnf]rgf
ul/;s]sf 5g\ . of] ljw]os ;/sf/n]
NofPs} :j?kdf kfl/t ePsf d'ns ' df
z}lIfs ljs[lt dfq y'lk|g] pgLx?sf]
lgisif{ 5 .
;' / Iff kl/ifb ljw] o s
;'/Iff kl/ifb;lDaGw ljw]osdf
ljz]if Joj:yf u/L ;]gf kl/rfngsf]
Psn clwsf/ k|wfgdGqLdf /fVg
k|:tfj ul/Psf] 5 . h;sf] rsf]{
cfnf]rgf ePsf] 5 . o;n] k|wfgdGqL
lg/+sz ' af6f]df nDsg vf]hs ] f] eGb}
;+;bleq / aflx/ cfnf]rgf ePsf] 5 .
oftfoftdf l;l08s]6 cGTosf]
xf}jf, 6fo 6fo lkm:; Û
cf]nLn] sfo{sfnsf] z'?jft ub}{
oftfoft If]qdf /x]sf] l;l08s]6 tf]8g\ ]
eGb} lg0f{o u/] . hgtfaf6 jfxjfxL
klg kfP . t/ Tof] lg0f{o s]xL
oftfoft ?6df yk uf8L rnfpg
lbg]eGbf a9Ldf hfg ;s]g . a? dGqL
g} l;l08s]6lj?4 plqPsf] cf/f]k
nfUof] . pgn] ;ldltsf /f] S sf
/flvPsf vftfx? g} vf]lnlbP .
;fj{hlgs oftfoftsf @(@ ;ldltdf
cfwf klg sDkgLdf btf{ x'g uPsf
5}gg\ .
lgd{ n f kGt anfTsf/kl5 xTof
k| s /0f
s~rgk'/sL !# jifL{of aflnsf
lgd{nf kGtsf] anfTsf/kl5 ul/Psf]
xTof k|s/0f g]kfnL /fHo ;+/rgfsf]
Pp6f ljs[t laDasf ?kdf /x]sf]
5 . clxn];Dd xTofdf ;+nUgnfO{
;/sf/n] kqm]/ Gofosf] s73/fdf
pEofpg ;s]sf] 5}g . o;} ljifodf
af/Daf/ k|Zg ubf{ lgn{Hh k|zf;g
hjfkm lbg]eGbf pDsg] vf]lhdf dfq
b]lvG5 . @)&% ;fpg !) ut]
anfTsf/kl5 xTof ul/PsL kGtsf]
Ps jif{ x'gnfUbf;Dd klg ck/fwLsf
af/]df ;'Os { f];Dd yfxf gkfpg'n] xfd|f]
/fHo ;+/rgfsf] cj:yf b]vfpF5 .
;fj{ h lgs vl/b lgodfjnLsf]
5} 7 f} + ;+ z f] w g
lgdf{0f If]qdf Joj;foLsf] dgk/L
/ c/fhstf lgoGq0f ug{ eGb}
;/sf/n] ut a}zfv #) df /fhkqdf
;"rgf k|sflzt u/]/ ;fj{hlgs vl/b
lgodfjnLsf] 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg u¥of] . t/
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%) k|ltzteGbf a9L Dofb yKg
gkfOg], e|i6frf/ cleof]udf d'2f
bfo/ ePsf Joj;foLn] ;fj{hlgs
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Joj:yfsf] lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] lj/f]w
3
u/]kl5 pQm Joj:yf lkmtf{ lng]u/L
8f= s] ; Lsf] cfGbf] n g
lrlsT;f lzIff ;'wf/df k6s
k6ssf] cfGbf]ngdf ;/sf/n] u/]sf]
;Demf}tf nfu' ug{ 8f= uf]ljGb s];Ln]
yfn]sf] cfGbf]ngdf b]zsf ;a} ju{
/ ;d'bfosf] ;dy{g lyof] . ;/sf/
;Dxfn]nuQ} 8f= s];Lsf] cfGbf]ng v]Kg
k/]kl5 cf]nLsf] ;a}k|lt gsf/fTds
wf/0ff ljsf; ePsf] lyof] . t/ 8f=
s];Ln] p7fPsf ;a} dfu ;Daf]wg
ug]{ ;Demf}tf eg] kl5Nnf] k6s
k|wfgdGqL ePsf a]nf pg}n] u/]sf
lyP .
t/ cfkm}n] u/]sf] ;Demf}tf;d]t
kfngf gu/L ;+;baf6 ljw]os kfl/t
ug{ vf] l hPkl5 8f= s] ; L km] l /
cgzgdf a;]sf lyP . o;n] pgsf]
af]nL / Jojxf/df /x]sf] cGt/nfO{
hgtfn] a' ‰ g kfP . Tolta] n f
ldl8ofn] 8f= s];LnfO{ lbPsf] ;fyk|lt
klg ;/sf/ ?i6 ag]sf] lyof] . cem
;/sf/n] df;L{ eftsf] laDa ag]sf]
g]skf lgs6 Jofkf/Lsf] d]l8sn
sn]hnfO{ cg'dlt lbg vf]h]kl5
cfnf]rgf tLa| eof] .
b08xLg ;fj{ h lgs ;+ : yf /
clwsf/Lx?
d'n'sdf c/fhstf oltlj£g 5
ls hxfF h;n] h] u/]klg x'G5 eGg]
k|jl[ Q a9]sf] 5 . o;sf nflu jt{dfg
;/sf/ dfq sf/s kSs} 5}g . of]
nfdf] ;dob] l v ul/Psf]
/fhgLtLs/0f / b08xLgtfsf] ;d"n
?k xf] . hgtfn] lt/]sf] s/af6
kflng] o:tf ;+ : yf / ltgsf
clwsf/Lx?sf /j}of x]bf{ dWoo'uLg
sfof{nox? h:tf b]lvG5g\ .
Gofo lbg] GofofwLz 3";sf08df
d'l5G5 . p;nfO{ sfjf{xL ul/Gg a?
/fhLgfdf u/fP/ pGd'lQm lbOG5 .
lzIff/:jf:Yo If]qsf] lgodgsf/Lsf]
lhDdf kfPsfx? lghL
;~rfnsx?;F u ;fF 7 ufF 7 u/] /
;fj{hlgs ;+:yfx?nfO{ lgsDdf kfg{
nfU5g\, sfjf{xL x'Gg . ljZjljBfnosf
kbflwsf/Lx? ;DaGwgsf gfddf
/sd ;f]xf]g{ Jo:t 5g\ . k/LIffsf]
l/hN6;Dddf k} ; f vfP/ uf] N 8
d]8lni6sf] gfd lgsfN5g\ . k/LIff
kl/0ffddf cg'QL0f{nfO{ pQL0f{ / gDa/
yk]/ ;kmntfsf] l;+9L r9fpF5g\ .
clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg
cfof]u ljs[ltsf] h/fdf k'Ub}g .
xhf/sf] 3"; kqm]/ k|rf/ ub}d { f Jo:t
5 . bnLo sf]6fdf el/Psf ;fj{hlgs
;+:yfsf clwsf/Lx?af6 hgtfn]
s;/L Gofosf] cg' e " l t ug] { <
;/sf/sf] d'lvof o:tf bL3{/f]u
lgoGq0fdf kfOnf rfNg rfxGgg\ . a?
pN6} ToxL b08xLgtfsf] /fhdfu{df
xft xNnfpgd} dUg 5g\ . lylt
a;fNb}gg\ . lj/f]w u/]df cl3Nnfx?n]
o:t} ubf{ cfnf]rgf ePg d}n] ubf{
lsg eg]/ wf/] xft nufpF5g\ .
e|i6frf/ / clgoldttfsf] ljifodf
k|Zg ubf{ k|ltkIfL bnsf g]tf;d]tsf]
;+nUgtf ePsf] ljifonfO{ NofOG5 /
;a} s'/f ;fd;'d kfg{ vf]lhG5 .
ckTofl/nf x7n] u' D b} uPsf]
ljZj;gLotf
cf]nLn] cfkm' k|wfgdGqL ePkl5
d'ns ' af6 w'nf] w'jF f x6]sf], kfgL k/]sf],
ds} / wfg/cfn' h:tf s[ l ifhGo
pTkfbg a9]sf] h:tf ts{ k6s k6s
ul//x]sf 5g\ . h'g dflg;nfO{ ;'Gbf
klg xfF;f] p7\5g\ . kfOknfOgaf6
efG;f–efG;fdf Uof; k'¥ofpg], g]kfnL
kfgLhxfhaf6 ofqf ug{ lgdGq0ff
afF8\g] h:tf ljifo Pskl5 csf]{ ub}{
xfF:o z[+vnf dfq ag] . o:t} xf] eg]
lrlgofF b|"t ultsf] /]n csf]{ xfF:o
ls:;f gaGnf eGg ;lsGg .
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gf/LnfO{ b]jLsf] k|tLs dflgPsf] 5 .
gf/L /rgfsf] vfgL xf] . gf/Ln] gf}+
dlxgf;Dd aRrfnfO{ cfˆgf] ue{df
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kfngkf]if0fsf] ;fy;fy} ;+:sf/n]
cfˆgf] aRrfnfO{ >[Ëf/n] sfo{ klg
ub{l5g\ . cfˆgf] aRrfsf] v'zL x]bf{
k|;'tLsf] Joyf ;d]t la;{g] ul5{g\ .
ctM gf/Ln] o; ;+;f/df /rgf cyf{t
;[hgfsf] ef/ axg ul5{g\ . To;sf/0f
gf/L ;fRr} g} dxfg x'lG5g\ .
xfd|f] lkt[;QfTds jf k'¿if k|wfg
;dfhn] gf/Lsf] ;fx;, ;Ifdtf /
of]ubfgnfO{ /lQe/ klg ;/fxgf
u/]sf] kfOb}g . b'O{ rf/ gf/Ln] pRr
kb xfl;n ub{}df ;Dk"0f{ gf/Lsf]
kl/j]znfO{ cf}Nofpg ;lsGg . s]xL
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sbfkL ldNb}g . cem klg xfd|f]
;dfhdf gf/Lsf] cj:yf bogLo 5 .
xfd|f] ;dfh gf/L lx+;fn] u|l;t 5 .
gf/Ln] kfpg] clwsf/ / ;Ddfgdf
cem klg sdL sdhf]/Lx¿ 5g\ .
dlxnf cf/If0f lbFb}df gf/LnfO{
d" n k| j fxdf ;dfj] z Ls/0f ug{
;lsGg . s] x LnfO{ ;lsPnf t/
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cf/If0f xf]Og, cj;/ rflxG5 . dlxnf
k'¿ifeGbf sd Ifdtfjfg x'Fb}gg\ .
dlxnfnfO{ cf/If0fdf dfq ;Lldt ug'{
eg]sf] dlxnfleqsf] IfdtfnfO{ phfu/
gug'{ xf] . dlxnfO{ cf/If0fsf] ;f6f]
cfTdlge{ / agfpg] l t/ vfnsf
w]/} u'gf;f] M dgf]/f]usf] ;+s]t Û
sf7df8f}F . sf]xL JolQm o:tf
x'G5g\, h;nfO{{ x/]s s'/fdf u'gf;f]
ug{k' 5{ . pgLx? s'gk} lg s'/fn] k"0f{
;Gt'i6 jf v';L x'bF g} g\ . x/]s s'/fdf
s]xL g s]xL vf]6 b]V5g\ . cS;/ xfdL
cfˆgf] u'gf;f] c?nfO{{ JoQm ul//x]sf
x'G5f}+ . u'gf;f] JoQm ug]{ cg]s tl/sf
5g\ . h:tf] /f]P/, 7'l:sP/, emu8f
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k|jl[ Q cfkm}df /fd|f] xf]Og . xfdL hlt
hlt u'gf;f] u5f},{ Tof] k|jl[ Qsf] ?kdf
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x'G5 eg] u'gf;f] ul/xfNg] . h] s'/fdf
klg lrQ ga'emfpg] . u'gf;f] hlt
ul/G5, plQ a9\b} hfG5 . xfdL u'gf;f]
u/]/ dgsf] ljsf/ kvfNg vf]H5f} .
t/, hlt–hlt u'gf;f] ub}{ hfG5f}, of]
yk a9\b} hfG5 . lsgeg] u'gf;f] ug{'
g} v/fa k|jl[ Qsf] ljsf; ug{' xf] .
jf:tjdf u'gf;f] s'g} ;dfwfg klg
xf]Og . ha tkfO{+ s'g} s'/fdf u'gf;f]
ug{x' G' 5, To;n] tkfO{s + f] ;d:of xn
x'bF g} . a? o;sf] ;fO8Okm]S6 5 .
Tof] s] xf] eg], u'gf;f] ug]{ afgLn]
tkfO{+sf] JolQmTjdf c;/ u5{ .
tkfO{ + s f] JolQmTj g} sdhf] /
agfOlbG5 . x'g;S5 sltko s'/fdf
tkfO{n + fO{{ lrQ a'‰b}g . sltko s'/f
s'/f tkfO{+nfO{{ l7s nfUb}g . t/,
To;sf] k|ltlqmof hgfpg] c? tl/sf
klg 5g\ . tkfO{n + ] u'gf;f] ug{k' 5{ eGg]
5}g . h:tf] ls, sfo{nodf tkfO{d+ fly
cGofo eO/x] s f] 5 . tkfO{ + s f]
sfo{ynf]df tkfO{+dfly efjgfTds
v]naf8 eO/x]sf] 5 . e]befj eO/x]sf]
5 . oL s'/fnfO{{ ;xg'k5{ eGg] xf]Og .
oL s' / f la?4 tkfO{ + n ] cfjfh
p7fpg'k5{ . h'Wg'k5{ . ;xL / tfls{s
ljwLx? ckgfpg'k5{ . t/, u'gf;f]
ub}d { f tkfO{d + fly ePsf b"Jo{jxf/,
e]befj lgld6\ofGg x'bF g} .
sltko s'/fdf tkfO{n + ] Psf]xf]/f]
u'gf;f] ul//xFbf tkfO{k+ l| t c?n] x]g{]
b[li6sf]0f g} v/fa x'g;S5 . pgLx?n]
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dfgl;stfsf] JolQm x'gx' G' 5 . s'g}
s'/fn] tkfO{+ ;Gt'i6 /xg'xG' g . /, u'gf;f]
of]hgfx¿ Nofpg'k5{ .
3/sf] sfdsf] af]em, aRrfsf]
kfngkf]if0fsf] lhDd]jf/L, 3/fo;L
;d:of cflb OTofbLsf] af]em x'Fbfx'Fb}
klg gf/Ln] EofP;Dd cu|tf xfl;n
ug{] sf]lz;df nflu /x]s} l5g\ . t/
klg p;}nfO{ kfvf nufpg] k|jl[ Q a9\bf]
5 . olb o:tf] gePsf] eP k6s k6s
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x'g]ul/ s'6lk6 ug'{ / c:ktfndf
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s+rg d08nnfO{ lhpFb} hnfP/ dfg'{
o:tf gf/L lx+;fsf tfhf 36gfx¿
pbfx/0fx¿ 5g\ . cem lgd{nf kGtsf]
anfTsf/ kl5 xTofn] t emg\ ddf{lxt
t'NofPsf] 5 . oL ;a} gsf/fTds
;f]r / ¿9Ljf9L k/Dk/fsf pkhx¿
5g\ . a] t naL gf} s /sf] ¿kdf
gf/LnfO{ lng] k|of; ul/Psf] 5 .
lbgel/ sfd ug{] t/ vfgf vfg] a]nfdf
;a}eGbf kl5 vfg'kg{] /], slxn];Dd
gf/LnfO{ lyr]/ /fVg] xf] of] ;dfh <
gf/LnfO{ t'R5 7fGg] /f]uL ;dfhnfO{
h/}b]lv pvfn]/ kmfNg'kb{5 .
t/fO{ dw]zdf vf;u/L lbgx'F
dlxnf lx+;fsf 36gfx¿ aflx/ cfpg]
u/]sf 5g\ . t/fO{ dw]zdf bfOhf]
k|d'v sf/ssf] ¿kdf b]lvPsf] 5
eg] kxf8df klg ljleGg lsl;dsf
dlxnf k|tf8gfx¿ x'G5g\ . dw]zdf
dlxnf lx+;fsf] k|d'v sf/0f bfOhf]
k|yfnfO{ dfGg ;lsG5 . t/fO{lt/ of]
;d:of a9L b]Vg kfOG5 . 5f]/LnfO{
ug{' tkfO{s + f] afgL xf] . u'gf;f] ul//xFbf
jf:tjd} Tof] afgLdf ?kfGt/0f x'G5 .
cyf{t xfd|f] afgL jf k|jl[ Q g} u'gf;f]
ug]{ x'G5 . ctM o; lsl;dsf] k|jl[ Qn]
xfdLnfO{{ ;d:ofdf kfg{ ;S5 .
lj1sf] egfO{ 5, …h'g s'/f xfdLn]
rfx] h:tf] jf xfdLn] ck]Iff u/]h:tf]
x'bF g} , To;k|lt u'gf;f] ug{' xfd|f] k|fs[lts
k|ltlqmof xf] . olb o; lsl;dsf]
k|ltlqmof tTsfn hgfOof] / To;nfO{{
dgdf /flvPg eg] l7s} x'G5 . cyf{t
g/fd|f] x'bF g} . o;n] tkfO{s + f] dgdf s'g}
lsl;dsf] u'gf;f] afFsL /xFbg} .Ú oBkL
u'gf;f] ug]{ afgLsf] ljsf; ePdf o:tf
s'/fx? dgd} /lx/xG5 . ha dgdf
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xf] . dgf]ljsf/n] :jf:Yodf klg c;/
kf5{ .
xfdL lsg u' g f;f] u5f} { <
;fdfGot u'gf;f] ug{' xfd|f] tgfj
Joj:yfkg ug]{ Pstl/sf x'g;S5 .
xfdL cfk"mnfO{{ lrQ ga'em]sf] s'/fdf
u'gf;f] u5f}{ . u'gf;f] ug{s ' f] leqL Wo]o
of] klg x'G5 ls c?sf] ;fxg'el" t
kfOof];\ . u'gf;f] ul//xFbf xfdL cfkm'nfO{{
kLl8t dx;'; ul//x]sf x'G5f} . vf;df
u'gf;f] ug{' eg]sf] ;]Nkm l8km]G; cyf{t
cfTd/Iffsf] sdhf]/ tl/sf klg xf] .
xfdLdWo] w]/n } ] of] s'/f :jLsf/ ug}{
;Sb}gf} ls, xfdLaf6 klg s]xL uNtL
ePsf] 5 . xfdLn] klg s]xL sdhf]/L
u/]sf 5f} . u'gf;f] u/]/ xfdLn] cfˆgf]
uNtL cl:jsf/ ug]{ /fd|f] afxfgf
kfpF5f}+ . u'gf;f] ul//xFbf Tof] xfd|f] k|jl[ Q
aG5 . afgL aG5 . ctM h'g;'s} s'/fdf
klg xfdL c;Gt'i6 /xG5f} . u'gf;f]
u5f}{ . o;n] xfd|f] dfgl;stf ljs[t
x'G5, :jf:Yo v/fa x'G5 . To;afx]s
xfd|f] ;fdflhs k|lti7fdf klg o;n]
cfFr k'¥ofpF5 . u'gf;f] ug]{ afgLn]
s;};uF sf] ;DaGwdf kmf6f] NofpF5 .
u'gf;f] ug]{ k|jl[ Q ljsf; x'bF } uPdf
JolQmn] cfTdljZjf; klg u'dfpF5 .
s'gk} lg s'/fdf t'?Gt} k|ltlqmof hgfpg
;Sb}g . cfkm'nfO{{ lrQ ga'em]sf] s'/fdf
cfjfh p7fpg ;Sb}g . o;n] pgLx?nfO{{
lrGtf, tgfj jf l8k|;] gdf k'¥ofpF5 .
u'gf;f] ug]{ afgLn] dfG5]nfO{{ tgfju|:t
lax] ubf{ bfOhf] lbg'kg{] cj:yf 5 .
h;n] ubf{ 5f]/LnfO{ /fd|/L k9fpg
klg ufx|f] 5 . cem 5f]/LnfO{ a9L
k9fPdf al9 bfOhf] lbg'kg{] cj:yfsf]
;[hgf ePsf] 5 . a¿ sd k9fPdf
sd bfOhf] lbg'k5{ eGg] dfgl;stf
b]vfk/]sf] 5 . o;n] ubf{ dlxnf
lzIffdf x|f; cfPsf] kfOG5 . olt
dfq sxfF xf] / bfOhf] ltl/;s]kl5
klg 5f]/LnfO{ ;'v 5}g . pN6} p;nfO{
dfgl;s tgfjsf] ;fdgf ug'k{ b{5 .
o;}u/L, kxf8 tyf lxdfndf klg
lbgx'Fh;f] dlxnf lx+;fsf 36gfx¿
x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . Totflt/sf 36gfx¿
Tolt ;fj{hlgs x'Fb}g . kxf8df
;aeGbf a9L k|tfl8t 5g\ dlxnfx¿
5fp k|yfaf6 . 5fpuf]7df a:bf
sltko dlxnfx¿n] csfnd} Hofg;d]t
u'dfpg] u/]sf] 36gfx¿ klg aflx/
cfPs} 5g\ . To:t}, anfTsf/sf
36gfx¿ klg w]/} x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . To:tf
;fdflhs ck/fwLx¿nfO{ s8feGbf
s8f ;hfo lbg' kb{5 .
dlxnf lx+ ; flj¿4 g] k fnsf]
;+ljwfgdf klg s8f sfg'gx¿ 5g\ .
t/ s] tL sfg'g cfO;Sbf klg dlxnf
lx+;f Go"gLs/0f ePsf] 5 t < lsg
;+j}wflgs clwsf/ dlxnfn] pkof]u
ug{ ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ < af]S;Lsf] gfddf
dlxnfdfly lx+;f ug]{nfO{ sfg'gL
sf/afxL x'g] elgPsf] 5 t/ lsg
eO/x]sf] 5}g <
of] PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLdf dlxnf /
k'¿if, 5f]/f / 5f]/LaLrsf] e]befj
clxn] klg ;dfKt x'g ;ls/x]sf]
5}g . Gff/L k'¿ifeGbf klg a9L ;Ifd
x'lG5g\ eGg] s'/f lj1fgn] klg ;fljt
u/]sf] cj:yfdf gf/LnfO{ t'R5 7fGg]
agfpF5 . gsf/fTds efjgf a9\b}
hfG5 . lg/f;fjfbL ;f]r + ljsf; x'G5 .
:6\ofG8kmf]8{ o'lgel;{6Ln] ;g\ @)!^
df u/]sf] cWoog cg';f/ u'gf;f] ug]{
afgLn] xfd|f] dl:tissf] Pp6f lx:;fdf
g/fd|f] c;/ k'¥ofpF5, h'g :d/0f;Fu
hf]l8Psf] 5 . dl:tis / z/L/
ef/tsf] tLj| bafakl5 ljiffbL hf“r lg0f{o lkmtf{
sf7df8f}F . ef/tsf] rsf]{ bafa
y]Ug g;s]/ ;/sf/n] cfoft x'g]
t/sf/Lsf] eG;f/ ljGb'df eO/x]sf]
ljiffbL k/LIf0f sfo{ tTsfnsf nflu
:ylut u/]sf] 5 . pBf]u, afl0fHo
tyf cfk"lt{ dGqfnosf] k|:tfjdf
;/sf/n] /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt
u/L ef/t;lxt t] > f] d' n ' s af6
cfoft x'g] tfhf t/sf/L / kmnk"mnsf]
eG;f/ ljGb' d } Sjf/] G 6fOg /
hLjgfzs ljiffbLsf] cjz]if k/LIf0f
clgjfo{ ?kdf ug{k' g]{ Joj:yf u/]sf]
lyof] . c;f/ # ut]bl] v sfof{Gjogdf
cfPsf] of] gLlt !& cf}+ lbgdf pBf]u,
afl0fHo tyf cfk"lt{ dGqfnos}
k|:tfjdf dlGqkl/ifbsf] a}7sn] lkmtf{
lng] lg0f{o u/]sf] xf] . eG;f/ ljGb'df
ef/taf6 cfoft x'g] t/sf/L tyf
kmnk"mnsf] s8fO{sf ;fy k/LIf0f x'g
yfn]kl5 kl5Nnf] ;dodf ef/t
;/sf/n] rsf]{ ?kdf of] Joj:yfsf]
lj/f]w hgfpFb} lkmtf{ lng bafa lbFb}
cfPsf] lyof] . ef/tLo b"tfaf; /
ef/tLo lgof{tstf{ Jofkf/Lx?sf]
ljleGg 6f]nL s[lif tyf kz'kI+ fL ljsf;
dGqfno, cy{ dGqfno tyf pBf]u,
afl0fHo tyf cfk"lt{ dGqfnod} k'u]/
of] Joj:yf :yuLt ug{ bafa lbPsf
lyP . pBf]u, afl0fHo tyf cfk"lt{
dGqfnosf Ps ;x;lrjsf cg';f/
pBf]u, afl0fHo tyf cfk"lt{ dGqfnon]
cfGtl/s tof/L u/L laxLaf/sf]
dlGqkl/ifb\sf] a}7sdf k/LIf0f sfo{
tTsfn :ylut ug]{ ljifodf k|:tfj
nu]sf] lyof] .
…rsf] { bafa y] U g g;s] k l5
afl0fHodGqL dft[ s f ofban]
dlGqkl/ifb\ a}7sdf k|:tfj nUg' ePsf]
lyof],Ú gfd pNn]v gug]{ zt{df tL
hf] sf]xLnfO{ klg dfkm ug{ ;lsGg .
d :jo+ gf/L ePsf] gftfn] gf/Lsf]
kL8fsf] af/]df af/Daf/ ;fdflhs
;+hfnaf6 yfxf kfpFbf ;xg ufx|f] dx;'z
ePsf] 5 . g]kfndf ;fdflhs ;~hfnsf]
ljsf; eP;Fu} o:tf 36gfx¿ aflx/
a9L cfpg] u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
gf/Ldfly ePsf] cTofrf/, lx+;f,
zf]if0f cflbsf] lj¿4df xfdL ;Dk"0f{
gf/L Psh'6 eP/ cfjfh p7fpg]
a]nf cfPsf] 5 . 3/ 3/df o:tf
gf/L lx+;fsf 36gfx¿ 3l6/x]sf 5g\ .
cfh c¿;Fu 36]sf] 5 eg] ef]nL
xfdL;+u klg 36\g ;S5 . To;sf/0f
To:tf ;fdflhs ck/fwLx¿nfO{
a]nd} f va/bf/ ug'k{ b{5 . :jo+ gf/Ln]
klxn] To:sf] k|ltsf/ ug{} kb{5 .
gf/L ;xgzLntfsf] cem k/LIff
gn]p eg]/ ;a}nfO{ xf]l;of/ ug{'
kb{5 . t;y{, ;dod} gf/L lx+;fsf]
cGTo ug'{kb{5 gq eg] xfd|f] ;dfh
ljs[tLsf] af6f]df k'uL /f]uL x'g]5 .
;DalGwt kIfx¿, h;n] gf/L lx+;fsf]
/f]syfddf cfˆgf] of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf
5g\ . ltgLx¿sf] klg plts} vfFrf]
5 . xfd|f] ;/sf/n] klg s8feGbf
s8f sfg'gsf] Joj:yf u/L gf/L
lx+;fsf 36gfx¿nfO{ /f]Sg] k|of;
ug'{kg{] b]lvG5 . x'g t ;/sf/n]
dlxnf lx+;fsf lj¿4 sfg'gx¿
gNofPsf] xf]Og, t/ tL sfg'gx¿
;zQm¿kdf sfof{Gjog ePsf] 5}g .
sfg'g h:tf];s ' } cfPklg sfof{Gjog
geP;Dd To;sf] s'g} dxTj x'Fb}g .
t;y{ , gf/Lsf] ljleGg ¿kx¿
x'G5g\ . ;Ddfg ug]{ afgL a;fnf}+ . -
n]lvsf dlxnf clwsf/sdL{ x'g\_ -
dw]z bk{0f lkmr/ ;]jf_
cfk;df hf]l8Psf] x'G5, z/L/n]
tgfjnfO{{ Psxb;Dd ;xg ;S5 . t/,
clt ePdf To;n] z/L/df kL8f lbG5 .
o;n] xfd| f ] v' ; L / pT;fxnfO{ {
dfl/lbG5 . o;y{ u'gf;f] ug]{ afgLn]
cGttM cfkm}nfO{{ gi6 u5{ . u'gf;f]
s'g} ;dfwfg xf]Og .
;x;lrjn] eg], …k|:tfjsf] ljifodf
5nkmnkZrft\ dlGqkl/ifb\sf] a}7sn]
k/LIf0f ug]{ Joj:yf lkmtf{ lng] lg0f{o
u/]sf] lyof] .Ú pgsf cg';f/ o;sf
;fy} cfufdL ^ dlxgfsf nflu t/sf/L,
kmnk"mn / dfgj :jf:YonfO{ xfgL
k'¥ofpg] Soflkmgo'Qm zlQma4{s k]o
kbfy{ …OghL{ l8«S+ ;Ú / …ˆn]j/ l;Gy]l6s
l8«S+ ;–h';Ú sf] cfoftdf nufOPsf]
k|ltaGw klg km's'jf ug]{ lg0f{o
;/sf/n] u/]sf] 5 . s[lif tyf kz'kI+ fL
ljsf;dGqL rqmkf0fL vgfnn] klg
;/sf/n] k/LIf0f sfo{ lkmtf{ lnOPsf]
ljifonfO{ k'li6 u/]sf 5g\ . z'qmaf/
s[lif, ;xsf/L tyf k|fs[lts ;|ft]
;ldltsf] a}7snfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{
s[lifdGqL rqmkf0fL vgfnn] eg],
…afl0fHo dGqfnon] nfOg ldlgi6«L;Fu
5nkmn g} gu/L Psnf}6L ?kdf ljiffbL
k/LIf0f ug]{ lg0f{o lkmtf{ lng] ljifodf
dlGqkl/ifbsf] a}7sdf k|:tfj nu] .
pQm lg0f{o dlGqkl/ifb\sf] a}7sn]
:jLs[t u/]sf] 5 .Ú ;/sf/n] kl5Nnf]
;dodf cfoft x'g] t/sf/Lsf] ljiffbL
k/LIf0f / h';dflysf] k|ltaGw g]kfnL
pkef]Qmf / ls;fgsf] kIfdf lgSs}
dxTjk"0f{ dflgP klg bafadf lkmtf{
ul/Psf] 5 . sflndf6L ahf/df cfpg]
t/sf/L tyf kmnk"mn $) k|ltzt
ef/taf6} cfpF5 . afFsL ^) k|ltzt
ahf/ :yfgLo pTkfbgn] cf]u6]sf] 5 .
eG;f/ ljefusf cg';f/ rfn' cfly{s
jif{sf] !! dlxgfdf @^ ca{ $^ sf]8
&% nfv ¿k}ofF a/fa/sf] t/sf/L /
!& ca{ # s/f]8 (^ nfvsf] kmnk"mn
cfoft ePsf] 5 eg] g]kfnaf6 oxL
cjlwdf ! ca{ @@ s/f]8 (( nfv
a/fa/sf] dfq t/sf/L tyf kmnk"mn
lgof{t ePsf] /]s8{ 5 .
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn v'nf ljZjljBfno Joj:yfkg tyf sfg'g ;+sfo 8Lgsf]
sfof{no dfgejg nlntk'/n] Joa:yfkg / sfg'g ;+sfosf:gfts tyf
:gftsf]Q/txsf ljleGg ;+sfodf egf{ v'nfPsf] 5 . c? ljZjljBfnodf
sfg'g ;+sfodf egf{ x'g gkfO/x]sf a]nf ljBfyL{sf nflu of] 7"nf] /fxt x'g]
5 . egf{sf nflu cfj]bg lbg] clGtd ldlt c;f/ @& ut];Dd tf]lsPsf]
5 . ;/sf/n] @)&@ df g]kfn v'nf ljZjljBfno P]g hf/L u/]/ ljZjljBfno
:yfkgfsf] af6f] vf]n]sf] lyof] .
Pgcf]oc
" Gtu{t ;fdflhs tyf lzIffzf:q, Joj:yfkg / sfg'g, lj1fg,
:jf:Yo / k|ljlw u/L tLg ;+sfo 5g\ . oL ;+sfocGtu{t !% j6f sfo{qmd
;~rfng ul/Psf] 5 . Psjif]{ sf];{cGtu{t l8Knf]df Og nfOa|]/L OGkmd]{;g
Dofg]hd]G6 / kLhL8L Og O{–nlg{ª 5g\ . ;fdflhs ;+sfodf 8]9jif]{
PdlkmncGtu{t cy{zf:q, /fhgLltzf:q / ;dfhzf:q 5g\ . lzIffzf:q
;+sfocGtu{t Pdlkmndf g]kfnL, c+u|]hL, ul0ft, lzIff, :jf:Yo / ;dfh
lj1fg 5g\ . b'Oj{ if]{ sf];d
{ f df:6;{ Og O{–ueg]G{ ; k9fO ePsf] 5 eg] 8]9jif]{
Pdlkmn Og cfO{;L6L k9fOG5 . ^ dlxgfsf] Ps ;]d]:6/ x'G5 . Psjif]{ sf];{
k9\gn] ] sDtLdf #) qm]l86 cfj/sf] b'O{ ;]d:] 6/ k9]/ k/LIff lbg'k5{ . b'Oj{ if]{
sf];{n] ^# qm]l86 cfj/ / Pdlkmn cfO{;L6Lsf] #( qm]l86 cfj/ 5 .
ljZjljBfnon] nlntk'/sf] kf6g SofDk;, s}nfnL ax'dv ' L SofDk; wgu9L,
sf]xnk'/sf] afu]Zj/L SofDk;, kf]v/fsf] hglk|o SofDk; / O6x/Lsf] hgtf
SofDk;df ;Dks{ tyf k/LIff s]Gb| tf]s]sf] 5 . pks'nklt zdf{sf cg';f/
sIff !@ kf; u/]/ a;]sf ljBfyL{n] qm]l86sf cfwf/df # dlxg] / ^ dlxg]
sf];{ k9\g kfpF5g\ . sf];c { g';f/ Go"gtd !% xhf/b]lv clwstd ! nfv &)
xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd z'Ns tf]lsPsf] 5 .
OlkP; kf; u/]sf cfwf dfq sf]l/of hfg kfpg
kfpg]
sf7df8f}F . j}b]lzs /f]huf/Lsf] nflu blIf0f sf]l/of hfg o;kfln efiff
k/LIffdf kf; x'gd ] Wo] cfwfdfq hfg kfpg] ePsf 5g\ . of] jif{ k/LIffdf kf;
ePsf !@ xhf/ ( hgfdWo] blIf0f sf]l/ofn] ^ xhf/ & ;o dfq sfdbf/ n}hfg]
atfOPsf] 5 . of] jif{ blIf0f sf]l/ofn] pTkfbgd"ns If]qdf $ xhf/ & ;o /
s[lif d"ns If]qdf @ xhf/ sfdbf/ n}hfg] ToxfFsf] dfgj ;+zfwg s]Gb|n]
hfgsf/L lbPsf] OlkP; zfvfsf ;"rgf clwsf/L zf]efs/ e08f/Ln] atfP .
ebf} $ b]lv !* ut];Dd ;Lk k/LIf0f blIf0f sf]l/of hfg kfpg]–gkfpg] lglZrt
ug]{ e08f/Ln] hfgsf/L lbP . ;Lk k/LIf0fsf] nflu c;f/ @) b]lv @( ut];Dd
/lh:6«;] g kmf/d el/;Sg' kg]{ OlkP; zfvfn] hgfPsf] 5 . kl5Nnf] ;do blIf0f
sf]l/ofn] ljb]zL sfdbf/sf] nflu efiff;Fu} ;Lkdf klg hf]8 lbFb} cfPsf] 5 .
ljleGg ;+u7gåf/f g]kfn k|fWofks
;+3sf] dxflwj]zg alxisf/
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn /fli6«o k|fWofks ;Ë7g, g]kfn k|ultzLn k|fWofks
;Ë7g, /fli6«o nf]stflGqs k|fWofks ;‹ / g]kfn /fli6«o k|fWofks ;Ë7gn]
g]kfn k|fWofks ;‹sf] !^ cf}+ dxflwj]zg alxisf/ u/]sf 5g\ . laxLaf/
sf7df8f}Fdf kqsf/ ;Dd]ng ub}{ pgLx?n] ;f] 3f]if0ff u/]sf x'g\ . ;+3sf]
jt{dfg kbflwsf/Ln] cfly{s clgoldttf u/]sf], ;a} ljZjljBfnonfO{
k|ltlglwTj gu/fPsf], klAns SofDk;sf] xsdf k|ltlglw gldn]sf] nufotsf
c;Gt'li6 /fVb} pgLx?n] dxflwj]zg alxisf/ u/]sf] hgfPsf x'g\ .
sfo{qmddf af]Nb} g]kfn k|ultzLn k|fWofks ;Ë7gsf cWoIf k|f=8f=
ofbjk|sfz nfld5fg]n] ;+3sf] dxflwj]zg cj}wflgs ePsf]n] cfk"mx?n] alxisf/
u/]sf] :ki6 kf/] . pgn] eg], …;+3 eg]sf] ;a}sf] ;fIff ;+:yf xf] . t/,
dxflwj]zgh:tf] ljifodf ;a}nfO{ ;xeflutf u/fpg ;Sg'ePg . To;}n] xfdLn]
ulDe/ c;Gt'li6 /fVb} alxisf/ ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf xf}+ .Ú
To:t}, g]kfn /fli6«o k|fWofks ;Ë7gsf ;x–;+of]hs k|f=8f=/d]zk|;fb
e§/fO{n] klAns SofDk;df ePsf] ;xdltnfO{ nTofpFb} cfˆgf JolQmx?nfO{
dfq} dxflwj]zg k|ltlglw agfO{ Psnf}6L u/]sf]df uDeL/ c;Gt'li6 hgfP .
g]kfn /fli6«o k|fWofks ;Ë7gsf cWoIf k|f=8f= hulbzrGb| e08f/Ln]
!! j6} ljZjljBfnoaf6 dxflwj]zgsf] nflu k|ltlglw x'gk' g]d{ f s[lif tyf jg
ljZjljBfno / dWoklZrd ljZjljBfnonfO{ k|ltlglwljxLg agfPsf]df cfklQ
hgfP . /fli6«o nf]stflGqs k|fWofks ;‹sf cWoIf 8f= pbo lszf]/ ltjf/Ln]
;+3n] Psnf}6L ?kdf clwj]zg ;DkGg u/] cfk"mx?n] To;sf] lj?4df csf]{
g]kfn k|fWofks ;+3 rnfpg] r]tfjgL lbP . cfk"mx?nfO{ hlxNo}klg ;+3n]
ckx]ngf / lje]b u/]sf] klg pxfFn] u'gf;f] kf]v] . pgn] eg], …;+3n]
ljZjljBfnodf r'gfj ubf{ xfdLnfO{ slxNo}klg yfxf lbPg . ljlwjt ?kdf
clxn]sf] dxflwj]zgdf kfFr j6f ;+u7gn] efu lng'kg]{ xf] . t/, clxn] Pp6f
;+u7gn] dfq} efu lnPsf] 5 . of] cj}wflgs 5 .Ú
 @)&^ ;fn c;f/ @@ ut] cfOtaf/
s"6gLltsf lktf rf0fSosf] ;g;gLk"0f{ hLjgL
sf7df8f}F . cy{zf:qsf lktf,
gLlt zf:qsf kf/+ut Pj+ k"jL{o bz{g
Pj+ jfª\dosf Ps w'/Gw/ ljåfg
rf0fSosf] hGd Ozfk"j{ # ;o &! df
hlGdPsf rf0fSosf] lgwg eg] Ozfk"j{
@ ;o *@ df ePsf] lyof] . rf0fSon]
cfˆgf] hLjgsfndf d'b|f /fIf;,
a[xTsyfsf]z, jfo' k'/f0f, dT:o k'/f0f,
lji0f' k'/f0f af}4 u|Gy dxfefio, h}g
k'/f0f cflb s[ltx?sf] /rgf u/]sf
lyP . k"jL{o jfª\dosf] Oltxf;df
cfrfo{ rf0fSosf] gfd :jl0f{d cIf/df
n]lvPsf] 5 . rf0fSo Ps s'zn
/fhgLlt1 dfq} xf]O{gg, lzIfs,
wdf{rfo{ / s'zn cy{zf:qL klg lyP .
o:tf cfrfo{ rf0fSosf] hLjgL t
htftt} kfO{g] u/]sf] 5 . hLjgLsf]
ljifodf t w]/}n] w]/} s'/f ;'lg;s]sf]
x'g'k5{ . t/, pgsf] d[To' s;/L eof]
eGg] ;jfndf eg] st}klg pNn]v
ePsf] kfO{Fb}g . sfxLFst} pNn]v
ePklg o;df Psdt eg] /x]sf] 5}g .
pgn] jfNofj:yfdf g} sfd;"q eGg]
lstfj klg n]vs ] f lyP eGg] ljZjf;
5 . cfrfo{ rf0fSonfO{{ pgsf lktf
r0fsn] g} sf}l6No gfd /flvlbPsf
lyP . pgsf] clxn] st} rf0fSo,
sf}l6No, lji0f'uK' t nufotsf gfdaf6
xfdL pgnfO{{ lrGg ;Sb5f}+ . s;}n]
eG5g\ cfrfo{ rf0fSo cfˆgf] ;a}
sfd k"/f ul/;s]kl5 cfk"mv'zL
h+unlt/ uPsf lyP / h+undf
tk:of ug{ uPsf rf0fSo lkmtf{
ePgg\ . of] Psfy/Lsf] dt xf] eg]
csf]y{ /Ln] duwsL /fgL x]ng] fn] jLif
v'jfP/ pgnfO{{ df/]sf] eGg] s'/f klg
b'Kr]Zj/ dxfb]j M wfld{s ko{6sLo :yn
sf7df8f} F . b' K r] Z j/ dxfb] j
dlGb/ g'jfsf]6 lhNnf sf] /fpta];L
uflj;df cjl:yt wfld{s ko{6sLo
:yn xf] . ljz]ifu/L hf]8L h'/fpg /
;Gtfg dfUgs} nfuL o; :yfgdf
eQmhgx? b'Kr]Zj/ dxfb]j k'Ug]
ub{5g\ . ;b/d'sfd ljb'/b]lv k"j{df
/x]sf] /fptj]+zL uflj;sf] b'Kr]Zj/
dxfb]jsf] dlGb/df o:tf] cf:yf
af]s]/ hfg] eQmhgsf] cfsif{0fn]
kl5Nnf] ;dodf ;f+:s[lts tyf
wfld{s dxTjnfO{ phfu/ ;d]t
ul//x]sf] 5 .
x/] s jif{ s f] k' ; dlxgfdf
wfGok"l0f{dfsf cj;/df ;ftfJofkL
ljif]z d]nf, lzj/fqL, ;fpg dlxgf
tyf x/]s ;f]daf/ b'Kr]Zj/ dlGb/df
d]nf nfUg] ub{5 . oxfF d'VotM ;Gtfg
gx'g] bDkltx? ;Gtfg dfUg cfpg]
/ dxfb]jsf] elQmkl5 b}jL zlQmn]
;Gtfg k|fKt x'g] ljZjf; ul/G5 .
wfGok" l 0f{ d fb] l v Ps;ftf nfUg]
d]nfnfO{ k/Dk/fb]lv rNb} cfPsf]
d]nf g]kfns} ;Gbe{df eg] cln cgf]7f]
/ km/s 5 .
…h] dfUof] ToxL k"/f x'g]Ú wfld{s
ljZjf; /x]sf] o; dlGb/nfO{ lxGb" /
rrf{df NofPsf 5g\ . t/ o;sf] oyfy{
a'‰gsf] nflu eg] Oltxf;sf] kfgf
km]l/ Psk6s kN6fpg'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
rf0fSosf] d[To'af/] km/s–km/s dt
Pp6f rrf{ /fhf rGb|uK' tsf] lgwg
ePkl5 cfrfo{ ljlwsf cg';f/ /fhf
ljGb";f/n] ;xh} /fHo k|fKt ug{ ;kmn
ePsf lyP . pgL hGdg] ljlQs}
cfdfsf] lgwg ePsf]n] pgnfO{{ cfˆgL
cfdfsf] xTofsf] ljifodf s;n] / lsg
df/]sf] eGg] yfxf lyPg . ha pgL
/fhf eP To;kl5 pgsf dGqL ;'aGw'n]
rf0fSo lj¿4 s8f if8\oGq /Rg yfn] .
;'aGw' klxn]bl] v g} rf0fSosf v/f]
cfnf]rs tyf lj/f]wL lyP . pgn]
lj:tf/} lj:tf/} pgsf] dftfsf] xTof
cfrfo{ rf0fSon] u/]sf] cf/f]k nufP/
/fhf ljGb";f/nfO{{ sfg km'Sg yfn] .
jf} 4 wdf{ n DaLx?n] bf] ; | f ]
kz'kltgfysf] ?kdf k'sfb}{ cfPsf
5g\ . ljif]zu/L lgM;Gtfg bDkltsf]
OR5f k"/f ul/lbg] ePsf]n] d]nfdf
eL8 nfUg] u/]sf] b'Kr]Zj/ ;+/If0f
;ldltn] atfPsf] 5 . b'Kr]Zj/sf]
bz{g ugf{n] dgn] lrtfPsf] k'Ug],
k'q k|fKtL x'g,] nfdf] ;do;Dd gaf]Ng]
afnaRrf af]Ng] ljZjf;df oxfF
6f9f6f9fsf eQmhgx? efsn ug]{ /
efsn k'/f ePkl5 klg dxfb]jsf]
bz{gsf nflu oxfF cfpg] ub{5g\ .
5f]/f5f]/L gePsfsf] ;Gtfg,
ljjfx gePsfsf] ljjfxsf] nug
u/fOlbg k|fy{gf ug]{ u/]sf] / OR5f
k"/f klg ePsf] w]/} eQmhgx?sf]
cg'ej klg oxfF ;'Gg kfOG5 . b'ud
If]q ;d]t dflgg] o; wfld{s :yndf
/x] s f] b' K r] Z j/ dlGb/ ;ft;o
{ t]nsf] yf]kfyf]kf hf]ufcf}+
ld6/eGbf cUnf] r§fgsf] kx/f]df
cjl:yt 5 . dlGb/sf] km]bLdf /x]sf]
tfbL gbLaf6 agfOPsf] 3'dfp/f] l5F8L
x'Fb} kfn}kfnf] eQmhgx?n] k"hf /
bz{gsf nfuL pSng] u/]sf 5g\ .
b' K r] Z j/ dxfb] j sf] pTklQ
kf}/fl0fs sygcg';f/ rf/;o
jif{cl3 :yfgLo Ps tfdfªsf] b'x'gf]
o;/L ;'jGw'n] sfg km'Sg yfn]kl5
lj:tf/} /fhf ljGb" ; f/ /
rf0fSosf]aLrdf eg] b"/L a9\g yfNof] .
x'bF fx'bF } l:ytL o:tf] eof] ls rf0fSo
/fhsfh 5f8]/ h+unlt/ lxF8g\ g} afWo
eP . ha rf0fSo ;a} sfd 5f8]/
h+untkm{ nfu], kl5 Ps ef/bf/n]
/fhf ljGb" ; f/nfO{ { gofF sxfgL
atfO{lbPsf lyP ls rf0fSon] pgsL
cfdfnfO{{ df/]sf] eGg] sxfgL s] xf]
eg]/ . pgn] ;w}e+ /L rGb|uK' tsf] bfgfdf
rf0fSon] dGbdGb dfqfdf aLif xflnlbg]
u/]sf lyP . o;sf] dtna lyof] ls
c?n] if8\oGq u/]/ jLif v'jfPsf]
v08df klg rGb|uK' tnfO{{ s]xL gxf];\ .
ToxL l/tqmd rNb} hfFb} lyof] . o;
ljifodf g t /fhf rGb|uK' t hfgsf/
lyP g t pgsf] kl/jf/ g} .
ufO{ uf]7fnf]df x/fPkl5 vf]hL ub}{
hfFbf 5Ëf5'/sf] kx/f]df cfˆgf] rf/}
y'gaf6 b'w r9fO/x]sf] e]l6Pkl5 ;f]
7fpF d f b' K r] Z j/ dxfb] j /x] s f]
ljZjf;df k|Tos jif{ wfGok"l0f{dfsf
lbg ljif]z d]nf nfUb} cfPsf] 5 .
csf]t{ km{, ;d'Gb| dGygkl5 lgl:sPsf]
sfns'6 ljif ;]jgn] /GylgPsf dxfb]j
uf];fOs'08 hfFbf b'Kr]Zj/df cfPsf]
hg>'tL kfOG5 .
To;}n] ;f]xL :yfgdf b'w]Zj/
dxfb]j pTktL ePsf / kl5 cke|z
OGwg vr{ 36fcf}+
cGhfgs} e/df Pslbg
rGb|u'Ktsf] nflu agfPsf] vfgf
pgsL kTgLn] vfO{g\ / To;}sf] c;/n]
pgsf] Hofg uof] . pgL d[To' x'g]
a]nfdf ue{jtL lyO{g\ . pgsf] d[To'sf]
s'/f ;'Ggf;fy cfrfo{ rf0fSon]
tTsfn} uP/ rGb|u'KtsL kTgLsf]
k]6df /x]sf] aRrf lgsfn]sf lyP .
h;n] cfrfo{ k/Dk/f cg' ; f/
/fhsfh ug{ s f] nfluaf6f]
v'nfO{l{ bPsf] lyof] .
tL ef/bf/n] ljGb";f/nfO{{ rf0fSo
gePsf] eP ltdL /fhf aGg] g} lyPgf}+
eg]kl5 /fhf ljGb";f/ rf0fSonfO{{ lkmtf{
lbg uPsf lyP . t/, rf0fSon] lkmtf{
x'gF gdfgL h+undf g} cfTdxTof u/]sf]
sxfgL PsfkIfn] ;'gfpg] u/]sf] 5 .
ptf, csf]{ kIf eg] rf0fSonfO{{ lhpFb}
cfuf] nufO{Psf] lyof] eGg] ljifodf
ts{ u5{ . o; ljifodf sltko
rnlrq klg lgdf{0f eO;s]sf] 5 .
/fhf ljGb";f/sf dGqL ;'aGw'
cfrfo{ rf0fSonfO{{ b]lv;xFbg} lyP .
rf0fSosf] lgwgx'g'eGbf s]xL klxn]
pgL h;/L klg rf0fSonfO{{ l;Wofpg]
v]ndf nfu]sf lyP . ToxL if8\oGqsf]
qmddf Pslbg pgL a:g]u/]sf] sf]7fdf
cfuf] nufP/ rf0fSonfO{{ dfg{ ;kmn
ePsf] eg]/ klg l6Kk0fL x'g] u/]sf]
5 . h] hzf] ePklg ljZj k|Voft
cfrfo{ rf0fSosf] klg lgwg eg] ;'v
k"js { x'g ;s]g eGg ;lsg] cfwf/
eg] b' a u:} kIfsf] ts{ a f6 ug{
;lsG5 . s'g kIfsf] s'/f ;xL xf]
eGg] ;jfndf eg] cflwsfl/s cWoog
kl5 dfq} atfpg ;lsG5 .
eO{ b'Kr]Zj/ gfdfs/0f ePsf] csf]{
ls+jbGtL kfOG5 . b'Kr]Zj/ dxfb]jsf]
d]nf eg{ /fhwfgL sf7df08f},+ wflbª,
/;'jf, l;Gw'kfNrf]s, dsjfgk'/,
uf] / vf, lrtjg nufot b] z sf
ljleGg efux?af6 oxfF jif]g{ L xhf/f}F
bDktL eQmhgx? dxfb]j;Fu ;Gtfg
dfUg cfpg] u/]sf 5g\ . wfld{s
ko{6gsf] uGtJosf] ?kdf
ultnf] ;Defjgf af]ss ] f]
o; d]nfdf tfdfª, z]kf{
hfltsf k/Dk/fut
;+:s[ltsf] k|bz{g /f]rs
/ cgf}7f];uF x]g{ kfOG5 .
;/sf/L:t/af6 oxfF
s'g}klg ko{6sLo
dxTjsf] k| r f/k| ; f/
gePsf] n ] d] n fafx] s
cGo ;dodf oxfF
cfpg]sf] ;+Vof clt g}
Go" g /x] s f] b' K r] Z j/
d]nf ;+/If0f tyf
Joj:yfkg ;ldltn]
hgfPsf] 5 . b'Kr]Zj/
dxfb] j h:tf wfld{ s
Pjd\ P]ltxfl;s
;Dkbfsf] ;+ j 4{ g /
k|rf/k|;f/ u/L cfGtl/s
Pjd\ jfXo ko{6sx? leq\ofpg ;s]
g'jfsf]6sf] dfq geO{ /fli6«o cfly{s
;d' G gltdf dxTjk" 0 f{ b] g /xg]
a'l4lhjLx?sf] ljZjf; 5 .
g]kfn cfon lgud lnld6]8
kmf]g g+=+ $@^@(&), km\ofS; M $@^#$&!
5
ko{6sn] k"mn rf]/k] l5 ====
sf7df8f}F . ko{6sn] k"mn rf]/L u/]kl5 rLgsf] Osf] kfs{ aGb ul/Psf]
5 . sdnsf] k"mnsf] ;'Gb/tfn] kl/rt ;f] kfs{sf] hfnL tf]8]/ b}lgs
@))–#)) ko{6sn] k"mn rf]//] o;sf] ;'Gb/tfdf gf]S;fgL k'¥ofP kl5
jif{e/sf nflu aGb ul/Psf] atfOPsf] 5 . rLgsf] l;r'cfg k|fGtdf
ag]sf] Osf] kfs{ ^@ Ps8df km}lnPsf] 5 . oxfF d] dlxgf b]lv k"mn k"mNg
;'? u5{g\ / o;sf] ;'Gb/tfdf /dfpg b]z ljb]zaf6 ko{6s oxfF k'U5g\ .
of] kfs{ d'Vo ?kdf sdnsf] k"mnsf nflu k|Voft 5 .
kfs{sf :6fkm emf]psf cg';f/ kfs{sf] u]6 / ljleGg :yfgdf k"mn gtf]8g\
eGg] ;"rgf 6fFl;Psf] 5 . o;sf] ;'/Iffsf nflu uf8{ klg kl/rfng ul/Psf]
5 . oBlk cfk"mx¿n] ko{6snfO{ k"0f{ ¿kdf lgoGq0f ug{ g;Sg] pgn] atfP .
kfs{sf clwsf/x¿sf cg';f/ kfs{sf] k'glg{df{0fsf nflu dfr{df kfs{
aGb ul/Psf] lyof] . kfs{sf] k'glg{df{0f ;lsP klg ko{6ssf nflu kfs{
vf]lnPsf] 5}g . ko{6s ha/h:tL kfs{df l5/]/ k"mn rf]/]/ lnP/ hfg
yfn]sfn] kfs{ gvf]lnPsf] clwsf/L atfpF5g\ . klxnf ;'/Iffuf8{ a9fpg]
To;kl5 dfq} kfs{ vf]lng] clwsf/Lx¿n] atfPsf 5g\ .
k"mn tf]8b\ } u/]sf ko{6ssf] kmf]6f] / lel8of] clxn] ;fdflhs ;~hfndf
efO/n ePsf 5g\ . oxfF;DdsL dflg;x¿ kfs{sf] lsgf/df ag]sf] hfnLaf6
kfs{ leq l5g]{ sf]lz/ ul//x]sf b]lvG5 . ;fdflhs ;~hfn k|of]ustf{n]
o:tf JolQmnfO{ hl/jfgf ug{ ;'emfPsf 5g\ .
cgf}7f] 9'u+ f h;sf] leq df;' x'G5 Û
sf7df8f}F . 9'+uf lghL{j j:t' xf] / o;nfO{ km'6fpFbf 6'qmf 6'qmf x'G5 .
t/ Pp6f o:tf] 9'+uf e]l6Psf] 5 h;nfO{ km'6fpFbf /ut / df;'sf 6'qmf
lg:sG5g\ . lrnL / k]?sf ;d'b|df o:tf 9'+uf 6Gg} kfOG5g\ . 9'+ufnfO{ ;/{
x]bf{ ;fdfGo em}+ nfU5 . t/ o;af6 df;' lg:sG5 / ahf/df Tof] v'a}
laS5 . 9'u+ fnfO{ kfo'/f lrlnof+l;; gfdn] lrlgG5 . kTy/sf] df;'sf] cg]sf}+
kl/sf/ aG5 . t/ :yfgLox¿ o;nfO{ sfFr} vfg dg k/fpF5g\ . 9'+ufnfO{
kmf]g]{lalQs} /ut lg:sG5 .
o;nfO{ lkl/o8 /s klg elgG5 . vf;df of] 9'u+ f ;d'bL| hLj xf] . o;;Fu
ln+u kl/jt{g ug]{ Ifdtf 5 / o;n] aRrf klg hGdfpF5 . of] hLj 7\ofSs} 9'u+ f
h:t} b]lvG5 . dflyaf6 s8f b]lvg] of] 9'u+ f leqaf6 cToGt} g/d x'G5 .
dflg; of] 9'u+ fsf] vf]hLdf ;d'bt| ndf k'U5g\ / o;af6 lg:sg] df;' vfg dg
k/fpF5g\ . 9'u+ fsf] df;' lgsfNgsf nflu tLvf] rSs' cfjZos x'G5 .
cg'xf/ :Sofg u/]/ ;frf] jf em6' af]ns] f] kQf nfUg]
sf7df8f}F . ;fdfGo ;f]wk'5df ck/fwLn] ;frf] af]N5g\ jf af]Nb}gg\ ca
cg'xf/ x]/]/} kQf nfUg] ePsf] 5 . nG8gsf] :6f6{ck km];;ˆ6n]
…cfl6{lkml;on OG6]nLh]G; l;:6dÚ tof/ kf/]sf] 5 . h'g l;:6dn] ck/fwLsf]
cg'xf/ g} :Sofg u/]/ ;frf] jf em'6 af]ns
] f] kQf nufpg] 5 . o;sf] 6«fon
l5§} la6«]g / ef/tsf] d'DaO{ k|x/Ln] kl/If0f ug]{5 . PcfO{ l;:6ddf #)
s/f]8eGbf al9 cg'xf/sf efj zfldn u/]sf] 5 .
dflg;sf] lbdfudf s] rln/x]sf] 5 To;sf] k|ltlaDa cg'xf/df b]lvG5 .
dgf]j1} flgsx?n] ;g !(^) d} klxnf] k6s o:tf] tYo kQf nufPsf lyP .
pgLx?n] o;nfO{ cfTdxTof ug]{ sf]lz; u/]sf s]xL JolQmdf k/LIf0f u/]sf
lyP . olb s'g} JolQm ha/h:tL xf:of] eg] To;sf] efj cfFvfdf b]lvb}g .
of] Ps k|sf/sf] dfOqmf] P:k|];g xf] . ;f]xL cg'?k ck/fwLsf] cg'xf/df
b]lvg] efjnfO{ l;:6dn] /]s8{ ug]{5 .
tl:a/af6 dlxnfsf] j:q x6fpg ldNg] Pk aGb
sf7df8f}F . tl:a/af6 dlxnfx¿sf] j:q x6fP/ gSsnL tl:a/ agfpg
ldNg] bfaL ul/Psf] Pp6f PknfO{ To;sf lgdf{tfx¿n] aGb u/]sf 5g\ .
krf; cd]l/sL 8n/ d"No /flvPsf] 8LkGo"8 Pkdfly db/af]8{ gfdsf]
j]a;fO6df n]v 5flkPkl5 o;sf] cfnf]rgf ePsf] lyof] . l/e]Gh kf]g{
cyf{t\ k|ltzf]wsf] efjgfn] cGo JolQmsf] gUg tl:a/ jf lel8cf] j]a;fO6df
/fVg] sfo{lj?4 cleofg rnfPsfx¿n] ;f] PknfO{ vt/gfs eg]sf lyP .
lgdf{tfx¿n] ljG8f]h / nfOgS;df rNg] Pksf nflu ;+;f/ tof/
gePsf] eGb} j]a;fO6af6 o;nfO{ lgsfn]sf 5g\ . Ps hgf lgdf{tfn]
l6\j6/df n]v]sf 5g\– o;sf] b'?kof]usf] ;Defjgf w]/} a9L 5 . xfdL
o;/L k};f sdfpg rfxb}gf}F . ;f] Pk lsg]sfx¿n] k};f lkmtf{ kfpg] / ca
o;kZrft\ ;f] Pksf] s'g} gofF k|f¿k gagfpg] pgLx¿n] atfPsf 5g\ .
pgLx¿n] of] Pk ePsf dflg;x¿nfO{ Tof] z]o/ gug{ cg'/f]w u/]sf 5g\ .
lgdf{tf ;d"xn] ;f] Pk dgf]/~hgsf nflu s]xL dlxgf cufl8 agfPsf]
atfPsf lyP . To;sf nflu cf6{lkmzn OG6]lnhG; cyf{t\ oflGqs rft'o{
k|of]u ul/Psf] lyof] . ;f] ;ˆ6j]c/ j]a;fO6dfkm{t\ b'O{ eh{gdf pknAw
lyP . lgMz'Ns pknAw eh{gdf lgdf{0f ul/Psf] tl:a/dfly 7"nf] jf6/dfs{
x'GYof] eg] lslgPsf] eh{gdf Pp6f s'gfdf km]s' n]lvPsf] ;fgf] 5fk x'GYof] .
cfˆgf] lj1lKtdf lgdf{tfx¿n] eg]sf 5g\– ;fFRr} eGg'kbf{ To;sf] sfd
uHha lyPg / lglZrt k|sf/sf] tl:a/df dfq} sfd uYof{] . db/af]8{df
n]v 5flkPkl5 Pksf] j]a;fO6df cfpg] dflg;x¿sf] ;+Vof XjfQ} a9]sf]
lyof] . db/af]8{;Fu s'/f ub}{ l/e]Gh kf]g{lj?4sf] cleofg Aof8of;sf
;+:yfks Sof6lng afp8]gn] ;f] PknfO{ 8/nfUbf] eg]sL lyOg\ . ca
slxNo} gUg tl:a/ glvr]sf hf] sf]xL klg l/e]Gh kf]ga{ f6 kLl8t x'g;S5 .
o:tf] k|ljlw ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf pknAw x'gx' bF' g} .
 6 @)&^ ;fn c;f/ @@ ut] cfOtaf/

cf“ksf] cfZro{hgs kmfObfx?

sf7df8f}F . clxn] cfFksf] l;hg,
cfFk w]/s } f] /f]hfO{df kg]{ ub{5 . sfFrf]
/ kfs]sf] b'j} cfFk vfg ;lsG5 .
sfFrf] cfFk crf/, t/sf/L, ;'s'6L
agfP/ laqmL ul/G5 . kfs] s f]
cfFknfO{ h'; agfP/ klg vfg] rng
5 . cfFkdf k|z:t kf}li6s kbfy{ kfOg]
x' F b f ;Gt' n g ldnfP/ vfPdf
:jf:YonfO{ kmfObf klg k'U5 . cfFknfO{
kmnsf] /fhf elgG5 . zf:qdf o;nfO{
cd[t kmn elgPsf] 5 . cfFk sfFrf]
xf];\ jf kfs]sf], b'j}df cf}ifwLo u'0f
x'G5 . cfo'jb{] sf cg';f/, cfFksf kfFr}
c+u cyf{t\ af]qmf, h/f, kft, kmn,
k"mn ;a} sfddf cfpF5g\ . kfs]sf]
cfFk u'lnof], jLo{jw{s, kf}li6s,
jfo' g fzs, sflGtbfos, zLtn,
lkQgfzs x'G5 . cfFksf] ;]jgn] ef]s
klg a9\g] u5{ . o;n] d'6n ' fO{ alnof]
agfpg'sf] ;fy} lkQnfO{ lgoGq0fdf
Nofpg] sfd u5{ . cfFk skmjw{s
klg dflgG5 . cfFk rfp/L /f]Sg;d]t
k|efjsf/L dflgG5 .
cf"k vfbfsf] kmfObfx? M
!= SofG;/af6 arfp5 M cfFk
PlG6clS;8]G6o'Qm x'G5, h;n] :tg
SofG;/, k|f]:6]6 SofG;/ sf]nf]g
SofG;/ tyf No'sl] dofaf6 arfp5 .
@= b[li6zlQm a9fp5 M o;df x'g]
le6fldg P / /]l6gf]nn] cfFvfsf] zlQm
a9fp5 .
#= kmfOa/ / le6fldg l;sf]
e08f/ M cfFkdf x'g] kmfOa/ /
le6fldg l;sf] k| r " / dfqfn]
lnkf]k|f]l6gsf] sd pkl:yltnfO{
36fpg d2t u5{ , h;af6
sf]n]:6]/f]nsf] dfqf 36\5 .
$= z/L/df cNsfnfOgnfO{
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cNsfnfOgnfO{ ;Gt'lnt /fVg d2t
u5{, lsgeg] o;df dflns Pl;8,
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;fOl6«s Pl;8 x'G5 .
%= kfrg k|lqmof /fd|f] agfp5 M
d]jfn] h:t}, cfFkn] klg kfrg
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kmfOa/ pNn] V o dfqfdf x' G 5 .
kmfOa/n] lb;f /fd| f ] x' G 5 /
d]6faf]lns /]6nfO{ j[l4 u5{ .
^= 5fnfdf rds Nofp5 M cfFkn]
5fnfsf nflu lgs} /fd|f] u5{, 5fnfdf
ePsf sfnf wAaf tyf bfu x6fp5
/ k|fs[lts rds Nofp5 . cfFkdf
x'g] le6fldg P / a]6f Sof/f]l6gn]
5fnf k'glg{df{0f u5{ .
&= PlG6clS;8]G6o'Qm M cfFkdf
PlG6clS;8] G 6 x' g fn] sf] i fnfO{
k'ghLj{g lbg tyf k'glgdf{0f ug{ d2t
u5{ . o;n] 5fnfnfO{ leq} a f6
/f;folgs kbfy{ s f] c;/af6
hf]ufp5 .
*= k|hgg Ifdtfdf j[l4 u5{ M
cfFkF kmf]n6] / kmf]lns Pl;8o'Qm x'G5,
h;n] k|hgg Ifdtf a9fpg d2t
u5{ .
(= vlgho'Qm M cfFkdf sk/,
;]nl] god, lh+s tyf kf]6fl;od x'G5,
h'g dfgj :jf:Yosf nflu cfjZos
x' G 5 . o:tf vlghsf] cefjdf
dflg;df ljleGg :jf:Yo ;d:of
b]vfk5{g\ .
!)= of}g Ifdtf a9fp5 M cfFkdf
x'g] le6fldg O{n] dflg;df of}gIfdtf
a9fpg d2t u5{ . o;n] sf]n:] 6]/f]n
36fpg / dw'd]x /f]Sg d2t u5{ .
cfFkn] /utdf x'g] 3fts xf]df]l;:6fOg
txnfO{ lgoGq0f u/L Åbof3ft x'gaf6
arfp5 . xf]df]l;:6fOg /Qm gnLnfO{
cj?4 ug{ ;S5 / Åbof3ft x'g]
;Defjgf x'G5 .
!!= ANofsx]8 -sfnf /f}+_ sf]
pkrf/ M cfFkn] z/L/df c+udf ePsf
sfnf /f}+sf c+z x6fpg klg d2t
u5{ . o;sf nflu Ps rDrf cfFksf]
u'bL, cfwf rDrf b'w of dx ld;fP/
ld>0f tof/ kfg{'k5{ . o;nfO{ uf]nf]
tl/sfn] ;DalGwt 7fpF d f
nufpg'k5{ . o;n] d/]sf] 5fnf tyf
gpld|Psf /f}+ x6fO{ cg'xf/df rds
Nofp5 .
!@= /f]uk|lt/f]wL M cfFkdf @%
k|sf/sf Sof/f]6]gf]O8\; x'G5g\ /
ltgLx?df pRr dfqfdf le6fldg l;
x'g] x'gfn] z/L/nfO{ /f]u k|lt/f]wL
agfpg d2t u5{ .
!#= PlG6 Plhª kmfObf M o;n]
SofG;/ u/fpg ;Sg] w'nf]sf vt/gfs
s0faf6 5fnfnfO{ hf]ufp5 . o;df
ePsf le6fleg l;n] 808Lkmf]/ cfpg
lbb}g+ . o;nfO{ k|ToIf nufpg] xf] eg]
k|fs[lts df]:r/fOh/sf] sfd u5{ .
o:t}, o;nfO{ km];jf;sf] ¿kdf klg
k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . PsrDrf cfFksf]
u' b L / abfdsf] kfp8/df Ps
6]anrDrf b'w ld;fP/ k]i6 agfpg';\
/ cg'xf/df nufpg';\ . @) ldg]6kl5
wf] P kl5 o;n] cg' x f/df rds
Nofp5 .
!$= skfnsf nflu klg nfebfoL
M le6fldg / vlgho'Qm ePsfn] o;n]
skfnsf] j[l4nfO{ klg nfebfoL x'G5 .
o;n] slG8;g/sf] klg sfd u5{ .
o;df x'g] le6fldg Pn] rfFof x6fp5
/ skfndf rds Nofp5 .
cf}ifwf]krf/ M
slAhot / clws jfo' ePdf
cfFksf] sf]of cfuf]df kf]Ng] / To;
leqsf] u'bL lgsfNg] / To;df !–$
efu lxª / l;b] g " g ld;fP/
cf}ifwLnfO{ l;;Ldf /fVg] / cfjZostf
cg';f/ !–@ u|fd cf}ifwL dgtftf]
kfgL;Fu vfg] u/]df !–@ lbgd} 7Ls
x'G5 .
o:tf] /f]u nfu]df cf"k vfg' x'b" g}
!= PnhL{ M cfFk l56f] kfSg
SoflN;od sfjf{O8sf] k|of]u ul/G5 .
To;}n] PnhL{ ePsf dflg;x?n] cfFk
vfg' x'bF g} hf] dflg;x?nfO{ PnhL{sf]
;d:of 5 pgLx?n] cfFk vfg'x'Fb}g .
@= d' 6 ' s f] /f] u L M cfF k df
kf]6fl;zodsf] dfqf Hofbf x'G5 .
cfFk w]/} vfFbf z/L/df sf]n:] 6«fn
] a9\g]
u5{ . o;n] d'6'df ;d:of u5{ .
#= c:ydf M cfFkdf Pgfsfl8{s
Pl;8 x' g fn] cj:yfdf ePsf
la/fdLx?n] cfFk vfg' x'Fb}g . o;n]
;f; lng ;d:of k}bf u5{ .
$= bf"t M cfFkdf le6fldg–;L
x'G5 . o;sf] clws ;]jgn] le6fldg
;Lsf] dfqf a9\5 . h;sf sf/0f
bfFtdf gf]S;fg k'¥ofpg] sfd u5{ .
%= d'vsf] 5fnf hfg] ;d:of :
cfFkn] zl//df udL{ k}bf u5{ . o;sf
sf/0f cf]7df 5fnf hfg] ;d:of
b]lvG5 .
^= 8fola6Lh M 8fola6Lhsf]
;d:of ePsf JolQmx?n] cfFk vfg'
x'Fb}g . cfFk w]/} g} u'lnof] x'g] ePsf
sf/0f z/L/df ;'u/ n]en a9\5 .
&= k] 6 sf] ;d:of M cfF k df
kmfOj/sf] dfqf w]/} x'gfn] z/L/df
udL{ k}bf u5{ . To;}n] k]6sf] ;d:of
ePsf dflg;x?n] cfFk vfg' x'Fb}g .
*= df]6f]kg M cfFkdf ;'u/ /
Sofnf]/L w]/} x'gfn] df]6f] dflg;x?n]
klg cfFk vfg' x'Fb}g . o;sf sf/0f
emg\ tf}n a9\g] u5{ .
wGg ;/sf/ em'lSsg' x'Gg
x/]s ;fFem
– an/fd ltdlN;gf
;/sf/ cfˆg} 3/ k'Ug' x'G5
cfˆg} cf]5\ofgdf ;'Tg' x'G5
cfˆg} >LdtL;Fu dl:sg' x'G5
wGg ;/sf/ em'lSsg' x'Gg
em'lSsP klg s'/f r'x'b}g
/ cfh;Dd s'g} jjfn ePsf] 5}g .
s'g} ;fFem
dlb/fn] cw{–a]xf];L ePsf] avt
w]/} k6s em'lSsg' eof] ;/sf/
l5d]sLsf] 9f]sf 9s9sfpg' eof]
xf]6njfnLsf ufnf d';fg{' eof]
cfltYotf u/]s} cf]5\ofgdf
w]/} k6s ;' pDsfpg' eof]
slt k6s t ;/sf/
kvf{n r9\bf r9\b} v'd{'l/g' eof]
t/,
;/sf/sf] zlQmsf ;fd'
;f/f tYox¿ lg/Lx eP
;j} ;fIfLx¿ lghL{j eP
o;/L
;/sf/sf] huhuLsf] ;dodf
tL ;j} 36gf ;fd;'d eP
k6s–k6s em'lSsP/ klg
nf]sn] lha|f] lems]/ eG5–
wGg ;/sf/ em'lSsg' x'Gg Û
;ef;bsf] l6s6 afF8\bfsf] avt
of lgo'lQmsf] gfd 5fGbfsf] avt
Toqf] sfo{stf{sf] eL8df
;j}eGbf klxn]
cfˆg} >LdtL ;Demg' eof]
5f]/L–a'xf/L ;Demg' eof]
;fnf–;fnL ;Demg' eof]
efOelthf ;Demg' eof]

gªdf kl/jt{g uDeL/ /f]usf] ;+st]

sf7df8f}F . gªn] dfgj :jf:Yosf]
cj:yf s:tf] 5 eg] / O+ l ut
ug{;S5 . gªdf ;]tf] b]lvg', u'nfaL
/ªsf] b] l vg' jf cf} F n f jl/kl/
3fph:tf] b]lvg' :jf:Yodf s]xL
/f]usf nIf0f 5g\ eGg] hgfp xf] .
sn]hf], kmf]S;f] jf d'6s ' f] ;d:of ;d]t
gªaf6 klg yfxf kfpg ;lsG5 .
cfpg';\, gªn] atfpg] :jf:Yosf]
/x:oaf/] cfpg';\ hfgf}F .
km' ; | f ] gª
km';|f] gª s]xL uDeL/ /f]usf]
nIf0f x'g;S5 . km';f| ] gªn] Plgldof,
x6{ km]lno/, sn]hf] /f]u, s'kf]if0f cflb
/f]usf] ;+s]t u5{ .
;] t f] ] gª
olb gªsf] jl/kl/ uf9f ;]tf]
b]lvPdf sn]hf]sf] ;d:of ePsf] dfGg
;lsG5, h:t} x]kf6fOl6; .
kx]+nf] gª
kx]nf] gªsf] d'Vo sf/0f km+un
OGkm]S;g xf] . olb OGkm]S;g a9]sf]
v08df gª sfnf] x'g;S5 / df]6f]
eP/ gª efFlrg ;S5 . s]xL b'n{e
s];df kx]n F f] gªn] yfO/f]O8, kmf]S;f]sf]
;d:of, dw'd]x, 5fnfsf] ;d:of
;f]/f]l;; klg x'g;S5 .
lgnf] gª
lgnf] /ªn] b]lvg] gªn] z/L/df
clS;hgsf] sdL ePsf] eg] /
hgfpF5 . To:tf] /ªsf] gª b]lvPsf
kmf]S;f]sf] ;d:of h:t} Olkm;]df ePsf]
klg x'g;S5 . s]xL d''6'sf ;d:of
klg o; k|sf/sf gªn] atfpg
;S5g\ .
w;f{ b] l vg] gª
olb gªdf ;]tf] w;f{, s'lRrPsf]
h:tf] b] l vof] eg] ;f] / f] l ;;,
cf/yfOl6;sf nIf0fx? x'g ;S5g\ .
o:tf] cj:yfdf gªsf] /ª kl/jt{g
x'g], gªsf] jl/kl/sf] 5fnf xNsf
/ftf] / v}/f] b]lvG5 .
6' q m] s f tyf lrl/Psf gª
;' V vf clg 6' l qm/xg] gªn]
yfO/f]O8sf] nIf0f x'g] atfpF5 .
km+un OGkm]S;g eO{ gª kx]n F f] x'g]
clg 6'lqmg], lrl/g] x'G5 .
gª jl/kl/ ;' l Ggg'
gª jl/kl/ ;'lGgPsf] 5, /ftf]
b]lvG5 / b'vfO klg w]/} dx;'; x'G5
eg] To;n] klg s]xL ;d:of 5 eg]/
bzf{ p F 5 . o:tf] cj:yfn] s] x L
/f]u;Fu nl8/x]sf] cj:yf b]vfpF5 .
of]] n'k;sf] ;+s]t tyf tGt'x?df
s]xL u8a8 ePsf] cj:yf x'g;S5 .
Toqf] tgfj, Toqf] le8ef8
Toqf] bjfj, Toqf] eg;'g
k6s–k6s em'lSsg' kg]{ xf]
sfnf] /ªsf] wsf{ b] l vg'
gªdf sfnf] /ªsf] wsf{ b]lvPdf ;/sf/ g} eP/ dfq} xf]
o;n] uDeL/ /f]usf] ;+s]t ul//x]sf]
x'g;S5 . o:tf] x'g'sf] sf/0f t'?Gt wGg ;/sf/ em'lSsg'
kQf nufpg'k5{ . 5fnfsf] ;a}eGbf 6\ofs–6\ofs cfkmGt 5fGg' eof] .
8/nfUbf] SofG;/ …d]nfgf]dfÚ n] eP/
klg o:tf] ePsf] x'g;S5 .
gª 6f] l s/xg] afgL ;/sf/
gª 6f]Sg' ;fdfGo afgL dfq gx'g
;S5 . of] cA;] l ;e sDknl;e cfˆgf] p2]Zodf k|i6 x'g' x'G5
l8;c8{/ klg x'g;S5 . of] eg]sf]
Ps k|sf/sf] dfgl;s ;d:of xf],
sf] cfˆgf] sf] k/fO{ lrGg' x'G5
h;df dflg;nfO{ Pp6} sfd ul//xg s;nfO{ prfNg]
dg nfUg] x'G5 . olb tkfO{+ of] afgL
cfkm}+ 5f]8\g ;Sg'x'Gg eg] 8fS6/sf] s;nfO{ k5fg]{ a'‰g' x'G5
k/fdz{ lng';\ . s;nfO{ lgrf]g]{
ljleGgy/L tyf cj:yfsf gªn]
:jf:Yodf ljleGg ;d:ofsf] nIf0f s;nfO{ lryf]g]{ e]p kfpg' x'G5
b]vfpg] eP klg of] b'ne { ?kdf x'g hlt w]/} em'lSsP klg
;S5g\ . gªdf ;d:of b]lvg]lalQs}
xflgsf/s tyf 8/nfUbf] x'G5 eGg] cfˆgf] lxt x'g] s'/fdf
xf]Og . ;a} ;]tf gª x'bF d} f x]k6fOl6; ;/sf/ slxn} em'lSsg' x'Gg
g} nfu]sf] x'g;S5 eGg] xf]Og . olb
tkfO{+ cfˆgf] gªdf cfpg] kl/jt{gk|lt olt w]/} wk]8L 5
;hu x'g rfxg'x'G5 eg] lrlsT;s olt w]/} df/fdf/ 5
jf 5fnf/f]u ljz]if1;Fu ;Nnfx
lng'xf];\ . wGg ;/sf/ em'lSsg' x'Gg .
 @)&^ ;fn c;f/ @@ ut] cfOtaf/ 7

dlxnfn] ljz]if clwsf/sf] nflu n8\g cfjZos

dlxnf eg] / ;Daf] w g ubf{
sltnfO{ g/fd|f] nfU5, pgLx? gf/L
gfddf ;Daf]wg ug{ ?rfp5g\ .
pgLx? :qL eg]/ cfb/efjsf] ;fy
;Daf]wg u/]sf] 7fGb5g\ . sf]xL
gfdb{sf] gfddf ;Daf]wg ub{5g\ t
sf]xL cfOdfO{ eg]/ klg ;Daf]wg ug]{
ljgf]b bfxfn
l:ylt s:tf]
s7f]/ cj:yfdf
ub{5g\ . sf]xL cfOPglhcf]sf] k};f
;Sgsf] nflu ax; ub{5g\ t sf]xL
/fhgLlts :jfy{ k'/f ug{sf] nflu
ax;nfO{ pTsif{df k'¥ofpg] k|oTgdf
nflu/x]sf x'G5g\ . sf]xLn] ;/f]sf/sf]
laifo 7fg]/ ax; ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ t
s;}n] of] a];/f]sf/sf] ax; 7fGg]
kl5Nnf] cj:yfkl5 dfq xf] . ;+;f/e/
clxn] klg xfdL laleGg s'ky| fsf
cj:yf b]Vb5f}+ h'g dlxnflaz]ifnfO{
nlIft u/]/ rn]sf lyP . xfd|f]
;dfhdf af]S;L k|yf, 5f}kl8 k|yf,
b]psL tyf s'df/L k|yf, sGofbfg
k|yf, k}lqs ;DklQlaxLg x'g] rng,
cfly{s clwsf/ u'dfP/ bf;Tjsf]
cj:yfdf hLjg afFr]sf 5g\ . sf]xL
dlxnf blnt cj:yfsf] kL8f k'?if
eGbf a9L ;x]/ afFr]sf 5g\ eg]
If]qLo tyf hftLo cj:yfsf] kL8f
klg To;/L g} ef]lu/x]sf 5g\ .
sf]xL ;dfg g} 5g\ lg eGg] efjsf
ts{x? u5{g, sf]xL slxNo} x'g g;Sg]
ts{x? ug]{ ub{5g\ . Psfyl/n] rflx+
s] k'?ifx?aLrdf rflx+ ;dfgtf 5
/ eg]/ k|ltk|Zgx? ug]{ ub{5g\ .
o;}aLr xfdL ;a} rf;f] gePsf]
laifodf klg cfOPglhcf]sf] of]hgfdf
ax;df k'Ug] u/]sf klg 5f}+ . vf;df
s;l/ ;Dej x'G5 n}+lus ;dfgtf <
/ pkef]Qmfjfbn] dflg;nfO{ ufFh]sf]
5 . of] ;Gbe{ cfly{s clwsf/ u'ds ] f]
dlxnf ;d'bfo a9L k|efljt ePsf]
b]lvG5 . ;a} s'/f k'FhL / To;;Fu
hf]l8Psf] zlQm;Fu hf]l8P/ cfpFbf
dlxnf ;d'bfo a9L zf]lift, plTkl8t,
bldt, cGofo / bldt cj:yfdf
k'u]sf] b]lvG5 . ;dfhdf dlxnf
;d'bfo a9L lab|f]lx ag]sf] cj:yf
b]lvG5 . x/]s ju{;+3if{ / lab|f]xx?
dlxnfsf] d'lQm;Fu hf]l8P/ cfpFbf
pgLx? cu| df]rf{df pkl:yt ePsf]
b]Vg ;lsG5 . laz]ifu/L hgo'4df
of] ;d'bfo a9L cfzfjfbL ag]/
lqmofzLn ag] s f] cg' e ' u L x/] s
em}+ cj:yfdf afFRg] l:yltaf6 d'Qm
ug{ ;a} nfUg' h?/L 5 . clxn] klg
dlxnf ;d'bfon] ljz]if clwsf/sf]
nflu n8\g' cfjZos 5 . wd{sf]
hfnaf6 d'Qm x'g] / k'h F Lsf] k|efjaf6
d'Qm ge}sg sf]xL vf;df d'Qm ePsf
x'bF g} g\ eg]/ a'‰g' h?/L 5 . dlxnfsf]
sfd ;]jfsf] nflu eGg] dfGotf /
l:yltaf6 dlxnf d'Qm x'g' h?/L 5 .
d'VotM /fhgLlts g]t[Tjaf6
o;sf] kxn lng cfjZos x'G5 .
l:ylt s:tf] s7f]/ cj:yfdf 5 eg]
larf/sf] cfwf/df dflg;sf] ;DaGw
sfod ePsf] x'G5 . gftf / /Qm
;DaGw sdhf]/ x'Fb} u}/x]sf] 5 .

5 eg] larf/sf] of] laifodf 3f]lTnP/ ;f]Rg' h?/L 5 .

hgfj/x? aLrdf g s;}nfO{
laz]if clwsf/ 5 g c;dfgtf /
cfwf/df lje]b 5 . dflg; ;r]t k|0fL xf] hf]
cfˆgf cfjZostfsf ;a} ;jfnx?sf]
;dfwfg ug{;Sg] Ifdtf /fVb5g\ .
dflg;sf] ;DaGw n}+lus c;dfgtf klg clxn]sf]
;dfwfgsf] ;jfn xf] h'g ;lhn}
dflg;n] ;dfwfgsf] Odtf /fVb5 t/
sfod ePsf] ePsf] 5}g . lsg o:tf] 5 t < lsgls
;a} dflg;n] o;sf] ;dfwfg vf]hs
cg';Gwfgstf{n] atfPsf 5g\ .
dflg; ;Eo ;dfhlt/ nlDsgsf]
nflu dlxnfnfO{ laz]if k|fyldstfdf
larf/sf] cfwf/df >Ldfgsf]
larf/df lx+8\g dlxnf jfWo ePsf]
cj:yf 5 . >Ldfgn] kf6L{x? rxfbf{
/fv]/ ;fdflhs ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ug{'
cfjZos 5 . dlxnfsf] / tdfd
dlxnf klg ;f]xL cg';f/ kl5kl5
lx+8g\ jfWo ePsf kL8f klg cf]sNg]
d'lQmsfdL >dhLljsf] nflu ;dfh cj:yfdf k'us ] f 5g\ sf]xL dlxnfx? .
;j{xf/f juL{o b[li6sf]0fdf cfwfl/t
eP/ gofF ;+/rgfdf v8f ug{' h?/L
;r]t / ;+ul7t dlxnfx?n] o;df
ult lbg' cfjZos 5 . k'?ifn] klg
5 . ;dfg :jtGqtfsf] gf/fdf dlxnfO{ dlxnfsf] of] cj:yfnfO{ ;Ddfghgs
] f
em'SofP/ km]l/klg ;fFem kgf{;fy skm{' 9Ën] ;Daf]wg ug{' cfjZos 5 .

x'G5 . gftf / 5}gg\ . cem eGg] xf] eg] zf;s ju{n]

/Qm ;DaGw sdhf]/ x'bF } u}/x]sf] 5 .
larf/sf] cfwf/df >Ldfgsf] larf/df lx+8g\
dlxnf jfWo ePsf] cj:yf 5 . >Ldfgn]
kf6L{x? rxfbf{ dlxnf klg ;f]xL cg';f/
kl5kl5 lx+8g\ jfWo ePsf kL8f klg
cf]sNg] cj:yfdf k'us ] f 5g\ sf]xL
dlxnfx? . ;r]t / ;+ul7t dlxnfx?n]
o;df ult lbg' cfjZos 5 . k'?ifn] klg
dlxnfsf] of] cj:yfnfO{ ;Ddfghgs 9·n]
;Daf]wg ug{' cfjZos 5 .
ub{5g\ . cfwf cfsfz eg]/ ;f+sl] ts
efifdf ;Daf]wg u/]sf] klg xfdL e]6g
;S5f}+ . s}of}+ dlxnfx?n] cfˆgf] h'gL
lagf ;Daf]wg klg latfPsf 5g\ .
gfd s] lyof] eg]/ hfGg' kg]{ cj:yf
g} gcfOsg pgLx?sf] h'gL laTbf
klg ;dfh k|Zg p7fpFbg} Yof] . h]xf];\
clwsf/ vf]Hg] dlxnfx? dlxnf eg]/
g} ;Daf]wg ?rfpg] ub{5g\ . dlxnf
clxn] ;Daf]wg ug}{kg]{ cj:yfdf
5g\ . dlxnf–k' ? if ;dfgtfsf
ax;x? w]/} x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . sf]xL
gfl/jfbL x'F eGb} ax; u5{g\ t sf]xL
dlxnf clwsf/jfbL eP/ ax;
u/]sf 5g\ . sf]xLsf] s] ts{ cfpg]
u/]sf] 5 eg] juL{o d'2fnfO{ ax;sf]
s]Gb|df /fVg' kg]{df n}+lus, hftLo,
;f+:s[lts, If]qLo h:tf d'2fnfO{
ax;sf] s]Gb|df n}hfFbf ;a} k|of;x?
Joy{ x'g k'Ub5g\ . h]xf];\ n}+lus
d'2fnfO{ lnP/ ;Fwh } ;f] ax; x'g] u/]sf
5g\ h'g cfjZos klg 5 .
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