FREE-RANGE CHICKEN

LAYER PRODUCTION
DR. MA. ASUNCION G. BELTRAN
Tarlac Agricultural University
Camiling, Tarlac
ANG INDUSTRIYA NG
PAGMAMANUKAN
SA PILIPINAS
 Pag-aalaga sa Likod Bahay
2 Uri:
• Commercial- marami sa 100 manok
Backyard- 1- 100 manok
What is Free Range ?

• Free range or free roaming –

pagpapagala ng manok at nagagawa nila
ang natural na kagawian.
• A free-range chicken ay kumakahig sa
labas ng bahay at nakakakuha ng natural
na pagkain, naiinitan at
nakakapagehersisyo sa labas ng bahay
 Free-Range Chicken Farming
• Sa loob ng bahay ay may 5-6 na manok kada
metro2
• Merong 6-8 na oras na nakagala
• Nakakakain ng damo, insekto at iba pang
pagkain sa lupa
 Katangian ng Pag-aalaga na FRC
• Madali ang teknolohiya
• Gumagamit ng natural/organic farming system
• Konting pag-gawa ng mga magsasaka
• Pwedeng-pwede sa mga kababaihan at mga sa
kanilang mga anak
• Magandang benepisyo sa lupa
• Ang mga manok ay pwedeng kumain ng mga
damo, dahon at mga tira sa kusina at sakahan
 Advantages of FRC Eggs

• Ang FRC ay pwedeng pang-karne at pang-

itlog
• Ang itlog ay kumpletong pagkain
• Pinakamurang source ng protina na kailangan
natin araw-araw
• Pwedeng kainin ng mga bata at matanda
• Ang itlog ay maraming gamit at luto
5 Bagay na Kailangan Para sa
Magandang Pagmamanukan
1. Kaalaman, Karunungan, at
Kaugalian
2. Uri ng manok (Genetics)
3. Pabahay
4. Pakain
5. Wastong Pag-aalaga
 PAG-AALAGA
· Pabahay = tubigan, kainan
· Brooding = 2 weeks to 1 month
· Pagpapagala – simula sa ika-2 buwan
· Feeding (Pagpapakain)
· Watering (Pagpapainum)
· Breeding (Pagpapalahi)
· Recording
· Laying Mgt (Pangingitlog)
HOUSING
Free Range Chicken House
 HOUSING

Net Height : at least 6 feet Waterer: 10 birds/waterer

Ranging area : 2 meters/bird (small basin)
No. Of Nests : 3 birds/nest Space Requirement (House):
Feeder : 10 birds/feeder 3 bird /m2
 TIPS
• Magtanim ng
aratiles, saging, at
iba pa para lumamig
ang paligid
• Gumamit ng
tarpaulin o dahon
ng niyog, anahaw,
pawid sa bubong
Beltran, Ma. Asuncion G. 2018. ToT on FPS-IFRCP. TAU, Camiling, Tarlac
 Tube feeders

Beltran, Ma. Asuncion G. 2018. National Training on Free Range Chicken Production
WATERERS
Dusting area to control external parasites
Perching area
Pagpili ng Palahiang Manok
Mga Katangian ng Day Old Chicks
Bilog ang mga
mata
Malinis at tuyo
ang balahibo sa
buong katawan
lalo sa bandang
puwit.
Ang mga paa ay
makinis at
tuwid
Maliliksi ang
mga sisiw
Growers and Pullets
Maliliksi at
walang sakit

Magaganda
at makintab
ang mga
balahibo
Growers and Pullets
Malalaki at
tama sa edad

 Ang mga mata

ay bilog at
klarong itim
Malinis at
tuyong mga tuka
at ilong
Growers and Pullets

Mapula ang mga

palong at wattle
Tuwid ang mga
paa at mga kuko
Laying birds
Maliksi at
walang sakit
Malaki at
pulang palong
Klaro ang mga
mata, bilog at
hindi bulag
Laying birds
Kulay dilaw ang
mga paa
Malaki at
makapal ang
dibdib
Ang sipit-
sipitan ay 3-4
cm ang luwang
Laying birds
Magsimulang
mangitlog ng 5
buwan hanggang 15
na buwan at tatagal
ng taon

Malinis ang balahibo

sa puwitan

Walang parang mga

kaliskis sa mga paa
Cockerel/Cocks
Ang mga lalaking
manok ay dapat
makintab ang
balahibo

Aktibo sa
pangangasta sa
mga inahing mga
manok

Walang sakit
Cockerel/Cocks
1:10 ang ratio ng
lalaki sa babaeng
manok
Tama sa edad (5
buwan pataas)
Ang itlog ay
pwedeng mamisa sa
21 na araw sa
pamamagitan ng
native na manok o
incubator
Mga Iba’t Ibang Klase
ng FRC sa Pilipinas
 Rhode Island Red
Australorp
 Plymouth Rock
 White Sussex
Upgrade Sasso
 Breeds Available in the Philippines
• Rhode Island Red
• Australorp
• Light Sussex
• Blue Isbar
• Plymouth Rock Australorp Rhode Island Red

Light Sussex Blue Isbar Plymouth Rock

 Dominant Brown D 102
Characteristics:
Laying period (till 78 week):
more than 315 brown shell eggs at 74 weeks age

Livability 93-96%
Age at 50 % of lay 23 week
Top of performance 93 %
Number of eggs (hen housed) 301 pcs
Number of eggs (hen day
production)
308 pcs
Average egg weight 63.5 g
Total egg mass 19.3 kg
Feed consumption per hen a day 122 g
Total feed consumption per hen 45 kg
Growing period till 18 weeks: Feed consumption per egg 149 g
Feed consumption per 1 kg egg
2.33 kg
Livability 95-97% mass
Body weight at 18 weeks 1.4 kg Body weight at 78 week – hen 2.15 kg
Feed consumption 6.1 kg Color of egg shell brown
Temperament quiet
 Dominant Black D 109
Characteristics:
Laying period (till 78 week):
(> 310 eggs at 74 weeks age)
Livability 93-96%
Age at 50 % of lay 23 week
Top of performance 92 %
Number of eggs (hen housed) 298 pcs
Number of eggs (hen day production) 306 pcs
Average egg weight 62.5 g
Total egg mass 19.1 kg
Feed consumption per hen a day 122 g
Total feed consumption per hen 45 kg
Growing period till 18 weeks: Feed consumption per egg 151 g
Livability 95-97%
Feed consumption per 1 kg egg mass 2.35 kg
Body weight at 18 weeks 1.5 kg Body weight at 78 week – hen 2.15 kg
Feed consumption 6.2 kg Color of egg shell brown
Temperament quiet
 Dominant Red D 853
Characteristics:
Laying period (till 78 week):
Livability 93-96%
Age at 50 % of lay 23 week
Top of performance 92 %
Number of eggs (hen housed) 298 pcs
Number of eggs (hen day
production) 306 pcs
Average egg weight 62.5 g
Total egg mass 19.1 kg
Feed consumption per hen a day 122 g
Total feed consumption per hen 45 kg
Feed consumption per egg 151 g
Growing period till 18 weeks: Feed consumption per 1 kg egg
2.35 kg
mass
Livability 95-97% Body weight at 78 week – hen 2.15 kg
Body weight at 18 weeks 1.5 kg Color of egg shell brown
Feed consumption 6.3 kg
 Dominant Barred D 959
Characteristics:
Laying period (till 78 week):
(>310 dark brown shell eggs at 74 weeks age)

Livability 93-96%
Age at 50 % of lay 23 week
Top of performance 92 %
Number of eggs (hen housed) 298 pcs
Number of eggs (hen day production) 306 pcs
Average egg weight 62.5 g
Total egg mass 19.1 kg
Feed consumption per hen a day 122 g
Total feed consumption per hen 45 kg
Feed consumption per egg 151 g
Growing period till 18 weeks: Feed consumption per 1 kg egg mass 2.35 kg
Body weight at 78 week – hen 2.15 kg
Livability 95-97% Color of egg shell Brown
Body weight at 18 weeks 1.5 kg Temperament quiet
Feed consumption 6.3 kg
 Dominant Blue D 107
Characteristics:
Laying period (till 78 week)
about 300 brown shell eggs:
Livability 93-96%
Age at 50 % of lay 23 week
Top of performance 91 %
Number of eggs (hen housed) 290 pcs
Number of eggs (hen day production) 299 pcs
Average egg weight 62 g
Total egg mass 18.5 kg
Feed consumption per hen a day 122 g
Total feed consumption per hen 45 kg
Feed consumption per egg 161 g
Growing period till 18 weeks: Feed consumption per 1 kg egg mass 2.6 kg
Livability 95-97% Body weight at 78 week – hen 2.15 kg
Body weight at 18 weeks 1.5 kg light
Feed consumption 6.2 kg Color of egg shell
brown
Temperament quiet
 Dominant Sussex D 104
Characteristics:
Laying period (till 78 week):
(>300 brown shell eggs at 74 weeks of age)

Livability 93-96%
Age at 50 % of lay 23 week
Top of performance 91 %
Number of eggs (hen housed) 290 pcs
Number of eggs (hen day production) 299 pcs
Average egg weight 62 g
Total egg mass 18.5 kg
Feed consumption per hen a day 122 g
Total feed consumption per hen 45 kg
Feed consumption per egg 151 g
Growing period till 18 weeks: Feed consumption per 1 kg egg mass 2.43 kg
Body weight at 78 week – hen 2.15 kg
Livability 95-97% Color of egg shell Light brown
Body weight at 18 weeks 1.5 kg Temperament quiet
Feed consumption 6.3 kg
Cross Breeds
Commercial Layer Strains in the Philippines

Hubbard Arbor Acre Babcock Dekalb

Hybro Starcross Kimber

Sasso/ISA Brown Chickens
Asil chicken
Naked Neck Chickens/Turken
 Naked-neck trait which
characterizes this breed is
controlled by
an incompletely
dominant allele located near
the middle of Chromosome 3
 Dual purpose
 1-3 kgs adult weight
Silkie Chicken
Brooding = karagdagang init sa mga sisiw
 Dapat malinis ang bahay bago dumating ang sisiw;
 Painitin na ang bahay bago dumating and sisiw.
 Saraduhan ang bahay ng kurtinang sako;
 Lapagan ng dyaryo o ipa na may kapal na 2”.
 Maglagay ng ilaw mula 1 araw hanggang 14 na
araw;
 Tubig na may pulang asukal
 Puedeng lampara na may nakapalibot na wire;
 Bumili ng pulang plato, 1=100 sisiw;
 Magingat sa mga daga at ahas;
 Pakain=Chick booster mula 1 to14 araw;
Growing and management of day old chicks until grower stage

Heater= 1 watt per bird

Beddings= 2 “ rice hull + newspaper
Height of bulb= not lower than 2 ft
Brooder pen
design
Kailan tanggalin ang pailaw?- kung tumubo na ang balahibo
sa pakpak
Simula ng pagpapagala =2 buwan ( 60 days)
Ibitin ang pakainan – ang taas ay kapantay ng balikat
 Pagpapakain ng Manok
Edad ng Manok Uri ng Pagkain
1-2 weeks Booster Mash
2-6 weeks Starter Mash
6 weeks- 18 weeks Grower Feeds
19 weeks and Layer Feeds
above
 Feeding Standards & Weight Target
Type of feeds Age of birds (wks) Gift/bird (grams) Wt./Bird(grams)
Chick Booster 1 15 80
2 20 110
3 25 130
Chick starter 4 30 190
5 35 225
6 40 280
Chick 7 45 350
Grower 8 50 440
9 55 525
10 60 600
11 65 670
12 70 750
13 75 810
14 80 870
15 85 920
16 88 970
17 90 1,100
18 93 1,170
19 95 1,210
20 100 1,300
Laying Mash 21-85 110 1,500 pataas
Home-made Chicken Feeds
4 Lata dilaw na mais o binlid
1.5 Lata darak
1 Lata nagiling na suso/snails
1.5 Lata copra oil meal
0.5 Lata mongo or soy bean buto
0.5 Lata tuyong dahon ng ipil-ipil
1 Kutsarang asin
1 Dakot na apog (lime)
Notes:
Gumamit ng napakuloang gabi, ubi, kamote/kahoy kapalit ng
mais.
Doblehin and pakain kung ito at basa.
Puedeng gumamit ng fresh azolla kapalit ng darak.
Iba Pang Pagkain ng Manok
- saging
- gamu gamo
- isda
- azolla
- susu (snails)
- filter cake (dried and good)
- anay
- bulate
-kitchen left overs
-Damo/legumbre
-kalabasa
- malunggay
 Add-on feeds:

-saging
- gamu gamo
- isda
- azolla
- susu (snails)
- filter cake
 Add-on feeds:
- anay
- bulate
-kitchen left overs
-Damo/legumbre
-kalabasa
-Malunggay
-Kangkong
-kamote
AZOLLA
 Paggawa ng FPJs at FFJs
Natural products to boost immune response of animals
Gumamit ng Ipil –ipil,
kangkong, kamote, at
saha ng saging o prutas Acquire
young
Gayatin ng 1-2 inches na materials
haba
Strain. Give 2 Chop
Sa 1kg ng dahon tbsp/L of
dagdagan ng ½ kg ng H2O,
1-2 “
asukal o molasses (3 kgs)
3x/wk
Haluin sa loob ng timba,
pagkatapos takpan ito at
isarado gamit ang
dyaryo. Add
Ferment 7
Lagyan ng date kung days
Molasses
kailan ginawa at hanguin (1 kg)
pagkatapos ng 7 araw
Itago sa madilim na lugar. Mix well &
pack
Give 2 tbsp/L of H2O, In pail
3x/wk of water, 3x/wk
Pangangalaga sa Kalusugan ng mga Manok
Marek’s vaccine against Mareks disease on Day 1.
Vaccination and health program of the birds

Vaccine/Health
Age of Birds Route
Management
7 days NCD B1B1 Eye drop
IBD Intermediate
14 days Drinking Water
Vaccine
28 days NCD La Sota Drinking Water
60 days Pox Vaccine Wing Web
120 days NCD La Sota Drinking Water
Pox Vaccine Wing Web
Deworming Drinking Water
NCD La Sota
One year IM
NCD Vaccination- eye drop,
nostril

Fowl Pox Vaccination= Wing web

Vaccination and health program of the birds
 Growing tips
• Sa pagpapalaki, gumawa ng
kulungan hanggang 60 na
araw
• Pakainin ng mga damo,
dahon, at iba pa liban sa
binibiling pagkain
• Simulang ipagala 61 araw
pataas
• Makakatipid sa patuka kung
bibigya sila ng mga
alternatibong pagkain
• Laging ihiwalay ang may
sakit
 Growing tips
• Maglagay ng
sampahan sa edad
na 45 na araw;

• Magtalaga ng oras
ng pakain,
pagpaainum at
pagpasok sa loob
na bhay ng manok,
para masanay din
sila.
Paitluging manok= 5 months old to 4 years
 Layer Feeds (Free Range)

Alternatibong halo ng pakain

25% darak
25% mais
25% copra meal
25% laying mash
Bigyan ng calcium o grits, para tumibay
ang shell ng itlog
 Laying Production
• Gumamit ng
malinis na
beddings; dayami o
ginupit na papel:
walang hanip.
• Palitan kada 2
buwan;
• Ilagay ang nest sa
mas madilim na
parte ng kulungan;
• Hindi dapat
maingay.
 Layer management & Egg care tips

• Kunin ang itlog 2x sa isang

araw: 10am, at 3pm
• Wag mag-iwan ng itlog,
wag hayaan maglimlim and
manok, hihinto siyang
mangitlog.
• Dapat malinis palagi ang
pangitlogan
• Isarado ang nests kung 5pm
hanggang 6 am
Beltran, Ma. Asuncion G. 2018. ToT on FPS-IFRCP. TAU, Camiling, Tarlac
 Layer Management & Egg Care Tips

• Laging may sapin sa paa.

Alam na manok kung sino
ang laging pumapasok.
• Sundin ang sked sa farm
• Laging mag-obserba.
Alisin ang mahihina,
ihiwalay at alagaan
• Pulutin ang mga itlog sa
sahig, Asap
 Egg Care Tips
• Ihiwalay ang mga
maduduming itlog

• Kumuha ng malinis
na basahan at
punasan ng tubig na
may 4% na natural na
suka

• Igrupo ang mga

nakukuhang mga
itlog

• First in, first out.

 Egg Care Tips
• Panatilihing presko
ang itlog sa
pamamagitan ng
paglagay ng tuyong
dahon ng saging
kung ilalagay sa
basket.
• Ipatayo ang itlog na
nasa taas ang mas
blunt na parte para
humaba ang shelf
life ng itlog
 Egg Care Tips
• Tumatagal lang ng 5
araw ang fertile na
itlog
• Itago sa malamig na
lugar
• Kung uulamin, ilagay
sa ref ng hanggang 8-
15 na araw
• Ang sekreto ay laging
bago ang itlog
Pagpapalahi
1. Pumili ng pinakamalaking tandang at
may magandang katawan;
2. Inahin= 10 eggs/brooding (Native)
Free range ay hindi niya uupuan ang
itlog;
3. Ratio = 1:7 (Best); 1:10 (good)
 Size Weight (grams)
Peewee 45 and below
Small 46-50
Medium 51-55
Large 56-60
Extra Large 61-65
Jumbo 66 and above
 Klase ng Pagpapisa?

1. Natural- native
2. Artificial Incubation
Paggamit ng artificial incubator
Incubation=18 days
 Hatching= 3 days
 Tempt= 37-37.5oC
RH= 60%
Incubation=18 days
Hatching= 3 days
Tempt= 37oC
RH= 60%
 Candling

8th day

14th
day
 Project Income Statement
Projected Income Statement, 100 birds, 18 months cycle
Items Year 1 Year 2
Income from Sales of good eggs, 90 hd x 290 eggs 213,440.00 106,720.00
X 8/ egg
Income from Sales of 2nd class (reject) eggs, 3% (84 3,360.00 1,680.00
*100=840 eggs*4/egg
Income from Sales of Culled Chickens, 10% mortality, - 13,500.00
150/head
Gross Sales 216,800.00 109,750.00
Less: Costs of Goods Sold
Ready to Lay Pullets, 350/RTL 35,000.00 -
Feeds, 45 kgs/hen@Php23/kg 105,800.00 45,540.00
Biologics (Vaccines & Meds) 3,000.00 1,500.00
Direct Labor, 4k/mo. 48,000.00 24,000.00
Total Costs of Goods Sold 191,800.00 71,040.00
Less: Operating Expenses
Repair and Maintenance - 1,200.00
Building Cost/Year (10 yrs lifespan, straight line) 7,000.00 3,500.00
Utilities (Water & Electricity), 500/mo. 6,000.00 3,000.00
Total Operating Expenses 13,000.00 7,700.00

Total Production Costs (n=26,100 eggs/yr) 204,802.00 78,740.00

Average Price of Egg 7.84 6.03
Net profit before interest 11,998.00 31,010.00
Less: Interest Expense - -
Net Income, % 17.06% 39.38%
ROI 5.85% 28.25%
 Economics of Raising 50 Heads FRC layers
Unit Price Total price
A. Sales Qty
(Php) (Php)
Sales of eggs 9,856 7.00 68,992.00

Stocks ( 45+5) 50 250.00 12,500.00

Subtotal 81,492.00
B. Expenses
Stocks 50 450.00 22,500.00
Feeds (21 kgs/bird) 21 bag 1,250.00 26,250.00
Vaccine 2 350.00 700.00
molasses 20 kgs 25.00 500.00
Labor, 2 hrs per day 25.00 9,125.00
Housing 10K/10 yrs 833.00 833.00
Subtotal 59,908.00
C. Net Income 21,584.00