ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION (SWINE) NCII

CANAAN Hill Farms, Caibiran, Biliran Phils.

III. Introduction to Swine Breeding
What will I Learn Today?
I. Swine Breeding Terminologies
II. Swine Breeds
III. Breeder Swine Selection
IV. Methods of Breeding
 SWINE BREEDING
- Mating & production of piglets
“BREEDING is the HEART of Swine
Production / Operations”

*if the breeding herd fails to reproduce, then

there are fewer pigs available to sell.

*Fewer pigs = Fewer income.

 Breeding Department
Overview of the Department
Dito nagaganap ang pagbubulog at pagbubuntis
ng mga baboy
Dito makikita ang mga barako, dumalaga at
inahing baboy
Dito rin makikita ang laboratory kung saan
pinoproseso ang nakolektang semilya mula sa
mga barako
 Terminologies
Breeding – pagpapadami ng lahi; pagbubulog;
pagpapabuntis
Gilt – mga dumalagang baboy na nakalaang
maging inahin
Boar – barako, lalaking baboy
Sow – a mature female hog that had given
birth
In-Pig – buntis
Not In-Pig (NIP) – hindi buntis
Herd – tawag sa grupo ng mga baboy sa farm
Acclimatization – paraan para masanay ang
bagong dating na baboy sa bago niyang lugar
at maging ‘immune’ siya sa mga sakit na
naroroon sa farm.
 Terminologies
Isolation – paghihiwalay ng bagong
dating na baboy sa recipient herd
para masiguro na wala siyang sakit na
dala mula sa pinaggalingang farm at
nang sa gayon ay hindi
makapanghawa.
Feedback – dumi, placenta o
mummified na biik na ipinapakain sa
gilts bilang bahagi ng acclimatization.
Gestation – pagbubuntis
Empty/Dry sow – baboy na galing mula
sa walay na hindi pa buntis o
nabubulog
Weaning – pagwawalay ng inahin sa
mga biik
Mating/insemination - pagbubulog
 Terminologies
Artificial insemination – pagbubulog sa baboy sa
pamamagitan ng pagbibigay ng kinolektang semilya
mula sa barako nang hindi sinasampahan ng barako
mismo gamit ang catheter
Estrus/in-heat – paglalandi
Repeat/return – pag-ulit ng paglalandi ng baboy
matapos ang ilang araw mula nang ito’y nabulog
Abortion – pagkalaglag ng fetus o nabuong biik mula
sa buntis na inahin
Discharge – kulay-gatas o kakaibang likidong
lumalabas sa ari ng inahin/gilt
Pen – kulungan; kuwarto sa piggery
Culling – pagtanggal ng baboy sa breeding herd
Artificial Insemination – introduction of sperm cells into the
female’s reproductive tract (cervix) artificially using a plastic
or rubber catheter
Boar – uncastrated male swine usually kept for breeding
Crossbreed – a group of animals produced by mating two or
more different breeds or strains of animals
Culling – is the removal of undesirable or inferior animals in
the herd based on important economic traits and overall
performance
Estrus – period of time when the female will accept male.
Also known as heat period
Farrowing – the act of giving birth in pigs or swine
Gestation Period – refers to the period of carrying the young
in the womb
Gilt – a young female hog that has not given birth yet
Inbreeding – mating of closely related animals in a herd
Livestock – domestic animals kept for use on a farm and raised
for sale and profit
Litter – the offsprings at one birth of a multiparous animal
like swine
Litter Size – refers to the aggregate number of piglets per
farrowing
Dry sow – a sow whose litter has been weaned but which has
not yet been bred or is not pregnant
Purebreeding – is the mating of the unrelated individuals in
the same breed
Selection – refers to the process of choosing males and
females with desirable characteristics either for breeding or
replacement stocks
Semen- is an organic fluid from male animals, also known as
seminal fluid, that may contain spermatozoa; a male
secretion that consists of the seminal fluid and sperm cells.
 Gilt acclimatization
Gradual exposure to disease organisms present
in the herd so that they are able to build up
immunity without facing a sudden disease
challenge
Isolation is done to protect the recipient herd
from any new diseases which may be identified
in the source herd after delivery of new gilts but
before transfer to the main unit
Vaccination
Exposure to herd disease organisms
Heat stimulation
 Daily routines
Emergency check
Feeding
Health check
Environment check
Health stimulation and synchronization
Collection and processing of semen
Insemination/mating
Removal and recording of dead animals
Bathing of sows
Cleaning of pens
 Completing gilt cards
Contain details of vaccinations, treatments and
dates of estrus following stimulation following
stimulation with the boar
The purpose is to enable prediction of when
gilts will be available for service to allow the
service department supervisor to plan ahead so
that service targets are met
Timeliness
Entry details
Checking ID
Recording estrus
Information on treatments
Positive checking
Gilt Heat Monitoring
 Heat stimulation for gilts
Gilts require physical stimulation to come into
heat.
Patience is required for the breeder man
Boar saliva and urine should be available
Timing – gilts should be kept away from boars until
average age is 160 days
Length of stimulation – 15-20 minutes per gilt.
Recording – the start of standing heat must be
recorded on the gilt heat card.
 Managing the gilt, sow and boar
environment
One of the most important influences
on performance and welfare:
• Thermal, physical and social
environment
Component of thermal environment
• Temperature, air speed, humidity,
contaminant, gases, light
 Other aspects of the environment
Checking of floors, stalls and other
equipment for wear, defects or damage,
especially sharp edges that may lead to
injury
Lighting
Effect of flooring to foot and leg injuries
 WAYS TO MEET TARGET

1. Identifying the characteristics of the breed

2. Knowing the criteria in selection of breeders

3. Practising techniques in heat detection

4. Know the methods of breeding

 Breeds of Swine
1. Native Breeds
2. Chopsuey Breeds
3. Common Purebreds
4. Crossbreeds
5. Hybrids
1. PHILIPPINE
NATIVE PIG
2. Chopsuey Breed
3. COMMON PURE BREEDS

Large white
Landrace

Duroc Pietrain
a) Sow Lines or Breeder Lines

Landrace Large White

b) Terminal / Boar Lines

Duroc Pietrain
 Tail Dimple
(Terminal boars)
 Cognac Groove
(Terminal boars)
 3. CROSSBREEDS
* * Crossbreeds is a combination of 2 purebreds

Pietrain Large White

 4. HYBRIDS
* * Combination of 3 or more bloodlines to improve
characteristics
 Hypig
 ToPigs
 Camborough (PIC)
 V4
 Creek View
 Jaltas
 Hybrid Production
A B C D

A X B C X D
AB X CD
ABCD
Hybrid Pig Examples
Synthetic Breeds
 BREEDER SELECTION

Defined as: the process of choosing replacement boars

and gilt’s to be the parents of the next generation.
 PHYSICAL BASIS OF SELECTION

a. PHYSICAL APPEARANCE
b. GENETICS
In Selecting Your
Breeder Gilts, Always
Remember to Look For
The Following Physical
Criteria…
Long body is preferred
Strong back is highly desirable
Strong Legs

Pastern
Strong legs?
Toe Out Toe In
Hind Legs Hind Legs
(Toe In) (Toe out)
Tip Toed Cow hoof
Breeder Leg Check
Front Legs
Rear Legs
Legs Scoring Procedure
Front View Back View

Avoid small inside toe (inner claw)

TEATS
 At least six pairs of live
teats
Rudimentary – boar

Functional – gilt

 At least 3 pairs of these

teats should be anteriorly
located
 Avoid with blind or
inverted teats.
 Avoid large or extremely
small nipples
Teats (Nipples)
Blind Teats!
Ideal breeder gilt
Gilts
Normal size
orientation of the
vulva
Infantile Vulva
Underdeveloped Vulva- Baog!
 Select Healthy Animals
> Shiny hair and smooth skin
> Good appetite
> Active and moves around without difficulty
and showing no signs of lameness
> No eye discharge
> No signs of scouring as evidence by wet
hindquarters
Parents & Siblings Should Have No History
of Abnormalities

Stillbirth
Splay legged
 Cephalopagus

Thoracopagus
Conjoined
Cyclopia
Cyclops (One eyed)
Atresia Ani
“Walang Butas ang puwet”
Umbilical Hernia
Scrotal Hernia Monorchid (One balled)
Rectal Prolapse
“Almuranas” kung sa
tao
Uterine Prolapse
Lumabas ang matris sa vulva
SOW/GILT MANAGEMENT
Sows and Gilt Feeding Management

For Gilts and Dry Sows:

- 2.5 kilos per head per day.

- Start at 131 days old until day of
breeding

For Boars:
- Start at 131 days old at 2.5 kilos
per head per day thereafter
 Physiological Phenomena
to Remember

 Puberty: 5 to 6 months
 Estrous Cycle: 18 to 21 days
 Estrus period: 2 to 3 days
 Recommendations at First Breeding
 Breeding should be done during the 3rd estrus (heat)
when the gilt is about 8 months old

*** If Gilt body condition score is ideal (3):

 1st estrus: seen at 6 months old
 2nd estrus: seen at 7 months old
 3rd estrus (Time of breeding) seen in 8 mos.
 Target is 230 days old and Body Weight of 130kg.
 Signs of Estrus
*Estrogen – the hormone that
regulates Estrus

I Feel Hot!
 Reddening and swelling of
vulva
 Clear mucous discharge

 Thick mucous discharge

 Techniques in Heat Detection

Haunch
Pressure
test
 Teaser boar/Boar odor

Desired reaction: Sow/Gilts tries to

“kiss” the boar
Riding-the-back-test
When To Breed?
Sow’s Reproductive System
Sow’s Reproductive System
 METHODS OF BREEDING

1. Natural Breeding/Mating

2. Artificial Insemination (A.I.)

Natural Mating
ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION
 Artificial Insemination

Cheapest & fastest approach to improve

genetics.
Eliminate injury to the sow
Reduce risk of disease transmission
 PREGNANCY
*Progesterone – the hormone
that regulates pregnancy
 Management During Gestation

Gestation length of
swine is 114 days range
of 110 to 118 days.
 If I breed my sow today when will
we check for pregnancy???
Check for Re-HEAT on the following days
after AI:

1. 21 days
2. 42 days
3. 63 days
 Management During
Gestation/Pregnancy
1. Confine in individual gestating stalls.

2. Provide fans and shower during hot weather.

3. Provide abundant clean, fresh water both for drinking &

bathing.

4. Observe BCS (Body Condition Score) and adjust feeding

accordingly

5. Thoroughly clean the sows with soap and water before

transferring them to the farrowing crates.

6. Deworm at 100 days of pregnancy

Gestation Pen 60 cm x 260 cm x 1.2m height
84% of total sow population
Gestation Pen 60 cm x 260 cm x 1.2m height (rear view)
84% of total sow population
Bamboo Gestation Pen 60 cm x 260 cm x 1.2m height
84% of total sow population
QUESTIONS?