UNDERGROUND CABLE FAULT DETECTION

USING MICROCONTROLLER
A PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED TO

THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING

(Autonomous Institute under VTU, Belagavi)
Mysuru – 570 008

in partial fulfilment for the award of the degree of

Bachelor of Engineering
in
Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Submitted by
G VENKATESH 4NI15EE014
RAHUL D M 4NI15EE037
SADASHIV TORAVI 4NI15EE041
HALESH S T 4NI16EE410

VIII Semester

Under the Guidance of:

Mrs. RADHA R
Associate Professor

Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

The National Institute of Engineering
 (Autonomous Institute under VTU, Belagavi)
Mysuru – 570 008
2018-19
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
(Autonomous Institute under VTU, Belagavi)
Mysuru – 570 008

CERTIFICATE

Certified that the project work entitled "Underground Cable Fault

Detection Using Microcontroller" is a Bonafede work carried out by Mr. G
Venkatesh (4NI15EE014), Mr. Rahul DM (4NI15EE037), Mr. Sadashiv Toravi
(4NI15EE041) and Mr. Halesh ST (4NI16EE410), in partial fulfilment for the
award of the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Electrical and Electronics
Engineering at The National Institute of Engineering (Autonomous Institute under
VTU) during the academic year 2018-19. It is certified that all correction /
suggestions indicated during the project presentation have been incorporated in the
report. The project report has been approved as it satisfies the academic
requirements in respect of Major Project prescribed for the Bachelor of Engineering
degree.

Project Guide Head of the Department

Mrs. Radha R Dr. H Pradeepa
Department of E & EE Department of E & EE
Dr. G. Ravi
Principal
NIE, Mysuru -570008
Name of the examiners Signature with date

1.

2.
 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
(Autonomous Institute under VTU, Belagavi)
Mysuru – 570 008

UNDERTAKING:

We the under signed students of VIII semester E&EE, here by state that the project work entitled
" Underground Cable Fault Detection Using Microcontroller " is carried out by us
independently under the guidance of Mrs. RADHA R., Department of Electrical and Electronics
Engineering, NIE, Mysuru. This project work is submitted to THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF
ENGINEERING, Mysuru in partial fulfilment for the award of degree of "BACHELOR OF
ENGINEERING" in Electrical and Electronics Engineering during the year 2018-19.

PROJECT TEAM

NAME OF THE STUDENTS USN Signature

1. G VENKATESH 4NI15EE014

2. RAHUL DM 4NI15EE037

3 SADASHIV TORAVI 4NI15EE041

4. HALESH ST 4NI16EE410
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The satisfaction and euphoria that accompanies the successful completion of the project would be
incomplete without the mention of the people who made it possible with their guidance and
blessings, whose constant encouragement crowned all our efforts with success.

We express our sincere and profound gratitude and grateful thanks to our guide,
Mrs. RADHA R, Professor for providing us constant support, encouragement, guidance and useful
hints.

We express our sincere and profound gratitude and grateful thanks to our Head of the
Department, Dr. H PRADEEPA and Principal Dr. G RAVI for providing us constant support and
encouragement.

We consider ourselves privileged to have studied in esteemed institution, THE NATIONAL

INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING, Mysuru.

Lastly, we would like to thank all the faculty and staff members of the Department of
Electrical and Electronics Engineering, NIE, Mysuru. We would also like to thank our parents for
their moral support and encouragement.

I
 ABSTRACT

Cable faults are damage to cables which affects the resistance in the cable. If allowed to persist,
this can lead to a voltage breakdown. To locate a fault in the cable, the cable must first be tested
for faults. This prototype uses the simple concept of OHMs law. The current would vary depending
upon the length of fault of the cable. This prototype is assembled with a set of resistors representing
cable length in Kilo meters and fault creation is made by a set of switches at every known Kilo
meters (km’s) to cross check the accuracy of the same. The fault occurring at what distance and
which phase is displayed on a 16X2 LCD interfaced with the microcontroller. The program is
burned into ROM of microcontroller. The power supply consists of a stepdown transformer
230/12V, which steps down the voltage to12V AC. This is converted to DC using a Bridge rectifier.
The ripples are removed using a capacitive filter and it is then regulated to +5V using a voltage
regulator 7805 which is required for the operation of the microcontroller and other components

In this project, a way for sleuthing underground cable fault distance locator is
done by using microcontroller. The target of this project is to work out the gap of underground
cable fault through base station in kilo meters. It uses the straight forward conception of Ohm’s
law, voltage drop can vary counting on the length of fault in cable, since the current varies. A
group of resistors are used to represent the length of cable in kilo meters and a dc voltage is fed
at one end and the fault is detected the change in voltage using analogue to voltage converter. The
fault occurring at what distance is shown on LCD which is interfaced with the microcontroller
that is used to make the necessary calculation.

II
 CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I

ABSTRACT II

CONTENTS III

LIST OF FIGURES IV

CHAPTER 1
1.1 Introduction 2
1.2 Literature Survey 3
1.3 Problem Statement 4
1.4 Objectives 4
CHAPTER 2
2.1 Proposed Methodology 6
2.2 Circuit Diagram 7
2.3 Working 8
2.4 Components Required 9
2.5 Description 10
2.5.1 Introduction to Microcontroller 10
2.5.2 Introduction to GSM 21
2.5.3 Relay 27
2.5.4 Power Supply 30
2.5.5 LED 34
2.5.6 LCD Display 35
2.5.7 MAX232 IC 36
2.5.8 Relay Driver 39
2.6 Flowchart 40
CHAPTER 3
3.1 Results 43
3.2 Conclusion 45
3.3 Scope For Future Work 45
REFERENCES
APPENDIX

III
LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2.1 Block Diagram 6

Figure 2.2 Circuit Diagram 7

Figure 2.5.1 Pin Diagram Of 89S52 IC 15

Figure 2.5.2 GPRS Modem 21

Figure 2.5.3 SPDT Relay 27

Figure 2.5.4 Basic Block Diagram of a Fixed Regulated Power Supply. 30

Figure 2.5.4(a) Transformer 30

Figure 2.5.4(b) Circuit Diagram of Bridge Rectifier. 32

Figure 2.5.5 Light Emitting Diode (LED) 34

Figure 2.5.6 LCD Display 35

Figure 2.5.7 MAX232 IC 36

Figure 2.5.8 Relay Driver IC 39

Figure 2.6 Flowchart 40

Figure 3.1 Prototype Project Model 43

Figure 3.2 Switch And Relay Circuit 44

IV