Expansion F Wave / Frequency: Longitudinal Wave:

stress A
T K  TC   273   m E
strain   T c  3  10 8 : speed of light V 
T R  T F   273 s 
Heat Oscillatory motion:
absolute temp .  0 K or 0 R 
m solid : v
Coefficient of expansion sensible heat : Q  m  c  T T  2 
k
  length 
Latent heat : Q  m  L L liquid : v
  area T  2 
g
  volume 1 calorie  4.186 Joules
1  P
Q period : T  gas : v
Linear Expansion specific heat cap . : c  f 
m  T
 L  L f  Lo d 
Thermal Equilibriu m : v   f Sound:
 L    Lo   T t T
q loss  q gain  0 v air  332 m
L f  Lo 1     T  s
Velocity of transverse wave:
v air  332 m  0.6t 
Heat Transfer: T s
Area Expansion v T  Tension H  v air
A  A f  Ao Q  closed : f  ; H  1,3,5..
H   e   A T 2 4L
t
A    Ao  T L  nd   linear mass den . H  v air
Q k  T  A open : f  ; H  1,2,3,....
A f  Ao 1    T  H   2L 2L
t x  d  dis tan ce of seg .
Doppler Effect:
  2 n
H  heat current  v  vL 
1  f L  f s   air
e  emisssivit y L  n    f  T 
Volume Expansion 2   v air  v s 
V  V f  V o L-listener s- sound
  Stefan  Boltzman Cons tan t T 1
V    Vo  T  f  f  Shock Wave:
w  
V f  Vo 1    T    5.67  10 8 mach no. 
vs
m K2 4
1 T 1 V
  3 Q f  f 
P   e   A T 4   L 1 V
t sin   
vs
Liquid Expansion
V  V fL  V fc

Pnet  e    A T1  T2
4 4
 f 
n
2L
T

f  n
mach no.
x t 
PEe  1 kx 2 y  x , t   A  cos 2    
 V  V o   T  L   c  2  T 
c- container KEe  1 mv 2 2
L – liquid 2 k w  vk v    f

Thermal Stress:
Charges: Electricity: work Kirchhoff’s rule
Power =
time junction rule :
Gauss Law: dQ
I 
   E  dA dt P  VI I 0
Electric potential energy V2
P
1 q  qo V  IR R
Force , F  loop rule :
4 o r 2 L E  VT  V r
R
A V 0
E  external load
Single charge:   resistivit y
q 1 E  IT R  IT r
V    V
4 o  r  R
I E  I T R  r 
E
Multiple charge: IT  : current by cell
Series Circuit: Rr
q 1 qi I T  I1  I 2  I 3
V   
4 o  r  ri VT  V1  V 2  V3 Combination of Cell
RT  R1  R 2  R3 Series:
Potential energy:
q  qo  1  E1  E 2  E 3  ......
   Parallel Circuit: IT 
4 o  r  R  r1  r2  r3  ......
I T  I1  I 2  I 3
nE
VT  V1  V 2  V3 IT 
R  nR
1 1 1 1 n- number of cell in series
  
RT R1 R 2 R3
Parallel:
E
IT  N- no. of branch
e
R
N

Series-Parallel:
nE
IT 
nr
R
N
I
I cell  T
N