Reported Speech

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1. Mary "I love chocolate."

Jill: "Mary said (that) she ___ chocolate."

a. loved
b. loves
c. loving
 Mary: "I went skiing."
Jill: "Mary said (that) she ___ skiing."
a. went
b. had gone
c. have gone
 Mary: "I will eat steak for dinner."
Jill: "Mary said (that) she ___ eat steak for dinner."
a. willing
b. will
c. would
 Mary: "I have been to Sydney."
Jill: "Mary said (that) she ___ to Sydney."
a. had been
b. has been
c. was being
 Mary: "I have had three cars."
Jill: "Mary said (that) she ___ three cars.
a. has
b. has had
c. had had
 Mary: "I'm going to go to Long Beach."
Jill: "Mary said (that) she ___ going to go to Long Beach."
a. is
b. was
c. went
 Mary: "I don't like spinach."
Jill: "Mary said (that) she ___ like spinach."
a. doesn't
b. don't
c. didn't
 Mary: "I have never been to London."
Jill: "Mary said (that) she ___ never been to London."
a. had
b. has
c. have
 Mary: "I was swimming."
Jill: "Mary said (that) she ___ swimming.
a. has been
b. had been
c. have been
 Mary: "I had a cat."
Jill: Mary said (that) she had ___ a cat."
a. have
b. has
c. had
 Mary: "I can't swim."
Jill: "Mary said (that) she ___ swim."
a. can't
b. couldn't
c. can not
 Mary: "I won't buy a new car."
Jill: "Mary said (that) she ___ by a new car."
a. won't
b. will
c. wouldn't
 Mary: "I have to do my laundry."
Jill: "Mary said (that) she ___ to do her laundry."
a. had
b. has
c. have
Pengertian Direct Indirect Speech

Direct speech adalah suatu kalimat yang diucapkan secara langsung oleh pembicara yang dalam
penulisannya disertai dengan tanda aphostrof di awal dan akhir kalimatnya sebagaimana teks
dialog atau percakapan. Contoh:
Andi bilang kepada saya: “kamu adalah orang yang sangat aku cintai”
Andi says to me: “you are the one I love very much”
Sedangkan Indirect speech adalah suatu kalimat yang menggambarkan perkataan orang lain atau
dirinya sendiri secara tidak langsung (tidak persis seperti yang dikatakan pada saat diucapkan).
Seperti jika kita merubah contoh kalimat di atas maka indirect speechnya menjadi:
Andi bilang kepada saya bahwa saya adalah orang yang sangat ia cintai.
Andi says to me that I am the one he love so much

Baik kalimat direct maupun indirect speech terdiri dari dua unsur yakni induk kalimat (main
clause) dan anak kalimat (sub clause). Induk kalimat (main clause) adalah seperti yang berwarna
merah, sedangkan anak kalimat (reported words/sub clause) adalah yang berwarna biru.

B. Aturan Perubahan Direct Indirect Speech

Siswa sering kali dibingungkan dengan perubahan kalimat dari direct speech ke indirect speech
dalam hal perubahan tenses, subjek objek serta tempat dan waktu. Berikut aturan perubahannya:

1. Tenses.

Perubahan tenses di bawah ini terjadi jika Induk kalimatnya berupa bentuk Past tense, sedang
jika induk kalimatnya dalam bentuk present tense seperti contoh di atas, maka tidak ada
perubahan.

No DIRECT INDIRECT

1 Simple Present Simple past

2 Present Continuous Past Continuous

3 Present Perfect Past Perfect

4 Present Perfect Continous Past Perfect Continous

5 Simple Past Past Perfect

6 Past continuous Past continuous

7 Past perfect Past perfect

8 Past perfect continuous Past perfect continuous

9 Simple Future Past Future

10 Future Continuous Past future continuous

11 Future Perfect Past Future Perfect

12 Future Perfect Continuous Past Future Perfect Continuous

Perubahan tenses di atas sebenarnya mencakup 16 tenses, namun karena terlalu panjang saya
sarankan untuk membaca Rumus Praktis Perubahan Tenses Direct Indirect Speech.

2. Keterangan waktu dan tempat

No DIRECT INDIRECT

1 Now Then

2 Tomorrow The following day

3 Yesterday The day before

4 Next week The following week

5 Tonight/Today That night/That day

6 Here There

7 This That

8 These Those

3. Berdasar bentuk Kalimat

Bentuk dasar kalimat juga berpengaruh pada perubahan kalimat dari direct ke indirect speech.
Bentuk dasar kalimat yang dimaksud adalah:

A. STATEMENT
Mengingat bahwa Indirect Speech adalah kalimat majemuk, maka kalimat ini terdiri dari induk
kalimat (main clause) dan anak kalimat (sub clause). Dalam indirect statement kita menggunakan
penghubung that (bahwa) namun ini tidak mutlak, yang terpenting dalam perubahan adalah jika
main clause berupa : Simple Present, Present Perfect, atau Simple Future maka tidak ada
perubahan tense dalam Indirect Speech.
Contoh : I am very sorry
He will tell you
He says to you (that) he is very sorry
He has told you

– Dalam contoh diatas yang berubah hanya personal pronounnya saja dan perubahannya
tergantung siapa yang berbicara. Kata ganti I dalam kalimat langsung bisa berubah menjadi he
atau she dalam Reported Speech sedang my bisa berubah menjadi his…… Atau her….
– Untuk kata ganti we dalam kalimat langsung bisa berubah menjadi They dalam kalimat tak
langsung.
Contoh : They say to him, ‘We cannot do your home work’
They say to him that they can not do his homework.

Berlainan dengan pembetukan Reported Speech dari bentuk Present tense dan Past tense
Contoh : 1. He says to her, ‘I see you today’
He says to her that he sees her today
2. He said to her, ‘I see you today’
He said to her that he saw her that day
3. He says to her, ‘I saw you yesterday’
He says to her that he saw her yesterday
4. He said to her, ‘I saw you yesterday’
He said to her that he had seen her the day before

Catalan :
1. Jika kalimat menyatakan kebenaran umum apapun bentuk tensesnya dalam main clause tidak
akan mempengaruhi perubahan tenses dalam Indirect Speech
Contoh : Father said to you, ‘The sun rises in the east every morning’
Father said to you that the sun rises in the east every morning
2. Jika anak kalimat dalam Direct Speech berupa Simple Past untuk keterangan waktu, maka
tidak berubah dalam Indirect Speech tapi induk kalimat tetap berubah.
Contoh : Amir said, ‘My father was sleeping when I came here’
Amir said that his father had been sleeping when I came there.

B. QUESTION
Bila pertanyaan langsung menggunakan Yes/No Question maka penghubungnya menggunakan
if/whether yang berarti apakah
Contoh : Ani asked me, ‘Are you John?’
Ami asked me if I was John

Untuk susunan kalimat dalam Reported Speech setelah if/whether adalah affirmative sentence
kalimat berita yang diawali dengan Subyek bukan auxiliary.

She asked me if + subyek (kalimat berita)

Contoh : He asked her, ‘Have you done your work?’

He asked her if she had done her work
Jika pertanyaan langsung menggunakan Question Word seperti what, when, where, why dll
maka question word tersebut digunakan sebagai penghubung dalam Reported Speech. Dan
pertanyaan yang dilaporkan berubah menjadi kahmat berita.

He asked me what/when + Subyek (kalimat berita)

Contoh : He asked me, ‘What is your name?

He asked me what my name was

She asked me, ‘When can I meet you?

She asked me when she could meet me

C. COMMAND
Command dibagi menjadi dua antara Nominal dan verbal Masing-masing dibagi menjadi
positive dan negative
1. Positive Nominal Command menggunakan penghubung : to be
2. Negative Nominal Command menggunakan penghubung : not to be
3. Positive Verbal Command menggunakan penghubung : to infinitive
4. Negative Verbal Command menggunakan penghubung : not to infinitive

Contoh : Mother asked, ‘Please be careful John!’

Mother asked John to be careful

He asked them, ‘Don’t be lazy!’

He asked them not to be lazy

Father asked me, ‘Don’t do what I do!’

Father asked me not to do what he did
Father forbade me to do what he did

Dalam Command jenis polite request seperti;

Contoh : Ani said, ‘Would you mind meeting me!’
Ani requsted me to meet her

Marry asked John, ‘Could you buy a book for me!’

Marry asked John to buy her a book.

EXCLAMATORY SENTENCE/EXCLAMATION
Exclamation untuk menyatakan perasaan heran. Kata penghubung dalam kalimat ini disesuaikan
dengan konteks kalimat yang dilaporkan.
Contoh : He said, ‘Hello! Where are you going?’
He greeted me and asked where I was going

He said, ‘Thank you!’

He thanked me
He said, ‘Happy birth day to you’
He wished me a happy birth day.