Bernoulli’s Energy Theorem:

Pumps, Turbines

• CE 34 – Mechanics of Fluids equiogue

 Bernoulli’s Energy Theorem:
𝑉12 𝑃1 𝑃2 𝑉22
+ + 𝑧1 + 𝐻𝐴 = + + 𝑧2 + 𝐻𝐿 + 𝐻𝐸
2𝑔 ɣ 2𝑔 ɣ
• where:
𝑉2
- velocity head, m HA – head added by a pump, m
2𝑔

𝑃
- pressure head, m HE – head extracted by a pump, m
ɣ

z – elevation head, m HL – head loss, m

• CE 34 – Mechanics of Fluids equiogue

 Pump

a machine used to
increase total energy
of a liquid.

• CE 34 – Mechanics of Fluids equiogue

 Bernoulli’s Energy Theorem:
with a pump:
𝑉12 𝑃1 𝑉22 𝑃2
+ + 𝑧1 + 𝐻𝐴 = + + 𝑧2 + 𝐻𝐿1 − 2
2𝑔 ɣ 2𝑔 ɣ

Pump Power = Q ɣ HA Poutput for the pump

Poutput
Efficiency = x 100%
Pinput

• CE 34 – Mechanics of Fluids equiogue

 Bernoulli’s Energy Theorem:
PROBLEM:

A 20 hp suction pump operating at 70% efficiency draws

water from a suction line whose diameter is 200 mm and
discharges into air through a line whose diameter is 150mm.
The velocity in the 150 mm line is 3.6m/s. If the pressure at
point A in the suction pipe is 34 kPa below atmosphere,
where A is 1.8 m below B on the 150 mm line, determine the
maximum elevation above B to which water can be raised
assuming a head loss of 3m due to friction.
• CE 34 – Mechanics of Fluids equiogue
Given:
Pinput = 20 hp
Efficiency = 70%
d1 = 200mm = 0.2m
d2 = 150mm = 0.15m
V2 = 3.6 m/s
The problem states that the
PA = -34 kPa pressure is below atmospheric
thus the negative sign
zA = 0.0 m
zB = 1.8 m Assigning the lowest
point as datum

HL = 3m

Required:
h – maximum height
CE34
•• CE 34– –Mechanics
Mechanics of Fluids
of Fluids equiogue
 REMINDER:

When using Bernoulli’s equation you have to

first establish which two points you are
analyzing.

Select points with identifiable values for

velocity, pressure and elevation heads and
headloss
• CE 34 – Mechanics of Fluids equiogue
Looking at our figure, we are asked to find h.

There are 4 possible points that we can

consider:
• the water surface
• point A on the suction side
• point B on the discharge side
• point C, the end of the pipe line.

We do not know the elevation of the water

surface.

Point A has a known diameter, pressure and

elevation with respect to point B.

• CE 34 – Mechanics of Fluids equiogue

 Looking at Point B, we have a known
diameter Velocity and elevation with
respect to A, but unknown pressure.

Point C has known pressure, velocity,

diameter of the pipe and the unknown
quantity that we are asked to determine.

So, we should start at point A and end at

point C.

• CE 34 – Mechanics of Fluids equiogue

 Bernoulli’s Equation (A-C)
𝑉𝐴2 𝑃𝐴 𝑉𝐶2 𝑃𝐶
+ + 𝑧𝐴 + 𝐻𝐴 = + + 𝑧𝐶 + 𝐻𝐿𝐴 − 𝐶
2𝑔 ɣ 2𝑔 ɣ
Solving for Velocity Heads:

VA is unknown, but since QA = QB = QC and Q = AV

We can then say that:

π π
Q= 0.22 𝑉𝐴 = 0.152 𝑉𝐶
4 4

Point C is on the 150mm ϕ pipe. → VC = V2 = 3.6 m/s

So we can get that Q = 0.0636m3/s and VA = 2.025 m/s,

therefore:
𝑉 𝐴2 2.0252 𝑉𝑐 2 3.62
= = 0.209𝑚 = = 0.66𝑚
2𝑔 2 9.81 2𝑔 2 9.81

• CE 34 – Mechanics of Fluids equiogue

 Pressure:
PA = -34
PC = 0, because it is exposed to the atmosphere

Elevation:
zA = 0, if we consider point A as our DATUM
zC = 1.8 + h

Headloss:
HL = 3m

Value of HA: Poutput

Using the formula: Efficiency = x 100% Conversion factor
Pinput Watts (W) to
horsepower (hp)
Poutput 746 𝑊
70% = x 100% Poutput = 14 hp x = 10,444 W
20 ℎ𝑝 1ℎ𝑝

Pump Power = Q ɣ HA
10,444 = 0.0636 (9810) HA
HA = 16.74 m

• CE 34 – Mechanics of Fluids equiogue

 Bernoulli’s Equation (A-C)
𝑉𝐴2 𝑃𝐴 𝑉𝐶2 𝑃𝐶
+ + 𝑧𝐴 + 𝐻𝐴 = + + 𝑧𝐶 + 𝐻𝐿𝐴 − 𝐶
2𝑔 ɣ 2𝑔 ɣ

Substituting values:

(−34)
0.209 + + 0 + 16.74 = 0.66 + 0 + (ℎ + 1.8) + 3
9.81
h = 8.02 m answer

• CE 34 – Mechanics of Fluids equiogue

 Turbine
a rotary mechanical
device that extracts
energy from fast moving
fluids and converts it into
useful work
• CE 34 – Mechanics of Fluids equiogue
Analyzing a problem involving a turbine will be very similar to that
with a pump, only that you consider the HE instead of the HA, also
the power computed using HE is Pinput for the turbine.

Bernoulli’s Energy Theorem:

with a turbine:
𝑉1 2 𝑃 1 𝑉22 𝑃2
+ + 𝑧1 = + + 𝑧2 + 𝐻𝐸 + 𝐻𝐿1 − 2
2𝑔 ɣ 2𝑔 ɣ
Turbine Power = Q ɣ HA
Poutput
Efficiency = x 100% Pinput for the turbine
Pinput
• CE 34 – Mechanics of Fluids equiogue