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INTRODUCTION

1.1 Theory

Heat and Temperature are two topics that

always come together but often confused. Temperature is
the measure of how hot or cold an object is. It’s is
measured by an apparatus called Thermometer, and other
devices such as Thermocouples (sensor that measure
temperature) and Pyrometers (remote-sensing
thermometer). Temperature is an intensive property and
commonly expressed in units of degree Celsius. Heat is a
form of energy and the SI unit is joule, in the CGS system,
the unit of heat is calorie. Calorie is defined as the amount
of heat required to raise temperature of one gram of water
by one Celsius. The specific heat is the amount heat of
energy required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of a
substance by one degree. Specifically, Specific heat of
metal can be calculated by the method the method of
mixtures wherein a known mass of metal at certain high
temperature is dropped into known mass of water at a low
of temperature. The resulting temperature of the metal-
water mixture is measured. The heat lost by the hit meal is
equated to the heat gained by water and calorimeter (an
instrument for measuring the heat of a reaction during
well-define process.)

The energy equation is

- Heat lost by metal = Heat gained by water and

calorimeter

Qmetal = Qwater + Qcalorimeter

-MmetalCmetalΔTmetal = MwaterCwaterΔTwater + McalCcalΔTca

where:

M = mass of an object

C = specific heat
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 ΔT = change in temperature

Q = heat transfer

1.2 Objectives

To get familiarize in using diffetent laboratory

apparatus such as thermometer, calorimeter, triple
beam balance, electric stove and etc.
To understand more about the concept or theory of
specific heat
To study and determine the specific heat of metals
(Aluminum cylinder and Brass cylinder

1.3 Apparatus / Equipment Used

Calorimeter & Stirrer - is a device Double Boiler - a cooking

used to measure the quantity of
heat transferred to or from an
object. Include a lid on the cup
with an inserted thermometer
and maybe even a stirrer.
utensil consisting of two
saucepans fitting together so
that the contents of the upper
can be cooked or heated by
boiling water in the lower

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Stove - is a source of heat or
electrical appliance use to heat a
substance for which absolute safety
is required while using
Triple Beam Balance - a single
pan, low form balance. The
balance has three notched
weighing beams with centre
indicating sliding masses, giving
total weighing capacity of 610g.
Use to measure mass precisely.

Thermometer – used to measure

the temperature of a substance.
The temperature in the laboratory
is usually measured in units of
degree Celsius (˚C).

Thread – used for Solid Aluminum &

tying the solid Brass cylinder – solid
cylinders once they metals with different
are in the boiler. chemical element
usually use in
laboratory experiment to
measure density and
more.

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1.4 Procedures
1. By the use of a triple beam balance, measure the mass of the
empty and dry inner vessel of the calorimeter, of solid cylinders and
of the stirrer.

2. Half fill the double boiler with water and heat. Tie each of solid
cylinders with the thread and put them in the double boiler but see
to it that the free ends of the threads are placed where it could easily
be picked up to retrieve the solid cylinders when necessary .

3. Half fill the calorimeter cup with cold water (about 10° lower than
the room temperature) and then find their total mass (cup of water).
Place the cup on the outer vessel of the calorimeter. Put the stirrer
then by the use of the thermometer take the temperature at the
initial equilibrium of the cup, water and stirrer. If the water in the
boiler is already boiling, pick up one of the solid cylinders and drop
it slowly into the cup. Stir and read the temperature of the final
thermal equilibrium of the cup, water, stirrer, and solid cylinder. The
initial temperature of the solid cylinder will be taken as 100°C which
boiling point of water at standard condition. By using the equation in
the method of mixtures solve for the specific heat of solid cylinder
.Solve also for the % error.

4. Repeat procedure 3 for the other cylinder.

5. If in any of the trials the error is more than 25% repeat the
experiment.

6. Fill up completely the table below.

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