Nama : Muhammad Riyanda Siahaan

Kelas : PMM-3 / Sem 4

Nim : 0305171017

Matkul : Persamaan Diferensial Elementer

REKAYASA IDE

𝑥 𝑥
𝑥
1. (1 + 2𝑒 𝑦 )= dx + 2𝑒 𝑦 (1 − 𝑦) 𝑑𝑦 = 0

Jawab :
𝑥
m( x, y) = 1+2𝑒 𝑦
𝑘𝑥
m (kx, ky)= 1+ 2𝑒 𝑘𝑦
𝑥
= 𝑘 ° ( 1 + 2𝑒 𝑦 )
𝑥
𝑥
N(x, y) = 2𝑒 𝑦 (1 − 𝑦 )
𝑘𝑥
𝑘𝑥
N(x, y) = 2𝑒 𝑘𝑦 (1 − 𝑘𝑦)
𝑥
𝑥
= 𝑘 ° (2𝑒 𝑦 (1 − 𝑦))

𝑥 𝑥
𝑥
(1 + 2𝑒 ) 𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑒 (1 − 𝑦) 𝑑𝑦 = 0 ( homogen)
𝑦 𝑦

Jadi
x = uy
dx= u dy + y du
subtitusi
(1 + 2𝑒 𝑢 )(𝑢 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦 𝑑𝑢) + 2𝑒 𝑢 (1 − 𝑢)𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑢 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦 𝑑𝑢 + 𝑢 2𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦 2𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 + 2𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑦 − 𝑢 2𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑢 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦 𝑑𝑢 + 𝑦2𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 + 2𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑦 = 0
(𝑢 + 2𝑒 𝑢 ) 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦(1 + 2𝑒 𝑢 )𝑑𝑢 = 0 : 𝑦(𝑢 + 2𝑒 𝑢 )
 1 1+2𝑒 𝑢
𝑑𝑦 + 𝑑𝑢 = 0
𝑦 𝑢+2𝑒 𝑢
1 1+2𝑒 𝑢
∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 + ∫ 𝑢+2𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝐶1
1+2𝑒 𝑢 𝑑(𝑢+2𝑒 𝑢 )
ln y + ∫ 𝑢+2𝑒 𝑢 = 𝐶1
1+2𝑒 𝑢

ln y + ln (𝑢 + 2𝑒 𝑢 ) = ln C
ln C = 𝐶1
𝑥
subtitusi 𝑢 = 𝑦
𝑥
𝑥
ln y + ln ( + 2𝑒 𝑦 ) = 𝐶
𝑦
𝑥
𝑥
ln (𝑦(𝑦 + 2𝑒 𝑦 )) = ln 𝐶
𝑥
𝑥 + 2𝑒 𝑦 = 𝐶

𝑑𝑦
2. ( x2 + y ) 𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑥𝑦
Jawab :
𝑑𝑦
( x2 + y ) 𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑥𝑦  dikalikan x dx

( x2 + y ) dy = 2xy dx

( x2 + y ) dy – y dx2 = 0

Substitusi ke u = x2

( u + y ) dy – y du = 0  dibagi u
𝑦 𝑦
= (1 + 𝑢) dy - 𝑢 = 0  Homogen

𝑦
Misal v = 𝑢 ↔ 𝑦 = 𝑢𝑣 → 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑢 𝑑𝑣 + 𝑣 𝑑𝑢 , substitusikan

( 1 + v ) ( u dv + v du ) – v du = 0

u dv + v du + vu dv + v2dv – v dv = 0

( 1 + v ) u dv + v2 dv = 0
1+𝑣 𝑑𝑢
= 𝑑𝑣 + =0
𝑣2 𝑢

1+𝑣 𝑑𝑢
=∫ dv + ∫ =c
𝑣2 𝑢
 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑢
= ∫ 𝑣 2 𝑑𝑣 + ∫ + ∫ =c
𝑣 𝑢

−1
= + ln 𝑣 + ln 𝑢 = 𝑐
𝑣

Substitusi y = uv dan u = x2
𝑢 𝑥2
𝑦 𝑦
=𝑐=𝑒 ↔𝑐= 𝑒 𝑦 𝑦

3. Selesaikan PD berikut :
(2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2) 𝑑𝑥 + (4𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 4)𝑑𝑦 = 0
Jawab :
𝑎 1 𝑏 1 𝑐 1
= ; = ; =
𝑝 2 𝑞 2 𝑟 2
Maka :
1
2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2 = ( 4𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 4)
2

Substitusi ke PD asal :

1
(4𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 4) = (4𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 4) 𝑑𝑦 = 0
2

1
𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑦 = 0
2

1
∫ 𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑦 = 0
2

1
𝑥+𝑦 =𝑐
2

1
𝑥+𝑦+𝑐 = 0
2