Mechanics of Materials I

ME 211

Dr. Mian Ashfaq Ali

Lecture 1
Course Title: Mechanics of Material I (ME 211)
Instructor: Dr. Mian Ashfaq Ali
Credit Hours: 3 hours
Contact Hours: 3 hours/ Week

Introduction: This The course covers introductory topics in mechanics of materials. The course is intended to
achieve the following aims:
• Calculate and understand the concepts of stress and strain.
• Calculate, describe, and estimate external loadings, including axial load, shear force, bending, and torsion,
and the resulting deformations and internal stresses associated with these external loadings.
• Calculate internal stresses and strains through the application of stress transformation equations and Mohr’s
circle

Home Assignments: Students own work should be presented. Copying is strongly discouraged.
Books:
• Mechanics of Materials, R. C. Hibbeler, (8th Edition, Prentice Hall, 2011)
• Mechanics of Materials, F. P. Beer & E. R. Johnston, (3rd SI Edition, McGraw-Hill Education 2009)

Attendance: Minimum 75%

Evaluation Criteria:
Projects / Assignments / Presentations 10%
Quizzes 10 %
2 x OHT 30%
Final Exam 50 %
 WHAT IS MECHANICS??

• Study of what happens to a “thing” (the technical name is “body”) when

FORCES are applied to it. The body could be at rest or in motion.
Body:?
• Either the body or the forces could be large or small. Rigid
Deformable
History Compressible
287-212 B.C Archimedes Incompressible
Principle of lever
 BRANCHES OF MECHANICS
Things that do
Mechanics change shape when
forces are applied
Things that do not Solid Mechanics
change shape when
forces are applied

Rigid Bodies Deformable Bodies Fluids

Compressible
Statics Dynamics Stress Analysis Incompressible Flow
Flow
 Concept of Mechanics of Materials

• The main objective of the study of mechanics of

materials is to provide the future engineer with the
means of analyzing and designing various machines and
load bearing structures.

• Both the analysis and design of a given structure involve

the determination of stresses and deformations.

1-5
Review of Statics

• The structure is designed to

support a 30 kN load
• The structure consists of a
boom and rod joined by pins
(zero moment connections) at
the junctions and supports
• Perform a static analysis to
determine the internal force in
each structural member and
the reaction forces at the
supports

1-7
Structure Free-Body Diagram

• Structure is detached from supports

and the loads and reaction forces are
indicated
• Conditions for static equilibrium:
 M C  0  Ax 0.6 m   30 kN 0.8 m 
Ax  40 kN
 Fx  0 Ax  C x
C x   Ax  40 kN
 Fy  0  Ay  C y  30 kN  0
Ay  C y  30 kN

• Ay and Cy can not be determined from

these equations

1-8
Method of Joints
• The boom and rod are 2-force members,
i.e., the members are subjected to only two
forces which are applied at member ends

• For equilibrium, the forces must be parallel

to to an axis between the force application
points, equal in magnitude, and in opposite
directions

• Joints must satisfy the conditions for static

equilibrium which may be expressed in the
form of a force triangle:

 B 0
F
FAB FBC 30 kN
 
4 5 3
FAB  40 kN FBC  50 kN

1 - 10
 Geometric Properties
 Centroid
 First moment of area
 Moment of inertia
 Polar Moment of inertia
 Radius of Gyration
 Center of Gravity
 In mechanics center of gravity usually coincides with center
of mass
 The weight of a body is the sum of the weights of its
constituent particles
 The weight of a body acts vertically downwards (towards
the source of the gravitational field) through a fixed point in
the body called the center of gravity
 The center of gravity is independent of the orientation of the
body
Center of Gravity of a set of Particles in a Plane
Center of Gravity of a set of Particles in a Plane
 Center of Gravity of a set of Particles in a Plane
 Using the principle of balancing moments:
 (S m ) x = S (mi xi)
 (S m ) y = S (mi yi)
 (S m ) r = S (mi ri)
 Example
 Consider an example of 3 particles lying in a plane:
 m1 = 2 kg; x1 = 2, y1 = 3 ; r1 = 2i + 3j
 m2 = 5 kg; x2 = 3, y2 = -1 ; r2 = 3i - j
 m3 = 3 kg ; x3 = -2, y3 = 5 ; r3 = -2i + 5j
• (S m ) r = S (mi ri)
 r = (13i + 16j)/10
 Composite Bodies
 For bodies made up of standard parts of known weights and
centers of gravity, the principle of moments can be used in
the same way as in the set of particles
 The center of gravity of a uniform body lies on each line of
symmetry that the body possesses
 Squares, Rectangles etc
 Centroid of an Area
Also known as the center of gravity or center of mass if you’re
dealing with a 3-D object.

The centroid is a point where you could suspend a body with a

string and the body would not have a tendency to rotate.
The symbol for the centroid is

For areas that have symmetry around an axis, the centroid is

located on that axis.
 Centroid of an Area
For a triangle the centroid is located closer to the base.

h = height of triangle
h

h/3
For areas that don’t have symmetry the location of the centroid can be
calculated by dividing the area up into simple geometric shapes. The
location of the centroid has coordinates of X and Y.
A3

X
= A1 A2
Y
 Centroid of an Area

X3
A3
Y
 A *y
i i
X
 A *x
i i

A i A i

A1 Y3

X2
A2
A1 * x1  A2 * x 2  A3 * x 3
X1
Y2 X
A1  A2  A3
Y1

or
A1 * y1  A2 * y 2  A3 * y 3
Y
A1  A2  A3