DTS-I ENGINE AND DTS-SI ENGINE

TECHNOLOGY

A SEMINAR REPORT

Submitted by

SUMIT KUMAR (CSJMA15001390274)

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Er. Vikas Katiyar

in partial fulfilment for the award of the degree

of

Bachelor of Technology

in

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

University Institute of Engineering and Technology, CSJM University,

Kanpur. – 208024
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to place on record my deep sense of gratitude to Er. Vikas Katiyar, Dept.
of Mechanical Engineering, U.I.E.T. CSJM UNIVERSITY KANPUR, India for his
generous guidance, help and useful suggestions.

I express my sincere gratitude to Er. Mukesh Kumar Verma, Dept. Of Mechanical

Engineering, U.I.E.T. CSJM UNIVERSITY KANPUR, India, for his stimulating guidance,
continuous encouragement and supervision throughout the course of present work.

I also wish to extend my thanks to Er. Arpit Srivastava, Er. Yastuti Gautam and other
colleagues for attending my seminars and for their insightful comments and constructive
suggestions to improve the quality of this research work.

Sumit kumar
Roll No. CSJMA15001390274
 ABSTRACT

It is very interesting to know about complete combustion in automobile engineering,

because in actual practice, perfect combustion is not at all possible due to various losses
in the combustion chamber as well as design of the internal combustion engine. Moreover,
the process of burning of the fuel is also not instantaneous. However, an alternate solution
to it is by making the combustion of fuel as fast as possible. This can be done by using two
spark plugs which spark alternatively at a certain time interval so as increase the diameter
of the flame & burn the fuel instantaneously. This system is called DTSI (Digital Spark
Ignition system). In this system, due to twin sparks, combustion will be complete. This
paper represents the working of digital twin spark ignition system, how twin sparks are
produced at 20,000 Volts, their timings, efficiency, advantages & disadvantages, diameter
of the flame, how complete combustion is possible & how to decrease smoke & exhausts
from the exhaust pipe of the bike using Twin Spark System.
There is some advance technology used in DTS-I engine which makes it more powerful
than the conventional single sparkplug 4-stroke engine like

1. Trics III technology (Throttle Responsive Ignition Control System 3rd generation)

2. CDI technology
 List of Contents

Acknowledgement i
Abstract ii
List of Figure iii

Chapter -1 1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 About the DTSi technology 2

Chapter -2 2.1 Detonation in DTSi engine 3

2.2 Main characteristics 4
2.3 Constructional detail 5
2.4 Fuel feed 6

Chapter -3 3.1 Valve drive 7

3.2 Working principle 9
3.3 Ignition with ECU (electronic control unit) 11
3.4 Trics III technology 12
3.5 Spark plug 13
3.6 Working of DTSi engine 13
3.7 Internal process 13

Chapter -4 4.1 Combustion without using DTSi technology 15

4.2 Combustion process with DTSi technology 16

Advantages 17
Disadvantages 18
Conclusion 19
Applications 20
References 22
 List of Figure

Figure No. Title Page No.

Fig. 2.1 Detonation in DTSi engine 3

Fig. 3.1 Valve system 7
Fig. 3.2 Sectional view of valve system 7
Fig. 3.3 Twin spark engine 9
Fig. 3.4 Working principle of DTSi engine 10
Fig. 3.5 Heart of the DTSi technology (ECU) 11
Fig. 3.6 Two spark plugs in DTSi engine 12
Fig. 3.7 Internal process in DTSi engine 14
Fig. 4.1 Without DTSi technology 15
Fig. 4.2 With DTSi technology 16
Fig. 4.3 Combustion takes place in both conventional and DTSi engine 17
 CHAPTER 1

1.1 INTRODUCTION
Everyone might have heard of the motorcycles powered by DTS-I and DTS-SI
technology. So here is a quick look at what this technology is and if it is better than the
technologies used in a normal (non-DTSI) powered bikes.

DTS-I stands for Digital twin spark ignition.

The technology is currently used in Bajaj motorcycles in India because they have patent
rights. Before understanding DTSi technology, let’s understand why this technology is
developed. Especially in internal combustion, which stroke is a main and effective stroke
of an engine? Obviously, everyone is wondering about all the four strokes and started
jumbling to find the better answer. Let’s come to one point if the burning of the air-fuel
mixer would happen well then more power will be produced in the combustion chamber.
So, in which stroke combustion of fuel takes place? It is at the end of compression stroke
that means it is a power stroke or expansion stroke which is started via spark plug and it
is effective among the other three strokes available. By improving the power stroke may
change the entire scenario of an engine performance. Bajaj Auto Ltd has done some
R&D on the power stroke and invented a new technology named as DTSI (Digital Twin
Spark Ignition). In this technology, it uses two spark plug for the combustion of fuel
within the engine cylinder. The use of two spark plug increase the burning efficiency of
the fuel and produces more power with less amount of fuel.

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1.2 ABOUT THE DTS-I TECHNOLOGY

In a conventional combustion chamber with single-spark-plug, the rate of burning of the

air-fuel mixture is relatively slower. The spark plug is normally located at one end of the
combustion chamber. When it ignites the air-fuel mixture, its flame spreads just like a
slowly inflating ball. It results in some delay for this fireball to reach the farthest point of
the combustion chamber. So, this creates some areas of poor combustion inside the
combustion chamber. Hence, generally, this results in slower and inefficient combustion.

This technology helps in saving fuel and improves the engine performance. Bajaj developed
the Digital Twin Spark ignition (DTSi) technology and incorporated it in many of its
current engines. This technology is patented by Bajaj Auto and implemented in its Avenger
& Pulsar models.

As claimed by Bajaj Auto, Digital Twin Spark Ignition uses two spark-plugs to ignite the
air-fuel mixture at the same time in the Twin-Spark technology. This simultaneous firing
of the spark along-with the swirl created in the air-fuel mixture results in complete burning
of fuel. This action is controlled (electronically) by the Digital Twin Spark Ignition system.

The DTS-i not only takes care of the slow rate of combustion but also improves it further.
The DTS-i engine has two spark plugs, in place of the typical one. These twin spark-plugs
generate two sparks at opposite ends of the combustion chamber which is approximately
90° to the valve axis. Thus, the air-fuel mixture ignites in such a way that creates two fronts
the flame. Thus, it results in a reduction in flame travel to up to 40 percent. This leads to
faster combustion which raises the combustion pressure rapidly. Ultimately, it helps the
engine deliver more torque, better fuel efficiency, lower emissions and smooth functioning
of the engine.

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 CHAPTER 2

2.1 DETONATION IN DTS-I ENGINE

Fig.2.1 Detonation in DTSi engine

Detonation is the main problem in petrol engine .it occurs when the flame travel time from
the centre to the side walls increases. It happens often by using a single spark plug in an
internal combustion engine.

And this is overcome by the DTS-I Technology having two spark plugs on the opposite
sides which reduces the flame travel distance. Hence there is no detonation takes place
inside the engine.

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 2.2 MAIN CHARACTERISTICS

 Digital electronic ignition with two plugs per cylinder and two ignition
distributors;

 Twin overhead cams with camshaft timing variation;

 Injection fuel feed with integrated electronic twin spark ignition;
 A high specific power;
 Compact design and Superior balance;
This power unit, equipping the naturally aspirated 2-litre used on the Alfa 164, is a
direct dilative of the engine fitted on the 2.0 Twin Spark version of the Alfa 75, a
recent addition to the Alfa car range. It includes a number of exclusive engineering
solutions resulting in superior power output and exceptional peak torque for this
cylinder capacity. Its main characteristics are:

 Digital electronic ignition with two plugs per cylinder and two ignition
distributors

 Twin overhead cams with camshaft timing variation

 Injection fuel feed with integrated electronic twin spark ignition

Cylinder capacity amounts to 1,962 cc thanks to an 84 mm bore and 88.5 mm stroke

with the Compression ratio 10: 1.

Maximum power output at 5,800 rpm is a remarkable 148 BHP DIN, while maximum
torque, of 19 m kg DIN, is reached at 4,000 rpm. The shape of the torque curve has
been perfected to make available fully 16 m kg when revving speed reaches 2,000 rpm
and 18 m kg as early as 3,000 rpm, thus making the engine's performance much more
responsive.

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2.3 CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILES

The construction of DTS-i engine is same as that of the conventional 4Stroke engine.
It consists of following parts:

• Piston

• Cylinder

• Crankshaft

• Connecting rod

• Fly wheel

• Carburettor

• 2-sparkplug

• 2-valves

Here the only change made is that the 2 sparkplug placed at the two opposite end of the
combustion chamber at 90 degrees to each other.

Digital spark technology is currently used in Bajaj motor cycles in India, because they
have the patent right. Digital twin spark ignition technology powered engine has two
spark plugs. It is located at opposite sides of combustion chamber. This DTS-I
technology will have greater combustion rate because of twin spark plug located around
it. The engine combust fuel at double rate than normal. This enhances both engine life
and fuel efficiency. It is mapped by the digital electronic control box which also handles
fuel ignition and valve timing.

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A microprocessor continuously senses speed and load of the engine and respond by
altering the ignition timing there by optimizing power and fuel economy.

2.4 FUEL FEED

The Alfa 164 T. Spark power plant is equipped with the ML 4.1 Bosch Motoric multi-
point injection system, controlled by the same microprocessor which governs the twin
spark ignition and variable valve timing Systems.

The excellent volumetric efficiency of the Twin Spark engine is also enhanced by the
special straight section individual intake man folding that cuts down losses and fully
exploits intake resonance for better mid-range torque.

Having all thermodynamic cycle components under the wings of a single electronic control
unit means that the power plant used on the Alfa 1 64 T. Spark can guarantee-in addition
to outstanding torque and power figures-regular, smooth running at all speeds regardless of
load. Moreover, this engine features particularly attractive specific fuel economy compared
with rival naturally aspirated units in the same displacement class (with savings of up to
20- 25%).

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 CHAPTER 3

3.1 VALVE DRIVE

The twin overhead cams, driven by a double chain, act directly on the valves set in a
tight Vee configuration (46o).

Fig.3.1 Valve system Fig.3.2 Sectional view of valve system

The timing of the valve train is not fixed as in most present day engines, but can be
adjusted by a patented device conceived and produced by Alfa Romeo, the timing
variation.

This is an electro-hydraulic actuator keyed onto the gear that drives the camshaft acting
on the intake valves. This actuator enables the camshaft to be shifted into two different
angular positions and to modify the intake valve opening durations. Its operation is
controlled by the electronic control box of the integrated ignition and fuel injection
system.

7
Valve timing actuator logic is predetermined so that overlap - i.e. that fraction of the
engine’s operating cycle when both the exhaust and the intake valves are open
simultaneously – is shorter at low revs and with lighter loads, and longer at higher
engine speeds when extra power is required.

 At high and medium-high engine speeds or whenever additional power has to

be provided (normal timing) cylinder filling is optimal, maximizing power
output and torque

 At low and medium-low revs and lighter loads (delayed timing), fluctuation-
free operation is ensured combined with a reduction in specific consumption.

 At all engine speeds, noxious emissions are minimized.

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3.2 WORKING PRINCIPLE

The working of DTS-i engine is very similar to 4-stroke engine but here the only
modification done is we are using two spark plug at two ends of the combustion chamber.

Fig.3.3 Twin spark engine

Digital Twin Spark ignition engine has two Spark plugs located at opposite ends of the
combustion chamber and hence fast and efficient combustion is obtained.

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 Fig.3.4 Working Principle of DTS-I Engine

It works on the principle of twin spark produced by the two spark plugs. As compared
with the single spark fired engines, in twin spark engines the combustion of the air-
fuel mixture takes place at optimal level and it produces more power. Because of the
use of twin spark plug, the spark produced is more which burns the fuel more
efficiently and rapidly. It results in increase of mileage, power and less emission of
exhaust gases. The DTSi engine produces 26% more power as compared with
conventional single spark engines of same capacity.

The ignition system on the Twin spark is a digital system with static spark advance
and no moving parts subject to wear. It is mapped by the integrated digital electronic
control box which also handles fuel injection and valve timing. It features two plugs
per cylinder. They are Digitally controlled by Electronic Control Unit (ECU).

There is some advance technology used in DTS-i engine which makes it more powerful
than the conventional single sparkplug 4-stroke engine like 1. ECU technology 2. TRICS
iii technology.

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3.3 IGNITION WITH ECU- (Electronic Control Unit)

It is a heart of the DTS-I. ECU consist microprocessor chip with pre-programmed data of
Ignition Timings for various engine rpm and engine loads. It controls the firing of spark
plugs as per the requirement. Working together with the TRICSIII system, it delivers
Optimum Ignition Timing for varying load conditions.

Fig.3.5 Heart of the DTSi technology(ECU)

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3.4 TRICS III TECHNOLOGY-

Throttle Responsive Ignition Control System IIIrd generation. It is a means of controlling

the Ignition by operating the Throttle. Depending on the needs of the Rider whether it be
cruising, acceleration or max speed, the ignition requirements constantly change. Based on
a particular amount of Throttle opening, the Magnetic field generated by the Magnet opens
or closes the Reed switch. The Reed switch is connected to the Digital CDI, which signals
the CDI to change/switch, the desired Ignition Advance Timing Maps. This helps in
achieving a good balance between driveability and Optimum Ignition Spark advance,
resulting in an almost perfect Ignition Spark advance for every Throttle opening and Engine
rpm.

Fig.3.6 Two spark plugs in DTSi engine

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3.5 SPARK PLUG-

It is a small device placed upon the cylinder head. In DTSi engine two spark plugs are used
for the combustion of fuel. It is an initiator of the power stroke. The electrical energy (High
Voltage) transmitted through it and creates a spark in the combustion chamber. Spark plug
usually requires a voltage of 12,000-25,000 volt to produce spark.

3.6 WORKING OF DTSi ENGINE-

First of all, it is a technology in which two spark plugs are used. DTS-I stands for Digital
Twin spark ignition. Basically, it has two spark plugs at the opposite end of engine cylinder
head in 90 degrees; instead of one spark plug which is common in a conventional engine.
Two spark plugs produces the spark during the power stroke according to input
requirement.

According to engine load, RPM and at low-high speed the ECU sends the low and high-
frequency pulses to spark plug to perform as per situations. Spark timing of these two spark
plugs is controlled digitally. DTS-I engines are known for efficient burning of air-fuel
mixer at right time.

3.7 INTERNAL PROCESS-

The conventional engine equipped with only one spark plug. After suction of air-fuel mixer
piston can move BDC to TDC, it is called compression. At the end of compression stroke
piston will be at TDC and before starting of power stroke compressed air-fuel mixer get
spark via spark plug and burnt. Burnt fuel produces the energy which pushes the piston
down side. With single spark plug produced flame diameter is less which take more time
to reach other portion, it means the rate of combustion is slow (from top to bottom in the
combustion chamber). But, dual spark plug can overcome this issue and create larger
diameter flame which can burn the complete air-fuel mixer uniformly and quickly in very
less time. Due to this reason force upon the piston would be great which leads to better
work output.

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Fig.3.7 Internal process in DTSi engine

14
 CHAPTER 4

4.1 COMBUSTION WITHOUT USING DTSi TECHNOLOGY

 The spark plug ignites the air -fuel mixture and flame continuously spreads.
 There is delayed to reach the furthest part of the combustion chamber.
 There is some non-combusted fuel within the chamber and, overall, the
combustion is slow and inefficient.

 In simple words, the air and fuel mixture does not burn completely

Fig.4.1 Without DTSi technology

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4.2 COMBUSTION PROCESS WITH DTSi TECHNOLOGY

 The twin spark plugs are fixed to the cylinder head maintaining an angle about
90 degrees to valve axis.
 The air -fuel mixture gets ignited in a way that creates two flame fronts.
 Therefore, a reduction in a flame travel of the order of 40 % is achieved.
 Hence we can say that, the outcome of this is more torque, better fuel efficiency
and lower emission.

Fig.4.2 With DTSi technology

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 Fig.4.3 Combustion takes place in both conventional and DTSi engine

ADVANTAGES –
1. Detonation can be reduced: DTSI engine cannot frequently undergo detonation because
complete combustion of air-fuel will not create any disturbance between piston and wall.
2. Better fuel efficiency.
3. Less emission of exhaust gases.
4. Less vibrations and noise due to smooth function.
5. Engine breathing performance is easy even at high rpm.
6. No overheating issue.
7. Complete combustion, No unburnt issue.
8. Fast engine response even in winter and cold condition (Two spark plug).
9. Long life of the engine parts such as piston rings and valve system.
10. Decrease in the specific fuel consumption.
11. Increase the thermal efficiency of the engine & even bear high loads on it.

17
 DISADVANTAGES –
1. Expensive.
2. Replacement of both spark plug even one is damage (Reason is series in connection, but
parallel connection could not be achieved high voltage).
3. Complex in design.
4. There is a high NOx emission.

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 CONCLUSION
Hence it can be concluded that the application of these technologies in the present day
automobiles will give the present generation what they want i.e. power bikes with fuel
efficiency. Since these technologies also minimize the fuel consumption and harmful
emission levels, they can also be considered as one of the solutions for increasing fuel
costs and increasing effect of global warming.

From this paper I have concluded that perfect Combustion in Internal Combustion
engine is not possible. So for the instantaneous burning of fuels in I.C. engine twin
spark system can be used which producing twin sparks at regular interval can help to
complete the combustion.

Pulsar RS200 DTSI Engine used

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 APPLICATIONS
It uses in automotive engines. In India Bajaj has patented for DTSi-i technology. At present
platina, xcd125, 135, discover150, pulsar135, 150, 180, 200, 220 etc. are using the DTS-i
(digital twin spark ignition system). Which means the petrol enters into the cylinder burns
more efficiently.

Pulsar Ns 200 DTSi Engine used

20
 Pulsar RS 200

Hence the application of these technologies in the present day automobiles will give the
present generation what they want i.e. power bikes with fuel efficiency. Since these
technologies also minimize the fuel consumption and harmful emission levels, they can
also be considered as one of the solutions for increasing fuel costs and increasing effect of
global warming

The perfect Combustion in Internal Combustion engine is not possible. So for the
instantaneous burning of fuels in I.C. engine twin spark system can be used which
producing twin sparks at regular interval can help to complete the combustion.

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 REFERENCES

 Kouremenos D. A. and Hountalas D. T. Development and validation of a

detailed fuel injection system simulation model for DTSi engines. SAE
Technical Papers, 01(0527), 1999.
 Alabastri E., L. Magni, S. Ozioso, R. Scattolini, C. Siviero, and A. Zambelli.
Modeling, analysis and simulation of a digital twin spark injection system. In
Proceedings of the I First IFAC Symposium on Advances in Automotive
Control, 2004.
 http://dtsi-si-fi.blogspot.in/2012/03/dtsi-engine.html
 https://carbiketech.com/dtsi/
 http://www.mechanicalbooster.com/2017/08/dtsi-engine.html
 https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/#inbox/162c5e41bac169c7?projector=1&messag
ePartId=0.1

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