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Ferranti Effect Practical PDF
Ferranti Effect Practical PDF
2. Theory:
Under no load conditions receiving end voltage is more than that of sending end
voltage. This phenomenon is known as Ferranti effect. This effect becomes more pronounced
as the line length increases. A general explanation is as below:
The equation for the voltage at the point which is at a distance of x from the
receiving end of the transmission line is as
Where Zc is characteristic Impedance of the line and γ is called the propagation constant.
γ =α+jβ;
The above equation shows that at l=0 , the incident (E i0) and reflected (Er0)
voltage waves are both equal to VR/2. With reference to fig .a, as l increases, the incident
voltage wave increases exponentially in magnitude 0.5VR eαl and turns through a positive
angle βl (represented by phasor OB); while the reflected voltage wave decreases in
magnitude exponentially 0.5VR e-αl and turns through a negative angle βl (represented by
phasor OC). From the geometry of the figure , it is known that the sending end voltage VS is
such that |VR|>|VS|.
Here
Thus
ii. At the sending end side, there are digital voltmeter, ammeter and power analyzer
for measurement purposes. A transformer tap changer is present for adjusting the
input voltage level. Supply is given to the source through auto-transformer. A
circuit breaker is present that isolates the source from transmission line model.
iii. The electric power transmission line training kit is designed as a 3 phase medium
length transmission line of 180 km. it is divided into 6 identical pi-models, each
section being 30 km long. In each pi-model, lumped capacitor is divided in two
equal sections.
iv. At the receiving end side, there are digital voltmeter, ammeter and power analyzer
for measurement purposes. A transformer tap changer is present for adjusting the
output voltage level. A circuit breaker is present that isolates the transmission line
model from load.
vi. The transmission line kit can tolerate maximum current of 2 A. Hence care should
be taken to keep the current within limits while operating the kit.
3. Procedure:
1) Set up the transmission line training kit
4) With the help of multimeter ,measure the voltage after every 30km upto full distance
of 180km
5) Values of resistance, inductance and capacitance are predefined standard values for
this experiment
5. Calculations:
a. Calculate the value of voltage at receiving end after every 30 km.
6. Observation Table:
For Vs = ____ V
7. Conclusion: Write appropriate conclusion based on the rise in voltage as per the
increase in line length.