Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

Rationale of the Project

Transplantation is known to be a best therapy for a terminal and irreversible

organ failure. A heart, kidney and lungs (HKL) center is a place where it aims to

improve the life expentancy of a patient. It specifically focuses on providing an excellent

result to the youth and adults for a development of a better clinical condition that

contributes to the survival of a patient where also, holistic process is to be followed for

the patient’s welfare.

According to Dr. Criselda Abesamis, the mortality rate are due to renal, cardiac

and/or pulmonary causes, and based on Philippine Statistics, the prevalence rate of

death increases, significantly.

“Holistic process of healing held in a hospital helps in strengthening and quicken

the therapeutic procedure. This reminds patients of their purpose of life and happiness

helping for faster recovery.” - Ventegodt, Isack Kandel, Joav Merrick’s “Principles of

holistic Medicine: Quality of life and health.

At the capital of Mandaue City, being one of the three highly urbanized cities on

Cebu island, will lie a center where it will provide treatments to the lives of patients

affected by end stage organ disease where also, holistic process is to be followed for

the patient’s welfare.

Background of the Proposed Building

Initiated and propelled by the City Government of Mandaue, a HKL center is to

be design to accommodate patients with kidney, lung and heart diseases which are the

leading cause of sickness and death in the Philippines according to the national health

facility development director of the Department of Health (DOH), Dr. Criselda Abesamis.

According to Section 701 of The National Building Code of the Philippines, the HKL

center is classified under Group D- Institutonal, Division D- 2 in terms of use/ character

of occupancy of building, and both being General Institutional in terms of zoning

classification. In addition, the project site was yet to be identified by the designers being

that the lot must be located within the inner- city or infill urban fabric of Mandaue City.
THE PROBLEM

Statement of the Problem

The City of Mandaue, having 326,0654 people and have had 1,325 deaths on the

year 2014 (Based on the Philippine Statistics), aims to minimize the rate of death in the

city. Due to lack of facilities and financial incapacity, mostly Mandauenons, go to Cebu

proper or other cities to be treated. Chong Hua Hospital and UC Med Hospital are

names of an institution in Cebu province, that have been erected to aid in reducing the

mortality rate.

The research aims to saturate key concepts and theories, including the Holistic

Process of Healing and the Zung Fu Organ Theory, that can effectively aid

apprehending and creating solutions that can effectively design and plan a HKL center

in Mandaue City.

In order to do so, the proponents have to discuss the following sub-problems:

1. How can the principles and theories of design be integrated into the project?

a. Holistic Process of Healing

b. Zung Fu Organ Theory

c. Healing Architecture

d. Urban Design Fundamentals

e. Environmental Principles

f. Tropical Design Principles and Passive Cooling

g. Circulation Principles
2. What are the Codes and Standards applicable?

a. National Building Code of the Philippines

b. PWD Considerations

3. What are the requirements of the project?

a. Study on Precedent Buildings

b. Identify Functions

c. Activities of a Kidney Center

d. Activities of a Lung Center

e. Activities of a Heart Center

f. Space Requirements and Areas

4. Who are the users of the project?

a. Primary users

b. Secondary users

c. Operational users

5. How can the Theory-based Design Strategy be used in the project?

a. Procedure of Theory- based Design Strategy

b. Application of Theory- based Design Strategy

c. Case Studies and Examples

Significance of the Project

Aside from the typical hospital setting where functionality, purpose and convenience

are the main considerations, many hospitals in the world not only consider the scientific

process of healing diseases, but have also been considering the holistic process as

well, integrating in its architecture and environment.

In relation to Architecture to the medical side, this research aims to saturate the

key concepts and theories such as the Holistic Process of Healing and the Zung Fu

Organ Theory, that can effectively aid, apprehend and create solutions to the problems

occurring in a HKL center. This study would be beneficial in planning and designing a

permanent center within the inner-city or infill urban fabric of Mandaue City that can

adequately cater the needs of all the users from the island of Cebu and effectively

accommodate the recovery of patients using healing architecture.

Proposing a kidney, lung and heart center will be beneficial to:

(a.) the Cebu Island, giving them a place where they can seek recovery of renal,

cardiac and/or pulmonary causes

(b.) the Mandaue City, providing additional medical facility for HKL patients

(c.) the Mandauenons, to save their time and expenses from travelling to other places

for treatments

(d.) Probability of lower mortality rate in the city

(e.) Philippine economy, creating job opportunities, generating income for professionals
Research Methodology

This covers the research locale, research design, respondents of the stydy,

research instrument and the statistical treatment of data.

1.1 Research Locale

The chosen research location for this methodology is in the City of Mandaue.

We are going to propose a study about a heart, kidney and lungs transplantation center

on how it creates a community where people would not be intimidated, a design where it

promotes interactivity in people’s experience and on how it relates to urban planning.

1.2 Research Design

Methods such as survey research design will be used in conducting a study

to understand each person’s desire and on how they want the center to be because it is

best served to answer the questions and the purposes of the study. The survey method

will be the one to extract datas about the different principles and theories of design

integrated into the project; the codes and standards applicable; the design requirements

of the proposal; the users; and the strategy used in design. In other words, gathering

and analyzing data and informations on to the different categories of users will be used

to generalize and to know the benefits which leads to creating a schematic design for

the proposal.

1.3 Research Instrument

The respondents of the research are basically the patients, doctors and

employees working from the hospitals. This is to extract informations about the
population of patients a hospital has, in a day. This will help us in providing a sampling

technique to determine the number of respondents.

1.4 Research Instrument

Interviews from people and questionnaires will be provided to better understand

the informations for the said proposal. This will help us validate the opinions of people

on how they handle their work every day.

1.5 Statistical Treatment and Data Coding

A statistical test will be conducted to determine the number of patients to be

handled and the number of workers that will be using the proposed building.

Scope and Parameters of the Study

The research includes a literature review extracted from journals, books, articles, et

al that can help in the design process. The proposal should be placed somewhere with

in Mandaue City.

Flow of Research Process

To further follow through the project, we are to cover up the procedures we wish

to achieve in our research, to be able to study and gather the data and determine every

problem needed to be addressed, giving light to the appropriate solution to our project.
 This would be through, undergoing the process of selecting and studying the site

and how the location can affect its surroundings to further understand the conditions

and factors for consideration in the implementation of this project; after the data has

been gathered, thorough analysis and synthesis of the data shall be performed to set

the standards of our study that would best address the needs being pointed out in our

research; and finally to be able to work on the actual project with the constraints

established and the grounds of the project we are to work on.

INPUT
RESEARCH LOCALE
MORTALITY RATE BY:
CAUSES
SOCIAL
DEMOGRAPHICS AGE
GROUP
TABLE 1.1
SEX
SOLAR ORIENTATION

CLIMATE FACTORS WIND

SOIL
WATER DRAIN

THROUGHPUT
DIRECT OBSERVATION
MAPPING
INTERVIEWS
HOSPITAL BACKGROUND TABLE 1.2

THEORY OF HEALING
ZUNG FE ORGAN
NBCP
Z.L.U.P.
 OUTPUT
SITE URBAN DESIGN
PLAN
DESIGN

ARCHITECTURAL CONSTRUCTION
IMPLEMENTATION
TABLE 1.3
DOCUMENTATION
CONCEPTUAL DRAWINGS
STRUCTURAL DESIGN
UTILITY DESIGN
SECURITY AND AUXILIARY

Definition of Terms

“Kahupayan” - Visayan word for recovery/relief

“Kaayuhan” - Visayan word for cure

“Pag- alim” -Visayan word for healing