CASIO fx-4500PA

Section 1 Configuration and Operation

Section 2 Manual Calculations
Section 3 Integration Calculation
Section 4 Program Calculation
PROGRAM LIBRARY
 r
~
~
Introduction
Thank you for purchasing the Casio fx-4500PA.
This unit is an advanced programmable scientific calculator which features a 2-tier dis-
play capable of displaying both formulas and results at the same time. The upper display
features a 12-character dot matrix display capable of alphabetic and numeric display.
The fx-4500PA also features a large-volume program memory, and is capable of per-
forming integration calculations. A built-in formula memory is handy when performing
repeat calculations, and manual calculations can be easily performed by following writ-
ten formulas.
Before using this unit, be sure to read these instructions thoroughly. When you're finished
reading these instructions, be sure to keep this manual where you can refer to it often.

This manual is composed of four sections:

1. Configuration and Operation
2. Manual Calculations
3. Integration Calculation
4. Program Calculation
Section 1 should be read first to become familiar with the nomenclature, handling and
cautions concerning this unit.
Section 2, 3 and 4 can then be read in order to master these types of computations
through samples and explanations.

•The contents of this manual are subject to change without notice.

•No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form without the express written
consent of the manufacturer.
•The manufacturer assumes no responsibility for claims from third parties for loss or
damages arising through the use of this calculator or manual.
•The manufacturer assumes no responsibility for any loss or damages arising from
loss of data and/or formulas incurred while using this calculator or manual. _,,

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l

Section 1 Configuration and Operation
~~:a~~'.~.~~. : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :
Manual calculation modes ......................... ·· · ·· ·· ·· ·· ·· ·· ·· · ·· ··· · · ·· · ·· · ·· · ·· ·· ·· · ·· ·· ·· ·· ·· ·· 9
Di~~f~;~~~;~:LL ) j~
Handling Precautions .............................................................................. 14
Power and Battery Replacement ......................................... ····· ··········· 15
Replacing batteries ................................................. ·············· ························ 15
To replace the memory backup battery ........................................................ 15
:~t~e~~::r~~F;~~n:i~~~e~~.. ·.·.·.·.::·.::·.:·.:·.:·.:·.·.::·.:·.:·.:·.:·.:::·.·.:·.:·.:·.::·.:·.::·.::·.:::::·.:·.::·.:·.:::·.:·.:·.: ~~
Nomenclature and Functions ............................................................... 1s
Before beginning calculations .... ........................................................ 27
Calculation priority sequence ................................... · ·· ·· ·· ·· · ·· · · · ·· ·· · ·· ·· ·· · ·· ··· ·· ·· · 27
Number of stacks ......................................................................................... 28
Number of input/output digits and calculation digits ..................................... 28
Overflow and errors ·····························································:::::::::::::::::::::::::
Number of input characters ................................................ .
~~
Corrections ............................................................................................ ~
Section 2 Manual Calculations
Ba::i~h~::i~~~~~~i~~s ··.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·. ~:
::~~:~~::~ ~;~~l~t~~~= .:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::~::::_::_:::::::::::::;:::::::
Specifying the number of decimal places, the number of s1gnif1cant d1g1ts
and the exponent display ................................. ·· ·· ·· ·· ·· · ·· · · ·· · ·· · ·· ·· ·· ·· · ·· ·· ··· ·· · 37
M~~g:~:~:~~~ i ~
. Writing programs .......................................................................................... 92
(2) Independent memories ........................... · ·· ·· ·· · ·· ·· ·· · ··· · ·· · · ·· · ·· · ·· ·· ·· ·· · ·· ··· ·· ·· ·· 44
Sp:n~:!rf~~~~~~~..:·.::·.:·.:::·.:·.::·.·.:::·.::·.:::::::::::·.::::::::::·.::::::·.::::::::::::::::·.::::::·.::::::::: ::
Omitting the multiplication sign ( x) .............................................................. 46
Continuous calculation function .................................................................... 47
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Replay function ............................................................................................. 48
Error position display function ....................................................................... 49
Multistatement function ................................................................................. 50
Scientific function calculations ........................................................... 52
Trigonometric functions and inverse trigonometric functions ......................... 52
Logarithmic and exponential functions .......................................................... 53
Performing hyperbolic and inverse hyperbolic functions ............................... 54
Coordinate transformation ............................................................................. 55
Permutation and combination ....................................................................... 56
Other functions (.../, x 2 , x- 1 , x!, V, Ran#) .................................................. 57
Fractions ....................................................................................................... 58
Engineering symbol calculations ........................................................ 59
Binary, octal, decimal, hexadecimal calculations ........................ 60
Binary and octal block display ...................................................................... 61
Binary, octal, decimal, hexadecimal conversions .......................................... 63
Negative expressions .................................................................................... 64
Basic arithmetic operations using binary, octal, decimal and
hexadecimal values .................................................................................. 65
Logical operations ......................................................................................... 66
Statistical calculations ............................................................................ 67
Standard deviation ........................................................................................ 67
' Regression calculation .................................................................................. 70
Formula memory function ..................................................................... 77
Purpose of the formula memory function ...................................................... 77
Section 3 Integration Calculation
Input of function /(x) and integration calculation ........................ 84
Examples of operation .................................................................................. 85
35
36
Notes on integration calculation .................................................................... 88
Section 4 Program Calculation
39 What is a program? .................................................................................. 90
Programming ................................................................................................ 90
Calculation formula ....................................................................................... 91
Registering filenames ................................................................................... 91
Program execution ........................................................................................ 93
Program correction, addition and deletion ..................................... 95
Inserting lines ............................................................................................... 95
Inserting a line at the beginning ................................................................... 95
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 Editing programs .................................................. ·· ·· ·· ·· ·· ·· ·· ·· · ·· · ·· · ·· · ·· ·· · ·· ·· ·· ·· · 95
Program deletion ........................................................................................ 100

Pr~i~~~:e~~:~~~:~ s~~~~h··:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~~~

Sequential search of program lines ............... · ............................................. 103
Direct search ..................................... ·· .... · ·· ·· ·· · .. ·· .... · ·· ·· ·· ·· ·· ·· .. · ·· ................. 104
Scrolling right and left in filenames and program lines ............................... 106
Program execution ................................................................................. 107
Execution through filename search ............................................................. 107

1
Execution by pressing ~~ ..................................................................... 108
Aborting execution ......................................................................................
Program debugging (correcting errors) ........................................................
109
109 Section Configuration and
Convenient program commands ....................................................... 109
Jump commands ........................................................................................ 109 Operation
Subroutines ................................................................................................. 114
Pause command ......................................................................................... 117 Key markings
Variable input command ............................................................................. 118
Fixm ............................................................................................................ 118 Modes
Remaining program capacity .............................................................. 120
Determining the number of remaining steps ............................................... 120 Display
Using the unit as a data bank ............................................................ 121
Handling Precautions
PROGRAM LIBRARY
Power and Battery Replacement
1. Prime factor analysis ........................................................................ 126
2. Greatest common measure ............................................................ 128 Nomenclature and Functions
3 . .:i-Y transformation .......................................................................... 130
4. Minimum loss matching .................................................................. 132
Before beginning calculations....
5. Cantilever under concentrated load ........................................... 134
6. Normal distribution ............................................................................ 136
7. Numerical solution of an equation (Newton's law) ............... 138
8. Quadratic equation ............................................................................ 140
9. Complex numbers .............................................................................. 144
Error messages at-a-glance ................................................................ 154
Input ranges of functions .................................................................... 155
Specifications ........................................................................................... 158

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 r .[-M::--od-;--e-s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ II•
I Section 1 ))))) Configuration and Operation J · the fx-4500PA it is necessary to select the proper mode to suit your calcula-
When us1_ng t This ca~ be done by using the~ key in combination with the num-
Before using this unit for the first time, be sure to press the ALL RESET button on the tion requ1remen s. . .
back of the unit. ber keys. (Refer to plate below the display window.)

•Flow of Operations (Be sure to re.ad this!) •Manual calculation modes

In contrast to standard electronic calculators, the keys on "scientific" calculators often
•Calculation modes

•I
perform more thah one function. The following explains how to use these keys, so it's
a good idea to read this section carefully before using your calculator for the first time. §@(]]: COMP mode . .
General calculations, including function calculations.
Key markings (§@[}]: BASE-N mode . I · I _
.
Binary, oc taI, decimal ' hexadecimal conversion and calculations, as well as og1ca oper
The fx-4500PA uses any given key to perform a number of different functions. For exam-
ations.
ple, the key shown below is used to perform the following 5 functions: G): ( - ), 0: ;,;--,
@: =,@:A,@: /A. §@m: LR mode . . h th· d ·
· ca Icu lation · ("LR" symbol appears in display window w en 1s mo e 1s
T' = Regression
selected.)
I< >I §@I]]: SD mode . h th" d
IA A Standard deviation calculation. ("SD" symbol appears in display window w en 1s mo e
The function of this key differs depending on the operational mode the calculator is set is selected.)
to (see page 9), however if it is pressed directly, it performs the ( - ) function. If you press
the @ill key and then press this key, it carries out the second function ;,;--.
*Modes[]]- rn are totally independent, and cannot be used together.
If you press the~ key and then press the [BJ key, it acts as the§] key. And if you press
it after pressing the@!!!] key, you can input the radical "A". Finally, you can use the [BJ §@8: Eng mode . h th" d
Engineering symbol calculation. ("Eng" symbol appears in display window w en 1s mo e
key while in the BASE-N (see page 60) "HEX" mode to input the hexadecimal "/A". You'll
notice that the key shows marks for each of these functions, which are color coded for is selected.) (Refer to page 59.)
easy identification. *The calculation mode last selected is retained in memory when the fx-4500PA's power
Referring back to the [BJ key, the function marked in orange is carried out after pressing is switched OFF.
the @ill key. After pressing the~ key, the [BJ key operates the function marked in light
green. After pressing the @!!!] key, the function marked in red is carried out, and in the •Angular measurement modes
BASE-N mode, the [BJ key operates the function marked in green. §@[!): Deg mode . . · d h
Next, let's look at the bJ key. Note that the ''Ex2" mark is in blue brackets. The fx-4500PA
1z~d s .
· · measurement ·in "d egr ees" . (" I!] " symbol appears in display win ow w en
Spec1f1es
functions marked in these blue brackets are used for standard deviation (SD mode) and this mode is selected.)
regression (LR mode) calculations.
~rn: Rad mode . · h th.
· · measuremen t ·in " rad"1a ns" . ("
Spec1f1es liJ" symbol appears in display window w en is
Functions marked in ORANGE - Accessed by first pressing ~ key. mode is selected.)
Functions marked in LIGHT GREEN - Accessed by first pressing ~ key.
~[[]: Gra mode . . · h th"
Functions marked in RED - Accessed by first pressing @!!!] key. · · measurement ·in " grads" . (""""
Specifies ~ symbol appears m display window w en is
Functions marked in GREEN - Accessed in BASE-N mode. mode is selected.)
Functions marked by BLUE brackets - Accessed in SD mode or LR mode.
*With the exception of the BASE-N mo de, mo des '4'
'-"-' - [[] can be used in combination
with the manual calculation modes.

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 •Display modes • Abbreviations
@@rn: Fix mode Compute Dec Decimal number
COMP
Specifies number of decimal places. ("Fix" symbol appears in display window when this
LR Linear regression Hex Hexadecimal number
mode is selected.)
SD Standard deviation Bin Binary number
~(]): Sci mode
Specifies number of significant digits. ("Sci" symbol appears in display window when Eng Engineering Oct Octal number
this mode is selected.) •To return to standard operation (initialized state) press~ I]] (COMP mode) - ~ [!)
~(]): Norm mode (Deg mode) - ~ 00 (Norm mode)
Cancels "Fix" and "Sci" specifications.
This operation also changes the range of the exponent display (see page 12).

*With the exception of the BASE-N mode, modes [l) -

with the manual calculation modes.
00 can be used in combination

The mode last selected is retained in memory when the fx-4500PA's power is switched
OFF.
• Program calculation mode
~@): WAT mode
S~ecified when ~riling or ~orrecting programs (files). ("WAT" symbol appears in display
window when this mode 1s selected.) Press again to cancel WAT mode.
~~: Defm mode
_Press to expand number of memories. ("Defm" appears in display window when this mode
1s selected.) After specifying this mode, input a value and press the @) key to specify
the number of useable memories (see page 41.)
•r Display
•Two-tier display
This unit features a two-tier display. The upper tier is a dot display which features an
input buffer, for display of up to 12 characters. The lower display is capable of displaying
10 digits for a mantissa, as well as 2 digits for an exponent. When formulas are input,
they are displayed on the upper display, and then results are shown on the lower display
when the @) is pressed to execute the calculation. This allows both the formula and the
result to be displayed simultaneously.
In addition, when filen·ames are displayed, the file name is shown on the upper display,
with the file number shown on the lower display. When programs are displayed, the pro-
gram data is displayed on the upper display, with the program line number shown on
the lower display.

IExample I ~ ~ 10 @J - IExample I 2 x 3 = 6

MANUAL
Number of memories expanded by 10.
Mode Hierarchy Diagram

CALCULATIONS WAT
I! Formula
l!IT
6.
Result of calculation

IExample I Filename PROGRAM

9
File number
I
Filename

IExample I Program

File number Program line number

Program data

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•Display symbols
The display window features symbols which light to indicate the present operational sta-
r
!
has
.
selection o
f these modes can be carried out by pressing ~[[). when no specification
· 'f'
been made for the number of decimal places or s1gm 1can 1g1 s. .
t d' 't
t t t s ·is not displayed so it is necessary to perform the following procedure
The presen s a u •
tus of the fx-4500PA.
to specify either display format:

~· -031
ff!!! !!!!! !!!!! !!!!! !!!!! !ii!! !ii!! !!!!! !!!!! !!!!! !!!!! !!!!!
~1
Hr~2oor@
1/200
.. ilii ""' 1111 !!!!i iiiil 1111 iiiii fill !liii 11111 iii!I !l!li ..
n n ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, n ,,_pp (Format A)

c1.c1.c1.c1.c1.c1.c1.c1.c1.a. -•u
I
~1
1/200
@ (fl !Ml @ hyp WRT (Tiill (@) B'l!I LRSD [!] llml Fix Sci Eng 0.005 (Format B)
Ill

ill: Indicates @!ill key has been pressed. The examples given in this manual shows calculation results in exponential display for-
[[]: Indicates lfilB key has been pressed. mat "A".
[Ml: Indicates~ key has been pressed.
[!]: Indicates @!00 key has been pressed. How to view the calculation results in exponential format.
hyp: Indicates ~ key has been pressed.
WRT: Indicates calculator in the WRT mode. 1.2E11
ffi: Indicates filename or program (file contents) is displayed.
@IT]: Indicates program is being edited in WRT mode.
L__J LJ
mm: Indicates intermediate result is displayed.
Mantissa Exponent
LR: Indicates LR mode has been specified.
SD: Indicates SD mode has been specified. -+ 1.2x 1011 .. 120,000,000,000
l!l: Indicates angular measurement in units of "Degrees".
rn: Indicates angular measurement in units of "Radians".
[!): Indicates angular measurement in units of "Grads". 1.2E-3
Fix: Indicates specification of number of decimal places is being executed. 1.2-03
Ill
Sci: Indicates specification of number of significant digits is being executed.
L__J LJ
Eng: Indicates Eng mode has been specified.
Mantissa Exponent
+- -+: Indicates number of characters exceeds limitation of screen. Non-displayed
characters can be viewed by "scrolling" right or left, as indicated by arrow(s). .. 1.2x 10- 3 -+ 0.0012

•Exponential display
During normal calculation, this unit is capable of displaying up to 1O digits. However if •Special display functions .
calculation results exceed this limit, they are automatically displayed in exponential for- For fractional, hexadecimal and other special calculations, results are shown on the dis-
mat. You can choose from two different types of exponential display formats: play as follows:
•Fractions
(A) 10- 2(0.01)> lxl, lxl ~10' 0 : Norm 1 mode
456..112..123 12
(B) 10- 9 (0.000000001)> Ix I , Ix I ~ 1010 : Norm 2 mode (Indicates 456 23 1
456..112..1 23.
Ill
L..........J L---J L---J
Integer Numerator Denominator

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•Hexadecimal numbers llQ_P_o_w_e_r_an~d:tnB~at~te~r~ytR~e~p~la~c~emm~errntt""""~~~~l\11
ABCDEF12 . su lied to this unit by one CR2032 lithium battery, which is used for normal
AbCdEF12 H [Indicates ABCDEF1216 ( = -1412567278 10)] Power is PP II one CR2032 lithium battery used for memory backup.
operations, as we as removed at the same time, programs and data will be lost,
If both of these batteries are .
'd eplacing them at the same time.
so avo1 r . have been removed from the unit for some reason, replace them
*If both batteries ON
•Sexagesimal numbers th e "All Reset" button after turning the power ·
and press
12.58244
12a 34a 56.78 [Indicates 12°34'56. 78"] • Replacing batteries . .

I
. k the "Low Battery" indicator appears on the display.
If batteries become wea •
L.._J
Degrees
L_J
Minutes
[____J
Seconds
_Low battery

•I Handling Precautions
•This unit is composed of precision electronic components, and should never be disas-
sembled. Do not drop it or otherwise subject it to sudden impacts, or sudden changes
ntinue to use the unit after this display appears, power will turn OFF automati-
lf you C(l 0 eration will become impossible even if you press the flm ON key. If th IS O?-
cally andl p th CR2032 battery as soon as possible. Do not leave dead batteries in
curs rep ace e
the ~nit. Doing so may result in damage or lost memory contents.

in temperature. Be especially careful to avoid storing the unit or leaving it in areas ex- •To replace the memory backup battery
posed to high temperature, humidity or large amounts of dust. When exposed to low The battery used for memory backup should be replaced every two years.
temperatures, the unit will require more time to display answers and may even fail to
G)Press the I@ key. Then remove the two All Reset button
operate. The display will return to normal once normal temperature is attained. screws on the back of the unit and remove
•The display will appear blank while the unit is performing calculations. At this time most
the back cover.
keys will be inoperative. Because of this, keys should normally be used while confirm-
@Remove the screw holding the battery pres- Screw
ing proper operation by checking the display.
sure plate (screw "B") and then remove the
•Batteries should be replaced every 5 years, even if the unit is not used for extended
periods. Never leave dead batteries in the battery compartment. They can leak and battery pressure plate.
damage the unit. @Remove the old battery from th~ unit. .
•Avoid using volatile liquids such as thinner or benzine to clean the unit. Wipe it with (This can be done easily by turning the unit
a soft, dry cloth or a cloth that has been dipped in a neutral detergent solution and wrung so that the battery compartment is facing
out. downwards, and then lightly tapping the
•Note that the manufacturer assumes no responsibility for any loss or claims by third unit.)
parties which may arise from use of this product. @Wipe the surfaces.of the new battery with_a
•Note that the manufacturer assumes no responsibility for any damage incurred as a soft dry cloth and load them into the unit,
result of data loss caused by malfunction, repairs or battery replacement. The user should making sure that the positive (B side is fac- Screw "B"
prepare physical records of important data to protect against such data losses. ing upwards.
•If this unit should malfunction, be sure to contact your nearest Casio dealer or service @Fasten the battery pressure plate in place us-
center, explaining the problem in detail. ing the screw.
@Replace the back cover and press the @
key. Memory contents are protected by the
main battery in this case.

-14- -15-
 •Auto Power-OFF function .
•To replace the main battery battery life this unit will turn OFF automatically if it is not used for approx1-
To preserve • . t t e
CD Pressthe l!fl key. Then remove the two /All Reset button
mateyI 6m ·inutes
·
To restore power, press the ma key. Note that memory con ens ar
screws on the back of the unit and remove
~7 protected even when power goes OFF.
the back cover.
)screw
@Remove the screw holding the battery pres-
sure plate (screw "A") and then remove the ~·
battery pressure plate.
@Remove the old main battery from the unit. /_Screw "A"
(This can be done easily by turning the unit
so that the battery compartment is facing
downwards, and then lightly tapping the
unit.)
©Wipe the surfaces of the new battery with a
soft, dry cloth and load them into the unit,
making sure that the positive ffi side is fac-
ing upwards.
®Fasten the battery pressure plate in place us-
ing the screw. Then press the@] key.
®Replace the back cover. Memory contents
are protected by the memory backup battery
in this case.
Avoid changing both batteries at the same time as doing so may result in memory
contents being lost.

Precautions:
Incorrectly using batteries can cause them to burst or leak, possibly damaging the interi-
or of the unit. Note the following precautions:

•Be sure that the positive ffi and negative 8 ~:~i'!~:~~-

poles of the battery are facing in the proper ~~
direction.
•Never leave a dead battery in the battery compartment.
•Remove the battery if you do not plan to use the unit for long periods.
•Replace the battery at least once every 5 years, no matter how much the unit is used
during that period.
•Never try to recharge the battery supplied with
the unit.
•Do not expose batteries to direct heat, let them
become shorted, or try to take them apart.

Keep batteries out of the reach of small children. If swallowed, consult with a physi-
cian immediately.
-17-
-16-
 •I Nomenclature and Functions
1• §@ Mode key
Press when setting the status of the unit or when specifying the unit of angular measure-
ment. Refer to page 9 for details on modes.

~K Alphabet key
Press to input alphabetic characters or special characters. Pressing~ displays "[!]"
Display window and allows the input of only one character. After the character is input, the unit returns
to the status it was in before the l@!l key was originally pressed. Pressing llE!ill followed
by~will lock the unit in this mode and allow consecutive input of alphabetic characters
until~ is pressed again.
Cursor keys
Second shift key 0 0 0 0 0 0
Power OFF key
0 0 0 0 0 0
Mode key
(!!] 0 0 0 CD [I)

Function command keys

0 !ID (£) [[) m [IJ

0 0 @] !El m QJ

IBJ m 00 DD
(ID @] [E] @] I]]
rn [!J [[] [fl ~
Numeric keys
Other command keys Arithmetic operation keys 00 !YI [LI ~ D
Rnd 1-ni Ran#
@) - LJL , 8 Numeric keys
LXJ X Ljq.t<J M BLOCKLxa.JV
Execute key •When numeric values or calculation commands are input, they appear on the display
window from the left. The 8 key is used to indicate the decimal point.
•Depending on the selected mode, the llE!ill and ~ keys can be used in combination
with the number keys to specify the following functions:
Exponent key
M G T

l!ffiill Shift key

m 00
m
00
k
COMP mode (~[]]) }
µ

whe.~ u~in~ III []] 00

Press the function com_mands and functions marked in orange on the key
p
LR mode (~(g]) Used in combination with llE!ill key.
n
~anel. An ~ ~111 appear on the display to indicate that llE!ill has been pressed. Press- f

ing llEiill again will cause the "(!]" to disappear from the display and the unit to return
m rn Ren#
[I] SD mode (~00)

to the status it was in before llE!ill was originally pressed. ""'

[[] [!]
~ Second shift key
Press when u~in~. th_e function comm~nds and functions marked in light green on the
~ey panel. ~n ~ will appear on the display to indicate that~ has been pressed. Press-
ing~ again will cause the "[£]" to disappear from the display and the unit to return
to the status it was in before~ was originally pressed.
-18- -19-
 ILJ
LYJ
IIJ
LyQiiJ
!ID 1filJ Exponent/Pi/Standard deviation calculation key
'"""' lXO'lt<JZ
(!)
,.,,,, !ID
,,,, (ID
,...,, •When using exponents, the @I key is pressed after the mantissa is input. For example,
LR mode (~00) to input 2.56x 1034 , press 2.56 @134. When inputting exponents into a program, the
III
L2%1J
II)
Lz.¥J
[!)
LnJ @I key is pressed after the value is input.
[[) [!] •When pressed following the l!E!ill key, the value of pi (11") is input.
LX'.J Lzo;,J
•When pressed following ~ key in LR mode or SD mode, the sample standard devia-
Used in combination with ~ key. tion of x is calculated.
ill !ID 00 l!illl'¥.:? ........... xun-1 (Sample standard deviation of x) is calculated.
(!) !ID (I]
SD mode (~[j]) ••,, ..., .p, .c, Arithmetic operation/Coordinate transformation/
III
lz.r•J
II)
LzxJ
[!)
LnJ
,Pv ,!! ,g ,,!!+ Permutation and combination/Logical operation
[ID 8 keys
L,X'.J lxq,,J
•When carrying out addition, subtraction multiplication and division, enter the calcula-
tion as it is written, from left to right.
•Whe~ the l!Hi!il key is pressed in the COMP mode, LR mode or SD mode the following a
•IJ and keys can be used to indicate signs.
functions are specified: ' •llfilffi key combinations for the various modes are as follows:
l!illl [ID ............. Internal rounding
This key operation rounds the internal value (value stored in the y
COMP mode,
SD mode or
..f3
,
""'a
register) to 1O digits. Note that this also rounds the result that is LR mode Pol( Rec(

....
pr_oduced by the Ans function. In the FIX and SCI modes, this key oper-
at1on changes the internal value to the form specified for value display.
0 a
l!illl ~-· ........... Random number generation 1iE!ffi .:ii ........... Coordinate transformation; press to transform polar coordinate into
Generates random numbers between 0.000 and 0.999. rectangular coordinate.
iiE!ffiali ........... Coordinate transformation; press to transform rectangular coordinate
For information on other functions, see "Engineering symbol calculations" on page 59. into polar coordinate.
m ...........
liE!ffi Permutation; press when making permutation calculations.
•The following functions can be specified by pressing 1!!iJ in the LR mode or SD mod liE!ffi S. ........... Combination; press when making combination calculations.
(only some functions are available). e
~Cf! ........... x (Mean of x) BASE-N mode f3 a
~~ ........... Ex2 (Sum of squares of x) LandJ LxnorJ

liiil l:!l ..... ...... Ex (Sum of x) a

LorJ
a
LxorJ
~CJJ ........... n (Number of data)
~~ .......... Ey2 (Sum of squares of y) 1iE!ffi ~ ........... or; press when calculating "or" of logical operation.
l!il~ ........... Ey (Sum of y) iiE!ffi 115' ........... xor; press when calculating "xor" of logical operation.
ii)~ ........... Exy (Sum of products of x and y) 1iE!ffi ~ •.•.•.•.••. and; press when calculating "and" of logical operation.
li!il CfJ ...........
y (Mean of y) liE!ffi9 ........... xnor; press when calculating "xnor" of logical operation.
~C!J ..... :..... yu. (Standard deviation of y) •For division, the "I" (slash) key is used.
~c;!l ··········· yun-1 (Sample standard deviation of y) %
~ ~ . .. .. .. .. .. xu. (Standard deviation of x) ~ Execute/Percent key
•Press to obtain the result of a calculation. Pressed after data input for a program calcu-
These f~nctions are used in standard deviation and regression calculations. For details
lation or to advance to the next execution after a result is obtained.
see sections on "Standard deviation" (page 67) and "Regression calculation" (page ?O)'.
•Press following l!ffil key for percentage calculations. Note that percentage calculations
cannot be carried out in BASE-N mode.
-20- -21-
 CAPA

~ Answer/CAPA/Space key [illID Formula memory I Program I Multistatement key.

SPACE
•Press ~ followed by@) to recall the last calculation re~u.lt. . •Press~
= to execute formulas in formula memory. For detarls, ·refer fto page 77. 108
S 'SiifFil followed by @ill] and @) to execute programs. For detarls, re er to page .
•Hold down following @ key to display number of remarnrng steps rn program. •Pres E"-" · d I I
=followed by @ill] to separate formulas or commands rn programme ca cu a-
•Press following @@ key to input a space. • Press~ . . . k " 1
tiOOSO r Co nsecutive calculations . The result of such combrnatrons rs nown as a mu -
tistatement". For details, refer to page 50.
rnru
INS
Delete/Insert key
•Press@] to delete character where curs.or is flashing. Deletes character to left of cursor
hen cursor is to the right of the last rnput character. @
1 File line scroll up/Integration/Display key . . .
• wpress following@ key to display the insert cursor (: : ). • Press while file contents are displayed to scroll up to the prevrous fr le lrne .
.h .. . Entering a value while the in-
sert cursor is displayed inserts the value rn t e posrtron rmmediately preceding the in- •Press @ followed by [QI when making integrations. For details, refer to page 84.
sert cursor location. • Press @fl followed by [QI to display results of program calculations and consecutrve cal-
Mel
culations.
miJoN All clear/Memory clear/Statistical data clear/Power On key
LScl.J A•••'"" File line scroll down/ Absolute value/Pause command/
•Press to clear all input characters or formulas. Also, press to clear Error Check mes- [Q)
SEARCH Search key
sage on display. •Press while file contents are displayed to scroll down to the next file line.
•Pressing @ followed by ma clears all data in unit's memory. •Press@ followed by [QJ when making absolute value calculations.
•Pressing~ followed by ma clears contents of statistical calculation memory. •Press~ followed by [QJ to input "Pause" command . .For details, refer to page 117.
•Press when power is OFF to turn power ON. •Press to search contents of file using "Search" function. For details, refer to page 105.
Goto Lbl

~T~
REPLAY
Cursor/Replay/Jump command keys ~ Engineering/Judge command/Not key
Not " •
•Press to move the cursor to the left or right on the display to correct formulas or numer- •Each press of this key shifts the decimal of the displayed value three decrmal places
ic values.
to the right or left. This in effect results in conversion of the value from one metrrc unrt
Pressing~ moves the cursor to the left, while pressing ~ moves it to the right. Press- to another, such as 10- 3 milliseconds, 10- 5 microseconds, 10· 12 picoseconds, or 103
ing either key and holding it down will cause continuous movement of the cursor in the kilohertz, 106 megahertz, 109 gigahertz.
respective direction.
•Once a formula or numeric value is input and@) is pressed, these keys become replay
IExample I 12.3456@1 12.3456
keys. Pressing ~ displays the formula or numeric value from the end, and pressing 1st time~ is entered 12.3456 00
~ displays it from the beginning. Pressing @) again will re-execute (see page 48). 2nd time ~ is entered 12345.6 -o 3
•These keys are also used to input "Jump" commands which alter program execution. 3rd time ~ is entered 12345600. - 0"._
Pressing~ followed by~ enters the "Goto" command. Pressing~ followed by~
enters the "Lbl" (Label) command. For details, refer to page 109. 4th time ~ is entered 12345600. - 06 (No change)

12.3456@) 12.3456
@ff) Power OFF key
1st time@~ is entered 0.0123456 03
Press to turn the unit's power OFF. Note that mode setting and memory contents are
protected even when power is turned OFF. 2nd time @~ is entered 0.000012345 06

3rd time @~ is entered 0.000000012 09

lfilID File key
4th time @~ is entered 0.000000012
-
09 (No change)
Press to recall registered files. For details, refer to page 96.
•When pressed after pressing~ key, "judge" symbol"=>", used in executing Jump
IN
@!) Formula memory key command, is input. For details, refer to page 112.
•When pressed in BASE-N mode, this key executes "Not" function used in logical
Used when making calculations using registered formulas. For details, refer to page 77.
operation.
-22- -23-
die :::\:>

~ Fractions/Judge command/Negative key '@ power/Root/Variable input command/Octal key

••• press this key and then enter y (any number) to calculate x to the power of y.
001 ' 0 ' 1
•Used when inputting fractions and mixed numbers. •Enter x, . =
T alculate the xth root of y, press after pressing ~.
I Example I To input 23 , press 23@@IJ45: To input 2~, press 2@I)3@IJ4: • 0 c essed following the M key the " l " symbol used in executing the variable
45 4 •When pr '
. ut command is input. For details, refer to page 118.
•By pressing@~ in succession, the displayed value will be converted to the improper
inp ·n the BASE-N mode to specify the octal calculation mode .
fraction. • press 1 .
•When pressed following the @ key in the BASE-N mode, the subsequently entered
•When pressed after pressing M key, "judge" symbol "¥ ", used in executing Jump
value is specified as an octal value.
command, is input. For details, refer to page 112.
•Press in the BASE-N mode prior to entering a value to obtain the negative of that value.
The negative number is the two's complement of the value entered.
'fgj Negative/Cube root/Equal key
~
X' ~
•Press prior to entering a numeric value to make that va Iue negaf 1ve.
A

la
DecLdJ
Square root/Square/Judge command/Decimal value key
[§xampl~ -123-+ [8123 .
•Press prior to entering a numeric value to obtain the square root of that value. •Press following the@ key to obtain the cube root of a subsequently entered numeric
•Enter a value, and press this key following @ to obtain the square of the value.
•When pressed after pressing M key, the "judge" symbol "t.. ", used in executing Jump value.
•Press following the M key to enter the "=" sign.
command, is input. For details, refer to page 112.
•Press in the BASE-N mode to specify the decimal calculation mode.
•When pressed following @ in the BASE-N mode, the subsequently entered value is
.B"' Decimal - Sexagesimal/Not equal key
18 s
specified as a decimal value. •Press to enter sexagesimal value.
(degree/minute/second or hour/minute/second)
'~m Common logarithm/Exponent of 10/Variable fix command/
Hex'h' Hexadecimal key [§xample] 78°45'12"-+ 788458128
•Press prior to entering a value to obtain the common logarithm of that value. •When pressed following the @ key, a decimal based value can be displayed in
•When pressed following the@ key, the subsequently entered value becomes an ex- degrees/minutes/seconds.
ponent of 10. •Press following the M key to input the """" sign.
•When pressed following the M key, "Fixm" is entered. For details, refer to page 118.
•Press in the BASE-N mode to specify the hexadecimal calculation mode.
~ Hyperbolic/Relational operator key
•When pressed following @ in the BASE-N mode, the subsequently entered value is c c f
specified as a hexadecimal value. •Pressing~ and then~.§) or(@ prior to entering a value produces the respec 1ve
hyperbolic function (sinh, cosh, tanh) for the value.
e" { •Pressing@, then~ and then~.§) or(@ prior to entering a value produces the respec-
Uill Natural logarithm/Exponential/Variable input command/Binary key
BlnLbJI tive inverse hyperbolic function (sinh- 1 , cosh-1, tanh- 1) for the value.
•Press prior to entering a value to obtain the natural logarithm of that value. •Press following the M key to enter the """" sign.
•When pressed following the@ key, the subsequently entered value becomes an ex-
ponent of "e". sin·' :s ,.... > tan·'< Trigonometric function/Inverse trigonometric function/
•When pressed following the M key, the " [ " symbol used in executing the variable ~ I§] ~
v o 1 e • F Relational operator keys
input command is input. For details, refer to page 118. •Press one of these keys prior to entering a value to obtain the respective trigonometric
•Press in the BASE-N mode to specify the binary calculation mode. function for the value.
•When pressed following the @ key in the BASE-N mode, the subsequently entered •Press@ and then one of these keys prior to entering a value to obtain the respective
value is specified as a binary value. inverse trigonometric function for the value.
•PressM and then one of these keys to input the"~",">" and"<" signs, respectively.
•In the BASE-N mode, press[8 - (@to enter A-H (1010 -1510) of a hexadecimal number.

-24- -25-
Int
lfilID
LAJ
Store memory/Integer/Constant term key
it Press prior to inputting alphabet character when inputting calculation results to memory.
•Press ~ key followed by~ key prior to inputting number in order to obtain integer
• [Before beginning calculations....
•Calculation priority sequence
This unit employs true algebraic logic to calculate the parts of a formula 1n the following
.
I• .
part of that number. order:
•Press following~ key in LR mode to calculate constant term "A" in regression formula. (i)Coordinate transformation/integration Pol (x, y), Rec (r, II), fdx
(gill]~ ............ Calculation of A (Constant term of regression formula) @Type A functions . .
These functions are those in which the value is entered and then the function key 1s
Frac
IBID;] Recall memory/Fraction/Regression coefficient key pressed.
LBJ
x2. x ', x!, 0 ' ", Eng symbols
•Press prior to inputting alphabet characters to display value input into memory.
•Press~ key followed by@) key prior to inputting number in order to obtain fraction @Power/root xY, v-
part of that number. @Fractions able
•Press following~ key in LR mode to calculate regression coefficient "B" in regres- @Abbreviated multiplication format in front of 7r, memory or parenthesis 27r, 5A, 7rR, etc.
sion formula. @Type B functions .
(gill]~ ............ Calculation of B (Regression coefficient of regression formula) These functions are those in which the function key is pressed and then the value 1s
entered.
x[I]-·
( "'m
) Parentheses/ Reciprocal I Factorial/ Correlation coefficient/ v , V , log, In, e-', 1O', sin, cos, tan, sin , , cos 1 , tan 1 , sinh, cosh, tanh, sinh 1 ,
crJ a L:l!J H Estimated value of x key cosh 1, tanh 1, Int, Frac, Abs, ( - ), (following in BASE-N mode only) d, H, b, o, Neg,
•Press the open parenthesis key and the closed parenthesis key at the position required Not
in a formula. (?)Abbreviated multiplication format in front of Type B functions 2../3, A log2, etc.
•Press~ followed by [I) prior to entering a value to obtain the reciprocal of that value. @Permutation, combination nPr, nCr
•Press~ followed by OJ after entering a value to obtain the factorial of that value. @x, _,_
•In the LR mode, press following the~ key for coefficient of correlation calculation and
@+, -
estimated value of x in linear regression calculation, respectively.
(gill] c::p ............ Calculation of r (correlation coefficient) @and ]
In BASE-N mode only.
(gill]Cfl ............ Calculation of x (estimate of value of x) @or, xor, xnor

*When functions with the same priority are used in series, execution is performed from
,~ Comma/Semicolon/Estimated value of y key right to left for: ex1n..J120 --+ e'\ln(..J120)l
•Press to enter comma in statistical and other formulas. Otherwise, execution is from left to right.
•Press following~ to enter semicolon.
•In the LR mode, press following the~ key for the estimated value of y in regression
calculation. *Everything contained within parentheses receives highest priority.

M- IExample I 2 + 3 x (log sin27r2 + 6.8)-22.07101691 (in the "Rad" mode)

(M.±J Memory plus/Memory minus/Data input/Clear key
LDTJLCLJJ •
w
•Press to add displayed value to memory. Note that when formula is displayed, results
LJu
are first derived and then stored into memory.
L_L_J
•Press following~ key to subtract displayed value from memory.
•In the LR and SD modes, press to input data.
•In the LR and SD modes, press following the~ key to clear data which has been input '2.J
incorrectly.

-26- -27-
 •Number of stacks 1:142857~ 42857 .14286 - ~
This u~it features a memory known as _a "stack" for the temporary storage of low priority 0.14286
numen~ values and commands (functions, etc.). The numeric value stack has nine lev. Ii]

els, while the command stack has 24. If a complex formula is employed that exceed
the stack space available, a stack error (Stk ERROR) message will appear on the display~
IExample I 2 x ( ( 3 + 4 x ( 5 + 4) + 3) + s) + a= •overflow and errors
~lll~l~ll4l~ If the operational range of the unit is exceeded, or incorrect inputs are made, an error
message will appear on the display and subsequent operation will be impossible. This
is carried out by the error check function. The following operations will result in errors:
Numeric stack value Command stack
(1) The answer, whether intermediate or final, or any value in memory exceeds the value
CD 2 rn x of ± 9. 999999999 x 1099 •
@ 3 ~ ( (2) An attempt is made to perform function calculations that exceed the input range. (See
® 4 ~ ( page 155.)
(3) Improper operation during statistical calculations. (Ex. Attempting to obtain x or xan
© 5 @] + without data input.)
® 4 [ID x (4) Illegal argument.
[§] ( (Ex. Negative value specified for Defm)
(5) The capacity of the numeric value stack or the command stack is exceeded.
ITl + (Ex. Entering 23 successive IIJ's followed by 203£14)
(6) Input errors are made. (Ex. 5£t£t3§
*Calculations are performed in the order of the highest calculation priority first. Once (7) Even though memory has not been expanded, a memory such as Z (2] is used. (See
a calculation is executed, it is cleared from the stack. page 42 for details on memory.)
(8) When Prog command (see page 114) causes subroutine nesting overflow.
(9) When no Lbl corresponds to Goto command (see page 1.11), or when no filename
•Number.of input/output digits and calculation digits corresponds to Prog command (see page 114).
The allowable input/output range (number of digits) of this unit is 1o digits for a mantis-
sa, and 2 digits for an exponent. Calculations, however, are performed internally with When error messages appear, most keys will become inoperative. In this case, press
a range of 12 digits for a mantissa and 2 digits for an exponent. the a!J key to return to normal operation. You can also press the @5 key or~ key, caus-
ing the cursor to show the position of the error (see "Error position display function" on
IExample I 3x105+ 7= page 49).

3E5/7
The following error messages will be displayed for the operations noted above:
42857 .14286 (1)-(3) Ma ERROR
Ii]
(4) Arg ERROR
3~5~71:142857~ 3E5/7 - 42857 (5) Stk ERROR
0.1428571 (6) Syn ERROR
Ii]
(7) Mem ERROR
Once a calculation is completed, the mantissa is rounded off to 10 digits and displayed. (8) Ne ERROR
IExample I 3x105+ 7= (9) Go ERROR

3E5/7 Ne ERROR and Go ERROR messages mainly occur when using programs. (Refer to the
42857 .14286 Error Message Table on page 154.)
Ii]

-28- -29-
• Number of input characters
This unit features a 127-step area for calculation execution.
~ """"~'"
f ·:~ a~ove
'"'ra"" "" beoo '"''"d"'io ' IO<m"''·
"00 !ho @3 ood
Ell ,,,,
to the position of the error and press the I@ key. Each press of I@ will delete
One function comprises one step. Each press of numeric or Cl, 1:1, £t and~ keys com- ! one command (one step).
prise one step. Though such operations as llfilffi~ (~ key) require two key operations,
they actually comprise only one function, and, therefore, only one step. These steps can ~ To correct an input of 369 x x 2 to 369 x 2:
be confirmed using the cursor. With each press of the(§ or@) key, the cursor is moved
one step.
369 xx 2
Input characters are limited to 127 steps. Usually, the cursor is represented by a blinking
"_",but once the 121st step is reached, the cursor changes to a blinking "•". If the
"•"appears during a calculation, the calculation should be divided at some point and 369 x2_
performed in two parts.
*When numeric values or calculation commands are _input, they appear on the display
from the left. Calculation results, however, are displayed from the right.
If a character has been omitted from a formula, use the (§ and @) keys to move to the
position where the character should have been input, and press llE!ffi followed by the !ifilJ
•Corrections key. Each press of llE® !ifilJ will create a space for input of one command.
To make corrections in a formula that is being input, use the (§ and @) keys to move
to the position of the error and press the correct keys.
@xample I To correct an input of 2.362 to sin2.362:
I Example I To change an input of 122 to 123:
2.36 2 _
122

2_.36 2
122

2:.36 2
123_

IExample I To change an input of cos60 to sin60: sin :2:.362

§]l]J[QJ cos 60_

*When llfilffilifill are pressed, the space that is opened is displayed as ": : ". The function
or value assigned to the next key you press will be inserted in the : : . To exit from the
~OS 60 insertion mode, move the cursors, press llfilffil]fil), or press@].

Even after the @] key has been pressed to calculate a result, it is possible to use this
procedure for correction. Press the (§ key to move the cursor to the place where the
sin §0 correction is to be made.

*If, after making corrections, input of the formula is complete, the answer can be ob-
tained by pressing @J. If, however, more is to be added to the formula, advance the
cursor using the @) key to the end of the formula for input.
-30- -31-
Section 2 Manual
Calculations
Basic calculations
Memory
Special functions
Scientific function calculations
Engineering symbol calculations
Binary, octal, decimal, hexadecimal calculations
Statistical calculations
Formula memory function
 2 ))))) •For mixed basic arithmetic operations, multiplication and division are given priority over

•I
I Section
Basic calculations
•Arithmetic operations
Manual Calculations
-
addition and subtraction.

3 +5x6=33
Example Operation

305136@1
Display (Lower)

33.

•Arithmetic operations are performed by pressing the keys in the same order as noted 7x8-4X5=36 36.
in the formula.
•For negative values, press !BJ before entering the value.
6.6
Example Operation Display (Lower)
23+4.5-53= -25.5 2304.51:153@] -25.5 •Parenthesis calculations
56x (-12)+ (-2.5) = 268.8 Example Operation Display (Lower)
268.8
100 - (2 + 3) x 4 = 80 1OOl:IITJ203CDl34@1 80.
12369 x 7532 x 74103 = 1236913753213
6.903680613x 10 12
(6903680613000)
74103@] 6.903680613 12 I 2+3 x (4+ 5) = 29 20313ITJ405@1 29.
*Closed parentheses occurring immediately before operation of
the 11!!1 key may be omitted, no matter how many are required.

~-~X~+~=~
(4.5x 10 75 ) x (-2.3x 10- 79 ) 4.5@]75131B]2.3@]1BJ
= -1.035x10- 3
( - 0.001035)
79@] -1.035-03 I ITJ71:12CDITJ805@1 65.
•A multiplication sign t3 occurring immediately before an open
parenthesis can be omitted.
(2+3)x 102 =500 ITJ203CDl31@12@1 500.
*The correct answer cannot be derived by entering CD203CiJ@l2. 10-(2+7x(3+6)]= -55 I 101:1ITJ207ITJ306@1 -55.
Be sure to enter t3 1 between the rn and @I in the above *Henceforth, abbreviated style will not be used in this manual.
example.

(1x10 5 )+ 7= 14285.71429 14285. 71429 2 x 3 + 4 =(2x 3+4)+5=2 2.

5

(1 x 10 5 ) + 7-14285 5x6+6x8 0 _8125

15x4+12x3 ITJ513606138CDP1i
=0.7142857 1@]5PJi71:114285@] 0.7142857 ITJ15134012133CD@l 0.8125
*Internal calculations are calculated in 12 digits for a mantissa,
and the result is displayed rounded off to 1O digits. Internally,
however, the mantissa is calculated to 12 digits. (1.2x10 19 ) - ((2.5x10 20 )
1.2@]191:1ITJ2.5@1
xi_]=4.5x10 18 20133P1i100CD@J 4.5 18
100

6
4x5 =0. 3 0.3
*The above is the same as ~11!.i1411!.i151!!!J.

-34- -35-
•Percentage calculations
•Premium and discount calculations cannot be performed in the Eng Mode. To perforrn
•Specifying the number of decimal places, the number of
a premium or discount calculation, first press ~8 to exit the Eng Mode. See page significant digits and the exponent display
59 for details. •TO specify the number of decimal places (Fix), press ~followed by!]], and then a
value indicating the number of places (0-9). (The "Fix" indicator will appear on the
Example Operation Display (Lower) display.)
•TO specify the number of significant digits (Sci), press~ followed by!~], and then a
•Percentage
value indicating the number of significant digits (0- 9 to set from 1 to 10 digits with "O"
26% of $15.00 15£t261lE!ill~ 3.9 indicating 10 digits). (The "Sci" indicator will appear on the display.)
•Pressing the~ key or llE!ill followed by liW will cause the exponent display for the num-
•Premium ber being displayed to change in multiples of 3.
15% increase from $36.20 36.2£t151lE!ill~O •The specified number of decimal places or number of significant digits will not be can-
41.63
celled until another value or ~[ID is specified. (Specified values are not cancelled even
•Discount if power is switched OFF or another mode (besides ~[ID) is specified.)
4% discount from $47.50 47.5£t41lE!ill~l:I •§§100 cancels Fix and Sci specifications, however the range of the exponent display
45.6
can be set.
•Ratio Each time ~[ID is input, operation switches between Norm1 and Norm2.
75 is what % of 250? 75~2501lE!ill~ Norm 1 : All values less than 10· 2 or greater than 109 are automatically expressed
30. (%)
as exponents.
•Rate of change Norm 2 : All values less than 10- 9 or greater than 109 are automatically expressed
141 is an increase of what as exponents.
% from 120? 1411:11201lE!ill~ 17.5 (%) •Even if the number of decimal places and number of significant digits are specified,
240 is a decrease of what internal calculations are performed in 12 digits for a mantissa, and the displayed value
% from 300? 2401:13001lE!ill~ is stored in 10 digits. To convert these to the specified number of decimal places and
- 20. (%)
significant digits, press llE!ill followed by ~-
•This operation is invalid in the BASE-N mode. To make this specification in the BASE-N
mode, first press ~ followed by [[).

Example Operation Display (Lower)

100"'" 6=16.66666666 ... 100~6~ 16.66666667

(Four decimal places specified.) ~!]][!) 16.6667

~[ID
Fix

I (Specification cancelled.) 16.66666667

°1
.,~ r::::::::::,:.~::
1.6667
Sci

16.66666667
*Values are displayed rounded off to the place specified.
I
(lith Norm1specified.)1~1000~ 1. -03
I (Norm2 specified) ~[ID 0.001

-36-
-37-
 200+ 7x 14=400 200~7£t141ili) 400,
(Three decimal places specified.) ~ID!]]
.Qv1emory
400.000
This unit contains 26 standard memories. There are two basic types of memories, the
I
(Calculation continues with 10 digits.) 200~71ili)
Fix
<Variable> memories, which are accessed by using the lillJ and!@ keys in combination
28.571
Fix with the 26 letters of the alphabet, and the <Independent> memories, which are ac-
(Upper)
cessed by using the~,@@:], (@and@ keys. The variable memory and independent
.. 8.57142857 x
F~ memory utilize the same memory area.
141ili) contents of both of the variable and independent memories are protected even when
400.00Q
Fix the power is turned OFF.
If the same calcu ration is performed with the specified
number of digits: (1) Variable memories
Up to 26 values can be retained in memory at the same time, and can be recalled when
200~71ili) 28.571
Fix desired.
(Value stored internally cut off at specified decimal place.) @~ @!<ample I Inputting 123 into memory "A":
28.571
Fix

(Upper) 28.571 x ml123 123_

Fix
141ili) 399.994
Fix A=
(Specification cancelled.)~[[)
399.994 123.
123m x 456 = 56088m 123£t4561ili) 56088.
=56.088km
56.088 03

78g x 0.96 = 74.88g 78£t0.961ili) 74.88 A=

=0.07488kg @lill] 0.07488 03 123.

When formulas are input, the result of the formula's calculat on is retained in memory.

IExample I Inputting the result of 123 x 456 into memory "B":

ml12313456 123 x 456_

B=
56088

-38-
-39-
 . ~OO B- 5608~ S=
0.301029995
If a variable expression 1s entered, the expression is first calculated ac d. t h *In the SD mod~, variable memories S,T and U are used as statistical memories. In the
t d . th . bl cor ing o t e values
s o'.e in e varia e memories used in the expression. The result is then st · LR mode, variable memories N, 0, P, S, T, and U are used as statistical memories.
variable memory specified for the result. ored in the In addition, G, H, I, J, K, L, and X can be used as integral memories. These variable
memories cannot be used simultaneously while making statistical or integral calculations.
IExample I Inputting the results of Ax B into memory "C":

,____/
Ax B_J •Array-type memories
Up to this point, all of the memories used have been referred to by single alphabetic charac-
ters such as A, B, X, or Y.

I c~ 6898824.J
With the array-type memory introduced here, a memory name (one alphabetic character
from A through Z) is appended with a subscript such as [1] or [2]. *Brackets input by
[@j)ITi!J, ij@)I£) .

. . _ _ _ I _J Standard memory
A
B
c
Array memory
A[O]
A(1]
A(2]
c~ 6898824. ] D A(3]

Proper use of the subscripts shortens programs and makes them easier to use.
•Sy~ ~RROR is generated when an attempt is made to input a substitution formula (such
as -Ax B) or multistatements (such as Ax B : c x D) and the e · t" • Memory expansion
tents are retained. ' xis ing memory con-
Although there are 26 standard memories (A-Z), they can be expanded by changing
program storage steps to memory. Memory expansion is performed by converting the
When input is made in a format such as "S = log2" where the · bl · 8 steps to one memory.
f 1 • varia e 1s equal to the
ormu a, the results of the calculation are input into the specified memory. *See page 90 for information on the number of program steps.
J Example J Executing "S = log2": Number of memories 26 27 28 36 100 163
Number of steps 1103 1095 1087 1023 511 7
S=log 2_
Memory is expanded in units of one. A maximum of 137 memories can be added for a

S=log 2
J maximum total of 163. Expansion is performed by pressing ~ followed by ~. a value
representing the size of the expansion, and then @].

0.301029995 J Example I To expand the number of memories by 30 to bring the total to 56:

Defm 30_

Defm 30
30.
-40- -41-
 Recall memory data.
To check the current number of expanded memories, press~ followed by @ii!! and @!J.

Defm
._______3_o~ .
J m
I
@@(I)@@ITJ2@@ITJ Z12L

I
To initialize the number of memories (to return the number to 26) enter a zero for the

J
value in the memory expansion sequence outlined above .

Defm 0 §] Zl21
._______o.
*Though a maximum of 137 memories can be added, if a program has already been
I 123.

stored and the number of remaining steps is less than the desired expansion, an error
(Mem ERROR) will be generated and expansion will be impossible. •cautions when using array-type memories .
When using array-type memories, a subscript is appended to an alphabetic character
*The expansion procedure (~@ii!! expansion value) can also be stored as a program.
that represents a standard memory from A through Z. .
Therefore, care must be taken to prevent overlap of memories.
• Using expanded memories *The following shows a case in which array-type memories overlap with standard format
Expanded memories are used in the same manner as standard memories, and are referred memories. This situation should always be avoided.
to as variable Z[n] through variable A[n + 25], etc., as shown below: The relation is as follows:
Z[1]=Y[2]=X[3]= =A[26] (Defm 1)
Z~2]=Y[3]=X[4]= ..... =A[27]

Z[n]=Y[n+1]=X[n+2]= ..... =A[n+25]

* n is the number of expanded memories.
(Defm 2)

(Defm n)
f ( ( ( ( ( ( 0--------f ( ( ( ( D------
A BC DE FG X Y Z
Alo] Al 1 ] Al 2] A[ 3] A[ 4] A[ 5 ] A[ 6] A[23] A124] A125] A[26] A[27]
6[ o] 6[ 1 ] 6[ 2] 6[ 3] 6[ 4] 6[ 5] 6[22] 6[23] 6[24] 6[25] 6[26]
For example, when two memories are added:
C[ o] C[ 1 ] C[ 2] C[ 3] q4] C[21] C[22] C[23] C[24] C[25]
Z[1]=Y[2]=X[3]= ..... =A[26]
Z[2]=Y[3]=X[4]= ..... =A[27] G[17] G[18] G[19] G[20] G[21]
G[O]
These memories are used in the same way as array-type memories, with a subscript be-
ing appended to the name. X[ 0 ] X[ 1 ] X[ 2 ] X[ 3 ] X[ 4 ]
Y[O] Y[1] Y[2] Y[3]
f Example f Inputting 123 in Z[2): Z[ 0 ] Z[ 1 ] Z[ 2 ]

Defm 2
2.
•Deleting memories .
To delete all contents of variable memories (including expanded memories), press @iill
@@(I)~2@@ITJ~ ZC21= 123_
§)123 followed by ~[@.

ZC21=123
123.
-42- -43-
(2) Independent memories •Difference between !film@ and ~. 00~.
Addition and subtraction (to and from sum) results can be stored directly in memory. Both !film@ and~. 00~ can be used to input results into memory, however when the
Results can also be totalized in memory, making it easy to calculate sums. !film@ operation is used, previous memory contents are cleared. When~. 00~ is used,
IExample I Inputting 123 to independent memory: value is added or subtracted to or from present sum in memory.

@xample I Inputting 456 into memory "M" using !film@ procedure. Memory already
r!B123 123_ contains value of 123:

r!B1231filID@ M=
123 123.
123.
r!B4561filID[0 M=
Recall memory data. 456.

SB

M=
123. IBID@ M=
456.
Add 25, subtract 12
251M±l12l@HE 12 I Example I Inputting 456 into memory "M" using~- Memory already contains value
(Pressing 251:112~ provides same 12. of 123:
result.)

Recall memory data. M=

123.

r!B4561M±l 456
M= 456.
136.

*To clear memory contents, press @]!film@.

*Addition/subtraction to or from sum in memory cannot be carried out with~. 00 and
~ keys in SD mode and LR mode.
M=
579.

-44- I -45-

J
•I Special functions
•Answer function
2) Before fixed numbers, variables and memories:
Ex. 271", 2AB, 3Ans, etc.
3) Before parentheses:
This unit has an answer function that stores the result of the most recent calculation. Ex. 3(5+ 6), (A+ 1)(B-1), etc.
Once a numeric value or numeric expression is entered and @I is pressed, the result
(the answer in the case of numeric formulas) is stored by this function.
To recall the stored value, press the[§) key. When[§) is pressed, "Ans" will appear on •Continuous calculation function
Even if calculations are concluded with the @I key, the result obtained can be used for
the display, and the value can be used in subsequent calculations.
further calculations. In this case, calculations are performed with 10 digits for the man-
·As the "Ans" function works just like any other memory, it will be referred to as "Ans
memory" in subsequent sections of this manual. tissa which is displayed.

~xample J To calculate+ 3.14 continuing after 3 x 4 = 12:

I Example I 123 + 456 = 579
789-579 = 210
3x4
123 +456 12.
579.
(Continuing) ~3.14 12./3.14_
789-Ans_

12./3.14
789-Ans 3.821656051
210.
[Example J To calculate 1 + 3 x 3 =:
Numeric values with 12 digits for a mantissa and 2 digits for an exponent can be stored
in the Ans memory. The Ans memory is not erased even if the power of the unit is turned 1/3x3
OFF. Each time@!!, !!!i!I~. 1!±1, !!!i!I~ and lfilQI a (a=A-Z) is pressed, the value in the 1.
Ans memory is replaced with the new value produced by the calculation execution. When
execution of a calculation results in an error, however, the Ans memory retains its cur-
rent value.
1/3
•Contents of Ans memory are not altered when~ a (a= A- Z) is used to recall contents 0.333333333 Calculations
performed
of variable memory. Also, contents of Ans memory are not altered when variables are with 1O digits
input when the variable input prompt is displayed. (Continuing) f33~ 0 .333333333 x - for mantissa.

0.999999999
•Omitting the multiplication sign ( x) This function can be used with Type A functions (x2, x-1, x!, see page 27), +, - , xY,
When inputting a formula as it is written, from left to right, it is possible to omit the mul- V, and 0 ' ".
tiplication sign ( x) in the 'following cases:
1) Before the following functions: J Example J Squaring the result of 78 + 6 = 13:
sin, cos3 tan, sin 1, cos 1, tan 1, sinh, cosh, tanh, sinh 1, cosh 1, tanh 1, log, In, 10',
eX,v, v, Pol (x, y), Rec (r, IJ)
Ex. 2sin30, 101og1 .2, 2v'3, 2Pol(5, 12), etc. 13.

-46- -47-
 1~
(Continuing) ~~ 13. 2_

J
[E[E[E[E 1- 4.12 x 3.58 ± 6. -1

~ 13. 2
169.J 1::11.1 1-12x3.58-7.1_

~ 4.12x3.58-7. -
7.6496
•Replay function
This function stores formulas that have been executed. After execution is complete, press-
•As with the number of input characters (see page 30), the replay function can accept
ing either the ~ or [E key will display the formula executed.
input of up to 127 steps.
Pressing ~ will display the formula from the beginning, with the cursor located under
the first character. *The replay function is not cleared even when r!!J is pressed or when power is turned
OFF, so contents can be recalled even after E is pressed.
Pressing [E will display the formula from the end, with the cursor located at the space
following the last character. After this, using the~ and [E to move the cursor, the for- ~ PD123t3456~ 123 x 456
mula can be checked and numeric values or commands can be changed for subsequent 56088.
execution.

IExample I PD123t3456~ 123 x 456

56088.

123 x456 123 x 456_

'Replay function is cleared when mode or operation is switched.

123 x 456
56088.

123 x 456_ •Error position display function

When an ERROR message appears during operation execution, the error can be cleared
by pressing them key and the values or formula can be re-entered from the beginning.
IExample I 4.12x3.58+6.4=21.1496 However, by pressing the~ or [E key, the ERROR message is cancelled and the cursor
4.12x3.58-7.1 =7.6496 moves to the point where the error was generated.

IExample I 14 + Ox 2.3 mistakenly input instead of 14 + 1O x 2.3:

E4.12t33.5806.4~ 4.12x3.58+6. -
21.1496 ml14~0t32.3~ Ma ERROR

1- 12 x 3.58+6.4_
~(or [E) 14/0 x 2.3

I
Cursor indicates where error is
generated
-48- -49-
 14/1'.e:x 2.3 ~~
sin Ans_

J
!BOO!ffifil1
l!ll!!I Ill

@] 14/10 x 2.3 @] sin Ans

3.22
0.5
l!ll!!I Ill

. t operation is completed, press@] once again to execute.

When interrup ....----------,
•Multistatement function
•The multistatement function (using colons to separate formulas or statements) availa.
ble in program calculations can also be used for manual calculations.
I 7x8
56.
Ill
•The multistatement function allows formulas to be separated by colons (!filBITJ) to make
consecutive, multiple statement calculations possible.
•When @] is pressed to execute a formula input using the multistatement format, the
formula is executed in order from the beginning.
•Inputting "A" (!filB(1]) in place of the colon (!filBITJ) will display the calculation result
up to that point during execution.
IExample I 6.9x123=848.7
123 _,_ 3.2 = 38.4375

PD123~006.9£t~
(!]~[ZJ~(!]~3.2@]
6.9 xA
848.7
l!ll!!I
J
i
Appears on display when " _. " is used.

A/3.2
38.4375
J
*Even if "A" is not input at the end of a formula, the final result will be displayed.
*Consecutive calculations containing multistatements cannot be performed.
123x456~5
L-1nvalid

•Calculations can be performed while an intermediate result is displayed during execu-

tion interrupted by " .A ".

IExample I 5 x 6 ..illl 7 x 8_

Ill

Sx6
30.
l!ll!!I Ill

-50- -51-
•t Scientific function calculations
•Trigonometric functions and inverse trigonometric functions
•Be sure to set the unit of angular measurement before performing trigonometric tune.
[.l tan
-1 0
·
74 1 =36.53844577°
=36°32'18.4"
~rn __, "l!l"
llffiffil!!m0.741~
llffiffi§
36.53844577
36a32a 18.4
tion and inverse trigonometric function calculations. 'If the total number of digits for degrees/minutes/seconds ex-
ceeds 11 digits, the high-order values (degrees and minutes)
•The unit of angular measurement (degrees, radians, grads) is set by pressing~ fol- are given display priority, and any lower-order values are not
lowed by a value from to !]]. rn displayed. However, the entire value is stored within the unit
as a decimal value.
(90° =~radians= 100 grads)
2 -1 -1 9) 2.5EtITJllffiffil!fil:}0.81:1
2.5 x (sin 0.8- cos 0.
•One~ a unit of angular measurement is set, it remains in effect until a new unit is set. = 68°13' 13.53"
Settings are not cleared when power is switched OFF.
•This operation is invalid in the BASE-N mode. When in the BASE-N mode, make set- •Logarithmic and exponential functions
ting after pressing ~ followed by [[]. •The following operation is invalid in the BASE-N mode. When in the BASE-N mode,
Example Operation Display (Lower) carry out calculation after pressing~ followed by[[].
Example Operation Display
sin 63°52 '41 • = 0.897859012 ~rn -> " m"
~638528418~ 0.897859012 1§)1.23~ 0.089905111
log 1.23 (log101.23) =
8.9905111x10- 2
cos ( -f rad)= 0.5 ~rn __, " rn "
ln90 (log90) = 4.49980967 lli)90~ 4.49980967
§!IITJllffiffiooa 3CD~ 0.5
~456alli:l456~ 0.434294481
log456 + ln456
tan( - 35gra)
= 0.434294481
= -0.612800788 -0.612800788 (log/In ratio~ constant M)

~~1.23~ 16.98243652
2·sin 45° x cos 65° ~rn __, "l!l" 101·23 =16.98243652
(To obtain the anti-logarithm of common logarithm 1.23)
=0.597672477 2Et~45Et§J65~ 0.597672477

L caJ be omitted. e 4·5 =90.0171313 I

(To obtain the anti-logarithm of natural logarithm 4.5)
~~4.5~ 90.0171313

sin- 10.5 = 30° llffiffil!fil:)0.5~ 30.

(Determines x for sinx ~ 0.5) t 104.e-4 + 1.2 .102.3 llffiffi~4Etllffiffi~l8]40
Can be entered as .5 422.5878667
= 422.5878667 1.2Etllffiffi~2.3~

cos- 1 v; =0.785398163 rad ~rn __,"Iii"

(-3) 4=(-3) x(-3)x (-3)x(-3)
81.
llffiffi~ITJ1£12a2CD ~ 0.785398163
= 2- rad =81
4 allffiffioo~ 0.249999999
-81.
-3 4= -(3x3x3x3)= -81

5.62·3 = 52.58143837 5.6~2.3~ 52.58143837

1
\/123 (=1237)
= 1.988647795 71lffiffi~123~ 1.988647795

-52- -53-
(78-23)- 12 •Coordinate transformation
.your scientific calculator lets you convert between rectangular coordinates and polar
= 1.305111829x10- 21
coordinates.
•Rectangular coordinates •Polar coordinates
2+3xV64 -4=10 203£131!ffili)~641:14@1 10,
y y
*xY and V- given calculation
2x 3_4<5 +S.7) = 3306232.001
priority over x and/.

2£13.4~1IJ506. 7[I)@] 3306232.001

,
-- ----- --_____P(x,y)
P(r,8)

•Performing hyperbolic and inverse hyperbolic functions 8

•The following operation is invalid in the BASE-N mode. When in the BASE-N mode x 0 x
carry out calculation after pressing ~ followed by [[). '
•Calculation results are stored in variable memory V and variable memory W. Contents
Example Operation Display (Lower) of variable memory V are displayed initially. To display contents of memory W, press
sinh 3.6= 18.28545536 18.28545536 [@@
v w
cosh 1.23 = 1.856761057 ~§!11.23@] 1.856761057
Pol r 8
Rec x y
tanh 2.5=0.986614298 0.986614298
•With polar coordinates, 8 can be calculated within a range of - 180° < 8 ~ 180°. (Calcu-
cosh 1.5- sinh 1.5 lation range is the same with radians or grads.)
=0.22313016 ~§!11.51:1~~1.5@] 0.22313016 •The following operation is invalid in the BASE-N mode. When in the BASE-N mode,
=e-1.5 (Continuing) [iil)~@J -1.5 carry out calculation after pressing ~ followed by [[).
(Proof of coshx ± sinhx= e ±x) Example Operation Display (Lower)

sinh- 130 = 4.094622224 4.094622224 lfx=14andy=20.7,whatare ~[!]-+"ID"

rand 8°? l!ffili)~14[!]20.7[I)@J 24.98979792 (r)
(Continuing) @]~ l!ffili)i;;J 55a 55a 42.2 (8)
cosh- 1 (~~)=0.795365461 0. 795365461
If .x= 7.5 and y = -10, what are ~00 -+ "Iii"
Determine the value of x when tanh 4x= 0.88 12.5 (r)
rand 8 rad? l!ffili)~7.5[!JIBJ10[I)@J
(Continuing)~~ - 0.927295218 (8)
x = tanh - 10.88
4 0.343941914
= 0.343941914 If r=25 and 8=56°, what are x ~[!]-+ "ID"
and y? l!ffili) ~25[!]56[I)@J 13.97982259 (x)
(Continuing) ~~ 20. 72593931 (.v)
sinh- 12x cosh- 11.5 1.389388923
= 1.389388923 2
If r=4.5 and 8= 311"rad, what ~!])-+ "Iii"
l!IDTil ~4.50m2a3a
are x and y?
sinh- 1 (~)+tanh- 1 (~) ~~!illlm2a3rno~
l!ffili)(ID[I)[IJ~ -2.25 (x)
(Continuing)~~ 3.897114317 (.v)
= 1.723757406 ~l!!ID!Il4a5rn~ 1. 723757406

-54- -55-
 •Permutation and combination
•Total number of permutations •Total number of combinations 1 other functio~s.<".· ~ 2 ~ x- 1 , x!, 3 v, Ran#).
•The following operation 1s invalid in the BASE-N mode. When in the BASE-N mode,
nPr=-n_!_ nCr- nl carry out calculation after pressing ~followed by!]).
(n-r)! rl (n-r)!
Example Operation Display
•The following operation is invalid in the BASE-N mode. When in the BASE-N mode .J2+Y5 = 3.65028154 3.65028154
carry out calculation after pressing ~ followed by !]). '

Example Operation Display (Lower) 2[!i]!ffi~03@~0

Taking any four out of ten

items and arranging them in a
- 4@~05@~@] 54.

row, how many different ar- 5040. (-3) 2 =(-3) x(-3)=9 9.

rangements are possible?
10P4=5040
_3 2 = -(3x3)= -9 -9.
Using any four numbers from ~=12 ill3@~Cl4@~(I]
1 to 7, how many four-digit 1-1 @~@] 12.
even numbers can be formed 3 4
if none of the four digits con-
sist of the same number?
(~ of the total number of 8!( = 1 x 2 x 3 x .. .. . x 8) 40320.
360. =40320
permutations will be even.)
7P4X ~=360
7 J36 x42 x 49=42
3 @!Bill36£f42£f49
(I]@] 42.
If any four items are removed
from a total of 1O items, how Random number generation
many different combinations (pseudorandom number from 0.000
of four items are possible? 210. to 0.999) @~@) (Ex.) 0.792
10C4=210

J132 -5 2 +J32 +42 =17 0ill13@~1:15@

If 5 class officers are being
~ill00ill3@~
selected for a class of 15
boys and 10 girls, how many 04@~(I]@J 17.
combinations are possible? At
least one girl must be includ- 25@~51:115 J1 - sin 240° = 0. 766044443 ~rn --. .. l!l ,,
ed in each group. @~5@] 50127. = cos40° 0ill1 l:lilll!l!l40(I]
2sCs -1sCs = 50127 @~(I]@] o. 766044443
(Proof of cos6=.J1 - sin2/i) (Continuing) @~I§)@] 40.

2@@)@~04@@)
@~06@@)1@1~08
= 0.543080357 @@)@~@] 0.543080357
-56-
-57-
•Fractions
•Fractions are input and displayed in the following order: integer, numerator,
Example Operation
denominator~
Display (Lower)
• • ~gineering symbol calculations
•This unit allows engineering calculations utilizing engineering symbols.
I•
•The Eng mode is specified by pressing ~c:J in the COMP mode(~[[)), LR mode
(§!If.ID), SD mode(~(]]) ("Eng" symbol appears on display). To exit from this mode,
.£+31-=3~
5 4 20
2~5Cl3~1~4@] 3.J13.J20, press §18 once again.
= 3.65 (Conversion to decimal)~ 3.65 Operation Unit Unit symbol
•Fractions can be converted to decimals, and then converted back
to fractions. 103 k (kilo)
I@)@ (=[I]) 106 M (mega)
456 11
378=813 (Reduced) 3~456~78@] 109
I@)[[] ( = [[]) G (giga)
(Continuing) llfilill~
1012 T (tera)
•Fractions and improper fractions which can be reduced become
liillJITl(=OO)
reduced fractions when the calculation command key is pressed. liillJ@l (=W) 10- 3 m (milli)
Press liillill~ to convert to improper fraction.
1@10 (=[!]) 10-6 µ (micro)
I@)@] ( = (]]) 10-9 n (nano)
1 1
2578 + 4572 10-12
liilll@l (=rn) p (pico)
= 6.066202547 x 10- 4 1~2578Cl1~4572@] 6.066202547-04 10-15
(Norm mode) l@JCD (=III) f (femto)

·when the total number of characters, including integer, numer-

ator, denominator and delimiter mark exceeds 10, the input frac- Example Operation Display (Lower)
tion is automatically displayed in decimal format.
~c:J --> "Eng"
1 999k (kilo)+ 25k (kilo) 9991lfilill[K)Cl251lfilill[K)@l
2 x0.5=0.25 I
0.25 = 1.024M (mega)
·calculations containing both fractions and decimals are calcu-
lated in decimal format.
10om (milli) x 5µ (micro) 500."
= 500n (nano)

9 + 1O=0.9 = 900m (milli) 9~10@] 900.m

llfilill~ 0.9
1 ~2£t1 ~3Cl1 ~4£t
~ 900.m
1~5@]

1
_g_= l
3 6

1~CD1~3CI1 ~40J@l

·when parentheses are used in numerators or denominators, it

is possible to carry out fractional calculations.

-58- -59-
•I Binary, octal, decimal, hexadecimal calculations!.
•Binary, octal, decimal and hexadecimal calculations, conversions and logical operations
are performed in the BASE-N mode (press ~ITJ).
.calculation range (in BASE-N mode)
Binary Positive : 011111111111111111111111111111112:x2:0
Negative : 11111111111111111111111111111111 ~ x -
~10000000000000000000000000000000
•The number system (2, 8, 10, 16) is set by respectively pressing @ID,!@, rnrn or @J. A Positive : 17777777777 ~ x ~ 0
Octal
corresponding symbol - "b", "o", "d" or "H" appears on the display. Negative : 37777777777 ~ x ~ 20000000000
•Number systems are specified for specific values by pressing@. then the number sys-
tem designator (b, o, d, or h), immediately followed by the value. Decimal Positive : 2147483647~x~O
•General function calculations cannot be performed in the BASE-N mode. Negative : -1 ~x~ -2147483648
•Only integers can be handled in the BASE-N mode. If a calculation produces a result Hexadecimal Positive : 7FFFFFFF~x~O
that includes a decimal value, the decimal portion is cut off. Negative : FFFFFFFF~x~8ooooooo
•If values not valid for the particular number system are used, attach the corresponding
designator (b, o, d or h), or an error message will appear.
Number system Valid values •Binary and octal block display
Binary 0, 1 In the binary mode, a maximum of 32 digits are displayed in 4 blocks of a digits. In the
Octal 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 octal mode, a maximum of 11 digits are displayed in one block of 8 digits, and a second
block of 3 digits.
Decimal 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
Hexadecimal 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F @xample I In binary mode:

Block 4 Block 3 Block 2 Block 1

•To distinguish the A, B, C, D, E and Fused in the hexadecimal system from standard
letters, they appear as shown in the chart below. 10000111 01100101 01000011 00100001

Key Display (Upper)

i..--------32 digits---------i
1?6.1 ( = IBJ) IA
00 (= 8) IB In octal mode:
[£}(= ~) c
Block 2 Block 1
mi(=~) ID
012 34567012
00 (= §1) IE
(!] ( = [§]) IF

•Negative numbers in binary, octal and hexadecimal are expressed as two's complements.
·~mber of digits displayed in each number system
•In the binary mode, Block 1 is displayed immediately after calculation. Other blocks are
Number system Number of digits displayed displayed by pressing the~ key. The block number increments each time you press
Binary Up to 32 digits (8 digits x 4 blocks) the~ key. The 4-digit symbol display at the upper right indicates the block presently
6ctal Up to 11 digits (8 digits+ 3 digits) being displayed. To reverse the order (shift from Block 4 to Block 3, etc.), press@~.
Decimal Up to 10 digits
Indicates Block 1 presently displayed
Hexadecimal Up to 8 digits r---~~~~---..,i---.

1000011 CICICl~-
00100001 b (Block 1)

-60- -61-
 Block 2
--;-
Binary, octal, decimal, hexadecimal conversions
1000011 Cl C l . Cl .. •
There
are two ways to perform reciprocal binary, octal, decimal and hexadecimal con-
01000011 b (Block 2) ·~
versions.
conversion using number system specification key
Block 3
:Siue from a different number system input when a specific number system mode is be-
.- ing used .
1000011 C l . Cl Cl-
Example Operation Display (Lower)
01100101 b (Block 3)

Block 4 d
.- 42
1000011 •1:11:11:1-
d

10000111 b (Block 4) 188 d

1000011 CICICI . . . What are the hexadecimal ffi!!] -+ "H"

00100001 b (Returns to Block t) values for 123 10 and 1010 2 ? l!ffi!!J@)1231ili] 0000007b H

@(fil10101ili! OOOOOOOA H

1000011 •C1C1CI,...

10000111 b (Returns to Block 4)

What are the octal values for
15 16 and 1100 2?
~ -> "o"
...
•In the octal mode, Block 1 is displayed immediately after calculation. Block 2 displayed l!ill!!J(fil 11001@
00000025
00000014
...° 0

by pressing the~ key. The block display switches between Block 1 and Block 2 each
time you press the~ key. The 2-digit symbol display at the upper right indicates the What are the binary values for ~ -> "b"
block presently being displayed. 36 10 and 2C 16? r:::::ICll:I•
00100100 b

012345670 .. ·- 00101100 b
34567012 ° (Block l)
•Conversion using number system mode key
012345670 .... Calculation results can be converted to any specified number system by using the cor-
012 0 (Block 2) responding number system mode key.
Example Operation Display (Lower)
012345670 .... How is 22 10 expressed in
34567012 0 (Returns to Block 1) binary, octal and hexadecimal
~-> "d"
number systems?
221ili] 22 d

l!ffiJ

~
00010110
00000026
... b

~ 00000016 H

-62- -63-
•Negative expressions •Basic arithmetic operations using binary, octal, decimal
and hexadecimal values
_____E_x_a_m_p_le_ _ _ _+-_ _ _O_;_p_er_a_li_o_n_ _ _-+__
D_is..:.p_la--'y_(:..._L_ow.:..:e:::r)._. ·•A·
Example Operation Display (Lower)
l!!!IDGJ
~GJ
How is 110010 2 expressed as !!!] -+ "b"
a negative? 00!1 -+ "b"
1:::11:::11:1 ..
~110010~ 11001110 b
CICICI•

10111011010~ 00110001 b
c11::::1•1:1
~ 11111111 b
..... "! ffi!!1-+ "H"
~ 11111111 b
B47IDDF~ OOOOOA68 H
•cu::11:1
~ 11111111 b
123 8 xABC 16 = 37AF4ie l!ffiill@J 123EtABC~ 00037AF4
...
H

How is 72 8 expressed as a mE!1 -+ "o" =22808410 @£) 228084 d

negative? ~72~

~
77777706

377
... 0

0 1F2D 16 -100 10 = 7881 1o l!ffiillllil1F2DID100~ 7881 d

= 1EC9 16 ffi!!l 00001EC9 H

How is 3A 16 expressed as a ffi!!l-+ "H"
negative?
~3A~ FFFFFFC6 H 76549+1210=334.333333310 @£)-+ "d"
=516 8 334 d

~ 00000516 0

*Calculation results are displayed with the decimal portion cut off.

123410+ 1EF15+ 24a l!ffiill@J 1234Dl!ffiillllil

Cl•
=2352 8 1EFD24~ 00002352 0

= 125810 @£) 1258 d

*For mixed basic arithmetic operations, multiplication and divi-

sion are given priority over ~ddition and subtraction.

-64- -65-
•Logical operations
Logical operations ~reper.formed through logical products (and), logical sums (or), ' '
gat1on (Not), exclusive logic sums (xor), and negation of exclusive logical sums ( Ile,
-------;:=:::::-;-:-------i_:__:__-::--_:__ __:___:_==;..:::....:::.~::....:::=~xnnor).
,. ll[]§!istical calculations I•
. unit can be used to make statistical calculations including standard deviation in the
~srnode, and regression calculation in the LR mode.
Example Operation Display (Lower)

istandard deviation
In the SD mode, calculations including 2 types of standard deviation formulas, mean,
191s AND 1A15= 1815 ffi!!J -+ "H" number of data, sum of data, and sum of squares can be performed.
00000018 H
•Data input
11102 AND 36a= 11102 ~ ---+. "b" 1. press §@00 to specify the SD mode.
2. press lfil!]~~ to clear the statistical memories.
c11:11::::1•
1110@~@@]36~ 00001110 b
. Input data, pressing @I key (=~)each time a new piece of data is entered. For nega-
3
23a OR 61a=63a [Q£!] -+ "o"
23@~61~ 00000063
... 0
tive values, press

~ Data: 10, 20, 30

!Bl followed by @).

Key operation: 10@120@130@1

ffi!!I -+ "H"
120@~@lli)1101 ~ 0000012d H
•When multiples of the same data are input, two different entry methods are possible:
~Data: 10, 20, 20, 30
10102 AND (A1s OR 715) ~ -+ "b" Key operation: 10@120@1@130@1
= 10102 101 O@~ITJ@lliJA The previously entered data is entered again each time the @I key is pressed without
CICICI•
@~@lli]7[IJ~ 00001010 b entering data (in this case 20 is re-entered).

IH!!J -+ "H" @mple 2 J Data: 10, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 30
00000006 H Key operation: 10@120@[I)6@130@1
By pressing @ and then entering a semicolon followed by a value that represents the
2A1s XNOR 5D15 = FFFFFF8815 1H!!J -+ "H" number of items the data is repeated (6, in this case) and the @I key, the multiple data
2A@~5D~ FFFFFF88 H entries (for 20, in this case) are made automatically.

Negation of 1234 8 [Q£!J -+ "o"

~1234~ 77776543
... 0
•Deleting input data
There are various ways to delete value data, depending on how and where it was entered.

@xample 1 J 40@120@130@150@1
Negation of 2FFFED 16 li!!iJ -+ "H" To delete 50, press @@.
~2FFFED~ FFd00012 H
[Example 2 J 40@120@130@150@1
To delete 20, press 20 @@.

JExample 3 J 30@150@1120@1Il
To delete 120 @[I), press f!i.

-66- -67-
IExample 41 30[Q!)SO[Q!)1201!E@[I)31 Example Operation Display (Lower)
To delete 120 l!E@[I) 31, press m!J.
oata 55, 54, 51, 55, 53, 53, ~(]]_,"SD"
IExamples I 30[Q!)SO[Q!)1201!E@[I)31 IQ!) 54, 52 (Memory cleared) M[gjl~
To delete 120 l!E@ITJ 31 IQ!), press l!E@@J. 55[Q!)54[Q!)51[Q!)55[Q!)53
IExamples I 50[Q!)1201!E@[I)31 [Q!)40[Q!)30[Q!) [Q!)[Q!J 54 IQ!) 52 IQ!) 52.
To delete 120 l!E@ITJ 31 IQ!), press 120 l!E@ITJ 31 l!E@@J. •Results can be obtained in any order desired.

IExample 71 0101Q!J020IQ!J030[Q!) I (Standard deviation an) M§l~ 1.316956719

To delete 0 20 IQ!), press 0 20 ~~l!E@@J.
(Standard deviation an-1)M@~ 1.407885953
Note: You need to press ~~ to delete a calculation result, such as v'20. (Mean x) MOO~ 53.375
IExamples I 010IQ!J020[Q!)[D30[Q!) (Number of data n) M0J~ 8.
To delete 0 20 !QTI, press 0 20 l!E®ITJIBI 1 IQ!). (Sum total Ex) M~~ 427.
(Sum of squares l.:x 2 ) M~~ 22805.
•Performing calculations
The following procedures are used to perform the various standard deviation calculations.
What is deviation of the unbi- (Continuing) M@i!E®~~ 1.982142857
Key operation Result ased variance, the difference
551::1MOO~ 1.625
between each datum, and the
M§l~ Population standard deviation xan §] =c:J mean of the above data? 541::1MOO~ 0.625
M@~ Sample standard deviation xan-1 @=@) 51 l::IMOO~ -2.375
MOO~ Mean 00 =@)
M~~ Sum of squares of data ~=CD
M~~ Sum of data ~ =[]] What is x and an -1 for the fol- M[gjl~
lowing table? 110@[I)10[Q!)
Milll~ Number of data 0J =(]] 110.
Class no. Value Frequency
1301!E@[I)31 IQ!) 130.
Standard deviation and mean calculations are performed as shown below: 1 110 10
2 130 31 1501!E@[I)24[Q!) 150.
•Standard deviation 3 150 24 170 [Q!)[Q!) 170.
4 170 2
Using the entire data of a finite] 190 [Q!)[Q!J[Q!) 190.
f
i=1
(xl -x) 2 [ population to estimate the stan- 5 190 3
dard deviation for the population. M0J~ 70.
n n
MOO~ 137. 7142857
Using sample data for a population] M@~ 18.42898069
f
i=1
(x-x)
I
2 [ to estimate the standard deviation
for the population.
n-1 n-1

•Mean
n
Ex;
i=1 Ex
x n n

-68- -69-
 •Regression calculation
In the LR mode, calculations including linear regression, logarithmic regression, exponen- ~
To delete 20 0 20 @], press 20 0 20 liE!ill§.
tial regression, and power regression can be performed.

• Linear regression ~010040@]

Linear regression calculations are carried out using the following formula: y =A+ Bx. ~020020@]
•Data input 030030@1
1. Press ~(]] to specify the LR mode. 040050@]
2. Press ~~~ to clear the statistical memories. To delete 0 20 0 20 @], press 0 20 ~~0 20 liE!ill§.
3. Input data in the following format:
<x data> 0 <y data> @]
~
To delete 0 20 0 20 @], press 0 20 0 20 liE!illOJIBJ 1 @].
*When multiples of the same data are input, two different entry methods are possible:
IExample 1 I Data: 10/20, 20/30, 20/30, 40/50
Key operation: 10020@]
20030@] •Performing calculations
@] The following procedures are used to perform the various linear regression calculations.
40050@] Key operation Result
The previously entered data is entered again each time the @] key is pressed (in this lfilf)[AJ~ Constant term of regression A (A] =lfilID
case 20/30 is re-entered).
lfilf)l]J~ Regression coefficient B 00 =@J
IExample 2 I Data: 10/20, 20/30, 20/30, 20/30, 20/30, 20/30, 40/50 lfilf)[D~ Correlation coefficient r l:D=ITJ
Key operation: 10020@]
lfilf)~~ Estimated value of x ~=ITJ
20030liE!ill0]5@]
lfilf)[2]~ Estimated value of y !2l=0
40050@]
By pressing liE!ill and then entering a semicolon followed by a value that represents the The regression formula is y =A+ Bx. The constant term of regression A, regression coeffi-
number of times the data is repeated (5, in this case) and the@] key, the multiple data cient B, correlation coefficient r, estimated value of x, and estimated value of y are calcu-
entries (for 20/30, in this case) are made automatically.
lated as shown below:
•Deleting input data A= Ey-B•Ex n•Exy- Ex·Ey
B
There are various ways to delete value data, depending on how and where it was entered. n n •Ex 2 - (Ex)2
IExample 1 J 10040@] r= n•Exy-Ex•Ey
20020@] J[n·Ex 2 -(Ex) 2] [n•Ey 2 -(Ey) 2 ]
30030@]
40050 .Y=A+Bx x= y-A
B
To delete 40 0 50, press E.
IExample 2 J 10040@]
20020@]
30030@]
40050@]
To delete 40 0 50 @], press liE!ill§.

-70- -71-
 11 ,.....--
Example Operation Display (L ower)
- ~
To delete [Iii) 1O 0 20 IQ!), press lliiJ
I 10 0 20 liH!ffiQJIB 1 IQ!J.
•Temperature and length of a
steel bar ~[]] __, "LR"
.performing calculations
(Memory clear) ~~@)
Temp. Length The following procedures are used to perform the various calculations.
10010031Q!) 10. ..--
10°C 1003mm Key operation Result
15010051Q!) 15.
15°C 1005mm r-lfil1)[IJ@J Con slant term of regression A [IJ=lfilID
20°C 1010mm 20010101Q!) 20.
lfil1)[[]@1 Reg ression coefficient B [[]=IBID
25°C 1011mm 25010111Q!) 25. i-lfil1)0@1 Correlation coefficient r 0=(]]
30°C 1014mm 30010141Q!) 30.
ylfil1)00@JliH!ffi~~@) Esti mated value of x OO=CIJ
[I@x~(2)@) Esti mated value of y (2)=0
Using this table, the regres- (Constant term A) ~IA]@) 997.4
sion formula and correlation If we assume that lnx=x, the logari thmic regression formula y =A+ B·lnx becomes the
(Regression coefficient B) ~[[]@) 0.56 linear regression formula y =a+ bx. Therefore, the formulas for constant term A, regres-
coefficient can be obtained.
Based on the coefficient for- (Correlation coefficient r) ~0@1 0.982 607368 sion coefficient B and correlation coefficient r are identical for logarithmic and linear
mula, the length of the steel (Length at 18°C) 18~(2)@) regression.
bar at 18°C and the tempera- 1007.48
ture at 1OOOmm can be esti- (Temperature at 1000mm) A number of logarithmic regression calculation results differ from those produced by linear
mated. Furthermore, the 1000~00@1 4.642 857143 regression. Note the following:
critical coefficient (r2) and
covariance (Critical coefficient)~01iH!ffi~@J 0.965 517241
Linear regression Logarithmic regression
(Covariance) (]]~§l:l~(fil
( Exy-n·x·Y) Ex Elnx
n-1 f3~~f3~~rn~m Ex 2 E(lnx)2
can also be calculated. ~(fill:l 1 CIJ@J
Exy Elnx·
35.
Example Operation Display (Lower)
•Logarithmic regression
xi yi ~(])
M --+ "LR"
Logarithmic regression calculations are carried out using the following formula:
y=A+B·lnx. 29 1.6 ~~@)
50 23.5
74 38.0 lliil2901.61Q!) 3.36729583
•Data input
103 46.4 [Iii)50023.51Q!) 3.912023005
1. Press ~[]] to specify the LR mode. 118 48.9
2. Press ~~@) to clear the statistical memories. [Iii)74038.0IQ!) 4.304065093
3. Input data in the following format: [Iii)103046.4@!) 4.634728988
lliil <x data> 0 <y data> IQ!) Through logarithmic regres- [Iii)118048.9@!) 4. 770684624
*To make multiple entries of the same data, follow procedures described for linear regres- sion of the above data, the (Constant term A) ~IA]@) -111.1283976
sion, however always press lliil before inputting x data. regression formula and corre-
lation coefficient are obtained. (Regression coefficient B) ~[[]@) 34.02014749
•Deleting input data Furthermore, respective esti- (Correlation coefficient r) ~0@1 0.994013946
mated values y and x can be
To delete input data, follow the procedures described for linear regression, but be sure obtained for xi= 80 and (.Y when xi=80) llii)80~(21@) 37.94879482
to use the lliil key when specifying x data for deletion. yi = 73 using the regression (f when yi= 73)
formula.
I Example 1 I 73~00@JliH!ffi~~@) 224.1541314
To delete lliil 10 0 20 IQ!), press lliil 10 @1~0 20 liH!ffi§.
-72- -73-
• Exponential regression Example Operation Display (Lower)
Exponential regression calculations are carried out using the following formula:
y=A•e8 ·x (lny=lnA+Bx) xi yi ~rn--> "LR"
6.9 21.4
•Data input ~~Ifill
12.9 15.7
1. Press ~rn to specify the LR mode. 6.9[Dllii]21.4[Q!J 6.9
19.8 12.1
2. Press ~~Ifill to clear the statistical memories. 12.9[Dllii]15.7[Q!J 12.9
3. Input data in the following format: 26.7 8.5
35.1 5.2 19.8[Dllii]12.1 [QI] 19.8
<x data> [Dllii] <y data> [QI]
26. 7[Dllii]8.5[Q!J 26.7
*To make multiple entries of the same data, follow procedures described for linear regres.
sion, however always press lliil before inputting y data. Through exponential regres- 35.1 [Dllii]5.2[Q!J 35.1
sion of the above data, the
(Constant term A) liE!ffi~~IXJlfill 30.49758742
regression formula and corre-
•Deleting input data
lation coefficient are obtained. (Regression coefficient B) ~[[)Ifill - 0.049203708
To delete input data, follow the procedures described for linear regression, but be sure Furthermore, the regression
to use the lliiJ key when specifying y data for deletion. (Correlation coefficient r) ~[!]Ifill - 0.997247351
formula is used to obtain the
respective estimated values of (y when xi~ 16)
I Example 1I y and x, when xi= 16 and 16~[2)1fillliE!ffi~~lfill 13.87915739
To delete 10 [Dllii] 20 [QI], press lliil 20 lfil] 10 CD~liE!ffi@Y. yi=20. ( x when yi ~ 20) lliiJ 20 ~(%]Ifill 8.574868046

IExample 2 I
To delete 10 [Dllii] 20 [QI], press 10 [Dllii] 20 liE!ffiITl1811 [QI].
• Power regression
Power regression calculations are carried out using the following formula: y = A·x•
•Performing calculations
(lny = lnA + Blnx)
The following procedures are used to perform the various calculations.
Key operation Result •Data input
liE!ffi~~!Xllfill Constant term of regression A IXl=lfilID 1. Press ~rn to specify the LR mode.
2. Press ~~Ifill to clear the statistical memories.
~[[)Ifill Regression coefficient B [[)=~
3. Input data in the following format:
~[!]Ifill Correlation coefficient r CD=ITJ lliiJ <x data> 0lliil <y data> [QI]
lliiJy~OOlfill Estimated value of x OO=rn
*To make multiple entries of the same data, follow procedures described for linear regres-
x~[2)1fillliE!ffi~~lfill Estimated value of y [2]=0 sion, however always press lliiJ before inputting x data and y data.
If we assume that lny=y and lnA=a', the exponential regression formula y=A•e 8 •x
(lny = lnA +Bx) becomes the linear regression formula y =a+ bx. Therefore, the formu- •Deleting input data
las for constant term A, regression coefficient B and correlation coefficient rare identical To delete input data, follow the procedures described for linear regression, but be sure
for exponential and linear regression. to use the lliil key when specifying x and y data for deletion.

A number of exponential regression calculation results differ from those produced by linear !Example 1 I
regression. Note the following: To delete lliiJ 10 [Dllii] 20 [QI], press lliiJ 10 lfilID!Xllliil 20 lfill~IXICD~liE!ffi@Y.
Linear regression Exponential regression
!Example 2 I
I:y I:lny
I:y2 I:(lny)2 To delete lliil 10 [Dllii] 20 [QI], press lliiJ 10 [Dllii] 20 liE!ffiITJ1811 [QI].
I:xy Ex·lny

-74- -75-
•Performing calculations
The following procedures are used to perform the various calculations.
I [ Formula memory function
Key operation Result
1Purpose of the formula memory function
llffilil~~!Al~ Constant term of regression A !Al=lfilru This unit has a built-in formula memory that allows consecutive execution of the same
lfilf)(]]~ Regression coefficient B OO=lllil formula, using different variables. The memory function keys ([@, ~. ~) are used to
lfilf)[!J~ Correlation coefficient r operate this memory.
0=ITJ
!iiiJylfilEJOO~~~~~ Estimated value of x OO=ITJ @!ID@l: Inputs displayed formula into memory.
@i]: Displays formula retained in memory.
!iiilxlfilEJ~~llffilil~~~ Estimated value of y ~=0
I@!: Used to calculate results of formula when variable is input.
If we assume that lny=y, lnA=a' and lnx=x, the power regression formula y=A•x•
(lny = lnA + Blnx) becomes the linear regression formula y = a+ bx. Therefore, the formulas There is only a single formula memory (formulas connected as multistatements are counted
for constant term A, regression coefficient B and correlation coefficient r are identical as a single formula). The maximum formula length is 127 steps. Calculation modes are
for power and linear regression. retained in memory along with the formula, so the mode is recalled along with the formu-
la in memory. Execution of the formula stored in memory is carried out by pressing the
A number of power regression calculation results differ from those produced by linear
regression. Note the following: I@! key.

Linear regression Power regression I

@ample 1 To memorize, display and calculate the following formula:
Y=X2+3X-12
Ex Elnx
Ex 2 E(lnx) 2 Formula input
Ey Elny
Ey2 E(lny) 2 ~CYJ~§J~CKJ~~GI Y=X2+3X-12_
Exy Elnx-lny 3~ooa12
liJ
Example Operation Display (Lower)
Formula stored in.to memory
xi yi ~!])->"LR"
2410
~@]
28 ~~~
30 3033
!iii1280!iii1241 Or@ 3.33220451 liJ
33 3895
!iiil300!iiil3033[@ 3.401197382
35 4491 Check formula
38 5717 !iiil330!iiil3895[@ 3.496507561
@TI Y=X2+3X-12_
!iiil350!iiil4491 [@ 3.555348061
Through power regression of !iiil380!iiil5717[@ 3.63758616 liJ
the above data, the regres-
(Constant term A) ~~lii!!l!AJ~ 0.238801082
sion formula and correlation Calculation
coefficient are obtained. Fur- (Regression coefficient B) lfilEI 00~ 2.771866148
thermore, the regression for-
(Correlation coefficient r) lfilf)[!]~ 0.998906256 ~ X?
mula is used to obtain the 0.
respective estimated values of (jl when xi= 40) liJ
x,
y and when xi= 40 and !iiil401filf)~~~~~~ 6587.674743
yi= 1000.
(x when yi = 1000)
!iii11 OOOlii!!lOO~~~
~~ 20.26225659

-76- -77-
 1 ,....
Value input for variable eUsin g formula memory in creating tables
7~ 3X-12 BY insert ing a""", it is possible to write multiple formulas. This makes it easy to create
58. tables, such as the one shown below.
Ill ~
Exam pl Complete the following table:
X?
.1] I-
A
4.27
8.17
B
1.17
6.48
P=AxB O=A/B

8~ 3X-12
6.07 9.47
76.
Ill 2.71 4.36
1.98 3.62
*Press ~ key in place of ~ key to execute calculation. .....

I
When formula is displayed, corrections or alterations can also be made. Solution @@~~§][ill@[KJ£t~[[l P=AxBAIQ=A/B_
~~@@@]~§]@@[KJ~
IExample 2 I Changing [Y=X2+3X-12] to [Y=X2+5X-12]: till@[[) Ill

Formula displayed 001@

~
X-~-J @fill (Calculation started) A?
Ill I
0.
Move cursor to position where
correction is to be made.
Ill I
4.27~ (Input A) B?
X-12 0.
Ill J Ill I
1. 17~ P=AxB

-
(Input B)
Make correction 4.9959
5 X_-12
Ill I

Input into memory

Ill I Q=A/B
3.64957265
Ill

A?
001@ 4.27
Ill
Ill I 8. 17~ (Input A) B?
Check formula 1.17
Ill
~ X-12_
6.48~ P=AxB

-
(Input B)
Ill I 52.9416
Ill
To clear the contents of the formula memory, press E followed by @Til(OO
-78- -79-
 Q=A/B 5~ A"UNIT PRICE -
1.260802469 500.
Ill

Text which is over 12 characters in length is shown from the left and followed by a "?".
A? To view the all of the text, use the [E and §] key to scroll left and right.
~ Write formula [A "SINGLE UNIT PRICE" x BJ to memory:

(Continuation omitted) ~~[K]l!!][[J[I]ffi)@J[g[[) - IT PRICE" x B_

~[[]ffi)ITJCTJ~~[]]ITJ@]
[[)l!!J~f3~[[]
<NOTES> @ill]@)
(1) A maximum of 127 steps can be input into the formula memory, using the@) key.
(2) Memory contents are protected even when power is turned OFF (or when auto power
OFF function turns power OFF). However, when a new formula is input into memory,
~ SINGLE UNIT? -
the previous formula is deleted.
(3) Array variables cannot be used in formulas input into memory. If used, it will be im-
0.
possible to input variables into formula on display.
(4) Variable memories can hold only one variable each.
Example: Ax BC NO!
~ - INGLE UNIT ?
0.
-
Ax BxC YES!
(5) Consecutive calculations using Cl, Cl, £1, ~. and llilll~ can be performed utilizing ~ - NGLE UNIT P? -
formula calculation answers. 0.
~ - GLE UNIT PR? -
•Text display
Using double quotation marks, it is possible to assign names to variables in memory.
0.
IExample I Write formula (A "UNIT PRICE"
Formula input ~~[KJl!!][[]ffi)[IJCTJ@.@
x BJ to memory:
~~~~~~~~~

- IT PRICE" x B_
~ - LE UNIT PRI?
0.
-
~[]]ITJ@][[)l!!J~f3~[[]
~ - E UNIT PRIC?
0.
-

UNIT PRICE?
~ - UNIT PRICE?
0.
0.
100~ B?
(B - E UNIT PRIC?
0.
-
0.

-80- -81-
 Text can be assigned to a variable memory used in a substitution formula by enclosing
the text in double quotation marks. Then when the formula is executed, the text appears
on the display.

/Example I Write [A "ANSWER" = 123 x 456]:

- ER"=123x456_

. . . _- _ _ _ I_

ANSWER=
56088.
]

Section 3 Integration
Calculation
Text which is over 12 characters in length is shown from the left and followed by a "= ".

/Example/ Write [A "ABCDEFGHIJKLMN" = 123] to memory:

Input of function f(x) and integration calculation
r@l@@l]J~i]][]]@J@)[[)[[) - IJKLMN"=123_
@ffi)OJQJIBJ[D@(fil~lfilB
§1123
!@I@]

1-
____ ]
ABCDEFGHIJK= ~
123.
*You can use the~ and@] key to scroll the text left and right while execution is stopped
by a "l!Jmll" symbol.

-82-
I Section 3 ))))) Integration Calculation
•Examples of operation.
~ Calculate the following: J; 5 (2x 2 +3x+4)dx
•Integration calculation can be carried out by entering the integral calculus formula in
the following format: (§@0 (Specify "l!l ") IL--_ _ _ _ _ _ l!l_~
~~ f(x) 0 q_ 0 Q 0 !1 III

l L L_ Value of n when number of divisions N ~ 2"

Ending point
Starting point
@ill@2@@0000~H3
l!iillJCKJH40 (f(x) input)
J(2X 2+3X+4,_
l!l

y J (f(x), a, b, n) => J;,bf(x) dx, N=2"

1050 (a, b input)
_ 2+3X+4, 1,5,_
l!l

6CD (n input) - 3X+4, 1,5,6L

Area ca1culated by J: f(x)dx l!l
Answer displayed
in approximately 15

@) (Calculation executed) J(2X2+3X+4, 1

134.6666667
- seconds

l!l

lmJ@] G=
•Integration calculation is performed using Simpson's rule to determine functionf(x). 1. Ia
l!l
Because of this, partition of the integrated area is necessary, however if the number I
of divisions is not specified, the unit automatically sets N according to the formula. To H=
tmlffiJ

•I I•
specify the number of divisions for N = 2", n can be an integer from 1 -9. 5.
l!l
Ib
I

Input of function /(x) and integration calculation I=

(1) Press~~ to specify integration calculation.
(2) Input the formula for the function f(x), then input integral partitions [a, b].
tm!OJ
I J=
64.
[!] IN

*f(x) can use the X variable only. Anything other than X (A - W, Y, Z or array varia- tmJQ]
bles) is treated as a constant, and its memory contents are applied. 134.6666667 Lb f(x)dx
l!l
(3) Next input n (number of divisions for N = 2-n, n being an integer between 1 and 9)
and finish by inputting a parenthesis.
tm!IBJ K=
*Input of n (number of divisions for N=2") and parenthesis can be omitted. When 9. \f(a)
l!l
input is omitted, N is automatically set.
(4) Press @) to execute calculation. L=
*Results are displayed in a few seconds or a number of minutes (mantissa is number
(illj[I)
69. \f(b)
of significant digits). Note that following integration data is input in memories G - L: l!l

Memory G H I J K L

Data a b 2" fab(f(x))dx f(a) f(b)

-84- -85-
I Example 2 j Calculate the following, omitting specification of the number of •Application of integration calculation
divisions: ]; 3 (logx) dx •Integrals or results of integration calculations can be used in arithmetic calculations.

~ J,,bf(x)dx+ J;dg(x)dx, 2 x J,,bf(x)dx, etc.

~m (Specify "l!l ")
• Results of integration calculation cannot be used in integration calculation formulas.
Ill
.when calculating area, Abs (absolute value) should be inserted into formula:
00~[§)@@[]][!] ! (log X, J (Abs f(x), a, b, n) => J,,b I f(x) I dx
(f(x) input)
Ill

1[!]3Q] (a, b input) 1- log X, 1,3Llil f(x)

Answer displayed
in approximately 8
seconds
~ (Calculation executed) !(log X, 1,3)
0.56277
Ill

@]@] G=
1. a
Ill

@](]] H=
3. b Calculate the [ - 7', 7r) areas of f(x) =sin x. Omit input of number of divisions.
Ill

@][TI I= ~[[] (Specify "111 ")

32. N (n = 5)
I!]

@JQJ J= 00~00~~@@[]][!] - Abs sin X, _

0.56277 (f(x) input)
Ill

@JIKJ K= !BIOOOOC!JOOOODJ -sin x,-7!",.7r)_

0. (a, b input)
Ill Answer displayed
in approximately 20
L=
~~ -1
@][IJ ~ (Calculation executed)
seconds

0.477121254 f(b) !<Abs sin

Ill

~a.1415926~4 Ia

Ha.1415926~4 lb
-86- -87-
 IB£YOJ I= .i
64.
Ill IN
IB£YCD J=
4.
Ill
11/f(x)dx
IB£Y[KJ K=
0.
Ill
lf(a)
IB£YIIJ L=
0.
Ill
lf(b) section 4 Program
Calculation
•Notes on integration calculation What is a program?
•Press mil key during integration calculation (when display is blank) to abort calculation.
•Integration of trigonometric functions carried out in "Iii" mode(~!]]). Program correction, addition and deletion
•This unit utilizes Simpson's rule for integration calculation. As number of significant digits
is increased, extended calculation time is required. In some cases, calculation results Program searches
may be erroneous even after considerable time expires in calculation. In particular, when
significant digits are less than 1, an ERROR (Ma ERROR) sometimes occurs. Program execution
In these cases, use the following methods to shorten calculation time and improve
accuracy: Convenient program commands
1. If integration value varies widely with slight changes in the integration range, divide
integration areas to obtain solutions individually.
Remaining program capacity
2. If some periodic functions or integration values are positive and some are negative, Using the unit as a data bank
divide according to periods or divide positive and negative values and calculate in-
dividually.

-88-
 4 ))))) ·~
alculation formula

•I
I Section
What is a program?
Program Calculation

This unit has a built-in program function that facilitates repeat calculations. As with th
nowing formulas are used to calculate velocity "V" after "T" seconds, as well as
The h~ "H" after "T" seconds, with "U" representing initial velocity, ''T'' representing
helQ nd "G" representing gravitational acceleration.
time. a
vo:u-GT, H=UT-2GT2
1

"multistatement function", the program function lets you execute series calculations i~
a series. In addition, the programs entered using this program function are stored in
memory as individual files, under filenames. This system lets you search for and edn •Registering filenames
programs quickly and easily. Any number of programs can be written, provided the totai carry out filename registration, press ~@I to specify the WAT mode. The "Filename?"
program memory capacity of 1103 steps is not exceeded. To mpt then appears on the display. After the filename is input, press the~ key to register
pro
In place of programs, this memory can also be used to store telephone numbers or me- it to memory.
mos, much in the same way Casio Data Bank entries are made. Each line may contain
up to 127 steps.
Filename?
f1
h
Filename J Filename J Filename J Filename WRT
File No.
1!1

r-
Data •Up to 127 steps can be used to store filenames. In addition to the actual number of
Telephone
_.. Program data Program data directory data Memo data steps in a name, 2 steps are used each time a filename is registered.

~ Input the filename "GOING UP":

~@] Filename?
f1
WRT l!I

!illlllill@@J@]OJ[[]@]~[[]IEJ GOING UP
•Programming
The following are practical examples of how the program function can be used.
f1
0 WRT l!I

IExample 1 I Entering formulas ~ GOING UP

(Problem 1) An object is thrown straight up at an initial velocity of 50 meters f1
per second. How fast will it be travelling after 1 second, and WRT l!I
how high will it be? After 3 seconds? After 5 seconds?
tv Time (T) Velocity (V) Height (H) 'The calculation mode specified at the time a filename is registered is also held in memory.

+r-
Ut H
1 second
3 seconds
5 seconds
)m/second
)m/second
)m/second
(
(
(
)m
)m
)m
(Programmed calculation is carried out in mode specified at this time.)

® +

-90- -91-
 ......
•Writing programs •Program execution
When the filename is displayed in the WAT mode, press the [Q] key (or IQJ key) to display press §@@I to cancel the WAT mode, then press the ffi key to call up the filename,
the first line of the program, and begin writing the program. and press the ~ key to execute the program.

GOING UP ~~ -

f1 I Ill I
WAT Ill
~~~ Mel

J
[QJ (or [Q)) -
f 1 L1 0.
I w~l Ill I Ill I
Indicates program line number !ill§ GOING UP
When you've finished inputting the first line, press the ~ key to register to first line.
f1
rn Ill

IExample I Input [V = U - GT -'] as the first line in the program: ~ U?

0.
I
J
- Ill
f 1 L1
I WAT Ill 50~ G?
@@!Yl~EJ@@(]]l:I~@@ 0.
(QJCTJ~(1)
V=U-GT ..Ill_
f 1 L1 I Ill

WAT Ill 9.8~ T?

0.
~ V=U-GT ..Ill
f 1 L1 I
I Ill

WAT Ill 1~ V=U-GT

If you want to input a second line, programming automatically moves to the second line.

IExample\ Input [H =UT - ~GT2] as the second line in the program: ~

I -
H=UT-(1/2)GT ..
40.2
Ill

V=U-GT ..Ill 45.1

Ill
f 1 L1
WAT Ill ~ U?
@@(HJ H_ 50.
Ill
f 1 L2
I WAT Ill I ~ G?
~EJ~@@(]]CTJ@@l:IITJ - UT-(1/2)GT2_ 9.8
Ill
m~rnm~~@m~~ f 1 L2
WAT Ill @] T?
~ H = UT-(1/2)GT .. 1.
Ill
f 1 L2
WAT Ill 3~ V=U-GT
*A maximum of 127 steps can be input into a single line. In addition to the actual number
of steps in a program line, 1 step is used each time a line is registered.
-92- -93-·
- 20.6
Ill
 ..,...
.

~ H=UT-(1/2)GT JI,
105.9
lil
IQ>rogram correction, addition and deletion
11nserting lines
1•
To insert a line between two existing lines, display the line just before the place you want

~o.J
~ U?
to insert the new line. After inputting the desired program, press the @) key.
I 11nserting a line at the beginning

~-8]
~ G? To insert a line at the beginning, display first line by pressing the IQ] key and then press

I the [QJ key once again. After inputting the desired program, press the @) key.

~ Insert [S =GT], a program to determine the displacement velocity in the

~

I
T?
.a. J problem previously presented:

V=U-GT ~
5~

I
V=U-GT
lill!!I

H=UT-(1/2)GT
lil1. J
~
(Q]
f1 L1
WAT lil

~ f1 L1
127.5 WAT lil
lil
@@[]Jlfilf.]§)@fil)@@@][!] S=GT ~-
lfilf.][1) f1 L1
WAT lil

~ S=GT ~
f1 L1
WAT lil

[Q] V=U-GT ~
f1 L2
WAT lil

IEditing programs
To understand how editing is carried out, work through the following exercise.

(Problem 2) An object is dropped at an initial velocity of 50 meters per second. How

fast will it be travelling after 1 second, and how far will it have travelled?
After 3 seconds? After 5 seconds?

t® Time (T) Velocity (V) Distance (H)

u+ H 1 second )m/second )m

~ t
3 seconds )m/second )m
5 seconds )m/second )m
v +
-94- -95-
 .. ,...
• Registering filename GOING UP
As the object is dropped in this problem (instead of being thrown up, as in Problem 1 f1
presented previously), input "COMING DOWN" as the filename. WRT ~ [!]

@!ffi~[f][[)(M)[IJ(]J@:)~[[) COMING DOWN

•Calculation formula [[)~(]] f1
The following formulas are used to calculate the velocity "V" after "T" seconds, as weII 0 WRT ~ (!]
as the distance travelled "H" after "T" seconds, with "U" representing the initial veloci.
ty when the object is dropped, "T" representing time, and "G" representing gravitation. COMING DOWN
al acceleration. f1
WRT Ill
V=U+GT, H=UT+..!GT2
2 •N ote that edited filenames are not registered in memory until @] key is pressed. If@]
key has not been pressed, previously registered name will still be held in memory.
• Programming
As with Problem 1 presented previously, programming is carried out in a manner simil ar
to manual calculation: •Program editing
Pr ess @@@) to specify the WRT mode. Then press the [Efil) key to display the desired
Speed: ................... v
file name. Next press the [Q) key (or [Q] key) to move to the beginning (or end) of the line
Distance: l!@J[[)~§J@l!@J[[)CTJl!@lDCDITJP:.(I]ITJ
yo u want to edit. Then use the @)and (B keys to move to the exact point you want to
@l!@)@]CTJ@~ ................... H
edi t. While in the editing mode, the~ symbol appears on the display. After editing the
pro gram, press the @] key to register the edited program.
When programmed, this formula is input as follows:
@xample I Change the Problem 1 program, which determines speed and height,
l!@JIYJ~§Jl!@J[[)D@l!@J@JCTJ~~ to the Problem 2 program, which determines speed and distance:
l!@J[[)~§J@l!@J[[)CTJl!@JDCDITJP:.(I]ITJ
@l!@)@]CTJ@l!@J ~@] Filename?
f2
As this program is similar to that used in Problem 1, we can simply "edit" the progra rn WRT Ill
already input.
lfilID COMING DOWN
f1
WRT Ill
• Editing filenames
When ih the RUN mode, press@@@) to specify the WRT mode. Then press the lEfill key [QJ[QJ V=U-GT ~
to display the desired filename. Next press the @) key (or fB key) to move the cursor f1 L2
WRT Ill
to the beginning (or end) of the filename (~symbol appears on display). After editi ng
the filename, press the @] key to register the new (altered) filename. ~ .'l.=U-GT ~

IExample I Change "GOING UP" to "COMING DOWN": f1 L2

WRT @ill Ill

~@] Filename? ~~~D V=U+GT ~

f2 f1 L2
WRT Ill WRT @ill Ill

GOING UP ~ V=U+GT ~
f1 f1 L2
WRT Ill WRT Ill

-96- -97-

~
 ~
[Q) H=UT-(1/2)GT :-" ~ G?
f1 L3 9.8
WRT I!]
I I!]

§) tt=UT-(1/2)GT :- ~ T?
f1 L3 1.
WRT I@) I!]
I I!]

8J8J8J8JD H=UT + (1/2)GT _ 3~ S=GT

L3-

~
f1
WRT

H=UT +(1/2)GT _
f1 L3
I!]

~
I
U?
- 29.4
I!]

50.
WRT I!]
I I!]

•Note that edited programs are not registered in memory until Ifill key is pressed. If@] ~ V=U+G T
key has not been pressed, the previously registered program will still be held in memory.

~@) -
~
I -
H=UT+(1 /2)GT -
79.4
I!]

~
I
COMING DOWN
I!]
J 194.1
I!]

~ G?
f1 9.8
ru I!]
I!]

I
G?
9.8
I!]
] ~ T?
3.
I!]

l
~ T? 5~ S=GT
I I!]
5.
- 49.
I!]

1~ S=GT
~ U?
9.8 50.
I l!ll!ll I!]
I I!]

~ U?
~ V=U+GT
50.
I I!]
I l!ll!ll
99.
I!]

~ V=U+GT
~ H=UT+(1 /2)GT -
I l!ll!ll
59.8
I!]
I 372.5
I!]

~ H=UT +(1/2)GT -
54.9
I!]

-98- -99-
•Program deletion ~@) Filename?
Press[@@~ to specify the WRT mode. As with program editing, display the line contain.
f5
ing the program you want to delete and set the unit for editing (l@!l symbol appears on WRT Ill
display). Next press the mil key or Ifill key and then the @) key. The displayed line Will
[ill][ill][ill] PROGRAM
be deleted.
f3
IExample I Delete the [S =GT] line from the "COMING DOWN" program: WRT Ill

~@) Filename?
§] f ROGRAM
f2 f3
WRT Ill
WRT Ill

[ill] COMING DOWN m -

f1 f3
WRT Ill I WAT~ Ill I
(Q) S=GT .A ~ FORMULA
f 1 L1 f 3 WRT
Ill
WRT Ill

§] S=GT .A *Note that after a filename is deleted, the succeeding filename is displayed. When the
last line is deleted, however, the filename listed before it is displayed.
f 1 WRT@ill
L1

•I
Ill

m -
f 1 L1
WRT ~ Ill Program searches
~ V=U+GT.A This unit features a program search function which allows you to search for filenames
f 1 L1 and program lines using either of the following methods:
WRT Ill 1. Sequential search (search according to numerical order from beginning)
2. Direct search (search of all filenames or program lines which match input specifi-
*Note that after a line is deleted, the succeeding line is displayed. When the last line
cations)
is deleted, however, the line before it is displayed.
•Filename sequential search
• Deleting filenames (programs) a. In the RUN mode:
Press [@@~to specify the WRT mode. Press the §rn key to display the filename you When in the WRT mode, press[@@~ to specify the RUN mode. Then press the §rn key.
want to delete and set the unit for editing (l@!l symbol appears on display). Next press File number 1 (F1) will be called up. Each time you press the §rn key, the file number
the mil key or Ifill key and then the@) key. The displayed filename (and program) will will be incremented, and the succeeding filename will be called up. To go back to previ-
be deleted. ous filenames, press @§rn.

IExample I Delete the [PROGRAM] file from the list F1 GOING UP

IExample I Search for the [PROGRAM] file from the F1 GOING UP
of files to the right: filenames listed at the right:
F2 COMING DOWN F2 COMING DOWN

F3 PROGRAM F3 PROGRAM

F4 FORMULA F4 FORMULA

-100- -101-
 mru GOING UP
f1
-- •Sequential search of program lines
a. In the RUN mode:
[[IT] Ill
-...J When in the WRT mode, press ~@) to specify the RUN mode. Then call up the file-
-..
ruru PROGRAM name of the program you want to search. Press the IQ) key to scroll down through pro-
f3 gram lines. Press the (QJ to scroll up through program lines.
rn
*Note that if you press the ffi key when the last filename is displayed, the last filename
Ill
-- ~ In File 1, we programmed the "GOING UP" program. Search for the 2nd
line in this program:
remains displayed. Also, if you press l E!IT] ffi when the first filename is displayed, it re.
mains displayed. GOING UP
*You can specify the RUN mode after the display has been cleared (by pressing the Illa f1
key), during display of a calculation result, during input of a value for a variable, or While
text is displayed. H=UT-(1/2)GT -
*If you press the makey while a filename is displayed, filename display disappears and
f1 L2
unit· enters "Manual calculations" status. lillID m
b. In the WRT mode: •Note that if you press the IQ) key when the last program line is displayed, the last pro-
Press~@) to specify the WRT mode. At this time, the "Filename ?" prompt appears gram line remains displayed. Also, if you press (QJ when the first program line is dis-
played, it remains displayed.
on the display. Press the ffi key to display filenames sequentially.
If you press the ffi key when the last filename is displayed, filename input becomes pas. 'If Sil is pressed when program is displayed, file display disappears and unit enters
"Manual calculations" status.
sible, and the display returns to the first filename. Press ilE!ITlffi to display names in reverse
order.
b. In the WRT mode:
I Example I Search for the [PROGRAM] file: Press~@) to specify the WRT mode. Then call up the filename containing the program
you want to search. Press the IQ) key to scroll down through program lines. If you press
~~ Filename? the IQ] key when the last filename is displayed, input of additional lines becomes possi-
f5 ble. Press the (QJ key to scroll up through program lines. If you press the (QJ key when
WRT Ill
the first program line is displayed, it becomes possible to insert additional lines at the
ru GOING UP lirst of the file.
f1 ~xample I As in the previous example, search for the 2nd line in the "GOING UP"
WRT Ill
program:
ruru PROGRAM
f3 Filename?
WRT Ill
f5
WRT Ill
*Note that if you press llE!IT]ffi when the first filename is displayed, it remains displayed.
*If you press the ma
key while a filename is displayed, "Filename?" prompt appears on GOING UP
the display. f1
WRT Ill
Filename?
H=UT-(1/2)GT -
f5 f1 L2
WRT Ill
IB!§ [!]

-102- -103-
 •In the WRT mode:

J
IQ) -
f 1 L3 ~ Search for "COMING DOWN":
I WAT

~@") Fil ename?

J
(Q](Q](Q] -
f 1 L1 f5
I WAT WAT Ill

*If rl'il is pressed when progra m is displayed, the last line is automatically displayed and
!ill@@] c_
f5
input of new lines becomes possible.
I WAT Ill

m co MING
I
-
f 1 L3
WAT .] ~
f2
WAT
DOWN
Ill

•character input for search must be carried out while the "Filename?" prompt is dis-
played or when filenames are displayed.
•Direct search 'If the filename cannot be found, the "Filename?" prompt appears on the display.
• Direct search of filename
By inputting the first character or characters of a filename (up to 127 steps) and pressing •Direct search of program lines
the [ill§ key, it is possible to search for an individual filename directly. By inputting the first character or characters of a line (up to 127 steps) when the cor-
responding filename is displayed and pressing the IQ] key (or [Q) key), it is possible to
•In the RUN mode: search for an individual program line directly. The same procedure is used in both the
IExample I Search "COMING DOWN" from the file- RUN mode and WAT mode.
F1 GOING UP
names at the right:
F2 COMING DOWN •In the RUN mode:
F3 PROGRAM @ample I In File 2, we programmed the "COMING DOWN" program. Search for
F4 FORMULA the 2nd line in this program:

m~~ co MING DOWN

l
C_
f2
IEilll Ill
I Ill
!ill@[]] H-
COMING DOWN
f1
f2
®ill Ill
I Ill

IQ) H= UT +(1/2)GT -
*Character input for search must be carried out in "Manual calculations" status or when
f 1 L2
filenames are displayed. ~ Ill
*If the filename cannot be found, operation returns to "Manual calculations" status.
'Press the IQ] key repeatedly to continue direct search. After initial direct search, press
the [Q) key to abort search.
'If the specified line is not found, the last line is automatically displayed and input of
new lines becomes possible. If no program has been entered, input becomes possible
from the first line.

-104- -105-
Notes on Direct search function
•The "c" in nCr and "C" used in the BASE-N mode cannot be searched simultane-
ously. The same is true for the P of "Pol (" and the letter "P".
llCf>rogram execution
programs can be executed in two different ways:
I•
•Execution through filename search
Atter specifying the RUN mode, press the ®.ID key. The first filename (Ft) is displayed.
search the desired filename and press the ~ key to execute the program.

•Scrolling right and left in filenames and program lines ~ Execute the "GOING UP" program:
When filenames or program lines contain more than 12 characters, use the [B and 81
keys to scroll to the right or left. mil@!ffi~~ Mel
0.
*In the WAT mode, the cursor flashes allowing editing of the filename or program. Ill

I Example I Check contents of 2nd line of program below: GOING UP

F1 HE LON f1
L1 L=(A+B+C)/2..il
L2 S = Y- (L(L-A) (L- B) (L-C)) U?
0.
Ill
HELON
f1 50~ G?
0.
Ill
L=(A+B+C)/2 .A *
F1 L1 9.8~ T?
!ill! m 0.
Ill
S=l(L(l-A)(L *
f1 L2 V=U-GT
!ill! liJ 40.2
11111!1 Ill
=l(l(L-A)(L- *
f1 L2 H=UT-(1/2)GT -
ru m 45.1
Ill
- (L-B)(L-C))
F1 L2 U?
!illl m 50.
Ill
- )(L-B)(L-C))
F1 L2 (Continuation omitted)
rn m

-106- -107-
•Execution by pressing ~~ ' .
• Aborting execution
After pressing ~[§), input the filename and press the @I key to execute the progrl the 1fiW key to abort execution while a program is being executed. The first file-

Example Execute the "COMING DOWN" program: "Ji:i;t:

pres: then appears on the display. By pressing the mil key in place of the rn
key, execu-
~~~is aborted and operation returns to the "Manual calculations" status.
J J

1 program debugging (correcting errors)

J
,__M-cl------'3 tter a program has been created and input, it will sometimes generate error messages
Ahen it is executed, or it will produce unexpected results. This indicates that there is
Prog_ VI error somewhere within the program that needs to be corrected. Such programming
a~rors are referred to as "bugs", while the process of correcting them is called
'----------=Ill e . "
"debugging ·
~~@]@)(!!][IJ(fil@]~ - COMING DOWN_ When an error message is displayed, press the ~ or ~ key to move the cursor to the
@)@)~(fil
place where the error is generated (see page 49), and correct the program. For details,
see the error message table on page 154.
When an incorrect or unusual result is generated, press~~ to enter the WRT mode,
then press the rn key to display the filename corresponding to the program you want
to correct. (See page 97 for details on program editing.)
50~

9.8~ T? I [ Convenient program commands

.u.J The programs for this unit are made based upon manual calculations. Special program

1~ V=U+GT
59.8
J commands, however, are available to allow the selection of the formula, and repetitive
execution of the same formula.
Here, some of these commands will be used to produce more convenient programs.

- Ill
IJump commands
Jump commands are used to change the flow of program execution. Programs are ex-
ecuted in the order that they are input until the end of the program is reached. This sys-
tem is not very convenient when there are repeat calculations to be performed, or when

~o. J
U? it is desirable to transfer execution to another formula. It is in these cases, however, that
the jump commands are very effective. There are two types of jump commands: a sim-
ple unconditional jump to a branch destination and a conditiona) jump that decides the
(Continuation omitted) branch destination by determining whether a certain condition is true or not.

To have the final formula in a program (executed by~[§)) remain on the upper dis-
play, include a " _. " as the last command in the program, after the final formula.
*By inputting "Prog" and then the filename, the filename can be used as a subroutine
in the program (see page 114 for details).
•Unconditional jump
The unconditional jump is composed of "Goto" and "Lbl". When program execution
reaches the statement "Goto" and a label name, execution then jumps to the same "Lbl"
[label] label name listed with the "Goto" command. The unconditional jump is often used
in simple programs to return execution to the beginning for repetitive calculations, or to
repeat calculations from a point within a program.

-l.08- -l.09-
*Label names can contain alphabetic characters, numbers, functional commandsij.\L.· @) H=UT-(1/2)GT -
cos, etc.), etc., however they may not contain delimiter codes (:,..ii, =>, ~, b.. , ~ 45.1
*Label names may be comprised of up to 126 steps. 'Fii1¥ lilllll Ill

IExample I Rewrite the program used in Problem 1 using the "Goto O" and "lbl·O" @) T?
commands to allow repeat calculations: 1
Ill
The program used in Problem 1 (presented previ- F1 GOING UP
ously) is shown to the right. Add "Goto O" to the end r - - - t - - - - - - - - - - 3@1 V=U-GT
of the program, and add "Lbl O" to the beginning L1 V = U - GT ..4 20.6
lilllll Ill
of the program which is the branch destination. If '---L_ 2_....._H_=_U_T_-_(_11_2..:...)_G_T_
2_

this is simply left the way it is, however, the height @] H=UT-(1/2)GT -
will n~t be displayed and only the initial velocity will be displayed. To prevent this, inse~ 105.9
lilllll Ill
the display command "..ii" at the end of the formula that calculates height H.
@] T?
The program is still not complete, because after the F1 GOING UP 3.
Ill
first execution, the unit will retain the first value of r - - - - + - - - - - - - - -
T that you enter, so repeat calculation using differ- L1 Lbl O 5@1 V=U-GT
ent values for T will not be possible (values for U L2 [1 l 1.
and G are fixed). Here, we will add the variable in- LJ V = U - GT ..4 lilllll Ill
put command " [ T J" (see page 118) to tell the pro- L4 H =UT - (1 /2) GT 2 ..4
@) H=UT-(1/2)GT -
gram to prompt for a new input for variable T each '---L_s_....._G_o_to_o_ _ _ _ _ _ 1
127.5
time the program is executed. lilllll Ill

With this, we will execute the program: 1 this way, an unconditional jump is made in accordance with "Goto" and "Lbl", and
t~e flow of program operation is changed. When there is no "Lbl [label name]" to cor-
GOING UP respond to the "Goto [label name]" command, an error (Go ERROR) appears on the
f1 display.
~ Ill

U?
0.
Ill J
l
50@] G?
0.
Ill

9.8@] T?
0.
Ill I
1@] V=U-GT
40.2
lilllll Ill I
-llO- -lll-
•Conditional jump ~ If an input numeric value is greater than or equal to zero, calculate the
The conditional jump compares a numeric value with a constant or another numeric vaiu ~ square root of that value. If the value is less than zero, display the square
in memory. If the condition is true, the statement following "=>" is executed up to the of that value:
next " ~" or "b.. ". If the condition is not true, execution skips the statement followine
"~" up to the next "b.. ". In either case, execution continues from the above following rarn must be written as follows.
prohg following program, A representing input numeric value, B representing calculation
the jump end code "b.. ". g int e
Conditional jumps are formed in the following ways: result.

2
~: ""'J ~B-A
1. ;~~ ~;!~~~o~al ~~:t => Statement { ~ } ~ Statement { ~ } b.. Statement

'°A Unconditional jump

A"'° 0 => B - v,. -' ""'"' - -'
2. Left Relational Right => Statement { ~ } b.. Statement Lii not true___j
side operator side •
b. Goto O
One variable (A - Z), constant or variable formula (Ax 2, D- E, etc.) is used for the left
side and one for the right side. In this formula, a value is input for vari(ible A. If this value is equal to or greater than
zero, the statement between"=>" and",;" is executed. If it is less than zero, the state-
The relational operator is a comparison symbol. There are 6 types of relational opera. ment between "~"and ",;" is executed. When "Goto O" is reached, execution returns
tors: =, ~ , ~' ~' >, <. to "Lbl O", for repeated calculation.
Left side = right side (left side equals right side)
Left side ~ right side (left side does not equal right side) Input the filename [VALUE] and execute the program:
Left side ~ right side (left side greater than or equal to right side)
Left side :;;; right side (left side less than or equal to right side) VALUE
Left side > right side (left side greater than right side) f5
Left side < right side (left side less than right side) [ill§ l!l

A?
The "=>" is displayed when ~§are pressed. If the condition is true, execution ad.
vances to the next statement. The"~" is displayed when ~§Bare pressed. If the con-
0.
l!l
dition is not true, execution advances to the next statement. After this, if~~ are pressed,
execution continues from the next "b.. ". B=lA
r - - l t true-----i
Left Relational ~ight => Statement
side operator side
{ ~ } ~ Statement { ~ } b.. Statement
1.414213562

A?
- l!l

2.
L___lf not true'--------~ ~ l!l

*If statement following "~,, is unnecessary, flow of operations is as follows: o~ B=lA

r - - l t true-----.
Left Relational ~ight => Statement { ~ } b..
side operator side
I t
Statement A?
- 0.
l!l

L__lf not t r u e - - - - - - - - - - '

0.
l!l

•For statements following "=>" and "~ ", multistatements can also be used. -2~ B=A 2

-112- -113-
- 4.
l!l
•Subroutines
A program contained in a single program area is called a "main routine". Often used
program segments stored in other program areas are called "subroutines". Subroutine
can be used in a variety of ways to help make calculations easier. They can be us~
to store formulas for repeat calculations as one block to be jumped to each time, or 10
store often used formulas or operations for call up as required.
When these .two prog~ams are com.pared, it is evident that lines 1, 2 and 5 are identical.
11 these portions are incorporated into a common routine, the programs ·are simplified
nd the number of steps required is decreased. Also, if it is possible to choose which
a . . .
calculation is going to be carried out when this program is executed, the calculation be-
comes even easier. For this, the conditional jump command is used in the main routine
in the following way:

Subroutine F3 MAIN
MAIN L1 LblO
'
I
[T, NJ
I L2
Prog SUB1 L3 N "GOING UP: 0, COMING DOWN: 1"
SUB5 L4 N = 1 => Prog COMING DOWN: ~ N = O => Prog GOING UP 1>.1>.
LS Goto o

Level 4
The portions of the program which are not identical are as follows:
F1 GOING UP F2 COMING DOWN
L1 V=U-GT . 11 L1 V=U+GT . 11
L2 H=UT-(1/2)GT2..11 L2 H =UT+ (1/2)GT2 ..II
The subroutine command is "Prog", followed by a filename which is used to specify a
program area. If the program is written in this way, after the program assigned to the filename "MAIN"
IExample I Prog ABC - Jump to program area [ABC]: is executed, zero is input to jump to the "GOING UP" subroutine to calculate the velocity
and height of the object tossed in the air, with an unconditional jump from "Goto Q" to
After the jump is performed using the Prog command, execution continues from the be- "Lbl O". If a value of 1 is input for N, execution jumps to the "COMING DOWN" subrou-
ginning of the program stored in the specified program area. After execution reaches tine to calculate the velocity and distance of the object which is dropped.
the end of the subroutine, the program returns to the statement following the Prog name
command in the original program area. Jumps can be performed from one subroutine Actual programming and execution:
to another, and this procedure is known as "nesting". Nesting can be performed to a
maximum of 9 levels, and attempts to exceed this level will cause an error (Ne ERROR) Mel
to be generated. Attempting to use Prog to jump to a filename in which there is no pro- 0.
Ill
gram stored will also result in an error (Go ERROR).
MAIN
I Example I Simultaneously execute the two previously presented programs (Problem f3
1 and Problem 2) to determine the speed and height of an object which
is tossed straight up, and the speed and distance of an object which is
GOING UP:0,? -
dropped:
0.
This example employs the two programs previously presented: Ill

F1 GOING UP F2 COMING DOWN U?

L1 Lbl 0 L1 Lbl 0 0.
Ill
L2 [TJ L2 [TJ
L3 V=U-GT ..II L3 V=U+GT ..II 50~ G?
L4 H = UT-(1/2)GT2 ..II L4 H =UT+ (1/2)GT2 ..II 0.
LS Goto o LS Goto O Ill

-114- -115-
 1 pause command
~T-?-----=.8
9.8§
BY inputting [Pause n (n = an integer between 0 and 9)] in the program, execution can

V=U-GT

-
tJ
40.2
lil
be interrupted (paused) for up to 4.5 seconds.
While in the pause state, the answer from the previous line's calculation and the formula
(or text) are displayed.
~ Perform a calculation wherein a value of 1 is added consecutively to vari-
able A. In this case, variable A's initial value is 1:
H=UT-(1/2)GT,
45.1 For this case, the program is as follows:
- lil Lbl 0
GOING UP:0,?, A=A+1
Unconditional jump
0. Pause 3 (Displayed for approximately 1.5 seconds)

J
lil Goto O

T? When a value is input for variable A, "Pause 3" causes a pause of 1.5 seconds, after
~----lil"'-•1.
J
which "Goto O" causes execution to return to "Lbl O", with the formula (A= A+ 1] calcu-
lated repeatedly.
V-U+GT Here, we will insert the name "ADDITION" and execute the program:
59.8
- lil rml@!ITJ~~ Mel
H=UT +(1/2)GT, 0.
lil
54.9
lil
lill!!I
@@0ru ADDITION
GOING UP:0,?, f6
!ili§ Ill
1.
lil
~ A?
(Continuation omitted) 0.
Ill

1~ A=A+1
In this way, subroutines can be used to isolate the common portions of two original pro. 2.
grams and store them in separate program areas. Steps are shortened, and programs Ill
take on a clearer configuration.
A=A+1
(After approximately 3_
1.5 seconds) Ill

A=A+1
(After approximately 12.
15 seconds) Ill

-116- -117-
 ~ V=U+GT

'-----------'=.] ~
-
H=UT +(1/2)GT -
59.8
lil

The amount of time (approximate) corresponding to "Pause n" ("n" being an integer be.
tween o and 9) is as follows: 54.9
lil
n o 2 3 4 8 9
~ V=U+GT
Pause time (seconds) O 0.5

•"Pause n" is treated as a single statement.

1.5 2 4 4.5

- 59.8
lil

•Variable input command
When a value is input for a variable in a program, that value is stored in memory as a
defined value. If it becomes necessary to input a new value for that variable, the variable
input command ~[IJ, ~[}]can be used to return the variable to its undefined status.
This is done by inputting the variable (A- Z) in brackets " [ J ".
In this case, the calculation was carried out using only the values which had already been
entered, so the results did not vary. If the variable input command " [ J" is contained
in the same program where "Fixm" is used, the " [ J" command takes priority.
@mple] Input the " [ J" command into the Problem 2 program which contains
"Fixm":
In this program, variables U and Gare calculated using F2 COMING DOWN
the defined values already input. Variable T, however is f----+--------1

I Example I [A] .... Variable A returned to undefined status. called up, and a value is input. Here, we will input the value L1 Fixm
[AB] [A, B] [A uB] .... Variables A and B returned to undefined status. and execute the program: L2 U = 50: G = 9.8
L3 [T]
L4 V=U+GT A1
•' [ J" is treated as a single statement.
LS H=UT +(1/2)GT2
•Array variables cannot be used as variables.

millfilIJ!filIJ COMING DOWN

•Fixm f2
lil
When ~®!!ii is input in a program, all values for variables (A- Z) after the command
are treated as defined values. When the program is executed, the program does not wait T?
for entry of values for variables, but completes calculation using values which have al- 1.
ready been input. lil

IExample I Input "Fixm" in the first line of the program written for Problem 2 (see V=U+GT
page 95): 59.8
The program written for Problem 2 is as shown at the right. - lil
F2 COMING DOWN
We will assume that the following values have been in- H=UT +(1/2)GT -
L1 Fixm
put: U = 50, G = 9.8, T = 1. 54.9
L2 V=U+GT A1 lil
L3 H =UT+ (1/2)GT2
T?
COMING DOWN
1.
lil
f2
lil

-118- -119-
 V=U+GT

l!lll!I
79.4
Ill
1@ing the unit as a data bank I•
lace of data or programs, it is possible to store often used formulas or even telephone
In p bers in this unit, using it much like a data bank.
H=UT +(1/2)GT, nurne we will input a list of telephone numbers.
Her '
194.1
Ill filename: TEL DATA
(Continuation omitted) oata: Listing No. Numbers
*"Fixm" is treated as a single statement. 1 Robert Jones 03-012-3456
2 Samuel Stevens 03-023-4567

•I
3 John Smith 0425-034-5678
4 Henry White 0425-045-6789
5 Jane Bell 04 73-056-7890
Remaining program capacity
The program capacity of this unit is 1103 steps. The number of steps indicates the amount
JI
a. Inputting data
of storage space available, and it will decrease as programs are input. press~@! to specify WAT mode. Specify this telephone list as "File 5":
The number of remaining steps will also be decreased when steps are converted to
memories. (See page 41.) ~@] Filename?
*Basically, one function requires a single step, but there are some commands where f5
WRT Ill
one function requires two steps.
•One function/one step: sin, cos, tan, log, (, ) , : , A, B, 1, 2, 3, etc. Input the filename:
•One function/two steps: Lbl "label name", Goto "label name", Prog "filename", etc.
~@@CTJIIJIIJ@@ TEL DATA
*When the step capacity is exceeded, a "Mem ERROR" is generated.
@]l]]CTJI]]~ f5
WRT Ill
•Determining the number of remaining steps
Hold down lfil!I~ to display the current remaining number of steps. Display returns to Press [Q] key to input listing number 1:
normal when keys are released. @
IExample I F5 L1

l
(Indicates 847 steps available) WRT Ill

I Free 847. Input data for listing number 1:

~~[[](Q)[[J[[)[[][IJ@@ - 03-012-3456
QJ@)(fillIJ[[]@@~@]@]EJ F5 L1
@]ITJ(g]EJ@][!l[[][ID WRT Ill

~ ROBERT JONES -
F5 L1
WRT Ill

Other listings are input in the same way.

-120- -121-
b. Recalling data ''';::~ press the [Q] key until the listing you're searching for appears:
First, call up the filename "TEL DATA". The direct search function can be used as shd~
below: - 03-023-4567
f5 L2
TEL DATA ffil m
f5 use the § and §1 keys to scroll to the left or right:

Next, call up the data for "Samuel Stevens": UEL STEVENS -

f5 L2

'--~-5----==-·J
ru m

SAMUEL STEVE:'
F5 L2

- AMUEL STEVEN :'

f5 L2
m m
- MUEL STEVENS~
F5 L2
lfillJ Ill

Use the § and §] keys to scroll to the left or right:

§J§J§J§J§J§)§J§J§J§J - 03-023-4567
§)§) f5 L2
ffil l!1

As a space is inserted before entering the telephone number, listings can also be searched
according to number:

TEL DATA
f5

Search using the prefix "03":

03[Q] - 03-012-3456
F5 L1
lfillJ Ill

-122- -123-
 PROGRAM
LIBRARY
1. Prime factor analysis
2. Greatest common measure
3. Ll ~v transformation
4. Minimum loss matching
5. Cantilever under concentrated load
6. Normal distribution
7. Numerical solution of an equation
(Newton's law)
8. Quadratic equation
9. Complex numbers
 CASIO PROGRAM SHEET J No. 1
Program for

Description
Prime factor analysis ]No
1 ---
"'=
,....--r-
une ~@l
~pjR
I ·---1-- ,
ME
A
F
Program
A
A
C
M
T 0 R
N A
Notes Number
of steps
14

'l_1 Lblj 0
1
Prime factors of arbitrary positive integers are produced. 34
I-- : jGoto: 2 : t>.
For 1 <m<10 10

prime numbers are produced from the lowest value first. "END" is displayed at ~Lbl\1 B 2 p R I M Ej_ F
the end of the program. 1--AJC T_O R .,j A A I 2 : J A
(Overview) i----+-1 ! -> :Goto\ 9 t>. j_ 70
m is divided by 2 and by all successive odd numbers ( d ~ 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, . ... )to
~ Lbl / 2 !Frac! A I 2 0 =>!Goto! t>.
check for divisibility.
I- B 3 89
Where dis a prime factor, mi=mi~ 1 /d is assumed, and division is repeated until
-Jril;+ 1-:;i,_d. C ...;: A + 99
5 Lbl \ 4 B "' C => Goto\ 8 t>. Frac\ A I B
Example ( 1) 0 : -> !Goto 6 t>. 122
119=7x17
(2)
rs Lbl \ 5 B B + 2 \Goto 4 t.. 135
A I B B - A 0 : => jGoto
630=2x3x3x5x7
(3) 7 i.. Goto\ 5
1
155
987654321=3 x 3 x 17 x 17 x 379721 8 Lbl J 7 B p R I M E F A C
T \ 0 R .,j A A I B \Goto\ 3 t>. 185
Preparation and operation 9 Lbl j 8 A p R M E F A C
•Store the program written on the next page. T \ 0 R 206
•Execute the program as shown below.
10 Lbl 9 N E N D .,j !Goto' 0 220
Display Step Key operation Display 11
Step Key operation

1
2
r!il@!ill~lilll

(@]
Mel

PRIME FACTOR ..
F1
rn
Ill

Ill
o. 11
12
lilll
lilll --
PRIME FACTOR"
Ill
PRIME FACTOR,.
Ill
5.

7.
12
13
14

-
END
lilll M? lilll 15
3 o. 13 630.
Ill

--
Ill 16
M?
1191illl PRIME FACTOR ..
14 lilll 7.
4 7. Ill
17
Ill

--
PRIME FACTOR .. PRIME FACTOR,. 18
lilll 9876543211illl 3.
5 17. 15 Ill
Ill 19

-
PRIME FACTOR,.
lilll END
16 lilll 3. A ~ H 0 V
6 119. Ill
Ill

--
PRIME FACTOR .. ~ B d p W
lilll M?
17 lilll 17.
7 17.
Ill
Ill E c ..fl74+1 J a x
8 1:::--t-~~~~~~1-::+-~~~~~--j--=-+-~~~~~---+_'..:_.!-~~~~~_J

--
PRIME FACTOR,.
6301illl PRIME FACTOR ..
18 lilll 17. ~ D K R y
8 2. Ill
Ill
~ E

--
PRIME FACTOR,. L S Z
lilll PRIME FACTOR ..
3. 19 lilll 379721. ~l,:"Ft-~~~~---jr.M-;-t~~~~~+..=T4-~~~~~~-l-~~~~_J
9 Ill
(After approx. 1.5 minutes) Ill

-
END
lilll PRIME FACTOR ..
20 lilll 987654321. G N m U
10 3. Ill
Ill
-127-
-126-
 CASIO PROGRAM SHEET l No. 2
Program for
Greatest common measure
]No.
2 ~ ,..---- =
une l@]@i
Program N01 Number
es of steps
Description
-=;;; ~Fl t-c! O M M 0 N M E A
~:.~-'-~+-----t-~_,_~+-----t-~_,_~+-----t-~_,_~.,_----t-~-'-~+--~~-1--~~-J
S U R E 16
. Euclidean general division is used to determine the greatest common measure for two integers L1 Lbl ! 1 19
a and b. ~'{ ! A B } 25
For la\, lbl<109 , positive values are taken as <10 10 ~ = Abs A B = Abs! B 35
<Overview) I-;- B > A => C = A : A B B c
no=max (la\, lbl) !---+" 52
I> '
n1=min (la\. lbl) 55

nk=nk-2- [ llk-2]
nk_ 1 nk-1
( Int ( A I B x B A 71

k=2, 3 ...... 0 => A = B : B c ,Goto 2 87

If nk=O, then the greatest common measure (c) will be nk-1· c .A Goto 1 96

Example ( 1) (2) (3)

When a=238 a=23345 a=522952
~1
b=374 b=9135 b = 3208137866 1-

•
c=34 C=
• 1015
•
c=998
12
13
Preparation and operation 14

•Store the program written on the next page.

15
•Execute the program as shown below. 16
Key operation Display 17
Step Key operation Display Step
c 18
ma~~@l Mel 3208137866@]
1 ., o. 11 llll!I .,
998.
19
lfilID COMMON MEASU ~
20
2 F1 .,
A? "'
21
@]
3 .,o. 22
238@] B? 23
4 .,o. 24
374@] c
5 .,
34. 25
llll!I
@] A? 26
6 .,
102.
A a, no H 0 V
23345@] B? J!l B b, n1 I P W
7 .,
34. ~ f---+-~~~~~~1---+-~~~~~--l~+-~~~~~-+~+-~~~~~-l

9135@] c *c ~ J
0 r---+-~~~~~---11---+-~~~~~--1~+-~~~~~-+~+-~~~~~-l
a x
8 .,
1015.
llll!I
0 D K
~f---+-~~~~~---11---+-~~~~~--l~+-~~~~~-+~+-~~~~~-l
R Y
@] A? ~ E L S Z
9 4060., . ~" F M T
522952@1 B?
10 .,
1015. G N U

-128- -129-
 CASIO PROGRAM SHEET
3
l
·y, -- ·y' -:-:~:
Program for
~ .... Y transformation No.
3 __...,-- Number
Une' J§@_Elfill_EXP~---,,---,-~:--::--,-=p-f'O=gr_a,m:-:--;-:---:-=--r---:---:-=--:-:-:--,--~j--N-0_1e_s--t-0-f_S~!e~p-JS
Description ( ~c_:_:_R_;..-A---t_N---t_s---t-F-------t_o-------t_R-------t-M-------t-A-------t-T____,~'---:--0____,_N____,c----r-~~--r-~1-6---j
H-.r 19
Ri RJ
Rs
' ,L~~'~i~1-'---1-+-~-N:-:--;~.. --:--=o--:--=~>--:--~v--:--~;----1-:-~c-:-:v-:-_~>-:-=o--t-~~--r~~-J
R, ~ . '2
I l__:,_iN--i-~_,___,_____,~_,____,_~,__---:--__,_~_,____,_____,~-t----r~~---r-~------i

~i2 " 38
c c ~N·~:-_~-2--'-=->-:-G-ot-o;--2-;---:-;--~--;--N--;-~~;--1--;---=>-;--i,G-o-to~i.-1--;--~----1~~~t--5-4---1
3 :-
1) c.-Y 2) Y-t. ~iA l A" R 1 " : I Bl : B

R1·R2 Ri _ R.,R, + RsR• + R•R.

i--+-;;R2": IC l c R 3 84
R.=
R1+R2+R, Rs '-So_ A + B + C 92
Ri·R, Ri _ R.,R, + RsR• +R.R. ia---E" R 4 " A B I D 104
Rs= =
Ri +R2+R,· R•
R,·R1 R, _ R.Rs + RsR• + R•R.
~F"R5"=B c I D 116
R•=
R1+R2+R, R. 'S"G" R 6 "= C A I D 128
Example ( 1> (2) rg Goto! 1 131
R1=12 {!l) R.= 100 (!l) So Lbl i 2 134
Ri=47 {!l) Rs= 150 {!l) '1°1 I E E R 4 F F
R, =82 {!l) R•=220 {!l) i-- " R 5 G G R 6 164
12 H E F + F G + G E 175
Preparation and operation
13 A R H I F 186
•Store the program written on the next page.
•Execute the program as shown below. 14 B R 2 H I G 197
Step Key operation Display Step Key operation Display 15 c R 3 " := H I E 208

FD@~@J Mel 2@) R4? 16 Goto 1 211

1 o. 11 4.
l!l l!l 17
ffi TRANSFORMATI. 100@) RS?
2 F1 12 27.33333333 18
iiD l!l l!l
@) D-> Y:1,Y-> 0:2? 150@) R6? 19
3
l!l
o. 13 6.978723404 20
l!l

-
1@) R1? 220@) R1=
4 o. 14 466.6666667 21
l!l l!l
R2? R2=
22
12@) @)
5
l!l
o. 15 318.1818182
l!llD l!l
23
47@) R3? @) R3= 24
6 0. 16 700.
l!l l!llD l!l A
82@) R4=
7 4. cnB Ri I P W
l!llD l!l
*
Ef--+-~~~~~-+-+~~~~~~t-+-~~~~~-+-+~~~~~---l

9
@)

@)

@)
RS-

R6= --
27 .33333333

6.978723404
D->Y:1,Y->D:2?
l!l

l!I
0

~
0
C
D
R,
R, + Ri + R,
J
K
~t--+-~~~~~-;--+~~~~~~+--+-~~~~~--i--+~~~~~---<

~ F
E R•
~
L
M
Q
R
S
T
X
Y
Z

10 1.
l!I G R. N For judgement U

-130- -131-
 CASIO l
--
PROGRAM SHEET
No. 4
Program for
Minimum loss matching 1No. ~ Number
4 une l!@@l Program Notes of steps
Description ~ s s c
z, with loss minimized. (Zo>Z 1) ~i-c 0 M A T H I N G 15
Calculate R, and Rz which match Zo and
~y " z 0 " : z " z 1 " 27

R,
~
2 A = v ( 1 - z I y ) : B y I
z
z,~-z, 1-- 44

~A " A 1 " y A . 54

" 7s " A 2 " - z I A . 65

z, ~T " L M I N " - 2 0 log ( v B +
R1=ZoR
Zo Rz=R J..-
v ( B 1 ) ) . 89
0
~

Minimum loss Lmin = 20 log ( J¥ + .J ~: - 1) [dB)

I-
7
8
9
Example I-
10
11
Calculate the values of Ri. R, and Lm1n for Zo = 5000 and Z 1 = 2000.
12
Preparation and operation 13
•Store the program written on the next page. 14
•Execute the program as shown below.
15
Step Key operation Display Step 16
Key operation Display
1 -~~lilll Mel 17
Iii
o.
18
2 ™' LOSS MATCHIN •
F1
iii) Iii
19
lillJ ze? 20
3 0.
Iii 21
SOO[illJ Z1?
4 0. 22

--
Iii
200[illJ R1= 23
5 387.2983346
Iii 24
6 lillJ R2=
258.1988897 25

- j1-7z;, v
Iii
A H 0
7 lillJ LMIN=
8.961393328
c:"' B ~
I p w
Iii
" a
c:0 c x
Q)
J
y
"~ D K A R1 Zo
0
E E L s R, z z,
Q)
~ F M T Lmin

G N u
-132- -133-
 CASIO PROGRAM SHEET
l No. 5
Program for Cantilever under concentrated load No.
Notes Number
5
Description
E : Young's modulus [kg/cm 2]
I : Geometrical moment of inertia [cm•j
a : Distance of concentrated load from
support [cm]
P: Load [kgj
x : Distance of point of interest from the
support [cm]
Deflection y [cmj, Angle of deflection s [ 0 ], Bending moment M [kg· cm]

G) l>x>a
Pa 3 Pa 1
Y= 6EI - 2EI x P 3 Pa 2
y = 6EI x - 2EI x

s=tan '[;:i (x-2aJ]

M = O (shearing load Ws = 0)
M=P (x-a) (shearing load Ws=P)

Example E = 2, 100,000 kg/cm'}

I= 700 cm• What are deflection, angle of deflection, bending moment and
a=50 cm shearing load at x=40 cm and x=60 cm?
P=100 kg
Preparation and operation
•Store the program written on the next page.
•Execute the program as shown below.
Step Key operation Display Step Key operation Display
Mel
X?
Iii
o. 11 40.
CANTILEVER Iii 17
2 F1 12 60@] Y=PA 2/2Elx(A ..
- 0.003684807 ~8
E?
3 o. 13
- 1(-PA
S=tan- Iii 2 ..

Iii - 0.00487209 20
2100000@] I?
4 M=ll - Iii

Iii
o. 14 o.
21
700@] A? - Iii 22
5 o.
Iii 23
50@] P?
6 o. 24
Iii
X? A a H 0 V
7 100@]
0.
Iii 00 118~~~~~~~1-l--~--.'.1~~-+-P~~~~P~~-tw;t~~-;-~~
cL X x
8 40@1 Y = PX2/2EI x (X .. ~ c J a
- 0.001995464
@] - Iii
S=tan-'(PX/2 ..
8 D K R Y y

~~ E
9 - 0.004677206 L S s Z
E
10
-
M=P(X-A) Iii
~ F M M T
-1000.
- Iii G N U
-134- -135-
 CASIO PROGRAM SHEET l No.
6
Program for
Normal distribution
TNo.
6 -
.....,
.--
Lin• ~@)
s
Program Notes Number
of steps
Description
~ D I T R I B u T I 0 N
14

Obtain normal distribution function cf> (x) (by Hastings' best approximation).
iu-1 Lbl 0
17
~ ( x I 21
cf> (x)= L~ c/>tdx
rs T 1 / ( 1 + 0 2 3 1 6 4 1

•
1-- x )
9 40
-, ~ a ex .x x2
c/>I=
1
.J2r e
x'
I-
)
1 /
" 2 11" x ( / 2

57
5 A 0 3 1 9 3 8 1 5 3
70
Putl=- 1- 1-6 B ( ) 0 3 5 6 5 6 3 7 8 2
1 +Px ' 85
cf> (x)=, 1-c/>I (c1t+c21 2 +c,1 3 +c,t4 +cst5>
~ c 1 7 8 1 4 7 9 3 7
98
P=0.2316419 c, = 1.78147937 8 D ( ) 1 8 2 1 2 5 5 9 7 8
113
c, =0.31938153 c. = - 1.821255978 9 E 1 3 3 0 2 7 4 4 2 9
127
Cz= -0.356563782 c, = 1.330274429 p " p x " : 1 a ( A T + B I
'10
Example x2 + c T x' 3 :+ D T x' 4 + E T XY

Calculate the values of cf> (x) at x=1.18 and x=0.7.

5 ) ... 161
11 Goto: 0 164
Preparation and operation
12
•Store the program written on the next page. 13
•Execute the program as shown below.
14
Step Key operation Display Step Key operation Display 15
Mel
El!iTII~~ o. 16
1 ID
17
2 ru DISTRIBUTION ..
F1 18
!ill ID
X? 19
~ o.
3 ID 20

-
1.18~ PX=
4 0.880999696 21
ID

~ X? 22
5 1.18

-
ID 23
0.7~ PX=
6 0.758036136 A c, H 0 v
ID

c
(/)
B C2 I p </>(X) vv
c"0 c c, J a </>f )(
x
"~ D c. K R y
0
E E
c, L s 2:
"
:! F M T t -
. G N u
-137-
-136-
 CASIO PROGRAM SHEET
~~~ 1~ r-- @)@l Pr gram
l No.
7
Notes Number
Numerical solution of an equation (Newton's law) 7 une of steps
Description
~ N E iW i T 0 N 8
Using Newton's law to calculate x so thatf(x)=O in y=f(x) tG " A x l Xy 3 + B x x' + c x + D -
,..- " : iPause 2 29

~ 1.
Parameters: 0
xo ... Initial value '2 A : B : c : D 37
h ... Micro interval in direction of x axis when numer-
i-s E " E p s I L 0 N " : p " x 0
ic differential is performed for points (x, f(x))
r- : H 56
/ 0 ~x,x,, · € ... Convergent condition of solution ("€" used to "
continue calculation until inequality in
€> IXn+1-Xnl is developed). 4 " c A L c u L A T I N G " 70
Xn+1 =Xn- f(xn) /'(x) = f(x+ h)- f(x)
rs Lbl 1 73
f'(xn) h Xn is root for IXn+1-Xnl<c
'6 s = p : N = 2 81
7 Lbl 2 84
Example
8 y = A p : x2 p + B p x' + c p + D 100
Write a program for the lollowing:f(x)=ax 3 +bx 2 +cx+d p
9 p = + H : N - N - 1 112
f(x)=2x 3 +3x 2 -x-s
=> z =
0 y : Goto 2 124
Xo=1, €=1x10·5, h=0.001 10 N
"'
y = ( y - z ) / H
II.

134
Note: If solution does not appear after an extended period, no root exists. 11
In this case, press El!I to abort execution and re-execute with a different value for Xo.
12 z = s - z / y 142
13 Abs ( z - s ) 2: E -> p = z : iGoto 1
Preparation and operation
II. 159
•Store the program written on the next page.
•Execute the program as shown below. 14 s : " A N s w E R = " .. 172
Step Key operation
15
Display Step Key operation Display
16
1 mllfilil~@J Mel
0.001@] CALCULATING
o. 11 (After approx. 9 seconds} 17

-
Ill ID
ml NEWTON ANSWER= 18
2 F1 12 1.084900341
@I ""'
AXx'3+BX2 +CX ~
Ill Ill 19
3 0. 20
Ill
(After approx. 1 second) A? 21
4 0.
Ill 22
2@] B?
5 o. 23
Ill
3@] C? 24
6 o.
Ill A a H h 0 v
IBJ1@] D?
7 0. !!l
c:
B b I p Xo w
Ill
2c: c c J a x
IBJ5@] EPSILON?
8 0. 0
()
y
Ill D d K R ax 3 + bx 2 +ex+ d
~
1@JIBJ5@] XII?
9 o.
0
E E c L s Xn z Xn+1
Ill Cl>
H?
::;; F M T
1@]
10 o.
Ill
G N n u
-138- -139-
 CASIO PROGRAM SHEET
8
Program for
Quadratic equation ]No.
8 =1' . .--
,......-i f!!!!@l
u~
Program
::::._--.--=-''=""....-:-.::-r--:-r:::-:--:--:~:-:--:--J~~"""l~1~1-'-1
'01u
Notes Number
of steps

~
Description v.F A D R A T I C
1
ax +bx+c=0 ((Condition)
2
a~O Accuracy to 6 significant digits.
·::-- ~j i-:-:-+- · T N 16
... L1 Lbl! R 32
By inputting coefficients a, b, and c in the above formula, solutions for a and (3 can be de- ~ !A X x2 + B X + C - 0 " : !Pause! 2
!ermined.
·- ~Ii 0 : [ A B C I 41
The root formula is used as shown below:
-b±Vb2 -4ac
' ~ A : _ 0 => " A ~ 0 " : !Pause! 1 : !Gotoi 0
x
2a
58
When it is considered that d = b 2 - 4ac: I-- "
i) When d> 0, real roots of a and (3 exist a= -b+Vd /3= -b-Vd f, ~ B : C 62
2a ' 2a
ii) When d = 0, the real root of a exits -b
a=2Q ~ D - B x' 4 A c 71

iii) When d<O, imaginary roots of a and (3 exist a =-b ~-

-+--1
I-Jo> 0 => ,Prog S u B : !Goto! R T N i. 87
2a
/3=-b-~i
2a
f-S D = 0 -> iprog s u B 2 : iGotoi R T N i. 103

Example
2a 2a rg PrOQ S U B 3 109

Determine solutions for the following quadratic equations:

~Goto R T N 114
1) 2x 2 -x-15=0
2) 4x 2 -12x+9=0
3)x 2 +x+1=0 'f2 S U B 6
Preparation and operation rc1 ( (-) B + v D ) I 2 A 17
•Store the program written on the next page. 2ProgR N D 22
•Execute the program as shown below.
x
Step Key operation Display Step Key operation Display - 3
4
p
(
"
(-) B v
=

D
Ans
)
A
I 2 A
31
42
1 Ill~~~ Mel
IBl12~ C?
0. 12 -15. 5ProgR N D 47

-
Ill Ill
lffil QUADRATIC
9~ X- s a " x 2 = Ans A 56
2 F1 13 1.5
Iii] Ill Ill
3 ~ AX 2 +BX+C=8
~ AX 2 +BX+C=8 F3 S U B 2 6
Ill
0. 14 1.5
Ill L1 (-) B I 2 A 12
(After approx. 1 second) A? (After approx. 1 second) A?
4 0. 15 4. 2ProgR N D 17
Ill Ill
2~ B? B? 3 p " x 25
5 0. 16 1~ = ,Ans A
ID
-12.
Ill
IBl1~ C? C?
6 0. 17 1~
9. F4S U B 3 6

-- --
Ill ID
IBl15~ X1=
1~ X1 :REAL P. L1 (-) B : I 2 A 12
7 3. 18 -0.5
Ill A a H 0 V
8 ~ X2=
-2.5 19 ~
Ill
IMAGINARY P.
0.866025
..

--
Ill Ill
9 ~ AX2+BX+C=8
~ X2:REAL P.
-2.5 20 -0.5
10
(After approx. 1 second) A?
Ill

ID
2. 21
l!I
IMAGINARY P.
-0.866025
.
Ill
4~ B?
11 -1.
Ill

-140- -141-
 CASIO PROGRAM SHEET
l No.
8
.- Number
Program for lNo.
8 une ~~ Program Notes of steps
Quadratic equation
2 Prog R !N D 17
3 p - !Ans 21
i-4 v Hi D I 2 A 28
5 Prog R iN D 33
6 Q - iAns 37
7 p : " x 1 : R E A L p " ... 53
8 Q : " I M A G I N A R y p
" ... 71
9 p : " x 2 : R E A L p " ... 87
10 ( ) Q : " I :M A G I N A R y p
" ... 106

F5 R N D 5
L1 Sc 6 : And : iNorm 12
2
3
4
5
6
Step Key operation Display
Step Key operation Display 7
11 8
1
9
2 12 10
13 11
3
12
4 14 13
14
5 15
15
16 A a H 0 v
6
i!lc: B b I p b+...cld
2a
-b
' 2a
w
17
7 ~0 c c J Q -b-Vd ~
~ 20 x
(J
18 D b2 -4ac K R y
8 ~
E
0
E L s z
9 19 G>
:ii F M T

20 G N u
10
-142- -143-
 CASIO PROGRAM SHEET l No. 9
Program for
Complex numbers I No.
9
--.....,
"*1!
,.......,--
une ~@]
p gr m
r
Notes Number
of steps
~ ~oMPLEX 9
Description Example
Z1=X1+iY1 r1 =...f~-:2 +Y1 2 (Ji=tan .~ z, =2+v'3;
~~a~d.i.---+----+~-r-:----t~-r------r-~-:-----r-~:-----r------r~-:------t~t--~~t-~1~1---1
X1
Z2=4-i
Z2=X2+iy2 r2=...;;-;.-+ yz2 02=tan- 1 ~ ~fm : N = Ans 17
•Sum, difference Z 1±Z2=(x1±x2)+i(Y1 ±yz)
~mN+6 22
•Product z, x Zz= (x1x2- Y1Y2)+i(X1Y2 +xzyi) l-;f Lbl M E N U 28
z, = (X1X2 + Y1Y2)+ i(X2Y1 -X1Y2) {(Condition)
•Quotient - Z2~0 ~I o l 0 1 : + 2 3
Z2 x/+yl X2~0. Yi~O 5 : z
1-- : x 4 : I Xy N 6
•n-th power Z 1"=r"•einO=(r 11 cos nO)+i(r 11 sin nO)
> p 0 L 7 : - > R E c 8
•x. y--+r, 0
N p u T 9 : a u T 88
•r,0--+x,y
is 0 = => :Prag, + 95
Preparation and operation 2 => !Prag - 103
•Store the program written on the next page. 3 => !Prag x 111
•Execute the program as shown below.
Note: •If "Mem ERROR" appears on the display while executing the program, press ~~O@]. 9 ¥ 0 4 => !Prag I 119
•When the message "1: + 2:- 3: x ? .. "appears on the display, you can input any of the follow-
ing values to specify the type of operation to be performed. 10 ¥ 0 5 => !Prag N 127
1 ....... z,+z, 2 ....... z,-z, 3 ....... z,xz, 4 ....... Z1+Z2 5 ....... z,n 11 ¥ 0 6 => !Prag P 0 L 137
6 ....... x, y~r, 0 7 ....... r, 0--+x, y 8 ....... z,, z, input 9 ....... Quit
You should input the full message as follows: 12 ¥ 0 7 => !Prag R E c 147
1:+ 2:- 3:x 4:/ 5:ZxYN 6: .. POL 7: .. REC 8: INPUT 9:QUIT 13 ¥ 0 8 =>!Prag I N p u T 159
While this message is displayed, use the ~ and ~ keys to scroll left and right to view the parts
of the message that don't fit on the display. 14 ¥ 0 9 => iGoto E N D
......... 178
Step Key operation Display Step Key operation Display
15 Goto M E N U 184
Mel ~ 1 :+ 2:- 3:x?,.
1 ·~~~ Iii
o. 11
ID
1. 16 Lbl E N D 189
fill) COMPLEX (Calculate product) 3~ REAL= 17 Defm N 192
2 F1 12 9. 732050808

-
Iii
@] ""
1:+ 2:- 3:x? .. ~
-
IMAGE- II 18 " E N D 0 F J 0 B 205
3 Iii
o. 13 4.92820323
II
(Input data of 8~ X11Z1>? ~ 1:+ 2:- 3:x?,. F2 + 3
4 complex numbers)
Iii
o. 14 II
3.
A H 0 For ju gement V r, x
2~ Y1<Z1>? 9~ END OF JOB
5 Iii
o. 15 ID
0. x'+y2 W 8, y

(D3~ X2<Z2l? x
6
Iii
o.
4~ Y21Z2l?
7
Iii
o.
1:+2:-3:x? .. F M T
IB]1~
8 8. G N Expanded memories U
Iii
(Calculate sum) 1~ REAL= 'CUI
x
9 6. ""
"C"i:: Z[N+1] Z[N+3] Z(N+5]
lillll Ill i~t--~~-+-~~~___,t--~~-+-~~~---1~~~-+-~~~--+~~~+-~~~---<

-
IMAGE=
~ c.Q)
y
10 0. 732050807
Ill iJlE Z[N+2] Z[N+4] y, Z[N+6]

-144- -145-
 9 J No. 9
Line ~@I Progr m Notes ~ ,--r- Program Notes
Number
of steps
Of~l une @@@I
~L-1-+--Z-,--[--,-N---,--+--,--5-,--]---,---"-,--R-,--E-,-A----,--L--,--.-.-:--=-,--Z---,---[-+-~~-L:.'_--.;;q
~[ N + s I I M A G E = (
f---+-N-+-+-+-1-+:~]-+-+-+-z-+~[-+-N-+-+-+-3-+~]-+-A-+-:-:--+---+-t---~i-__o>31"'J 1-- z [ N + 3 l z [ N + 2 I z [
2 Z [ N + 6]" IM AGE:":= Z --.;.__
i-----r-N + 1 l z [ N + 4 I p A 110

-
l---+--[---t-N-'---t-+---t-2------t--]----t--+----t--z---t--[---t--N---t-+---t-4------t--]------t--A----t---t--+-~~-1-....~-~•
i---
L--'--'---+--+--+---+~~~:-+---+~!---+----T---t--t-~-t---;:----;
1---+--t----t---t----t---t----t---t----t---t----t---t----t---t-----t--r--~~t-.._ ~LN:.:_.;.~+..----t----t~...,._----t-~:---;-----:~:---;----;~:-:-~r--~---r~3:-I
~- ~ ~~0 6
1---+------:-~_.___-:-___.'--_,__,_~~-'------:-~-'---:----'~-;------;--~t--~---1---~
L1 Z [ N + 5 ] " R E A L " = Z [ ~Prog!S EL 11
N+1 ]-Z[N+3]A 30 ~ Q i = 9 => [Goto E N D t.. 21
2 Z [ N + 6]" IM A!G E "= Z - ~ Pol( i Z [ N + Q ] Z N + Q + 1
[ N + 2 I + z [ N + 4 I A 59- r-- I ) 39

F4 x
- CS { : R 43
3 6 z [ N + 5 l R E A L V Xy

L1 z N + 5 R E A:L z R N " !cos R w 67

N + z N + 3 I - z N + z N + 6 l M A !G E v
2]Z[N+4]A 43......., xY R sin R !W A 89
2 z N + 6 M A!G E z 8 Goto 0 92
N + z N + 4 I + z N 9 Lbl i E N D 97
+ 2 z N + 3 84
F7 P!O L 5
F5 I 3 L1 Lbl j 0 8
L1 P = Z [ N + 3 ] x2 i + Z [ N + 4 2 Prag! S E L 13
xi 21 9 =>[Pol(, Z [ N + lQ z N
3 Q ""
2 z N + 5 R E A L z + iQ + 1 I l 35
N + z [ : N + 3 + z N 4 v : R = " : A 43
+ 2 z N + 4 I l I p A 65 5 Wi T H E T A 55
A H 0 For judgement V A H 0 or judgement V
'· x '· x
.l!l
c
B I
I--+------+--+------+--+------+--+----~
P x 2 + y2 W 8, y EB I p x 2 +y2 W 8, y
~ c J Q x ~ c J Q x
~ 1--D+------+-K-+-------+-R-+----n---ry-+----~ 0
~ D K R n y
~ E L S Z ~ E L s z
~ F M T ~" F M T
t---+------
G N Expanded memories U G N Expanded memories U
"C (/)
~-~ Z[N+1] Z[N+3] Z[N+5] x
.., (/)
x
{l.~ Z[N + 1] Z[N+5] Z[N+3]
~~~f---+----+----+-----+----+-----+----+----1 ~~l-----l-----+---+-----+----+-----+-----t------1
$~ Z[N+2] Z[N+'4] Z[N+6] y 3~ Z[N+2] Y1 Z[N+4] Yi Z[N+6] y

-146- -147-
 No.
No. 9
9
Line §@@) Program
,-.----_ Program Notes
Number
of steps
une j§@@I 43
-
~ x " .,j
6 Goto 0 I>. "
4 : . 51
y
~- " .,j
" =
5~· 55
p u
F8 N T
7 ~Goto: 0 I>.

L1 s z N + s !z i-::-r-:
7 i---:
N + s x z [ "
37
H:
2 s z N + 2 s !z ~:
N + 2 s y z j "
~: j_
67
3 s z N + 3 s z ~
11 :
N + 3 s x 2 z 2 97 ~
4 s z N + 4 s z ~
N + 4 s y 2 z 2 127 ~
~
F9 s E L 5 "161
L1 Lbl 0 8 ~
2 Q Q z 2 z 2 'Ta
9 Q ·U T 32 ~
3 Q
""
=> Q
"": 2 => Q
""
9 => Goto! 0 I>. 20
I>. I>. 50 ~1
4 Q 2 => Q 3 I>. ' 59 ~
23
F10 R E c 5 24
L1 Lbl 0 8 25
2 Prag s E L 13 26
3 Q 9 =>:Rec( z N + Q z N 27
+
""
Q + 1 i 1 35 28
H 0 For judgement v r, x
A H 0 For judgement v r, x A
I p xi+ y2 w 0, y
c: B
(/) p x2+y2 w 0, y ~ B
Q x
c:"'0 c J Q x "
E
0
c J
y
0 y 0 K R n
D K R n D
c:- <':'
L s z
0
E E L s z 0
E E
"'
:2: F M T "
:::; F M T

G N Expanded memories u
G N Expanded memories u
"'O (/) 'Oen
Z[N+3] X2 Z[N+5] x
Z[N+1]
~·~ Z[N+1]
c: 0
x, Z[N+3] X2 Z[N+5] x
""'
'O"C
c: 0
X1

ta E ro E Z[N+6] y
a.., y, y c. Q) Z[N+2] y, Z[N+4] Yz
iJl E Z[N+2] Z[N+4] Yz Z[N+S] iJl E
-149-
-148-
 CASIO PROGRAM SHEET
Program for
No.
l No.

Step Key operation Display Step Key operation Display

11
2 12
3 13
4 14
5 15
6 16
7 A H 0 v
17 I p w
~ B
8 18 ~0 c J a x
u y
D K R
9 19 ~
0
E E L s z
CD
10 20 ::!: F M T
G N u
-150-
-151-
 CASIO PROGRAM SHEET
No.
Program for
l No
.--! Program Notes Number
~ Line [@@@l of steps
r-
1---
r-
i---
i---
1---
I-
I-
I-
I--

Step Key operation Display Step Key operation Display

1 11
2 12
3 13
4 14
5 A H 0 v
15
c"' B p w
6 16 $
c: c J a x
0

7 17 "~ D K R y
0
E E L s z
Q)
8 18 :2 F M T
G N u
9 19
.,.__?

"'c: "'
Q) Q)
u·c
0
10 20 "'E
a..,
illE
-152-
-153-
•Error messages at-a-glance •Input ranges of functions
Message Meaning Countermeasure - I l '
Ma ERROR CD Calculation exceeds range of
operation.
CD@@ - Function Input range Internal
digits Accuracy ! Notes
I

@Calculation is performed out-

Check the input numeric value
and correct it. When using sin (Deg) lxl<9x109° 111 As a rule, I /However, h:i~~--1·
memories, check that the nu- cos (Rad) Ix'< 5 x 1O 7 rrrad 12 digits accuracy is 1 ' ' ~ 90(2n 1)· Deg
j-
side the input range of a
function. meric values stored in memories tan (Gra) !xi< 1x10 1ograd _ - i~±1ha~i~~: I /-~' ~ 7r/2(2n + 1) Rad I
f-----s-i_n_1_-r-1-x-,~-1------ ~xi~ 100(2n_~Gr~
are correct.
@Illogical operation (division by 1
zero, etc.)
Arg ERROR •Argument input incorrectly. Ex.
Negative value input for Defm,
value other than 1 - 9 input for n
in integration calculation, etc.
•Re-enter argument correctly.
___, cos 1

tan 1
j
!x < W o ; - o o - - 1
i
_ 1- ---tN;e~or " I

i
sinh a~
~
I

xl"'230.2585092 'I ltanh, whenx=O, er-

Stk ERROR •Execution of calculations that ex- •Simplify the formulas to keep I

J=:---1
1 ,, ,, rors are cumulative

I~-:::~~d "'_' ""''"-

ceed the capacity of the stack for stacks within 9 levels for numer- I and accuracy 1s af-
numeric values or stack for calcu-
lations.
ic values and 24 levels for calcu-
lations.
•Divide the formula into two or
more parts.
[1"'x<5x1099 ,,
i' . ,I:

Syn ERROR CD Calculation formula contains an

error.
CD@
Use cursor keys to display the
e--:-:----------
J Jx!<1
II " I
@Formula in a program contains point where the error was gener- f------T---------+-----+- - - ----~
an error. ated and correct it. [1x1Q99"'x<1x10100 ,, j

Mem ERROR •Memory expansion exceeds lev-

el remaining in program.
•Press ~~ (Defm) to expand
memory to necessary level.
i1,·--1x10 10o<x<100
1x10100<,
I J
J
.. I

•Attempt to use a memory such as
Z[5] when no memory has been
expanded.
•Program written although no
memory remains for program.
Ne ERROR •Nesting of subroutines by execu-
tion exceeds 10-level limit.
1------------j
•Use memories within the current I ,, I ,,
number of memories. "'230 25850921 l"
•Simplify program to fit within cur- ---:-----r:----:-~-:::----+---+-----+------~
rent available memory or delete
O"'x<1x10100 l ,, I ]
unnecessary programs. !x!<1x1oso +· I " JI
r---------T-----~ _ _ ___j___--------,r----------
•Ensure that Prog (filename) is not lxl < 1x10100, x~ O I I ;
used to return from subroutines to
I,, I,, I

=-F =
--~---jl
:xi< 1x10100
main routine. If used, delete any
unnecessary Prog (filename). O"'x"'69
•Trace subroutine jump destina- (x is an integer)
lions and ensure that no jumps
are made back to the original pro- Result< 1 x 10100 1 -.
gram area. Ensure that returns nPr n, r (n and rare
are made correctly. nCr integers)
Go ERROR CD No corresponding Lbl (label
name) to Goto (label name).
@No program stored in specified
CD Correctly input an Lbl cor-
responding to Goto.
@Store a program in program
l,:;::;--~~i~-;-~~~-;-,~;:-·0_1-.:o-~-;::;;----t---------t-------il---------1J
Pol(x,y) -Jx2+y2<1x10100 ,, ,,
Prog (filename). area Prog (filename) or delete
the Prog (filename) if un- O"'r< 1x10 100 However, for tan x: I
necessary. Rec (r ,8) (Deg) l0'<9xl0 9" ,, ,, lx'~90(2n+1): Deg i
(Rad) IOI< 5 x 10 7 rrrad lxJ ~ rr/2(2n + 1): Rad
(Gra) 181<1 x 10 10grad lxl ~ 100(2n + 1): Gra
-154-
-155-
 Internal ------....., '

-
Function Input range Accuracy Notes Function Input range
digits
i--- Values after variable within following range:
lal. b, c< 1x10100
o• "
O~b. c As a rule, Dec: -2147483648 ~x~ -1 (negative)
accuracy is O~x~2147483647 (0, positive)
<--- lxl < 1x10100 12 digits
O' "
Hexadecimal display: ± 1 at the Bin: 10000000000000000000000000000000 ~ x
lxl ~ 27777.77777 10th digit. ~ 11111111111111111111111111111111 (negative)
BASE-N
x>O: - Oct:
O~x~ 01111111111111111111111111111111 (0, positive)
20000000000 ~ x ~ 37777777777 (negative)
-1x10 100 <ylogx< 100 O~x~17777777777 (0, positive)
x=O: y>O
Hex: 80000000~x~ FFFFFFFF (negative)
XY x<O: O~x~7FFFFFFF (0, positive)
1
y=n' 2n + 1
(n is an integer) 'Errors may be cumulative with internal continuous calculations such as x', 'vy, x!, 3,ix
However; " "
1 sometimes affecting accuracy.
-1x10 100<- loglxl
y
< 100
x>O: y~O
-1x10 100 <..!_ logx< 100
y
x=O: y>O
\y x<O: y=2n+ 1, ..!_
n " "
(n ~ 0, n is an integer)
However;
-1x10 100<..!_ loglxl
<100 y

•Results
Total of integer, numerator
and denominator must be
within 10 digits (includes
division marks).
a b;c •Input " "
Result displayed as a frac-
tion for integer when in-
·teger, numerator and
denominator are less than
1x1010.

lxl<1 x1oso
iYI < 1x10 50
SD lnl < 1x10100
(LR) X<Jn, yan, X, )', A, B, r: " "
n~O
xan 1, yan 1: n;,O, 1

-156- -157-
•Specifications
~
Display syste~ and contents:. . . .
Model:
Liquid crystal d.1splay, dot 12 d1.g1ts, 10-d1g1t mantissa and 2-digit exponent, binary, octal,
fx-4500PA hexadecimal display, sexages1mal display, cond1t1onal displays (WAT, !filID, @iD, l!ll!l!I, LR,
SD,[!], Iii,[!),[[], [El,@, (Kl, hyp, d, H, b, o, Fix, Sci, Eng,+--,-->)
I Calculations I
character display function:
Basic calculation functions:
Function commands, program commands, alphabet characters (12 maximum)
Negative numbers, exponents, parenthetical addition/subtraction/multiplication/division
(with priority sequence judgement function - true algebraic logic). Error check function:
Checks ~or values exceeding 10 100 , illogical calculations and illogical jumps, error mes-
Built-in functions: sages displayed.
Trigonometric/inverse trigonometric functions (units or angular measurement: degrees
radians, grads), hyperbolic/inverse hyperbolic functions, logarithmic/exponential functions' power supply:
reciprocals, factorials, square roots, cube roots, powers, roots, squares, decimal'. 1 lithium battery for normal operation (CR2032); 1 lithium battery for memory protection
sexagesimal conversions, binary-octal-hexadecimal conversions/calculations, coordinate (CR2032)
transformations, permutations/combinations, 7r, random numbers, absolute values, in- power consumption: 0.001W
tegers, fractions. Battery life: Approximately 5,000 hours on type CR2032 battery.
Statistical calculation functions: Auto power off:
Standard deviation-number of data, sum, sum of squares, mean, standard deviation power is automatically switched off approximately 6 minutes after last operation.
(two types)
Ambient temperature range: 0°C-40°C (32°F-104°F)
Linear regression-number of data, sum of x, sum of y, sum of squares of x, sum of
squares of y, mean of x, mean of y, standard deviation of x (two types), standard devia- Dimensions: 9.9mmH x 73mmWx 141.5mmD (3/s"H x 27/s"Wx 59/16 "D)
tion of y (two types), constant term, regression coefficient, correlation coefficient, esti- Weight: 85 g (3.2 oz) including batteries
mated value of x, estimated value of y.
Integration calculation: using Simpson's rule.
Memories:
26 standard (163 maximum)
Calculation range:
± 1 x 10-99 _ ± 9.999999999 x 10 99 and o. Internal operation uses 12-digit mantissa.
Rounding:
Performed according to the specified number of significant digits or the number of speci-
fied decimal places.
Exponential display:
Norm 1 - 10- 2 > Ix I, Ix I ~ 1010
Norm2-10- 9>lxl, lxl~10 10

IPrograms I
Number of steps: 1, 103 maximum
Jump function:
Unconditional jump (Goto, Lbl)
Conditional jump(=,~.>,<,~,~)
Subroutines Prog: 1O routines
Number of stored programs: As many files as total memory capacity allows
Check function: Program checking, debugging, deletion, addition, etc.

-158- -159-
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