BIOS 100 - Fall 2018 Name:

Exam IV, 7 December

Michael Muller, Instructor TA:

This exam consists of 40 questions over 6 pages. Each question is worth 3 points on the solo
exam. There is no group exam. You’re welcome. Please check to see that all the pages are
present before you begin. Use a #2 pencil and bubble in all answers. Make sure you properly
bubble in your UIN - failure to do so may result in your score not being posted. Your score will
be posted on Blackboard as soon as they are in. Choose the BEST answer for each question.

1. Which of the below describe the two types of mutations which can lead to cancer?
A. Overexpression of proto-oncognes and overexpression of tumor-suppressor genes
B. Overexpression of proto-oncognes and underexpression of tumor-suppressor genes
C. Underexpression of proto-oncognes and overexpression of tumor-suppressor genes
D. Underexpression of proto-oncognes and underexpression of tumor-suppressor genes

2. A cell does not pass the G1 checkpoint. What happens to that cell?
A. It dies
B. It enters the S phase of the cell cycle
C. It enters the G2 phase of the cell cycle
D. It enters the G0 state of the cell cycle
E. Mitosis begins

3. What are the two functions of MPF?

A. Degradation of spindle fibers; dissolving the nuclear envelope
B. Degradation of spindle fibers; promotion of mitosis
C. Dissolving of the nuclear envelope; degradation of G2 cyclins
D. Promotion of mitosis; degradation of G2 cyclins

4. The gene which synthesizes E2F (used in the G1

checkpoint) would be best classified as a:
A. Proto-oncogene
B. Tumor-suppressor gene

5. The blood vessel labeled “5” in the diagram to the right:

A. Is an artery carrying oxygenated blood
B. Is an artery carrying deoxygenated blood
C. Is a vein carrying oxygenated blood
D. Is a vein carrying deoxygenated blood

6. The chamber of the heart labeled “6” is the:

A. Right atrium B. Right ventricle
C. Left atrium D. Left ventricle

7. The greatest drop in blood pressure occurs in these blood vessels:

A. Arteries B. Arterioles C. Capillaries D. Venules E. Veins

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8. Which of the areas listed below would have the lowest pO2?
A. Blood entering the right atrium
B. Blood entering the left atrium
C. Blood entering the body capillaries
D. Blood leaving the body capillaries
E. The interstitial fluid

9. When your diaphragm relaxes, you:

A. Inhale B. Exhale C. Cough D. Die

10. Which of the two areas listed below have identical pO2 levels?
A. Blood entering the right atrium; blood entering the left atrium
B. Blood entering the alveolar capillaries; blood entering the body capillaries
C. Blood leaving the alveolar capillaries; blood leaving the body capillaries
D. Blood leaving the alveolar capillaries; blood entering the body capillaries
E. Blood leaving the body capillaries; blood entering the left atrium

11. What are the lipids primarily associated with the build up of plaques in the arteries?
A. HDLs (High-density lipoproteins) B. LDLs (Low-density lipoproteins)

12. When the volume of an artery becomes reduced due to plaque build up, how will this affect
blood pressure and blood velocity at the site of the plaque?
A. Both blood pressure and blood velocity will increase
B. Blood pressure will increase and blood velocity will decrease
C. Blood pressure will decrease and blood velocity will increase
D. Both blood pressure and blood velocity will decrease

13. How would lowering the activity of carbonic anhydrase affect CO2 loading and unloading
both in the interstitial fluid and the alveoli?
A. CO2 loading and unloading in the interstitial fluid and the alveoli would be more
efficient
B. CO2 loading and unloading in the interstitial fluid would be more efficient but CO2
loading and unloading in the alveoli would be less efficient
C. CO2 loading and unloading in the interstitial fluid would be less efficient but CO2
loading and unloading in the alveoli would be more efficient
D. CO2 loading and unloading in the interstitial fluid and the alveoli would be less
efficient

14. The hemoglobin in a fetus has a ______ affinity for O2 than the hemoglobin in the mother
A. Greater B. Lesser C. Equal

15. How is most of the CO2 transported in the blood?

A. As CO2 dissolved in the plasma B. As CO2 bound to hemoglobin
C. As H2CO3 D. As HCO3-

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16. Based on the drawing to the right,
you would assume the animal
is a(n):
A. Herbivore
B. Carnivore
C. Omnivore

17. What is the function of the Na+/K+ pump in

the epithelial cells lining the lumen of the
small intestine?
A. To pump Na+ from the blood vessels into the epithelium cells to create a Na+ gradient
B. To pump Na+ from the epithelium cells into the intestinal lumen to create a Na+
gradient
C. To pump Na+ from the intestinal lumen into the blood to create a Na+ gradient
D. To pump excess Na+ from the chemically digested food into the epithelial cells
E. None of the above

18. Why did Olestra fail as a fat substitute?

A. It killed people
B. It made people more susceptible to the flu
C. It gave people diarrhea and other unpleasant side effects
D. It increased the chance that someone would develop colon cancer

19. Which of the below structures is incorrectly matched with their functions?
A. Mouth: mechanical digestion only, no chemical digestion or absorption
B. Stomach: mechanical and chemical digestion, little to no absorption
C. Small Intestine: chemical digestion and most absorption of nutrients
D. Large Intestine: some absorption of nutrients and absorption of water
E. All of the above structures are correctly matched with their functions

20. In the small intestine, where would you expect the concentration of Na+ to be the lowest after
a large meal.
A. In the lumen of the small intestine B. In the epithelial cells
C. In the capillaries of the villi D. A & B
E. A & C

21. What is the function of the HCl (hydrochloric acid) secreted by the stomach?
A. HCl aids in digesting proteins B. HCl aids in digesting fats
C. HCl kills bacteria D. HCl emulsifies fats

22. After a large meal, what changes in the levels of insulin and glucagon would you see?
A. An increase in both insulin and glucagon levels in the blood
B. An increase in insulin and decrease in glucagon levels in the blood
C. A decrease in insulin and an increase in glucagon levels in the blood
D. A decrease in both insulin and glucagon levels in the blood

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23. A cholecystectomy is the surgical removal of the the gall bladder. What types of foods
should a person avoid after they have had a cholecystectomy?
A. Proteins B. Sugars C. Fats D. Alcohol E. Fiber

24. Glucose and vitamins are absorbed from food and into the epithelial linings of the small
intestine by_____?
A. Simple diffusion
B. Glucose and vitamin facilitated diffusion uniports
C. Glucose/Na+ and vitamin/Na+ facilitated diffusion symports
D. The Na+/K+ pump
E. None of the above

25. You are properly hydrated, and then you go to bed. You do not drink any water during the
eight hours you slept (yes, in this fantasy, you sleep eight hours). When you wake up in
the morning, your ADH levels are _______ than they were before you went to bed.
A. Greater than B. Less than C. Equal to

26. What is the function of podocytes in surrounding the glomerulus?

A. Podocytes squeeze the capillaries, increasing blood pressure
B. Podocytes secrete hormones which aid in nutrient, ion, and vitamin reabsorption
C. Podocytes help capture the filtrate and funnel it into the proximal tubule
D. Podocytes protect the glomerular capillaries from bursting and aid in filtration
E. None of the above

27. Ouabain is a naturally occurring plant toxin which inhibits the actions of the Na+/K+ pump.
What would be the effects on nephron function in kidneys treated with ouabain?
A. Kidneys treated with ouabain would have greatly increased urine production, but
otherwise function normally
B. Kidneys treated with ouabain would have greatly reduced urine production. but
otherwise function normally
C. Kidneys treated with ouabain would have reduced nutrient, ion, and vitamin
reabsorption
D. Kidneys treated with ouabain would have increased nutrient, ion, and vitamin
reabsorption
E. None of the above

28. What would happen if the walls of the ascending brach of the Loop of Henle were permeable
to water?
A. The volume of urine produced would increase
B. The volume of urine produced would decrease
C. The volume of urine produced would remain the same

29. At rest, a neuron is

A. Electrically neutral
B. Positive on the inside, negative on the outside
C. Positive on the outside, negative on the inside

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30. Using the diagram on the right, which letter corresponds to the
gated K+ channels opening? C

31. What happens when the gated K+ channels open?

A. K+ enters the neuron via diffusion through the channel
B. K+ exits the neuron via diffusion through the channel
C. K+ enters the neuron by active transport
D. K+ leaves the neuron by active transport

32. Which of the below parts of the brain are incorrectly matched with their function?
A. Cerebral cortex: center of higher thought and reason
B. Cerebellum: coordination of movements
C. Thalamus: maintain homeostasis
D. Pons: relay messages between cerebellum & cerebral cortex
E. Midbrain: maintain muscle tone and posture

33. You are sitting in lecture when there is a large explosion outside. What component of the
autonomic nervous system will now become the dominant component during this crisis?
A. Sympathetic nervous division
B. Parasympathetic nervous division

34. Epinephrin an amino-acid derivative hormone. How does it act upon the target cells?
A. Epinephrin enters the cells through protein carriers and directly binds to DNA
B. Epinephrin enters the cells through protein carriers and binds to a target molecule in
the cytoplasm. This initiates a cascade response inside the cell
C. Epinephrin binds to receptors on the cell surface. This initiates a cascade
response inside the cell
D. None of the above

35. Which type(s) of hormones operate on a time scale of minutes to hours rather than days to
weeks?
A. Amino-acid derived hormones B. Polypeptide hormones
C. Steroid hormones D. A & B
E. A, B, & C

36. Which component of the immune system is most effective at preventing the body from being
invaded with pathogens?
A. The skin & mucous membranes B. Cytotoxic T-Cells
C. B-Cells D. The phagocytic cells
E. B & C

37. Which of the following are necessary to activate a B Cell to become a Plasma Cell
A. Contact with the appropriate antigen-presenting cell
B. Contact with the appropriate helper T-Cell
C. Direct contact with the pathogen
D. A & B
E. B & C

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38. When you are infected with a pathogen, you will develop memory population of Helper T
cells, B Cells, and Cytotoxic T Cells.
A. True B. False

39. Which of the following cells is incorrectly matched with its role in the immune response:
A. Mast cells - secrete histamines to regulate blood flow around a wound
B. Dendritic cells - phagocytes which can become antigen-presenting cells
C. Plasma cells - antibody production
D. Neutrophils - phagocytes which destroy pathogens
E. All of the above cells are properly matched with their role in an immune response

40. The following proteins are on the approved list for self cells:

A, B, C, G, J, M, P, X, Z, 1, 2, 9

The below proteins are found on six different cells. How many of the below cells will
generate an immune response?

I. A, C, M, 9 II. D, G III. A, B, C, J, P, X, 1, 2
IV. G, J, M, N, P, X, Z V. 9 VI. A, B, C, G, J, M, P, X, Z

A. None B. One C. Two D. Three E. Four

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