Name : _____________________________ Chapter 15 Variation

__________________________________________________________________________________

UJIAN PENILAIAN KENDIRI

KERTAS 1

1. Diagram 1 shows a bar graph showing the variations of a character.

Rajah 1 menunjukkan satu graf bar yang menunjukkan variasi satu ciri.

Diagram 1
Rajah 1

Which of the following characteristics is represented by the bar graph?

Di antara ciri yang berikut diwakili oleh graf bar tersebut?

A. Blood group
Kumpulan darah
B. Height
Ketinggian
C. Eye colour
Warna mata
D. Tongue-rolling
Menggulung lidah

2. Which statement is true about the characteristics of human hair ?

Pernyataan manakah benar tentang ciri-ciri rambut manusia?

A. It is controlled by one or a small number of genes.

Ia dikawal oleh satu atau sebilangan kecil gen.
B. It has variation represented by a continuous distribution.
Ia mempunyai variasi yang diwakili oleh taburan selanjar.
C. It is not influenced by environmental factors such as diet.
Ia tidak dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor persekitaran seperti diet.
D. It exhibits a spectrum of phenotypes with intermediate characters.
Ia mempamerkan satu spektrum fenotip dengan ciri-ciri perantaraan

______________________________________________________________________________________
Modul Berfokus Biologi
JPN Pulau Pinang
Name : _____________________________ Chapter 15 Variation
__________________________________________________________________________________

3. Which of the following are the causes of the discontinuous variation?

Manakah antara berikut, yang menyebabkan variasi tak selanjar?

I Mutation
Mutasi
II Mitosis
Mitosis
III Enviromental factors
Faktor-faktor persekitaran
IV The genetic recombinant
Penggabungan semula gen

A. I and II only
I dan II sahaja
B. I and III only
I dan III sahaja
C. I and IV only
I dan IV sahaja
D. III and IV only.
III dan IV sahaja

4. The following statement is a characteristic of durian’s leaves.

Pernyataan berikut menyatakan tentang ciri daun-daun durian.

The durian plant has leaves of various sizes.

Pokok durian mempunyai daun-daun yang berbeza saiz.

Which of the following graph represents the variation shown by the characteristic of the leaves?
Manakah antara graf-graf berikut yang mewakili variasi yang ditunjukkan oleh ciri-ciri daun
tersebut?

A. B.

C. D.

______________________________________________________________________________________
Modul Berfokus Biologi
JPN Pulau Pinang
 Name : _____________________________ Chapter 15 Variation
__________________________________________________________________________________

5. The information below represents the parent genotype for the inheritance of ear lobes.
Maklumat di bawah menunjukkan genotip induk bagi perwarisan trait bentuk cuping telinga.

Parent genotype : FF x Ff
Genotip induk

Key / Kekunci:
F : Alelle for unattached earlobes (dominant)
Alel untuk cuping telinga tidak melekap (dominan)
f: Alelle for attached earlobes (recessive)
Alel untuk cuping telinga melekap (resesif)

What is the percentage of their children with unattached earlobes?

Apakah peratusan anak-anaknya yang mempunyai bentuk cuping telinga tidak melekap?
A. 25%
B. 50%
C. 75%
D. 100%

6. Four students P, Q, R and S wanted to find out their blood grouping. Table 1 shows the results
obtained.
Empat pelajar P, Q, R, dan S mahu mengetahui kumpulan darah mereka. Jadual 1 menunjukkan
keputusan yang diperolehi.

Student / pelajar Anti – A Anti – B

Key : Agglutination No Agglutination

ada aglutinasi tiada aglutinasi
Which student can donate blood to P?
Pelajar manakah yang boleh menderma darah kepada P?
A. S and R
S dan R
B. Q and S
Q dan S
C. R and Q
R dan Q
D. All of the above
Semua di atas

______________________________________________________________________________________
Modul Berfokus Biologi
JPN Pulau Pinang
Name : _____________________________ Chapter 15 Variation
__________________________________________________________________________________

7. Diagram 2 shows the pedigree of a family carry the sex- linked allele for haemophilia.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan Pedigre (susur galur) suatu keluarga yang membawa alel rangkai-seks bagi
Hemofilia.

Diagram 30
Rajah 30

What is the probability of being a haemophiliac based on the information provided by the family
tree?
Berapakah kemungkinan menghidapi haemofilia berdasarkan maklumat yang diberikan oleh
pokok keluarga?
A. 25%
B. 50%
C. 75%
D. 100%

8. Sahar can roll his tongue but Ayman cannot. Which of the following factors causes the
differences in characteristic of Sahar and Ayman?
Sahar boleh gulung lidah tetapi Ayman tidak boleh. Manakah antara faktor berikut yang
menyebabkan perbezaan sifat antara Sahar dan Ayman?
A. Genetic
Genetik
B. Mutation
Mutasi
C. Hormone
Hormon
D. Environment
Persekitaran

9. Which of the following are examples of mutagens?

A. X-ray
Sinaran- X
B. Water
Air
C. Enzyme
Enzim
D. Tetrachloromethane
Tetrakhlorometan.

______________________________________________________________________________________
Modul Berfokus Biologi
JPN Pulau Pinang
Name : _____________________________ Chapter 15 Variation
__________________________________________________________________________________

10. Which of the following are genetic factors on variation?

Manakah yang berikut adalah faktor-faktor genetik ke atas variasi?
A. Diet of an individual
Diet pemakanan individu.
B. Alteration in the structure of chromosome of an individual
Perubahan struktur kromosom individu.
C. Regular exercise practised by an individual.
Senaman yang selalu dilakukan oleh individu.
D. Exposure of an individual to sunlight
Pendedahan individu kepada cahaya matahari.

______________________________________________________________________________________
Modul Berfokus Biologi
JPN Pulau Pinang
Name : _____________________________ Chapter 15 Variation
__________________________________________________________________________________

KERTAS 2

1. A man has the free earlobe as shown in Diagram 3.1, married to woman with same type of
earlobe as shown in Diagram 3.2.
Seorang lelaki mempunyai cuping telinga tidak lekap seperti di Rajah 3.1 berkahwin dengan
wanita yang mempunyai cuping telinga yang serupa di Rajah 3.2.

Diagram 3.1 Diagram 3.2

Rajah 3.1 Rajah 3.2

Their children P, Q, R, S, T, and V have trait, as shown in Diagram 3.3

Anak mereka P,Q,R,S,T dan V mempunyai trait seperti ditunjukkan di Rajah 3.3.

P – girl Q – boy R – girl

S – boy T – boy V – girl

Attached earlobe

Diagram 3.3
Rajah 3.3

(a) Based on the Diagram 3.3 which of the earlobe trait is dominant ? Explain your answer.
Berdasarkan Rajah 3.3, cuping telinga yang manakah dominan? Terangkan jawapan anda.

….…………………..…………………………………………………………………………….

…………………….. …………………………………………………………………………….

[2 marks]

______________________________________________________________________________________
Modul Berfokus Biologi
JPN Pulau Pinang
Name : _____________________________ Chapter 15 Variation
__________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Explain whether the trait is inherited as sex- linkage inheritance?

Terangkan sama ada trait tersebut adalah perwarisan terangkai-seks?

….…………………..…………………………………………………………………………….

…………………….. …………………………………………………………………………….

[2 marks]

(c) If ‘E’ is a dominant allele for earlobe trait, and ‘e’ is recessive allele, draw a schematic diagram
this inheritance of earlobe trait.
Sekiranya ‘E’ adalah alel dominan untuk trait cuping telinga dan ‘e’ adalah alel resesif, lukis satu
rajah skematik untuk perwarisan trait cuping telinga ini.

[5marks]
______________________________________________________________________________________
Modul Berfokus Biologi
JPN Pulau Pinang
Name : _____________________________ Chapter 15 Variation
__________________________________________________________________________________

(d) (i) What type of variation shows in earlobe inheritance?

Apakah jenis variasi perwarisan cuping telinga ini?

……………………………………………………………………………
[ 1 mark ]

(ii) State how this type of variation is caused

Nyatakan bagaimana jenis variasi ini berlaku

…………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]

(e) Diagram 3.4 shows a species of moth in industrial area. The original moth is white .
Rajah 3.4 menunjukkan satu spesis kupu-kupu di kawasan perindustrian. Kupu-kupu asal adalah
putih.

Diagram 3.4
Rajah 3.4

Based on the diagram define what is mutation?

Berdasarkan rajah tersebut , definasikan apa itu mutasi?

….…………………..…………………………………………………………………………….

…………………….. …………………………………………………………………………….
[ 1 mark]

______________________________________________________________________________________
Modul Berfokus Biologi
JPN Pulau Pinang
Name : _____________________________ Chapter 15 Variation
__________________________________________________________________________________

ESEI
1.

Figure 1
Gambarajah 1

Figure 1 shows the two varieties of the Biston species resting on tree trunks in different localities.
From the figure above, relate the variations in the moths to their survival levels in different
environments. [10 marks]
Gambarajah 1 menunjukkan dua variasi sepsis Biston rehat atas batang pokok di tempat berlainan.
Dari gambarajah di atas, kaitkan variasi kupu-kupu ini dengan tahap kemandirian mereka di
persekitaran yang berlainan. [10 markah]

KERTAS 3
1) A garden pea plant seeds with three different colours . Table 1 shows the number of seeds from
each colour in a population of 200 seeds.
Biji pokok kacang mempunyai tiga warna berlainan. Jadual 1 menunjukkan bilangan biji dari
setiap warna dalam populasi 200 biji.

Colour of seeds White Green Yellow

Warna biji Putih Hijau Kuning
Number of seeds 1 49 150
Bilangan biji
Table 1
Jadual 1

(a) i . What is variation ?

Apakah itu variasi ?

_____________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

ii . State the type of variation shown in Table 1.

Nyatakan jenis variasi di Jadual 1.

______________________________________________________________________[1 mark]
iii) State another two example based on this variation.
Nyatakan dua contoh lain berdasarkan variasi ini.

_____________________________________________________________________ [2 marks]
______________________________________________________________________________________
Modul Berfokus Biologi
JPN Pulau Pinang
Name : _____________________________ Chapter 15 Variation
__________________________________________________________________________________

(b) What is the factors that cause this variation?

Apakah faktor yang menyebabkan variasi ini?

________________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(c). State your observation from Table 1.

Nyatakan pemerhatian anda dari Jadual 1.

_______________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(d) Complete Table 2 based on this experiment .

Lengkapkan Jadual 2 berdasarkan eksperimen ini.

Variable / Pembolehubah Method of handle the variable/ Kaedah

mengendalikan pembolehubah
Manipulated variable
Pembolehubah manipulasi :
___________________________ __________________________________
Responding variable
Pembolehubah bergerakbalas :
____________________________ __________________________________
Controlled variable
Pembolehubah tetap :
______________________________ _________________________________

[6 marks]
(e) Based on Table 1 , draw the graph of number of seeds against colour of seeds.
Berdasarkan Jadual 1, lukiskan graf bilangan biji kacang lawan warna biji kacang.

[3 marks]

______________________________________________________________________________________
Modul Berfokus Biologi
JPN Pulau Pinang
Name : _____________________________ Chapter 15 Variation
__________________________________________________________________________________

SKEMA JAWAPAN

KERTAS 1

1.B

2.C

3.C

4.A

5.D

6.D

7.A

8.A

9.A

10.B

KERTAS 2

No Section Description/explanation Marks

1 (a) Able to state the dominant trait

Answer:
F :Free earlobe, 1
E : the number of children with free earlobe is 1 2
higher than attached earlobe

(b) Able to determine the inherited trait

Answer:
F: Not sex linkage inheritance 1
E: Both boy and girl inherit the trait 1 2

(c) Able to draw a schematic diagram

answer:
Father x Mother

Parental free earlobe free earlobe

Phenotype

Genotype Ee Ee
Meiosis

Gametes E,e E,e

Fertilisation

______________________________________________________________________________________
Modul Berfokus Biologi
JPN Pulau Pinang
Name : _____________________________ Chapter 15 Variation
__________________________________________________________________________________

Offspring EE Ee Ee ee
Genotype
Offspring
Phenotype free free free attached
Earlobe earlobe earlobe earlobe

Parent genotype
Gamet 1
Meiosis 1
Fertilisation 1
Offspring genotype 1
Offspring phenotype 1 5

(d) (i) Able to state the type of variation

Answer:
Discontinuous variation 1 1

(ii) Able to state the cause of variation

Answer:
The trait is controlled by dominant and recessive gene, no 1 2
effect of environmental factor

(e)
Able to define mutation based on the diagram
Answer: 1 1
A permanent change of white bodied moth to black moth
due to a change of environment//adapt to the environment
12
TOTAL

ESEI

1. The moth exists in two forms, grey in colour and dark melanic. The grey coloured Biston is well
camouflaged against lichen-covered tree trunk in unpolluted environment, giving them protection
from predators. However, in such unpolluted environment, dark melanic Biston are not
camouflaged and their numbers decrease drastically due to predation.

KERTAS 3

1) A garden pea plant seeds with three different colours . table 1 shows the number
of seeds from each colour in a population of 200 seeds.

Colour of seeds White Green Yellow

Number of seeds 1 49 150
Table 1

(a) i . What is variation ?

Variation is a thing which is different from other things in the same general group [1 mark]
______________________________________________________________________________________
Modul Berfokus Biologi
JPN Pulau Pinang
Name : _____________________________ Chapter 15 Variation
__________________________________________________________________________________

ii . State the type of variation shown in Table 1.

Discontinuous variation [1 mark]

iii) State another two example based on this variation.

Earlobes / fingerprints / blood group / tongue rolling [2marks]

(b) What is the factors that cause this variation?

Genetic factors [1 mark]

(c). State your observation from Table 1 .

Variation in colours can be divided into three distinct in colours. [1 mark]

(d) Complete Table 2 based on this experiment .

Variable Method of handle the variable
Manipulated variable :
Colour of seeds Using different colour of seeds
Responding variable :
Number of seeds Counting number of seeds
Controlled variable :
Type of seeds Using same type of seeds

[6 marks]
(e) Base on Table 1 , draw the graph of number of seeds against colour of seeds.

NUMBER OF SEEDS AGAINST COLOUR OF SEEDS

160
140
NUMBER OF SEEDS

120
100
80
60
40 [3 marks]
20
0
WHITE GREEN YELLOW
COLOUR OF SEEDS

______________________________________________________________________________________
Modul Berfokus Biologi
JPN Pulau Pinang