Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Architecture
part_02
I.M. Pei (26 April 1917 – 16 May 2019)
Ieoh Ming Pei
was a Chinese‐
American
architect
(Modernist
Architect)
I.M. Pei 26 April 1917 – 16 May 2019
He studied
architecture at MIT
and joined
Harvard Graduate
School for Design.
I.M. Pei 26 April 1917 – 16 May 2019
He worked for
several companies
and as a professor
at Harvard before
he founded his own
architectural firm in
1955, I.M.Pei &
Associates.
I.M. Pei 26 April 1917 – 16 May 2019
1983, he was
awarded
the Pritzker
Architecture
Prize
I.M. Pei 26 April 1917 – 16 May 2019
Pei's style was
described as
thoroughly
modernist,
with significant
cubist themes.
Mesa
Laboratory
of the National
Center for
Atmospheric
Research
a research center
located in Boulder,
Colorado
Mesa
Laboratory
Pei's first major
recognition
It has been noted
for its Anasazi‐
inspired
architecture and
use of bush‐
hammered
concrete to blend
into the
surrounding area.
Dallas City
Hall
the seat of
municipal
government of
the city of
Dallas, Texas,
United States
inverted
pyramid
design is a
result of space
requirements
from city
government
The Bank of
China Tower
is one of the
most
recognizable
skyscrapers
in Central, Hong
Kong
recognizable for
its distinct
shape,
consisting of
triangular
frameworks
covered by glass
curtain walls
the building is
315.0m high
with two
masts reaching
367.4m high
was the tallest
building in Hong
Kong and Asia
from 1989 to
1992, and it was
the first supertall
skyscraper
outside the United
States, the first to
break the 305m
mark
The Louvre
Pyramid
is a large glass
and metal
pyramid
height of 21.6m
square base has sides
of 34m and a base
surface area of 1,000
square meters
consists of 603
rhombus‐
shaped and 70
triangular glass
segments
I.M. Pei 26 April 1917 – 16 May 2019
I.M. Pei 26 April 1917 – 16 May 2019
I.M. Pei 26 April 1917 – 16 May 2019
Kenzō Tange (4 September 1913 – 22 March 2005)
Tange Kenzō
was a Japanese
architect, and
winner of the
1987 Pritzker
Prize for
architecture
Kenzō Tange (4 September 1913 – 22 March 2005)
one of the most
significant
architects of the
20th century,
combining
traditional
Japanese styles
with modernism
Kenzō Tange (4 September 1913 – 22 March 2005
was also an
influential patron
of the Metabolist
movement
Hiroshima
Peace
Memorial Park
a memorial park
in the center of
Hiroshima,
Japan
The main building
of Hiroshima
Peace Memorial
Museum
Yoyogi National
Gymnasium
an arena located
atYoyogi
Park in Shibuya,
Tokyo, Japan
famous for its
suspension roof
design
Inspired by the skyline of
the Colosseum in Rome,
the roofs have a skin
suspended from two
masts.
The buildings were
inspired by Le
Corbusier’s Philips
Pavilion designed for
Brussel's World Fair and
the Ingalls Rink Yale
University's hockey
stadium by Eero
Saarinen.
St. Mary's
Cathedral,
Tokyo
the seat of the
Roman Catholic
Archdiocese of
Tokyo
layout of the
building is in the
form of a cross,
from which
eight hyperbolic
parabolas rise
Kenzō Tange (4 September 1913 – 22 March 2005)
Kenzō Tange (4 September 1913 – 22 March 2005)
Le Corbusier (6 October 1887 – 27 August 1965)
Charles‐Édouard
Jeanneret
was a Swiss‐
French architect,
designer,
painter, urban
planner, writer
Le Corbusier (6 October 1887 – 27 August 1965)
one of the
pioneers of what
is now called
modern
architecture
Le Corbusier (6 October 1887 – 27 August 1965)
was influential in
urban planning,
and prepared the
master plan for
the city of
Chandigarh,
India
Le Corbusier (6 October 1887 – 27 August 1965)
developed the
Modulor
The Modulor was a standard
model of the human form which
Le Corbusier devised to determine
the correct amount of living space
needed for residents in his
buildings.
Le Corbusier (6 October 1887 – 27 August 1965)
developed a set
of architectural
principles that
dictated his
technique, which
he called "the
Five Points of a
New
Architecture"
1. The Pilotis, or pylon. The building is raised up on
reinforced concrete pylons, which allows for free
circulation on the ground level, and eliminates dark and
damp parts of the house.
2. The Roof Terrace. The sloping roof is replaced by a flat
roof; the roof can be used as a garden, for promenades,
sports or a swimming pool.
3. The Free Plan. Load‐bearing walls are replaced by a steel
or reinforced concrete columns, so the interior can be
freely designed, and interior walls can put anywhere, or
left out entirely. The structure of the building is not visible
from the outside.
4. The Ribbon Window. Since the walls do not
support the house, the windows can run the entire
length of the house, so all rooms can get equal
light.
5. The Free Façade. Since the building is supported by
columns in the interior, the façade can be much
lighter and more open, or made entirely of glass.
There is no need for lintels or other structure
around the windows.
Villa Savoye
a modernist villa
in Poissy, on the
outskirts
of Paris, France
Notre Dame du
Haut
a Roman
Catholic chapel
in Ronchamp,
France
Palace of
Assembly
a legislative
assembly located
in Chandigarh,
India
built around the
1950s
this building was
designated as
a UNESCO
World Heritage
Site in 2016
features a
circular assembly
chamber, a forum
for conversation
and transactions,
and a stair‐free
circulation
Le Corbusier (6 October 1887 – 27 August 1965)
Le Corbusier (6 October 1887 – 27 August 1965)
Louis Henry
Sullivan Louis Sullivan
an American (September 3, 1856
architect, and has – April 14, 1924)
been called the
"father of
skyscrapers" and
"father of
modernism"
Louis Sullivan
one of "the (September 3, 1856
recognized – April 14, 1924)
trinity of
American
architecture"
he often
punctuated plain Louis Sullivan
surfaces with
eruptions of lush (September 3, 1856
Art Nouveau or – April 14, 1924)
Celtic Revival
decorations,
usually cast in iron
or terra cotta
The Auditorium
Building
one of the best‐
known designs
of Louis Sullivan
and Dankmar
Adler
Chicago, 1889
The
Wainwright
Building
a 10‐story, 41 m
terra cotta
office building
in St. Louis,
Missouri
The Wainwright
Building is
considered the
first expression
of high rise as a
tall building
early
skyscrapers
The Guaranty
Building,
(Prudential
Building)
is an early
skyscraper in
Buffalo, New
York
The supporting
steel structure
of the building
was embellished
with terra
cotta blocks.
Sullivan's design
for the building
was based on
his belief that
"form follows
function"
Louis Sullivan (September 3, 1856 – April 14, 1924)
Louis Sullivan (September 3, 1856 – April 14, 1924)
Louis Sullivan (September 3, 1856 – April 14, 1924)
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (March 27, 1886 – August 17, 1969)
Maria Ludwig
Michael Mies
was a German‐
American
architect
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (March 27, 1886 – August 17, 1969)
along with Alvar
Aalto, Le
Corbusier, Walter
Gropius and Frank
Lloyd Wright, he is
regarded as one of
the pioneers
of modernist
architecture
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (March 27, 1886 – August 17, 1969)
architectural
style, stated
with extreme
clarity and
simplicity
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (March 27, 1886 – August 17, 1969)
He called his
buildings "skin
and bones"
architecture
The Farnsworth
House
was designed
and constructed
by Rohe,
between 1945
and 1951
a one‐room
weekend
retreat
steel and
glass house
"If you view nature
through the glass
walls of the
Farnsworth House, it
gains a more
profound significance
than if viewed from
the outside. That way
more is said about
nature—it becomes
part of a larger
whole."
One Charles
Center
a historic office
building located
in Baltimore,
Maryland,
United States
a 23‐story
aluminum and
glass
International
Style
skyscraper
The base consists
of a concrete‐
faced podium
topped by a paved
plaza, with the
"T"‐shaped office
tower atop.
The tower includes
metal trim and
gray glass.
S. R. Crown Hall
the home of the
College of
Architecture at
the Illinois
Institute of
Technology
in Chicago, Illinois
the basic steel
and glass
construction style
Embodiment of
“less is more”
The Seagram
Building
is a skyscraper
Midtown
Manhattan, New
York City
The building
stands 515 feet
(157 m) tall with
38 stories
was built of
a steel frame,
from which non‐
structural glass
walls were hung
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (March 27, 1886 – August 17, 1969)
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (March 27, 1886 – August 17, 1969)
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (March 27, 1886 – August 17, 1969)