CLS Aipmt 18 19 XIII Zoo Study Package 1 SET 1 Chapter 2

Chapter 2
Biomolecules
Solutions
SECTION - A
Objective Type Questions
(How to Analyse Chemical Composition? Primary and Secondary Metabolites, Carbohydrates)
1. Which of the following is not strictly a biomacromolecule?
(1) Proteins (2) Lipids (3) Polysaccharides (4) Nucleic acid
Sol. Answer (2)
Because the molecular weight of lipids does not exceed 800 Da but they come under the acid insoluble fraction.
2. A secondary metabolite that acts as a toxin is

(1) Carotenoids (2) Curcumin (3) Abrin (4) Monoterpenes
Sol. Answer (3)
Carotenoid – Pigment
Curcumin – Drug
Monoterpenes – Terpenoids
3. A secondary metabolite that is alkaloid in nature is

(1) Codeine (2) Anthocyanin (3) Gum (4) Abrin
Sol. Answer (1)
Anthocyanin – Pigment
Gum – Polymeric substance
Abrin – Toxin
4. Peptidoglycan present in bacterial cell envelope is

(1) Made up of cellulose (2) A heteropolymer (3) An oligosaccharide (4) A homopolymer
Sol. Answer (2)
Peptidoglycan is a heteropolysaccharide made up of two alternate amino sugar molecules i.e., N-acetyl
glucosamines and N-acetyl muramic acid.
(Proteins, Lipids)
5. The most abundant protein in animal world is

(1) Chitin (2) Collagen (3) Peptidoglycan (4) Hyaluronic acid
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20 Biomolecules Solutions of Assignment
Sol. Answer (2)

Because chitin, peptidoglycan and hyaluronic acid, are polysaccharide, not protein.
6. The amino acids in a protein are held together by

(1) Glycosidic bond (2) Phosphodiester bond (3) Peptide bond (4) Hydrogen bond
Sol. Answer (3)
Glycosidic bond : Formed between the two monosaccharides (sugar molecule).
Phosphodiester bond : This bond is formed in nucleic acid i.e. DNA or RNA, between the phosphate and
hydroxyl group of sugar.
7. A protein which exhibits β pleated structure is

(1) Fibroin (2) Haemoglobin (3) Enzyme (4) α-Keratin
Sol. Answer (1)
Haemoglobin → Quaternary structure
Enzymes → Tertiary structure
α-Keratin → Secondary structure
8. An example of protein with quaternary structure is

(1) Myoglobin (2) Haemoglobin (3) Keratin (4) All of these
Sol. Answer (2)
Myoglobin : Tertiary structure
Keratin : Secondary structure
9. Lecithin is a
(1) Type of wax (2) Phospholipid (3) Oil (4) Simple fatty acid
Sol. Answer (2)
Because lecithin made up of a molecule of glycerol, a phosphate group, 2 fatty acid molecules, choline
(N-containing alcohol molecule)
O
O CH2 O C R1
R2 C O CH O CH3
CH2 O P O CH2 CH2 N CH3
OH CH3
Lecithin
10. Lipids that insulate the nerve fibre are
(1) Lecithin (2) Cholesterol (3) Suberin (4) Glycolipids
Sol. Answer (4)
The glycolipids are present in myelin sheath of nerve fibres.
11. The primary precursor for the production of cholesterol in our body is
(1) Acetic acid (2) Citric acid (3) Ethyl alcohol (4) Methanol
Sol. Answer (1)
In biosynthetic pathway or anabolic pathway, the acetic acid is converted into cholesterol in liver.
Solutions of Assignment Biomolecules 21
(Nucleic Acid)
12. The pentose sugar present in RNA is

(1) Galactose (2) Sucrose (3) Ribose (4) Fructose
Sol. Answer (3)
Ribose is a monosaccharide sugar present in RNA.
Deoxyribose is a derived monosaccharide sugar present in DNA.
13. Nucleoside is
(1) Sugar + Nitrogenous base (2) Sugar + Phosphate
(3) Nitrogenous base + Phosphate (4) Purine + Pyrimidine
Sol. Answer (1)
Nucleoside = Sugar + Nitrogenous base
Nucleotide = Sugar + Nitrogenous base + Phosphate
14. In B-DNA, one full turn of the helical strand contains

(1) 11 base pairs (2) 8 base pairs (3) 10 base pairs (4) 9 base pairs
Sol. Answer (3)
A form → 11 base pairs
B form → 10 base pairs
C form → 9 base pairs
D form → 8 base pairs
15. In a DNA molecule adenine of one strand base pair with ____ on the other strand
(1) Guanine (2) Thymine (3) Cytosine (4) Both (1) & (3)
Sol. Answer (2)
In DNA, A T, C G
16. In B-DNA, the rise per base pair would be

(1) 4.3 Å (2) 2.4 Å (3) 3.4 Å (4) 4.2 Å
Sol. Answer (3)
In B-DNA, the rise per base pair would be 3.4 Å.
17. The nitrogenous bases of the two strands of DNA are joined by
(1) Phosphodiester bond (2) Hydrogen bond (3) Glycosidic bond (4) Peptide bond
Sol. Answer (2)
Hydrogen bond : The bond formed between two polynucleotide strands of DNA.
Glycosidic bond : Formed between the two monosaccharides (sugar).
Peptide bond : Formed between 2 amino acids.
Phosphodiester bond : Bond formed in nucleic acid i.e. DNA or DNA, between the phosphate and hydroxyl
group of sugar.
18. The genetic material of Tobacco mosaic virus is

(1) RNA (2) DNA (3) Protein (4) NADPH
Sol. Answer (1)
The genetic material of TMV is ssRNA.
19. The double helix model of DNA was proposed by

(1) Berzelius (2) Watson and Crick (3) Griffith (4) Robert Brown
Sol. Answer (2)
The double helix model of DNA was proposed by Watson and Crick.
20. In the 5′ end of a DNA molecule

(1) The fifth carbon of pyrimidine base is free (2) The fifth carbon of purine base is free
(3) The fifth carbon of pentose sugar is free (4) Both (1) & (3)
Sol. Answer (3)
One end of the strand is called 5′ end where the fifth carbon of the pentose sugar is free and the other is
called 3'end where the third carbon of pentose sugar is free.
21. The pitch of the B-DNA is

(1) 36 Å (2) 3.4 Å (3) 34 Å (4) 3.6 Å
Sol. Answer (3)
In B-DNA, one turn of helical strand has 10 nucleotides.
The base pairs of DNA are stacked 3.4 Å part.
∴ Pitch of the DNA = 3.4 Å × 10 = 34 Å
22. In DNA, uracil is replaced by

(1) Thymine (2) Thiamine (3) Cytosine (4) Adenine
Sol. Answer (1)
In DNA, thymine is present.
In RNA, uracil is present.
(Amino Acid and Dynamic State of Body Constituents–Concept of Metabolism)

23. In glycine the R group is replaced by
(1) A methyl group (2) Hydroxy methyl (3) A carboxylic group (4) A hydrogen
Sol. Answer (4)
Glycine is a simplest amino acid in which R-group is replaced by hydrogen.
24. Zwitterions are ionized species of

(1) Acidic amino acids (2) Basic amino acids
(3) Neutral amino acids (4) All of these
Sol. Answer (4)
Since amino acid can carry both +ve and –ve charges simultaneously, hence they are termed as Zwitterions.
25. Non-essential amino acids

(1) Must be obtained from food (2) Are synthesized in our body
(3) Are not needed in our diet (4) Both (2) & (3)
Sol. Answer (4)
Because non-essential amino acid are synthesised in our body, so there is no need to take it in our diet.
26. Metabolic flux is regulated by

(1) Enzymes (2) Sugars (3) Phospholipids (4) Sterols
Sol. Answer (1)
Metabolic flux is the rate of turn over of molecules through a metabolic pathway.
(The Living State, Enzymes)
27. Proteins which catalyse biochemical reactions in the living world are known as
(1) Enzymes (2) Hormones (3) Antibodies (4) Receptor
Sol. Answer (1)
Because almost all enzymes are protein which catalyse the biochemical reaction.
Hormones can be steroid and amino-acid derivative also.
Antibodies are glycoprotein.
Receptors are associated with sensory reception.
28. Ribozymes are _______ that behave like enzymes

(1) Proteins
(2) Ribonucleic acids
(3) Oligosaccharide
(4) Simple lipids
Sol. Answer (2)
Because ribozymes are the RNA which act as an enzyme.
29. The most abundant enzyme in the biosphere is

(1) Collagen (2) RuBisCO (3) Trypsin (4) Insulin
Sol. Answer (2)
Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (RuBisCO) is the most abundant protein in the whole of the
biosphere.
30. What is the fate of pyruvic acid under anaerobic conditions in our body?
(1) It gets converted into methyl alcohol
(2) It gets converted into acetyl CoA
(3) It gets converted into lactic acid
(4) It gets converted into glycogen
Sol. Answer (3)
Under anaerobic condition, the glucose is converted into lactic acid in muscle.
31. Organic compounds that are tightly bound to apoenzyme is

(1) Prosthetic group (2) Apoenzyme (3) Metal ions (4) Co-enzymes
Sol. Answer (1)
Enzyme (Holoenzyme)
Protein part Non-protein part

(Apozyme) (Cofactor)
Organic compound Inorganic
It includes metal ions

2+ 2+
Tightly bound Loosely bound i.e., Zn , Mg , etc.
(Prosthetic group) (Co-enzyme)
32. Bacterial pathogen can be controlled by

(1) p-amino benzoic acid (2) Malonate (3) Sulphanilamide (4) All of these
Sol. Answer (3)
Sulpha drugs are derivatives of sulphanilamide, which inhibit the synthesis of folic acid in bacteria by competing
with p-amino benzoic acid (PABA) required for the synthesis of folic acid by folic acid synthetase.
33. Non-protein part of enzyme is known as

(1) Apoenzyme (2) Cofactor (3) Inorganic catalyst (4) Active site
Sol. Answer (2)
Enzyme (Holoenzyme)
Protein part Non-protein part

(Apozyme) (Cofactor)
Organic compound Inorganic

2+ 2+
Tightly bound Loosely bound i.e., Zn , Mg etc.
(Prosthetic group) (Co-enzyme)
SECTION - B
Objective Type Questions
(How to Analyse Chemical Composition? Primary and Secondary Metabolites, Carbohydrates)
1. In maltose glycosidic bond is formed between
(1) Carbon 1 of one glucose molecule and carbon 4 of second glucose molecule
Sol. Answer (1)
CH2OH CH2OH
O H H O H
H
H H
1 4
OH H OH H
OH O
OH
H OH H OH
2. The given structure represents a monosaccharide known as

O
HOCH2
OH OH
OH OH
(1) Ribose (2) Glucose (3) Fructose (4) Raffinose
Sol. Answer (1)
Ribose is a pentose sugar.
3. Chitin present in the exoskeletons of arthropods is
(1) Protein (2) Polysaccharide
(3) Lipid (4) Derived monosaccharide
Sol. Answer (2)
Because chitin is a polymer of nitrogen containing glucose derivative known as N-acetyl glucosamine.
4. One of the following is correct sequence of carbohydrates in the order of increasing complexity of chemical
structure
(1) Sucrose, starch, oligosaccharide, maltose, triose (2) Triose, maltose, sucrose, oligosaccharide, starch
(3) Triose, glucose, maltose, oligosaccharide, starch (4) Oligosaccharide, triose, starch, sucrose, maltose
Sol. Answer (3)
Triose – 3 C containing molecule
Glucose – Monosaccharide (6 C)
Maltose – Disaccharide (2 Monosaccharide units)
Oligosaccharide – (2–10) Monosaccharide units
Starch – Polysaccharides
5. Glucose is stored as glycogen in

(1) Pancreas (2) Bone (3) Kidney (4) Liver
Sol. Answer (4)
Because liver is a gland where glucose get converted into glycogen.
6. A cellulose molecule is formed by the polymerisation of glucose. The number of glucose molecules present
in a cellulose is
(1) 600 (2) 6000 (3) 60,000 (4) 60
Sol. Answer (2)
A cellulose molecule is formed by polymerisation of 6000 molecules of β glucose.
(Proteins, Lipids and Nucleic Acids)

7. The structure of protein which gives a three dimensional view is
(1) Primary structure (2) α-helix
(3) β-pleated sheet (4) Tertiary structure
Sol. Answer (4)
Tertiary structure of protein gives a three dimensional view.
8. The product of the given reaction would be a
CH2OH HOOC–R1
CHOH + HOOC–R2
CH2OH HOOC–R3
Glycerol Fatty acid
(1) Monoglyceride (2) Diglyceride (3) Triglyceride (4) Both (1) & (3)
Sol. Answer (3)

Because given structure has three fatty acids.
9. The given fatty acid is known as CH3(CH2)7 CH = CH (CH2)7 COOH

(1) Palmitic acid (2) Oleic acid (3) Stearic acid (4) Arachidonic acid
Sol. Answer (2)
(CH3)2(CH2)7CH = CH(CH2)7COOH – Oleic acid
CH3(CH2)14COOH – Palmitic acid
CH3(CH2)16COOH – Stearic acid
Arachidonic acid : CH3(CH2)4CH = CHCH2CH = CHCH2CH = CHCH2CH = CH(CH2)3COOH
(20 C)
10. Nucleic acids exhibit

(1) Secondary structure (2) Tertiary structure (3) Quaternary structure (4) Both (2) & (3)
Sol. Answer (1)
Because nucleic acid (DNA) has double helical structure and it comes under secondary structure.
11. The backbone of a DNA molecule is made up of

(1) Adenine and guanine (2) Sugar-phosphate-sugar chain
(3) Cytosine and thymine (4) All of these
Sol. Answer (2)
Backbone of a DNA molecule is made up of Sugar – Phosphate – Sugar chain
3' P 5'
P = Phosphate
S A T S S = Sugar
A = Adenine
P P T = Thymine
G = Guanine
S G C S C = Cytosine
P P
S T A S
5' P 3'
12. If the sequence of bases in one of the DNA strand is A G G A G A A, then the sequence of bases in the other
complementary strand of DNA would be
(1) C C T T C T T (2) T C T C T C C (3) T C C T C T T (4) C C T C T C T
Sol. Answer (3)
Because A = T, G ≡ C
13. RNA is a polymer of

(1) Ribonucleotides (2) Deoxyribonucleotides
(3) Deoxyribonucleosides (4) Ribonucleosides
Sol. Answer (1)
It is made up of ribose sugar, phosphate and nitrogenous bases (A, U, G, C).
14. t-RNA constitutes about
(1) 70-80% of the total RNA (2) 15% of the total RNA
(3) 5% of the total RNA (4) 1-3% of the total RNA
Sol. Answer (2)
r-RNA → 70 – 80% of total RNA
t-RNA → 15% of total RNA
m-RNA → 2–5% of total RNA
15. In DNA, cytosine pairs with

(1) Guanine (2) Thymine (3) Adenine (4) Uracil
Sol. Answer (1)
A = T (2 hydrogen bonds between adenine and thymine)
G ≡ C (3 hydrogen bonds between cytosine and guanine)
(Amino Acid and Dynamic State of Body Constituents–Concept of Metabolism)

16. The given amino acid is _______ in nature.
COOH
H2N–C–H
CH2.COOH
(1) Acidic (2) Basic (3) Neutral (4) Aromatic

Sol. Answer (1)
Because given structure has an extra carboxylic group.
17. Which of the following are basic amino acids?

(1) Glycine and Alanine (2) Lysine and Arginine
(3) Glutamic acid and Aspartic acid (4) Histidine and Proline
Sol. Answer (2)
Lysine and Arginine → Basic amino acid → +ve charged
Glutamic acid and Aspartic acid → Acidic amino acid → –ve charge
18. Which of the following aminoacids is involved in the formation of Heme?

(1) Tryptophan (2) Tyrosine (3) Glycine (4) Histidine
Sol. Answer (3)
Because amino-acid glycine provides nitrogen and carbon atoms for the synthesis of heme.
19. Which one of the following is alcoholic amino acid pair?

(1) Tyrosine and serine (2) Threonine and serine
(3) Phenylalanine and tyrosine (4) Tryptophan and phenylalanine
Sol. Answer (2)
Because these two amino acids contain alcohol group.
20. Lysine is an essential amino acid because

(1) It is very rare
(2) It has a high nutritive value
(3) It is an important constituent of all proteins
(4) It is not formed in the body and has to be provided through diet
Sol. Answer (4)
Essential amino acids are not synthesised in body.
21. In which of the following energy is released?

(1) Conversion of glucose into pyruvate (2) Formation of proteins from amino acids
(3) Conversion of glucose into lactic acid (4) Both (1) & (3)
Sol. Answer (4)
Anaerobic combustion of glucose releases energy in the form of ATP.
22. Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) liberates high energy by the breakdown of

(1) Glycosidic bond (2) Hydrogen bond
(3) Phosphate bond (4) Both (1) & (3)
Sol. Answer (3)
ATP ⎯→ ADP + iP (inorganic phosphate)
(The Living State, Enzymes)

23. Which of the following statements is correct?
(1) Biocatalysts accelerate the rate of a given metabolic reaction
(2) Biocatalysts are generally protein
(3) Enzyme catalyst differ from inorganic catalyst
(4) All of these
Sol. Answer (4)
24. Which of the following statements is incorrect w.r.t. inorganic catalysts?

(1) They do not occur in living cells (2) They are not specific for any reaction
(3) They get damaged at high temperature (4) They work efficiently at high pressure
Sol. Answer (3)
Inorganic catalyst work efficiently at high temperature and pressure, but enzyme get damaged at high
temperature (i.e. above 40ºC) except thermophillic enzyme.
25. Enzymes catalyse biochemical reactions by

(1) Lowering the activation energy
(2) Increasing the activation energy
(3) Establishing stable bonds with substrate
(4) Increasing temperature
Sol. Answer (1)
Enzyme lowers the activation energy and thus increases the rate of reaction.
26. Read the following :
(a) Low temperature preserves the enzyme
(b) Enzyme activity increases above optimum temperature
(c) Enzyme gets denatured at high temperature
(d) Competitive inhibitor competes with the product formed
Which of the following statement are true?
(1) (a) & (c) (2) (b) & (d) (3) (c) & (d) (4) (a) & (b)
Sol. Answer (1)
(b) Statement is wrong because enzyme activity decreases above optimum temperature.
(d) Statement is wrong because competitive inhibitor completes with substrate for active site, not with product
formed.
27. Enzymes catalysing the breakdown of larger molecules into smaller molecules are
(1) Hydrolases (2) Isomerases (3) Ligase (4) Both (1) & (3)
Sol. Answer (1)
Because, hydrolases are the enzyme which catalyse the breakdown of larger molecules into smaller molecules
with the addition of water.
Isomerases : They are the enzymes which catalyse the rearrangement of molecular structure to form isomers.
Ligases : They help in joining C – O, C – S, C – N etc. bonds by using energy of ATP.
28. Michaelis constant (Km) value of enzyme is substrate concentration at which velocity of reaction is
(1) Vmax (2) One third Vmax (3) Half Vmax (4) One fifth Vmax
Sol. Answer (3)
Vmax
Velocity Vmax
of reaction 2
Km [s]
29. _______ catalyses covalent bonding of two substrates.
(1) Invertase
(2) Amylase
(3) Glutamate pyruvate transaminase
(4) PEP carboxylase
Sol. Answer (4)
Because this is a ligase enzyme.
30. The enzyme that catalyses the conversion of glucose-6-phosphate into fructose-6-phosphate is
(1) A ligase (2) An isomerase

(3) A lyase (4) A hydrolase
Sol. Answer (2)
isomerase

Glucose-6-phosphate
fructose-6-phosphate
31. Study the following statements :

(a) The substrate binds to the active site of the enzyme
(b) Enzymes isolated from thermophilic organisms get denatured at 50°C
(c) The active site of enzyme breaks the chemical bonds of the product
(d) Prosthetic groups are tightly bound to the apoenzyme
Select the option which includes all correct statements :
(1) (a) & (c) (2) (c) & (d) (3) (b) & (c) (4) (a) & (d)
Sol. Answer (4)
(b) Statement is wrong, because thermophillic enzymes don't get denatured at high temperature, they work
efficiently at high temperature (750ºC).
(c) Statement is wrong, because enzyme don't break chemical bonds of product but of substrate.
32. All enzymes are proteins, except

(1) Trypsin (2) Pepsin
(3) Steapsin (4) Ribozyme and Ribonuclease-P
Sol. Answer (4)
Because, all enzymes are proteins, except, ribozyme and ribonuclease-P, which are RNA act as enzyme.
33. Cyanide kills an animal by

(1) Killing the brain cells
(2) Competitive inhibitor of enzyme cytochrome oxidise
(3) Inhibiting cytochrome oxidase, a mitochondrial enzyme essential for cellular respiration by Non-competitive
inhibition
(4) Killing the cells of cardiac muscles
Sol. Answer (3)
Cyanide poisoining is an example of non competitive inhibition of enzyme.
34. Electron transferring enzymes belong to

(1) Transferases (2) Oxidoreductases (3) Lyases (4) Isomerases
Sol. Answer (2)
The main enzymes of electron transport chain are dehydrogenase, reductase, cytochrome oxidase, which
belongs to the oxidoreductase class of an enzyme.
SECTION - C
Previous Years Questions
1. Which of the following are not polymeric? [NEET-2017]

(1) Nucleic acids (2) Proteins (3) Polysaccharides (4) Lipids
Sol. Answer (4)
– Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides
– Proteins are polymers of amino acids
– Polysaccharides are polymers of monosaccharides
– Lipids are the esters of fatty acids and alcohol
2. Which one of the following statements is correct, with reference to enzymes? [NEET-2017]
(1) Apoenzyme = Holoenzyme + Coenzyme (2) Holoenzyme = Apoenzyme + Coenzyme
(3) Coenzyme = Apoenzyme + Holoenzyme (4) Holoenzyme = Coenzyme + Cofactor
Sol. Answer (2)
Holoenzyme is conjugated enzyme in which protein part is apoenzyme while non-protein is cofactor.
Coenzyme are also organic compounds but their association with apoenzyme is only transient and serve as
cofactors.
3. A non-proteinaceous enzyme is [NEET(Phase-2) 2016]

(1) Lysozyme (2) Ribozyme (3) Ligase (4) Deoxyribonuclease
Sol. Answer (2)
Ribozyme is RNA acting like an enzyme or biocatalyst.
4. Which of the following is the least likely to be involved in stabilizing the three-dimensional folding of most
proteins? [NEET(Phase-2) 2016]
(1) Hydrogen bonds (2) Electrostatic interaction
(3) Hydrophobic interaction (4) Ester bonds
Sol. Answer (4)
Ester bond is formed between sugar and phosphate in a nucleotide.
5. Which of the following describes the given graph correctly? [NEET(Phase-2) 2016]
B
Potential Energy
A
Substrate
Product
Reaction
(1) Endothermic reaction with energy A in presence of enzyme and B in absence of enzyme
(2) Exothermic reaction with energy A in presence of enzyme and B in absence of enzyme
(3) Endothermic reaction with energy A in absence of enzyme and B in presence of enzyme
(4) Exothermic reaction with energy A in absence of enzyme and B in presence of enzyme
Sol. Answer (2)
Potential energy of substrate is more than the product. So it is an exothermic reaction. 'A' represents the
activation energy in the presence of enzyme while 'B' in the absence of enzyme i.e., enzyme lowers down
the activation energy.
6. A typical fat molecule is made up of [NEET-2016]

(1) Three glycerol and three fatty acid molecules
(2) Three glycerol molecules and one fatty acid molecule
(3) One glycerol and three fatty acid molecules
(4) One glycerol and one fatty acid molecule
Sol. Answer (3)
A typical fat molecule is triglyceride formed by esterification of one glycerol and three fatty acid molecules.
7. Which one of the following statements is wrong? [NEET-2016]

(1) Glycine is a sulphur containing amino acid (2) Sucrose is a disaccharide
(3) Cellulose is a polysaccharide (4) Uracil is a pyrimidine
Sol. Answer (1)
Glycine is simplest amino acid in which 'R' is replaced by H(Hydrogen).
8. Which of the following biomolecules does have a phosphodiester bond? [Re-AIPMT-2015]

(1) Nucleic acids in a nucleotide (2) Fatty acids in a diglyceride
(3) Monosaccharides in a polysaccharide (4) Amino acids in a polypeptide
Sol. Answer (1)
Phosphodiester bond is formed between two nucleotides of nucleic acid.
9. The chitinous exoskeleton of arthropods is formed by the polymerisation of [Re-AIPMT-2015]

(1) Lipoglycans (2) Keratin sulphate and chondroitin sulphate
(3) D-glucosamine (4) N-acetyl glucosamine
Sol. Answer (4)
Exoskeleton of arthropods is made up of chitin. Chitin is a polymer of N-acetyl glucosamine.
10. Which one of the following is not applicable to RNA? [Re-AIPMT-2015]

(1) Chargaff's rule
(2) Complementary base pairing
(3) 5' phosphoryl and 3' hydroxyl ends
(4) Heterocyclic nitrogenous bases
Sol. Answer (1)
Chargaff's rule is applicable only for DNA.
11. In sea urchin DNA, which is double stranded 17% of the bases were shown to be cytosine. The percentages
of the other three bases expected to be present in this DNA are [AIPMT-2015]
(1) G 8.5%, A 50%, T 24.5%
(2) G 34%, A 24.5%, T 24.5%
(3) G 17%, A 16.5%, T 32.5%
(4) G 17%, A 33%, T 33%
Sol. Answer (4)
12. Which one of the following statements is incorrect? [AIPMT-2015]
(1) The presence of the competitive inhibitor decreases the Km of the enzyme for the substrate
(2) A competitive inhibitor reacts reversibly with the enzyme to form an enzyme-inhibitor complex
(3) In competitive inhibition, the inhibitor molecule is not chemically changed by the enzyme
(4) The competitive inhibitor does not affect the rate of breakdown of the enzyme-substrate complex
Sol. Answer (1)
13. Select the option which is not correct with respect to enzyme action: [AIPMT-2014]
(1) Substrate binds with enzyme at its active site
(2) Addition of lot of succinate does not reverse the inhibition of succinic dehydrogenase by malonate
(3) A non - competitive inhibitor binds the enzyme at a site distinct from that which binds the substrate
(4) Malonate is a competitive inhibitor of succinic dehydrogenase
Sol. Answer (2)
Inhibition of succinic dehydrogenase by malonate is an example of competitive inhibition. This is reversible
reaction. On increasing the substrate (succinate) concentration the effect of inhibitor is removed and Vmax
remain same.
14. Which one of the following is a non - reducing carbohydrate? [AIPMT-2014]

(1) Maltose (2) Sucrose (3) Lactose (4) Ribose 5-phosphate
Sol. Answer (2)
Lactose, Maltose, Ribose 5-phosphate all are reducing sugars.
15. A phosphoglyceride is always made up of: [NEET-2013]

(1) Only an unsaturated fatty acid esterified to a glycerol molecule to which a phosphate group is also attached
(2) A saturated or unsaturated fatty acid esterified to a glycerol molecule to which a phosphate group is also
attached
(3) A saturated or unsaturated fatty acid esterified to a phosphate group which is also attached to a glycerol
molecule
(4) Only a saturated fatty acid esterified to a glycerol molecule to which a phosphate group is also attached
Sol. Answer (2)
16. The essential chemical components of many coenzymes are: [NEET-2013]

(1) Nucleic acids (2) Carbohydrates (3) Vitamins (4) Proteins
Sol. Answer (3)
17. Transition state structure of the substrate formed during an enzymatic reaction is : [NEET-2013]
(1) Permanent but unstable (2) Transient and unstable
(3) Permanent and stable (4) Transient but stable
Sol. Answer (2)
18. Macromolecule chitin is [NEET-2013]

(1) Phosphorus containing polysaccharide (2) Sulphur containing polysaccharide
(3) Simple polysaccharide (4) Nitrogen containing polysaccharide
Sol. Answer (4)
19. Which one out of A – D given below correctly represents the structural formula of the basic amino acid?
A B C D
NH2 NH2 CH2OH
| | NH2
|
H C COOH H C COOH CH2 H C COOH
| | |
CH2 CH2
CH2 CH2 |
| | | CH2
CH2 OH NH2 |
| CH2
C |
CH2
OH |
O
NH2
[AIPMT (Prelims)-2012]
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D
Sol. Answer (4)
Because in 'D', it has an extra amino group, because of which it carry +ve charge which comes under basic
amino acid.
20. Given below is the diagrammatic representation of one of the categories of small molecular weight organic compounds
in the living tissues. Identify the category shown and the one blank component “X” in it
HOCH2 O "X"
OH OH
[AIPMT (Prelims)-2012]
Category Component
(1) Nucleotide Adenine
(2) Nucleoside Uracil
(3) Cholesterol Guanin
(4) Amino acid NH2
Sol. Answer (2)
Because the given structure doesn't have phosphate group so it is nucleoside and "X" is uracil because it
consists ribose sugar.
21. For its activity, carboxypeptidase requires [AIPMT (Mains)-2012]

(1) Copper (2) Zinc (3) Iron (4) Niacin
Sol. Answer (2)
Carboxypeptidase require Zn2+ metal ion.
22. Which one of the following biomolecules is correctly characterised? [AIPMT (Mains)-2012]
(1) Alanine amino acid – Contains an amino group and an acidic group anywhere in the molecule
(2) Lecithin – a phosphorylated glyceride found in cell membrane
(3) Palmitic acid – an unsaturated fatty acid with 18 carbon atoms
(4) Adenylic acid – adenosine with a glucose phosphate molecule
Sol. Answer (2)
Option (1) is wrong, because alanine contains an amino group and an acidic group at α-carbon in the molecule.
Option (3) is wrong, because palmitic acid is a saturated fatty acid with 16C atoms.
Option (4) is wrong, because adenylic acid is form by adding phosphate group to adenosine.
23. The curve given below show enzymatic activity with relation to three conditions (pH, temperature and substrate
concentration)
y-axis
x-axis
What do the two axes (x and y) represent? [AIPMT (Prelims)-2011]
x-axis y-axis
(1) Enzymatic activity Temperature
(2) Enzymatic activity pH
(3) Temperature Enzyme activity
(4) Substrate concentration Enzymatic activity
Sol. Answer (3)
y
Enzymatic
activity
x
pH or Temperature
24. Which one of the following structural formulae of two organic compound is correctly identified along with its
related function
O
O CH2—O—C—R
NH2
A R2—C—O—CH O N
B N
CH2—O—P—O—CH2—CH2 [AIPMT (Prelims)-2011]
OH N+ N NH
CH3 CH3
CH3
(1) A : Lecithin – a component of cell membrane
(2) B : Adenine – a nucleotide that makes up nucleic acids
(3) A : Triglyceride – major source of energy
(4) B : Uracil – a component of DNA
Sol. Answer (1)
Given structure 'A' is Leathin and 'B' is Adenine.
25. The figure given below shows the conversion of a substrate into product by an enzyme. In which one of the
four options (1–4) the components of reaction labelled as A, B, C and D are identified correctly?
A
C
D
B Substrate
Product
Progress of Reaction [AIPMT (Mains)-2010]
A B C D
(1) Potential energy Transition state Activation energy with Activation energy
enzyme without enzyme
(2) Transition state Potential energy Activation energy Activation energy with
without enzyme enzyme
(3) Activation energy Transition state Activation energy with Potential energy
without enzyme enzyme
(4) Activation energy with Transition state Activation energy Potential energy
enzyme without enzyme
Sol. Answer (2)
26. Three of the following statements about enzymes are correct and one is wrong. Which one is wrong?
[AIPMT (Mains)-2010]
(1) Enzymes require optimum pH for maximal activity
(2) Enzymes are denatured at high temperature but in certain exceptional organisms they are effective even
at temperatures 80°-90°C
(3) Enzymes are highly specific
(4) Most enzymes are proteins but some are lipids
Sol. Answer (4)
Because most enzymes are protein but some are RNA i.e. Ribonuclease-P and ribozyme.
27. Which one of the following pairs is wrongly matched? [AIPMT (Prelims)-2009]
(1) Alcohol – Nitrogenase
(2) Fruit juice – Pectinase
(3) Textile – Amylase
(4) Detergents – Lipase
Sol. Answer (1)
28. Carbohydrates are commonly found as starch in plant storage organs. Which of the following five properties
of starch (a - e) make it useful as a storage material? [AIPMT (Prelims)-2008]
a. Easily translocated b. Chemical non-reactive
c. Easily digested by animals d. Osmotically inactive
e. Synthesized during photosynthesis
The useful properties are
(1) Both a & e (2) Both b & c (3) Both b & d (4) a, c & e
Sol. Answer (3)
Carbohydrates like glycogen and starch are relatively easy to store because of the following advantages.
• They are stored in bulk.
• They are chemically non-reactive.
• They are osmotically inactive.
29. An organic substance bound to an enzyme and essential for its activity is called [AIPMT (Prelims)-2006]
(1) Coenzyme (2) Holoenzyme
(3) Apoenzyme (4) Isoenzyme
Sol. Answer (1)
Organic compound which bound to an enzyme is either coenzyme or prosthetic group.
30. Telomerase is an enzyme which is a : [AIPMT (Prelims)-2005]
(1) Repetitive DNA (2) RNA (3) Simple protein (4) Ribonucleoprotein
Sol. Answer (4)
31. Which of the following is the simplest amino acid? [AIPMT (Prelims)-2005]
(1) Tyrosine (2) Asparagine (3) Glycine (4) Alanine
Sol. Answer (3)
Because in glycine, the R-group is replaced by hydrogen.
H
HOOC C NH2
H = R group
32. Enzymes, vitamins and hormones can be classified into a single category of biological chemicals, because all of
these [AIPMT (Prelims)-2005]
(1) Enhance oxidative metabolism
(2) Are conjugated proteins
(3) Are exclusively synthesized in the body of a living organism as at present
(4) Help in regulating metabolism
Sol. Answer (4)
(1) is incorrect, because enzymes can both enhance and inhibit the oxidative metabolism.
(3) is incorrect, different enzymes, vitamins and hormones are synthesized in the body at different situations.
(2) is incorrect, because all hormones and enzymes are not conjugated protein.
33. Carbohydrates, the most abundant biomolecules on earth, are produced by [AIPMT (Prelims)-2005]
(1) All bacteria, fungi and algae (2) Fungi, algae and green plant cells
(3) Some bacteria, algae and green plant cells (4) Viruses, fungi and bacteria
Sol. Answer (3)
Autotrophic organism produce glucose by photosynthesis which is a carbohydrate. Heterotrophic are dependent
on autotrophes and don't produce carbohydrate and fungi are saprobic organisms.
34. Which of the following statements regarding enzyme inhibition is correct ? [AIPMT (Prelims)-2005]
(1) Non-competitive inhibition of an enzyme can be overcome by adding large amount of substrate
(2) Competitive inhibition is seen when a substrate competes with an enzyme for binding to an inhibitor protein
(3) Competitive inhibition is seen when the substrate and the inhibitor compete
(4) Non-competitive inhibitors often bind to the enzyme irreversibly
Sol. Answer (3)
(1) is wrong, because competitive inhibition of an enzyme can be overcome by adding large amount of
substrate.
(2) is wrong, because competitive inhibtion is seen when a substrate competes with an inhibitor for binding
to the active site of enzyme.
(4) is wrong, because non-competitive inhibitor often bind to enzyme irreversibly.
35. The catalytic efficiency of two different enzymes can be compared by the [AIPMT (Prelims)-2005]
(1) The Km value (2) The pH optimum value
(3) Formation of the product (4) Molecular size of the enzyme
Sol. Answer (1)
36. The four elements that make up 96% of all the elements found in a living system are
(1) C, H, O and P (2) C, N, O and P (3) H, O, C and N (4) C, H, O and S
Sol. Answer (3)
% weight of human body : C = 18.5; O = 65.0; N = 3.3; H = 0.5
37. High cholesterol patients are advised to use

(1) Ghee, butter and oils (2) Groundnut oil, margarine and vegetable oils
(3) Fatty oil and butter (4) Cheese, dalda and ghee
Sol. Answer (2)
Because these oils contain polyunsaturated fatty acids (i.e. more than one double bond) and they are usually
recommended by doctors to person having hypertension, high blood cholesterol and other cardiovascular
diseases.
38. Essential amino acid is

(1) Phenylalanine (2) Glycine (3) Aspartic acid (4) Serine
Sol. Answer (1)
Essential amino acids are leucine, isoleucine, valine, tryptophane, phenylalanine, lysine and methionine.
39. Lipids are insoluble in water because lipid molecules are

(1) Hydrophilic (2) Hydrophobic (3) Neutral (4) Zwitter ions
Sol. Answer (2)
Hydro-means water, phobic - means repeling or hating
Lipids are hydrophobic that's why they are not soluble in water.
40. The major role of minor elements inside living organisms is to act as
(1) Co-factors of enzymes (2) Building blocks of important amino acids
(3) Constituents of hormones (4) Binders of cell structure
Sol. Answer (1)
Minor elements basically includes Zn, Mg, K, Ni, Co, NAD+, NADP+, they all come under the category of
cofactor.
41. Nucleotides are building blocks of nucleic acids. Each nucleotide is a composite molecule formed by
(1) Base-sugar-phosphate (2) Base-sugar-OH
(3) (Base-sugar-phosphate)n (4) Sugar-phosphate
Sol. Answer (1)
Nucleotide : Base + Sugar + Phosphate
Nucleic acid : (Base + Sugar + Phosphate)n
42. About 98 percent of the mass of every living organism is composed of just six elements including carbon,
hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and
(1) Sulphur and magnesium (2) Magnesium and sodium
(3) Calcium and phosphorus (4) Phosphorus and sulphur
Sol. Answer (3)
43. Which of the following is a neutral amino acid?
(1) Glutamine (2) Arginine (3) Valine (4) Asparagine
Sol. Answer (3)
Glutamine, Asparagine → Amide group containing amino-acid.
Arginine → Basic amino acid
44. The most unsaturated fatty acid is

(1) Linoleic acid (2) Oleic acid (3) Linolenic acid (4) Arachidonic acid
Sol. Answer (4)
Arachidonic acid : It is 20 C containing unsaturated fattty acid (C20H32O2) with four double bond.
Oleic acid – 1 double bond
Linoleic acid – 2 double bonds
Linolenic acid – 3 double bonds
45. Which of the following is a nucleotide?

(1) Thymidine (2) Cytosine (3) Thiamine (4) Uridylic acid
Sol. Answer (4)
Thymidine – Nucleoside; Thiamine – Vitamin; Cytosine – Nitrogen base; Uridylic acid – Nucleotide
46. Which of the following is incorrect regarding the amino acids and their functions?
(1) Tyrosine : Converted into epinephrine hormone and used in the synthesis of melanin pigment
(2) Glycine : Involved in the formation of heme
(3) Tryptophan : Helps in the synthesis of auxin hormone
(4) Histidine : Can be converted into histamine by the removal of amino group
Sol. Answer (4)
Histamine is derived from amino acid histidine through decarboxylation.
47. Which of the following is the diagrammatic representation of phospholipid lecithin?
O O
CH2 – O – C – R1 CH2 – O – C – R1
O O
(1) CH – O – C – R2 (2) CH – O – C – R2
O O
CH2 – O – P – O – CH2 – CH2 – NH3
+
CH2 – O – C – R3
OH
O O
CH2 – O – C – R1 CH2 – O – C – R1
O O
(3) CH – O – C – R2 (4) R2 – C – O – CH
O CH3 O
CH2 – O – P – O – CH2 – CH2 –+N – CH3 CH2 – O – P – OH
OH CH3 OH
Sol. Answer (3)
Lecithin is a phospholipid present in cell membrane
48. Which of the following is not a secondary metabolite of plant cell?

(1) Rubber (2) Chlorophyll (3) Essential oil (4) Tannins
Sol. Answer (2)
Rubber → Polymeric substance
Essential oil
Tannins → Pigments
49. The most abundant molecule in cell is

(1) Water (2) Carbohydrate (3) Lipid (4) Protein
Sol. Answer (1)
Water = 70 – 90% of the total cellular mass
Carbohydrate = 3%
Lipid = 2%
Protein = 10–15%
50. Which are the most diverse molecules in the cell?

(1) Lipids (2) Mineral salts (3) Proteins (4) Carbohydrates
Sol. Answer (3)
Because protein are made up of 20 different amino acids and are heteropolymers of amino acids.
51. The most abundant organic compound on earth is

(1) Protein (2) Cellulose (3) Lipids (4) Steroids
Sol. Answer (2)
Plant cell wall is made up of cellulose.
52. Haemoglobin is a type of

(1) Carbohydrate (2) Respiratory pigment (3) Vitamin (4) Skin pigment
Sol. Answer (2)
Because haemoglobin get binds to oxygen and help in the transportation of O2.
53. Collagen is
(1) Fibrous protein (2) Globular protein (3) Lipid (4) Carbohydrate
Sol. Answer (1)
Because collagen are thread like proteins, which are insoluble in water.
54. Maltose is formed of two molecules of

(1) Fructose (2) Lactose (3) Glucose (4) Sucrose
Sol. Answer (3)
Fructose = Monosaccharides
Lactose = Galactose + Glucose
Sucrose = Glucose + Fructose
Maltose = Glucose + Glucose
55. A polysaccharide which is synthesized and stored in liver cells is
(1) Arabinose (2) Glycogen (3) Lactose (4) Galactose
Sol. Answer (2)
Glycogen is a polymer of glucose.
56. Agar is commercially obtained from
(1) Red algae (2) Blue-green algae
(3) Brown algae (4) Green algae
Sol. Answer (1)
Agar is a type of mucopolysaccharide and is obtained from red algae. It is used as culture medium in
laboratory.
57. Which of the following groups consists of polysaccharides only?

(1) Sucrose, glucose and fructose (2) Maltose, lactose and fructose
(3) Glycogen, sucrose and maltose (4) Glycogen, cellulose and starch
Sol. Answer (4)
Sucrose → Disaccharide; Fructose → Monosaccharide
Glucose → Monosaccharide; Maltose → Disaccharide
Lactose → Disaccharide; Glycogen → Polysaccharide
Cellulose → Polysaccharide; Starch → Polysaccharide
58. Lactose is composed of

(1) Glucose + galactose (2) Fructose + galactose
(3) Glucose + fructose (4) Glucose + glucose
Sol. Answer (1)
Lactose is a disaccharide.
59. Cellulose, the most important constituent of plant cell wall is made up of
(1) Branched chain of glucose molecules linked by α1, 4 glycosidic bond in straight chain and
α1, 6 glycosidic bond at the site of branching
(2) Unbranched chain of glucose molecules linked by β1, 4 glycosidic bond
(3) Branched chain of glucose molecules linked by α1, 6 glycosidic bond at the site of branching
(4) Unbranched chain of glucose molecules linked by α1, 4 glycosidic bond
Sol. Answer (2)
Glycogen and starch are branched polymer of glucose while cellulose is unbranched polymer of β glucose.
60. A person is eating boiled potato. His food contains

(1) Cellulose, which can be digested by cellulase
(2) Starch, which cannot be digested
(3) Lactose, which cannot be digested
(4) DNA, which can be digested by pancreatic DNAase
Sol. Answer (4)

(1) is wrong, because our gut can't produce cellulose.
(2) is wrong because potato contain starch and it can be digested.
(3) is wrong, because lactose is absent in potato.
61. Which of the following is a reducing sugar?

(1) Galactose (2) Gluconic acid (3) β-methyl galactoside (4) Sucrose
Sol. Answer (1)
Because it can reduce Cu2+ ions into Cu+ ion.
62. An important step in the manufacture of pulp for paper industry is the
(1) Preparation of pure cellulose
(2) Treatment of wood with chemicals that break down cellulose
(3) Removal of oils present in the wood by treatment with suitable chemicals
(4) Removal of water from the wood by prolonged heating at approximately 50°C
Sol. Answer (1)
Because the raw material for paper is cellulose.
63. β1-4 linkages are present in

(1) Cellulose (2) Chitin (3) Starch (4) Both (1) & (2)
Sol. Answer (4)
Cellulose – β(1, 4) linkage (β-glucose)
Chitin – β(1, 4) linkage (N-acetyl glucosamine)
Starch – α(1, 4) (in straight chain) of amylose and amylopectin
α(1, 6) (at branching)
64. Which of the following statements is false?

(1) Cellulose is the most abundant organic compound in the biosphere
(2) Cellulose is an unbranched polymer with β-1,4 glycosidic bonds
(3) Rayon and cellophane are chemically similar to cellulose xanthate
(4) Cellulose can be digested by the herbivores by β-amylase, produced by the glandular cells of their
alimentary canal
Sol. Answer (4)
Cellulose can be digested by the herbivores because they have special type cellulose digesting micro-organism
for the digestion of cellulose.
65. If the total amount of adenine and thymine in a double-stranded DNA is 60%, the amount of guanine in this
DNA will be
(1) 15% (2) 20% (3) 30% (4) 40%
Sol. Answer (2)
A + T = 60%
Then, C + G = 40%, when 20% ⇒ C and 20% = G
66. DNA has equal number of adenine and thymine residues (A = T) and equal number of guanine and cytosine
(G = C). These relationships are known as
(1) Chargaff's rule (2) Coulomb's law
(3) Le Chatelier's principle (4) Van't Hoff plot
Sol. Answer (1)
67. Which of the following pairs of nitrogenous bases of nucleic acids is mismatched with the category mentioned
against it?
(1) Adenine, Thymine – Purines (2) Thymine, Uracil – Pyrimidines
(3) Uracil, Cytosine – Pyrimidines (4) Guanine, Adenine – Purines
Sol. Answer (1)
Adenine and Guanine → Purines
Thymine, uracil, cytosine → Pyrimidines
68. In a DNA molecule

(1) There are two strands which run antiparallel-one in 5′ → 3′ direction and other in 3′ → 5′
(2) The total amount of purine nucleotides and pyrimidine nucleotides is not always equal
(3) There are two strands which run parallel in the 5′ → 3′ direction
(4) The proportion of adenine in relation to thymine varies with the organism
Sol. Answer (1)
In DNA, two antiparallel strands are coiled around a common axis.
69. Which purine base is found in RNA?

(1) Thymine (2) Uracil (3) Cytosine (4) Guanine
Sol. Answer (4)
Because Thymine → Present in DNA, not in RNA
Cytosine, uracil → Pyrimidine
70. Similarity in DNA and RNA is that

(1) Both are polymers of nucleotides (2) Both have similar pyrimidines
(3) Both have similar sugar (4) Both are genetic material in man
Sol. Answer (1)
Nucleotide is a monomeric unit of nucleic acid.
71. Length of one loop of B-DNA is

(1) 3.4 nm (2) 0.34 nm (3) 20 nm (4) 10 nm
Sol. Answer (1)
Pitch of B-DNA = 34 Å ⇒ 3.4 nm (∵ 1 Å = 0.1 nm)
72. Which of the following enzymes is used to join bits of DNA?

(1) Ligase (2) Primase
(3) DNA polymerase (4) Endonuclease
Sol. Answer (1)
Class VI → Ligase enzyme is used to join the bits of DNA.
Primase → Is an enzyme use to attach primer.
DNA polymerase → is an enzyme use to add nucleotide in template strand of DNA.
Endonuclease → It is an restriction enzyme which causes internal cleavage of DNA.
73. The 3′-5′ phosphodiester linkages inside a polynucleotide chain serve to join
(1) One DNA strand with the other DNA strand
(2) One nucleoside with another nucleoside
(3) One nucleotide with another nucleotide
(4) One nitrogenous base with pentose sugar
Sol. Answer (3)
Because nucleotide is a monomeric unit of nucleic acid which are joined together by 3' – 5' phosphodiester bond.
74. ATP is
(1) Nucleotide (2) Nucleoside (3) Nucleic acid (4) Vitamin
Sol. Answer (1)
Because ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) is made up of adenine, ribose sugar and 3 phosphate groups.
75. The role of an enzyme in a reaction is to/as

(1) Decrease activation energy (2) Increase activation energy
(3) Inorganic catalyst (4) None of these
Sol. Answer (1)
Potential Transition state

energy
Activation energy without enzyme
Activation energy with enzyme

Substrate
energy
Product
Progress of reaction
76. Which of the following factor(s) do(es) not affect enzyme activity?
A. Temperature B. pH
C. Enzyme concentration D. Product concentration
E. Substrate concentration F. Activation energy
(1) C only (2) C & D (3) D only (4) F only
Sol. Answer (4)
Because enzyme activity is affected by temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, product concentration and
substrate concentration.
Enzyme are not affected by activation energy but it lowers down the activation energy.
77. A competitive inhibitor of succinic dehydrogenase is

(1) Malate (2) Malonate (3) Oxaloacetate (4) Both (2) & (3)
Sol. Answer (4)
Competitive inhibitors of succinic dehydrogenase are malate, malonate, oxaloacetate.
78. Which of the following is a typical example of ‘feedback inhibition’?
(1) Cyanide and cytochrome reaction
(2) Sulpha drugs and folic acid synthesizer bacteria
(3) Allosteric inhibition of hexokinase by glucose 6-phosphate
(4) Reaction between succinic dehydrogenase and succinic acid
Sol. Answer (3)
(1) Cyanide and cytochrome reaction → Example of non-competitive inhibition.
(2) Sulpha drugs and folic acid synthesizer bacteria are example of non-competitive inhibition.
(4) Reaction between succinic dehydrogenase and succinic acid are example of competitive inhibition.
79. Which factor is responsible for inhibition of enzymatic process during feedback?
(1) Substrate (2) Enzyme (3) End product (4) Temperature
Sol. Answer (3)
Feedback inhibition is also konwn as End product inhibition or allosteric modulation.
80. Which of the following is true for competitive enzyme inhibition?

(1) Decrease in Vmax and Km (2) Unchanged Vmax and decrease in Km
(3) Unchanged Vmax and increase in Km (4) Increase in Vmax and Km
Sol. Answer (3)
Vmax = constant; Km = increased
Vmax
No
Inhibitor
With inhibitor
Reaction
velocity Vmax
2
Km K'm [S]
81. The Michaelis constant Km is

(1) Numerically equal to ½ Vmax
(2) Dependent on the enzyme concentration
(3) Numerically equal to the substrate concentration that gives half maximal velocity
(4) Increased in the presence of non-competitive inhibitor
Sol. Answer (3)
vmax
Velocity vmax
of reaction 2
Km [s]
82. If an enzyme has been given the EC code 5.2.1.7, it is likely to be involved in
(1) Digestion (2) Redox reaction (3) Isomerization (4) Molecular breakdown
Sol. Answer (3)
EC code 5.2.1.7, in this the first digit represents class of enzyme.
And the class V of enzyme is isomerases, which catalyse the isomerisation reaction.
83. Prosthetic group is a part of holoenzyme. It is

(1) Loosely attached organic part
(2) Loosely attached inorganic part
(3) Non-protein organic part firmly attached with apoenzyme
(4) None of these
Sol. Answer (3)
Enzyme (Holoenzyme)
Protein Non-protein
(Apoenzyme) (Cofactor)
Organic compound Inorganic compound

2+ 2+ 2+
Tightly bound Loosely bound i.e., Zn , Mg , Ca etc.
(Prosthetic group) (Coenzyme)
84. Which of the following has carbohydrate as prosthetic group?

(1) Glycoprotein (2) Chromoprotein
(3) Lipoprotein (4) Nucleoprotein
Sol. Answer (1)
It is a conjugated protein in which protein is conjugated with carbohydrate.
85. Mark the mismatched pair.

(1) Cellulose : Unbranched polymer with β,1-4 glycosidic linkage
(2) Cellophane : Cellulose xanthate
(3) Carboxypeptidase : Exopeptidase, Mg2+ acts as a co-factor
(4) Aminopeptidase : Exopeptidase, cleaves the peptide bond at N-terminal end
Sol. Answer (3)
Carboxypeptidase requires Zn2+ as cofactor.
86. Apoenzyme is
(1) Always a protein (2) Often a metal
(3) Always an inorganic compound (4) Often a vitamin
Sol. Answer (1)
Protein part of enzyme is known as apoenzyme and non-protein part of enzyme is known as cofactor.
SECTION - D
Assertion-Reason Type Questions
1. A : Cofactor of an enzyme may be a prosthetic group.
R : NAD derived from niacin is a co-enzyme.
Sol. Answer (2)
Organic compound firmly attach to protein part of enzyme is prosthetic group.
2. A : Linolenic acid is an essential fatty acid.

R : Linolenic acid cannot be synthesised in human beings.
Sol. Answer (1)
PUFA (Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids) are essential fatty acid.
3. A : Hormones are not enzymes, but they can stimulate the release of enzymes.
R : Hormones are used up in metabolism, but enzymes can act over and over again.
Sol. Answer (2)
Enzymes are not used up in metabolism.
4. A : Tertiary structure of protein molecules makes them biologically active.

R : It is native configuration of protein molecules maintained by multiple covalent bonds only.
Sol. Answer (3)
Because enzyme exists in tertiary structure in which sides group comes close and form an active site.
5. A : Dextrins are intermediate polysaccharides formed during hydrolysis of starch into sugar.
R : Ascorbic acid is a sugar derivative.
Sol. Answer (2)
Ascorbic acid is sugar acid.
6. A : Non-competitive inhibitors have no effect on Vmax.

R : In non-competitive inhibition, inhibitor and substrate bind at same sites on the enzyme.
Sol. Answer (4)
Non-competitive inhibitors decrease Vmax.
7. A : The polypeptide coil of collagen helix is strengthened by the estabilishment of hydrogen bond between >
NH - group of glycine residue of each strand with –CO group of other two strand.
R : In collagen helix locking effect also occurs with the help of proline and hydroxyproline amino acid.
Sol. Answer (2)
In collagen, there are generally three polypeptides coil around one another.
8. A : Allosteric enzymes do not show a typical Michaelis Menten constant or behaviour.

R : All enzymes work at same pH.
Sol. Answer (3)
Allosteric enzymes don't obey Michaelis Menten constant.
9. A : α amylase of wheat endosperm has 16 isoenzymes.

R : In competitive inhibition Vmax decreases.
Sol. Answer (3)
Isoenzymes are the isomeric form of same enzyme.
10. A : Tertiary structure of protein is absolutely necessary for many biological activities of proteins.
R : In protein, only right handed helices are observed.
Sol. Answer (2)
Enzymes have tertiary structure of protein.


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CLS Aipmt 18 19 XIII Zoo Study Package 1 SET 1 Chapter 2

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Chapter 2

2. A secondary metabolite that acts as a toxin is

3. A secondary metabolite that is alkaloid in nature is

4. Peptidoglycan present in bacterial cell envelope is

5. The most abundant protein in animal world is

Sol. Answer (2)

6. The amino acids in a protein are held together by

7. A protein which exhibits β pleated structure is

8. An example of protein with quaternary structure is

12. The pentose sugar present in RNA is

14. In B-DNA, one full turn of the helical strand contains

16. In B-DNA, the rise per base pair would be

18. The genetic material of Tobacco mosaic virus is

19. The double helix model of DNA was proposed by

20. In the 5′ end of a DNA molecule

21. The pitch of the B-DNA is

22. In DNA, uracil is replaced by

(Amino Acid and Dynamic State of Body Constituents–Concept of Metabolism)

24. Zwitterions are ionized species of

25. Non-essential amino acids

26. Metabolic flux is regulated by

28. Ribozymes are _______ that behave like enzymes

29. The most abundant enzyme in the biosphere is

31. Organic compounds that are tightly bound to apoenzyme is

Protein part Non-protein part

Organic compound Inorganic

It includes metal ions

32. Bacterial pathogen can be controlled by

33. Non-protein part of enzyme is known as

Protein part Non-protein part

Organic compound Inorganic

It includes metal ions

2. The given structure represents a monosaccharide known as

5. Glucose is stored as glycogen in

(Proteins, Lipids and Nucleic Acids)

Sol. Answer (3)

9. The given fatty acid is known as CH3(CH2)7 CH = CH (CH2)7 COOH

10. Nucleic acids exhibit

11. The backbone of a DNA molecule is made up of

13. RNA is a polymer of

15. In DNA, cytosine pairs with

(Amino Acid and Dynamic State of Body Constituents–Concept of Metabolism)

(1) Acidic (2) Basic (3) Neutral (4) Aromatic

17. Which of the following are basic amino acids?

18. Which of the following aminoacids is involved in the formation of Heme?

19. Which one of the following is alcoholic amino acid pair?

20. Lysine is an essential amino acid because

21. In which of the following energy is released?

22. Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) liberates high energy by the breakdown of

(The Living State, Enzymes)

24. Which of the following statements is incorrect w.r.t. inorganic catalysts?

25. Enzymes catalyse biochemical reactions by

26. Read the following :

(a) Low temperature preserves the enzyme

(b) Enzyme activity increases above optimum temperature

(c) Enzyme gets denatured at high temperature

(d) Competitive inhibitor competes with the product formed

Which of the following statement are true?

Sol. Answer (1)

Sol. Answer (1)

Ligases : They help in joining C – O, C – S, C – N etc. bonds by using energy of ATP.

Sol. Answer (3)

29. _______ catalyses covalent bonding of two substrates.

(3) Glutamate pyruvate transaminase