AL –SALAAM PRIMARY AND SECONDRAY SCHOOL

CHEMISTRY FORM FOUR

CHAPTER FOUR

BIOCHEMISTRY

Exercise

1: What is the true structure of DNA?

 It is made up of nucleotide which comprising phosphate group, a sugar group and

nitrogen bases.

2: What nucleotide base does RNA contain but DNA does not?

 Uracil contain only in RNA, but not in DNA.

3: What molecules do both DNA and RNA contain?

 Both DNA and RNA are made for nucleotides

 Sugar, phosphate group and nitrogenous bases.

4: What is the function of nucleic acids?

 Nucleic acids are essential for life and play variety of roles:
 They control protein synthesis.
 They store and transmit genetic information from one generation to the next.

Chapter Review Questions answer the following question

1. Define
a) Carbohydrates
 Carbohydrates: can be defines as polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones. Or
biomolecules consisting of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen.
b) Nucleic Acid
 Nucleic acid: are polynucleotides that occur in the nuclei of the living cells

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 c) Proteins
 Proteins: are the polymer of amino acids and they are connected to each other a
peptide bond or peptide linkage.
d) Lipids
 Lipids: are organic chemical compounds that are insoluble in water but soluble
in non-polar solvent.
2. What are the structural difference between ribose and deoxyribose?
 The sugar present in RNA is ribose while in
 DNA it’s deoxyribonucleic acid
 The nucleic basis in RNA are:
 Adenine
 Guanine
 Cytosine and
 Uracil
 The nucleic basis in DNA are:
 Adenine
 Guanine
 Cytosine
 Thymine
 DNA has double stranded helix structure while
 RNA has a single stranded structure.
3. What are the structural difference between DNA and RNA?
 DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)
 RNA (Ribonucleic acid)
Points DNA RNA
Structure Double helix Single helix
Pentose sugar Deoxyribose sugar Ribose sugar
Nitrogen bases A, G, C and T A, G, C, and U

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 4. Why some amino acids are essential?
 Because the body cannot synthesis by essential amino acids. As a result they most
came from food.
5. State at least two biologically important proteins and their functions.
 Insulin: function- it is a hormone that regulates glucose level.
 Membrane protein: function- transport small organic ,molecule and ions across
cell membrane.
6. What is protein denaturation, and give example of denaturing agents?
 Protein Denaturation: is a process that disrupts secondary, tertiary, and
quaternary structures.
 example of denaturing agents are:
 Heat, change in php.
 Mechanical agitation
 Organic compound
 Heavy metals.
7. Identify the individual amino acids used to form the following tripeptide.

8. What’s the name of the tripeptide?
 If a third amino acid combines to a dipeptide the product is called tripeptide.
 A tripeptide contains three amino acids linked by two peptide linkage.
9. Draw a triacylglycerol formed from two molecules of myristic acid and one molecule of
palmitic acid?
10. Give example of each type of lipid.
a) Monounsaturated fatty acid
 Avocados and olives-leoic acid.
b) Saturated triacylglycerol
 Ischicken fat palmatic acid capric acid.
11. What type of lipids is represented by each if the following block diagrams:
 A) glycerophospholipid
 B) sphingolipid
 C) phospholipid

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 Choose the Correct Answer

1. Which of the following is a polysaccharide?

a) Cellulose
b) Fructose
c) Glucose
d) Sucrose
2. What elements make up carbohydrates?
a) Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen
b) Sulfur, carbon, hydrogen
c) Glucose, and fructose
d) Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
3. C6 H12O6 is the molecular formula for what carbohydrate?
a) Sucrose
b) Glucose
c) Fructose
d) Both glucose and fructose
4. Which biomolecule is this a picture of?
a) Protein
b) Nucleic Acid
c) Lipid
d) Carbohydrate
5. The information for protein synthesis is stored in:
a) Amino acids
b) Fats
c) Glucose
d) Nucleic acids
6. The repeating units in both DNA and RNA are called:
a) Amino acids
b) Hydrogen bonds
c) Nucleic acids
d) Nucleotides

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 7. The sugar that is in the backbone of DNA is called:
a) Delta glucose
b) Deoxyribose
c) Fructose
d) Ribose
8. The sugar that is in the backbone of RNA is called:
a) Deoxyribose
b) Fructose
c) Ribose
d) Sucrose
9. The RNA molecule is a:
a) Double helix
b) Double-stranded molecule
c) None of the choices
d) Single-starnded molecule
10. Adenine bonds with ___________
a) Guanine
b) Thymine
c) Cytosine
d) Adenine
11. Guanine bonds with ___________
a) Adenine
b) Guanine
c) Cytosine
d) Thymine

12. Nucleotides are made up of a sugar, phosphate, and a_____________

a) Nitrogenous base
b) Nucleic acid
c) Cholesterol
d) Fatty acid

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 13. Which one of the following is a monosaccharide?
a) Fructose
b) Glycogen
c) Lactose
d) Sucrose
14. Which component is found in all sphingolipids?
a) A carbohydrate
b) A negative charge
c) A phosphate group
d) An amino alcohol
15. Which of these in not lipid
a) Fats
b) Oils
c) Proteins
d) Waxes
16. What are the function of lipids?
a) Provide energy to the body
b) Form part of cellular membrane
c) Control metabolism
d) All options given are correct

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