STRUCTURAL CONCEPTUALIZATION
Foundation that transfers loads to soil by
1.0 Force action that tends to separate
adjacent particles of a material or pull
elements apart. Produces straightening effects
and elongation.
ANSWER: TENSION
2. A framework of linear elements that
achieves stability through triangular
formations of the elements.
ANSWER: TRUSS
3. One of a set of closely spaced columns used
to produce a
framed wall.
ANSWER: STUD
4. Common term for a framework in which
members are connected by joints that are
capable of transmitting bending
moments to the ends of the members.
ANSWER: RIGID FRAMES
5. A vertical diaphragm; acts as a bracing
element for horizontal force by developing
shear stress in the plane
of the wall.
ANSWER: SHEAR WALL
6. Response. In structural investigation, the
response of the structure to the loads or the
response of the supports to the
loadedstructure. Mostly used to describe the
latter.
ANSWER: REACTION
7. Concrete members cast at a location other
than that at which they are to be used.
ANSWER: PRE-CAST CONCRETE
8. A short pier or upright compression
member. A column qualified by a ratio of
unsupported (unbraced) height to least lateral
dimension of 3 or less.
ANSWER: PEDESTAL
9. Action tending to produce turning or
rotation. Product of a force times a distance
(lever arm); yields a measurement unit of
force times distance—
ANSWER: MOMENT
10. A foundation element at or near the
finished ground level that acts as a footing, a
tie, or a spanning element.
ANSWER: GRADE BEAM
11. A beam at the edge of an opening in a roof
or floor or at the top of an opening in a wall.
ANSWER: HEADER
12. A shallow bearing-type foundation
element consisting of a concrete pad cast
directly into an excavation.
ANSWER: FOOTING
13. General term for products produced from
wood other than single pieces of sawn wood.
ANSWER:ENGINEERED WOOD
14. An exterior wall of a building that is
supported entirely by the building structure,
rather than being self supporting or a bearing
wall.
ANSWER: CURTAIN WALL
15. Plastic deformation at constant stress
levels that occurs over time (basically under
dead load); a common effect in structures of
concrete.
ANSWER: CREEP
16. Lateral movement of a structure under
loading, such as the sag of a beam.
ANSWER: DEFLECTION
17. Building code term for a trussed frame
used for lateral bracing.
ANSWER: BRACED FRAME
18. Force action that tends to press adjacent
particles of a material together and to cause
shortening of objects in the direction of the
compressive force.
ANSWER:COMPRESSION
19. The general term used for elements that
provide support against sideways movements
due to lateral loads or to the buckling of
slender elements.
ANSWER: BRACING
20. Structural member assembled from two or
more parts in a manner that results in the
combined parts working as a single unit.
ANSWER: BUILT-UP MEMBER
21. Structural element produced from sheet
steel by bending, rolling, or stamping without
heating of the steel.
ANSWER: COLD-FORMED ELEMENT
22. Structural panel with wood veneer faces
and a fiberboard core. In thick panels there is
also a center wood veneer.
ANSWER: COMPOSITE PANEL
23. Inert, loose material that makes up the
largest part (typically two thirds to three
fourths) of the bulk of concrete; what the
water and cement paste holds together;
ordinarily consists of stone—ranging in size
from medium fine sand to coarse gravel.
ANSWER: AGGREGATE
24. A structural element that sustains
transverse loading and develops internal
forces of bending and shear in resisting loads.
ANSWER: BEAM
25.
direct vertical contact pressure . Usually refers
to a shallow bearing foundation, which is
placed directly beneath the lowest part of the
building and not very far from the ground
surface.
ANSWER: BEARING FOUNDATION
26. Turning action that causes change in the
curvature of linear elements; characterized by
the development of opposed internal stresses
of compression and tension
ANSWER: BENDING
27. A horizontal, planar element of concrete.
Occurs as a roof or floor deck in a framed
structure or as a pavement poured directly on
the ground surface.
ANSWER: SLAB
28. Freshly mixed concrete before hardening
ANSWER: WET CONCRETE
29. What is the minimum cover for steel
reinforcement when concrete is cast against
and permanently exposed to earth?
ANSWER: 3” (75mm)
30. It is a joint that provides for construction
to stop and then continue at a later time.
ANSWER: CONSTRUCTION JOINT
31. When the ratio of the short span to the
long span of a slab is less then 0.50, slab is a:
ANSWER: ONE-WAY SLAB
32. A type of concrete floor which has no
beam is called:
ANSWER: FLAT SLAB
33. It is one in which the lateral stiffness is less
than 70 percent of that in the story above or
less than 80 percent of the average stiffness of
the three stories above
ANSWER: SOFT STORY/ STIFFNESS
IRREGULARITY
34. It is one in which the story strength is less
than 80 percent of that in the story above. The
story strength is the total strength of all
seismic-resisting elements sharing the story
for the direction under consideration.
ANSWER: WEAK STORY/ DISCONTINUITY IN
CAPACITY
35. What is the required minimum spacing of
stirrups if the d=300mm
ANSWER: 75mm