Module PE5

Problem 1
Recall that the speed of a DC motor is given by w = Vt − Ra T . A particular separately excited DC motor
kφ
2
(kφ )
has kφ = 1.44 , Ra = 0.86 . When it is operating at 150 rad/sec, the armature current is I a = 40 A . The terminal
voltage Vt is held constant under all conditions.

(a) Compute Vt
(b) Compute the no-load speed in rad/sec

Solution to problem 1
(a) E a = kφwm = (1.44 ) ⋅ (150) = 216V
⇒ Vt = E a + I a ra = 216 + (40 ) ⋅ (0.86 )
= 250.4V
Vt RT V
(b) "No load" speed occurs when T=0 (No load !), therefore, w = − a 2 = t when T=0
kφ (kφ ) kφ
250.4
⇒w= = 173.9rad / sec
1.44

Problem 2
A separately excited DC motor runs at 100 rpm supplying rated torque when the applied voltage is 50 volts
and the armature current is 10A. The armature resistance is Ra = 1 ohm. A thyristor- controlled chopper
circuit is used to decrease the applied voltage to 40 volts, at constant field flux, to drive a load at 75% of
the rated torque. The conducting time Ton of this circuit is fixed at 0.2 seconds. Compute the speed of the
motor at 40 volts and the blocking time Toff of the chopper circuit.

Solution to problem 2

T1 = kφ ⋅ I a1
T2 = 0.75T1 = kφ ⋅ I a 2 = 0.75(kφ ⋅ I a1 ) ⇒ I a 2 = 0.75 I a1 = (0.75)(10 A) = 7.5 Amps
E a1 = Vt1 − I a1 Ra = 50 − (10)(1) = 40Volts
E a 2 = Vt 2 − I a 2 Ra = 40 − (7.5)(1) = 32.5Volts
E a1 Ea2 Ea 2 32.5
E a1 = kφ ⋅ ω 1 , E a 2 = kφ ⋅ ω 2 ⇒ = ⇒ ω2 = ω1 = (100) = 81.25rpm
ω1 ω2 E a1 40
Ton VLoad , DC 0.2 40
= ⇒ = ⇒ Toff = 0.05 sec onds
Ton + Toff V 0.2 + Toff 50
Problem 3
A separately excited D.C motor is rated for a full load torque of 100Nm. For an applied voltage of 240V
and for flux (φ ) per pole of 30 mWb, the no-load and full load speeds of the motor are 1595 r.p.m and
1195 r.p.m respectively.

Find
a) i) The constant k
ii) The armature resistance Ra
b) If the applied voltage and the flux per pole are reduced to 200V and 20mWb respectively,
Find
i) The corresponding no load speed
ii) The corresponding full load speed

Solution to problem 3
Vt RT
ω= − a 2
a) From the text, we know that kφ (kφ ) . From the problem, we have:
T full −load = 100 Nm V t = 240 V φ = 30mWb nno −load = 1595rpm n full −load = 1195rpm

At no load,
1595rev 1 min 2πrad
T = 0andω no −load = = 167.03rad / sec
min 60 sec rev
V Vt 240
⇒ 167.03 = t → k = = = 47.9
kφ (167.03)φ (167.03)(0.03)

At full load,
TFL = 100 Nm 2π
ω FL = (1195) = 125.1rad / sec
60
V RT (kφ ) 2  Vt 
⇒ 125.1 = t − a FL2 → Ra =  − 125.1
kφ (kφ ) TFL  kφ 
((47.9)(0.03)) 2  240 
⇒ Ra =  − 125.1 = 0.865Ω
100  (47.9)(0.03) 

b) Vt = 200 V, φ = 0.02 Webers.

V 200  60 
ω no −load = t = = 204.08rad / sec ⇒ n NL = 204.08  = 1949.8rpm
kφ (49)(0.02)  2π 
V RT 0.865(100)
ω full −load = t − a 2 = 204.08 − = 88.265rad / sec
kφ (kφ ) [(49)(0.02)]2
 60 
⇒ n FL = 88.265  = 843.3rpm
 2π 
Problem 4
What values of applied armature voltage and flux per pole are needed so that the motor in problem (3) has
no-load and full load speeds of 1000 r.p.m and 900 r.p.m respectively.

Solution to problem 4

2π
n no −load = 1000rpm → ω no −load = (1000) = 104.72rad / sec
60
2π
n full −load = 900rpm → ω full −load = (900) = 94.25rad / sec
60
Vt
ω no −load = = 104.72rad / sec ⇒ Vt = (5016.08)φ
(47.9)φ
Vt Ra T (5016.08)φ 0.865(100)
ω full −load = − → − = 94.25rad / sec
(47.9)φ [(47.9)φ ] 2
(47.9)φ [(49)φ ] 2
Solve for φ:
φ = 0.06 = 60 mWb
Vt = (5016.08)φ = (5016.08)(0.06) = 301 Volts

Problem 5
An engineer wants to construct a half-wave rectifier for speed control of a DC motor using a thyristor, but
there is no gate-pulse circuit available. The implication is that he/she can supply no gate pulse. Without a
gate pulse circuit, can the engineer just use the thyristor like a diode, so that at least the circuit can supply
one DC voltage level to make the motor run at a single speed? Indicate yes or no, and identify the
feature(s) of a thyristor that support your answer.

Solution to problem 5
Answer 1: No, it cannot be done, because without the gate pulse, the thyristor will not be able to turn on
and it will appear as open-circuit at all times.

Answer 2: Yes, it can work if the applied AC voltage has a peak that is significantly higher than the
forward breakover voltage of the thyristor.

Problem 6
A square wave voltage waveform having a period of 2 seconds is applied through a half wave thyristor-
controlled rectifier circuit to the armature terminals of a separately excited DC motor driving It is known
that the DC motor has kφ=1.44 (a constant under all conditions), and Ra=0.86 ohms. When Ia=40 amperes,
the speed is 150 rad/sec. The source voltage and the thyristor firing time is shown in the figure below.
(a) Draw this circuit, including the rectifier and the motor.
(b) What is the effective DC voltage at the motor armature terminals under this condition ?
(c) What is the peak value of the square wave under this condition ?
 Vsource

Time Æ (sec)
0.5 1 2

Fire thyristor

Solution to problem 6

a)
Ia

V(t) Ra

Ea

b) Ea = kφω = (1.44)(150) = 216, Vt = 216 + IaRa = 250.4 Volts

c) 2 1
1 1 1
Vdceff = ∫
T 0
V (t )dt = ∫ V (t )dt = V = 250.4 ⇒ V = 1001.6Volts
2 0.5 4

Problem 7
A separately-excited DC motor runs at 100 rpm supplying rated torque when the applied voltage is 50 volts
and the armature current is 10A. The armature resistance is Ra = 1 ohm. A thyristor- controlled chopper
circuit is used to decrease the applied voltage to 40 volts, at constant field flux, to drive a load at 75% of
the rated torque. The conducting time Ton of this circuit is fixed at 0.2 seconds. Compute the speed of the
motor at 40 volts and the blocking time Toff of the chopper circuit.

Solution to problem 7
T1 = kφ ⋅ I a1
T2 = 0.75T1 = kφ ⋅ I a 2 = 0.75(kφ ⋅ I a1 ) ⇒ I a 2 = 0.75 I a1 = (0.75)(10 A) = 7.5 Amps
E a1 = Vt1 − I a1 Ra = 50 − (10)(1) = 40Volts
E a 2 = Vt 2 − I a 2 Ra = 40 − (7.5)(1) = 32.5Volts
E a1 Ea2 Ea 2 32.5
E a1 = kφ ⋅ ω 1 , E a 2 = kφ ⋅ ω 2 ⇒ = ⇒ ω2 = ω1 = (100) = 81.25rpm
ω1 ω2 E a1 40
Ton VLoad , DC 0 .2 40
= ⇒ = ⇒ Toff = 0.05 sec onds
Ton + Toff V 0.2 + Toff 50