Documents For Editing of River Improvement System

TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES
938 Aurora Boulevard, Cubao, Quezon City
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

Civil Engineering Department
CE 507
WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING
RIVER IMPROVEMENT SYSTEM
PREPARED BY:
Cabrera,Maribel
Corpuz,Louie
Cruz, Gabriel S.
Gentolia ,Rose Ann A.
Ombion, King Winston S.
Satojeto,John Cedric T.
Simon,Julienne Rae
Vinarao,Vincent B.
GROUP 4
CE52FA1
SUBMITTED TO:
Engr. Alvin D. Deliro
Instructor
August 13, 2019
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Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 4
1.1 DRAINAGE SYSTEM ..................................................................................................................... 5
1.2 Detailed Considerations ...................................................................................................................... 6
1.3 Location of Public Drainage Systems .................................................................................................. 7
Node Numbering System .......................................................................................................................... 7
1.4 General Planning and Design Procedure ................................................................................... 7
1.5 Preliminary Design ....................................................................................................................... 8
1.6 Method of Determining Design Peak Flows ......................................................................................... 9
1.7 Storm Sewers ...................................................................................................................................... 9
1.8 Open Drains ........................................................................................................................................ 9
1.9 Depression Storage............................................................................................................................. 9
1.10 Recommendation and Conclusion ................................................................................................... 10
APPENDIX .................................................................................................................................................. 11
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INTRODUCTION
The objective of the design is to show how the designer performs hydrologic system design by combining
the various drainage system quantity and quality components, which are described in later Parts, into an
integrated drainage system.
Design is essentially a creative process. The designers carried out a drainage system design needs to
create, visualize and define the ideas and then confirm them by analysis. If analysis shows that the design
does not fulfill its objectives, then it is changed and the process repeated until a satisfactory design is
obtained within the applicable constraints.
Figure 1 - 1: the Project Site
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1.1 DRAINAGE SYSTEM
When urban development takes place in a natural catchment, the ordered system of natural drainage lines is replaced by a system of roof
and property drains, inlets, swales, pipes and channels. Although outwardly different from the natural catchment drainage network, the
formal paths of the developed landscape should display a
Planning and design of an integrated urban storm water management/drainage network for a new development requires a database on
the following:
(a) catchment natural drainage direction,

(b) runoff outfall point,
(c) catchment boundary,
(d) Internal node points: locations of interest where flows, flood levels and possibly water quality need to be assessed. These
may be, for example, at major road crossings or landscape features,
(e) drainage network: the layout of the surface channels which convey runoff originating in the catchment, and
(f) Catchment sub-areas.
An example of a natural catchment drainage system, which illustrates in the figure below.
90
90 (c)
Catchment Boundary
60
(e) Drainage Network
(a) Flow Path
50
80
(b) Outfall
(d) Node Point
Figure 1.2 Runoff Travel Path and Features of a

Natural Catchment
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1.2 Detailed Considerations
Specific guidance on aspect of hydrological and hydraulic analyses for system planning and
design are should be addressed, however there are other factors that require special attention at the
system planning stage and some examples are as follows.
(a) If the new drainage system is at the downstream end of an existing network, the designer
shall take into account the possibility of future improvement of the upstream systems.
The new system should be designed to accept the increased flow after improvement of
the existing upstream network.
(b) The provision of adequate protection of low-lying areas within floodplains in the rural
New Territories.
(c) The effect on sea levels of tropical cyclones.
(d) Substantial overland flow may occur due to performance failure or partial failure of
stormwater drains during heavy rainfall events, e.g. blockage of a major culvert by a
fallen tree or failure of a stormwater pumping station. This may have very serious
consequences and cause serious flooding. A risk management approach should be
adopted to cater for performance failure of stormwater drains. If the risk and/or
consequences are high, mitigation measures such as provision of fail-safe design,
design redundancy (e.g. provision of oversized drainage conduit or bypass drainage
conduits in case of failure) and/or provision of safe overland flood paths may be
necessary. Areas where serious consequences may occur are areas where many lives
and properties will be threatened and/or serious disruptions to economic and social
activities may occur. They include both the New Territories floodplains and urban areas.
They also include old hinterland areas with ground level lower than that of the
surrounding reclaimed area, long steep roads, depressed roads, road or railway tunnels,
and pedestrian underpasses
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1.3 Location of Public Drainage Systems
As far as possible, stormwater drainage systems should be located on Government Land and all culverts and
pipelines should be located either in road reserves or specially designated drainage reserves, which are non-building
areas. Such reserves are essential in order to ensure that there is free and unrestricted access at all times for construction,
repairs and maintenance.
Drainage reserves should be included where necessary on the various statutory and non-statutory town plans.
The width of a reserve should be determined from the requirements for working space, vehicular access for construction
plant, depth of the storm water drain and clearance from adjacent existing structures and foundations. In general, a
minimum width of 6 m plus the outside diameter of the pipeline or outside width of culvert is recommended.
For the implementation of public projects, the acquisition and allocation of land should follow the prevalent
Government procedures. Attention should be drawn to the general principle that the land intake for each project should be
kept to the minimum.
Node Numbering System
A base plan of the existing or proposed drain system should first be prepared. Each node or
structure is given a number in the form U.V where U, the “integral part” of the number, denotes the branch to which
the length belongs and V, the “fractional part” of the number, denotes the position of the structure within the
branch. The integral part of the number is called the branch number.
1.4 General Planning and Design Procedure
There are ten steps that must be undertaken to plan or design a

drainage/stormwaterFigure 1.3 a Detailed Numbering System for Conveyance Facilities
management system for a typical new
development. They are:
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Properties
Properties
Inlet
B3
Inlet Inlet Street

STEP 1: CATCHMENT DEFINITION AND DISCRETISATION
STEP 2: FLOW ESTIMATION AND CHECK
STEP 3: QUANTITY AND QUALITY CONTROL STRATEGY
STEP 4: MINOR SYSTEM INITIAL ASSESSMENT
STEP 5: MAJOR SYSTEM CHECK
STEP 6: PRELIMINARY SIZING
STEP 7: WATER QUALITY SYSTEM DESIGN
STEP 8: NETWORK REVIEW
STEP 9: EVALUATION
STEP 10: FINAL DESIGN DETAILING
1.5 Preliminary Design
Using the above initial analyses, proceed with preliminary design of the major/minor systems and storm water management
systems. Consideration should also be given to alternatives, which may result in a more economic design.
In the investigation of an individual scheme, the full range of design alternatives should be considered to determine the
“most cost-effective” alternative.
Design alternatives may include:

• doing nothing;
• reduce design criteria;
• provide above and below ground detention storage in parks, road reserves and private properties;
• partial augmentation;
• major augmentation;
• purchase and removal of affected buildings
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1.6 Method of Determining Design Peak Flows
In order to determine drain sizes the peak flow is needed. For catchment areas less than 200 acres the Rational Method
(Q=CIA) will be used for determining the peak flow throughout the subdivision. The Donald Sangster IDF curves developed
for the NWA bridges programme will be used. For flood routing and retention pond calculations the SCSTR20 Method will
be used with the SCSUH type 3 hyetograph.
The rainfall depths for the project will be based on the gage at Duncans Trelawny.
Storm – return period Rainfall Depth (mm)

2 yr 64
5 yr 104
10 yr 130
25 yr 164
50 yr 189
100 yr 213
1.7 Storm Sewers

The storm sewer system being the buried drainage conveyance system below the roadway pavement is designed to
convey a 1:2 year storm without surcharging. The discharge of storm sewers will be to paved drains or grassed swales.
Minimum cover will be as per the manufacturer’s specifications. The storm sewer will be designed to ensure the
carriageway can comfortably convey the 1:5 year at kerb height.
Storm sewer inlets will be placed appropriately in order to minimise the pipe runs and allow for maximum collection. A
combination of kerb and grate inlets will be used as necessary.
1.8 Open Drains

Open drains will be used where possible and erosion protection using rigid linings will be used in the design. The
GOJ Development Manual, Volume3, Section 1, Chapter 10, article
10.1.7 parts ii) and iii) recommend minimum easement and freeboard in drains are shown below:
(ii) A minimum easement of 1.22m from each side of the design water way is recommended.
(iii) Bridges and open channels should be designed with a freeboard not less than 25% of the design flow depth.
As recommended in the GOJ Development document all drains will be designed with a minimum 25% of the design
depth as freeboard.
1.9 Depression Storage

As the depression is the primary outlet for rainfall runoff from this area a hydrologic model was developed to determine what
the potential water surface elevations would be due to additional runoff after the Housing development is constructed and to
determine the required building limit. The lands being developed by Gore Developments that contribute runoff to the
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depression were modelled with an increased Curve Number (CN 48 increased to CN 77 and CN 82). The results are detailed
in the appendix and summarized in the tables below.
Storm – return period Post development water surface elevation

25 yr 17.04 m
50 yr 17.57 m
100 yr 18.08 m
Table 1: Expected Water Surface Elevations with proposed development and no mitigation
Due to the potential increase in water surface elevations with the additional runoff from the proposed housing development;
it has been determined that the best way to mitigate against additional flooding is to expand the storage capacity of the
depression and its infiltration potential.
1.10 Recommendation and Conclusion

The drainage system for the Housing Development has been designed according to best practices. The streets and storm
sewer will provide conveyance of peak discharges for the 10yr event. All storm sewers will empty into existing drains leading
to the depression or natural gullies.
If no mitigation measures are taken the proposed housing development will impact the depression ponding area by raising
the water surface elevation a total of 0.6m. This can be mitigated by re-grading above the standing water line to expand the
pond as well as replacing the soil in a section of the proposed park in order to improve the percolation of storm water and
achieve less than the same elevation as existed before the development. The current re-grading plan will reduce the post
development water surface level to 0.78m below pre development level.
All subdivision lots and services are set above the proposed 100 yr flood limit of 16.7m.
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APPENDIX
Given a small urban catchment (1.2 km2) at the housing development . Most of the catchment is partly developed
with residential facilities. The catchment is moderately flat with rural, residential and commercial landuses.
Schematic layout of the existing main drainage system with landuse distribution is shown in Figure 16.A1.
Components of the proposed community level stormwater network is shown in Figure 16.A2. No calibration data are
available for stormwater quality and quantity. Worked examples are provided for the following:
1. Develop and examine a stormwater system network for quantity and compare the analysis for pre-
and post- development conditions.
2. Calculate the average annual load and overall removal efficiency of the same proposed stormwater
system for sediment and Total Nitrogen (TN). Find out the reduction in annual load compared with
pre-development conditions.
3. Analyse part of the network system for stormwater quantity conveyance using Rational Method
Solution
The calculations were performed using XP-SWMM version 6.1 software. Summary input and output tables are provided.
Similar general procedures would be followed for other computer modelling software.
1) Create a new file, load in a GIS background, draw the network and name or number the nodes.
2) Determine the design ARI standard(s) to be used and define a series of design storms.
For this design, the minor system design storm is 5 year ARI and the major, 100 year ARI.
Define the losses or infiltration procedure. This example uses a Horton infiltration curve in the Global
3)
Database, which can be used in the various catchments. The following values are used:
Impervious area: depression storage= 1 mm, n =0.014 Pervious
area: depression storage =5 mm, n =0.030
Horton infiltration (only applies to pervious area): Fo = 75.0 mm/hr,
Fc = 3.8 mm/hr, a = 0.0011 sec-1
4) Enter the catchment details and use the Time-Area procedure for generating the hydrograph
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Table 1.2 Catchment Details, Existing System
Node Routing Method Infiltration Method Contributing Area Impervious Time of Concentration Slope
Name (ha) (%) (min) (%)
6F2/1 Time-Area. Normal 17.71 5 25 1.0
Time-Area. Normal 3.94 30 14 1.0
6F1/5us Time-Area. Normal 13.29 30 17 0.5
Outlet - - - - - -
5) Each of the layers has Job Control parameters that are used to control the simulation.
6) To transfer the flows from one layer to the next, an interface file is set up. This enables the creation of
hydrographs for various storms and then selectively routing these through the drainage network.
7) The drainage system details need to be entered in the hydraulics layer (EXTRAN) so that the model can
route the hydrographs generated in the hydrology layer (RUNOFF).
Table 1.3 Drainage system Details, Existing System
Link U/S Node D/S Node No. Type Width Depth Sideslope Length IL u/s IL d/s Manning n
Name (m) (m) (Z) (m) (m) (m)
25 6F2/1 6F1/8 - Trapezoidal 2.0 1.5 0 400 46.40 41.00 0.017
26 6F1/10 6F1/9 - Trapezoidal 1.0 1.5 4 200 47.00 42.50 0.040
27 6F1/9 6F1/8 - Trapezoidal 1.0 1.5 4 250 42.50 41.00 0.040
28 6F1/8 6F1/7 - Trapezoidal 2.5 2.5 0 150 41.00 40.70 0.017
29 6F1/7 6F1/6 - Trapezoidal 2.5 2.5 0 200 40.70 39.00 0.017
30 6F1/6 6F1/5us - Trapezoidal 2.5 2.5 0 200 39.00 38.00 0.017
O/flow1 6F1/6 6F1/4ds - Trapezoidal 10.0 1.2 2 370 39.00 37.10 0.040
41 6F1/5us 6F1/5ds - Trapezoidal 2.5 3.0 0 20 38.00 37.80 0.017
38 6F1/5ds 6F1/4us - Trapezoidal 3.0 3.0 0 180 37.80 37.20 0.017
39 6F1/4us 6F1/4ds - - - - - - 37.20 37.10 -
- - - 2 Rectangle 1.5 1.5 - 10 - - 0.014
- - - - Trapezoidal 20.0 1.2 5 10 - - 0.025
32 6F1/4ds 6F1/3 - Trapezoidal 10.0 3.0 4 200 37.10 36.60 0.025
33 6F1/3 6F1/2 - Trapezoidal 10.0 3.0 4 200 36.60 36.00 0.025
34 6F1/2 6F1/1 - Trapezoidal 10.0 3.0 4 200 36.00 35.30 0.025
36 6F1/1 Outlet - Trapezoidal 10.0 3.0 4 100 35.30 34.80 0.025
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8) Mode Properties are set to control whether to run the hydrology and hydraulics at the same time or to run one
layer at a time.
9) Run the model to generate the results.
10) Once the analysis has been performed then the results may be displayed on screen, or printed out. The
Spatial Report produces a graphical summary, and the 'REPORT' function is used to generate summary
tabular outputs. These are shown in Table 1.2 and Table 1.3 for two cases, the 100 year ARIand 5 year ARI
60 minute duration storms.
Table 1.4 100 year ARI 60 minute Storm, Existing System
Link U/S node D/S node IL u/s IL d/s Manning n Level u/s Surcharge time Qmax Velocity VxD
Name (m) (m) (m) (min) (m3/s) (m/s) (m2/s)
25 6F2/1 6F1/8 46.4 41.0 0.017 47.46 0.0 8.00 3.54 4.07
26 6F1/10 6F1/9 47.0 42.5 0.040 47.66 0.0 4.62 1.48 1.12
27 6F1/9 6F1/8 42.5 41.0 0.040 44.08 0.0 7.66 0.98 1.52
28 6F1/8 6F1/7 41.0 40.7 0.017 43.89 0.0 21.40 3.51 9.26
29 6F1/7 6F1/6 40.7 39.0 0.017 43.25 6.6 23.16 3.88 10.73
30 6F1/6 6F1/5us 39.0 38.0 0.017 42.24 0.0 27.79 4.45 13.32
O/flow1 6F1/6 6F1/4ds 39.0 37.1 0.040 42.24 0.0 1.06 0.57 0.10
41 6F1/5us 6F1/5ds 38.0 37.8 0.017 40.81 0.0 33.59 4.74 13.45
38 6F1/5ds 6F1/4us 37.8 37.2 0.017 40.67 0.0 33.62 4.28 11.09
39 6F1/4us 6F1/4ds 37.2 37.1 - 39.53 0.0 - - -
- - - - - 0.014 - - 15.29 3.63 6.54
- - - - - 0.025 - - 24.51 4.73 0.00
32 6F1/4ds 6F1/3 37.1 36.6 0.025 38.44 0.0 40.18 1.95 2.62
33 6F1/3 6F1/2 36.6 36.0 0.025 37.96 0.0 45.51 2.17 2.95
34 6F1/2 6F1/1 36.0 35.3 0.025 37.37 0.0 48.67 2.41 3.17
36 6F1/1 Outlet 35.3 34.8 0.025 36.57 0.0 51.44 2.78 3.43
Table 1.5 5 year ARI 60 minute Storm, Existing System
Link U/S Node D/S Node IL u/s IL d/s Manning n Level u/s Surcharge Time Qmax Velocity VxD
25 6F2/1 6F1/8 46.4 41.0 0.017 47.17 0.0 5.22 3.38 2.61
26 6F1/10 6F1/9 47.0 42.5 0.040 47.56 0.0 3.07 1.41 0.88
27 6F1/9 6F1/8 42.5 41.0 0.040 43.48 0.0 6.37 0.86 1.31
28 6F1/8 6F1/7 41.0 40.7 0.017 43.14 0.0 15.73 3.32 6.20
29 6F1/7 6F1/6 40.7 39.0 0.017 42.32 0.0 17.35 3.59 7.08
30 6F1/6 6F1/5us 39.0 38.0 0.017 41.40 0.0 21.91 3.65 8.76
O/flow1 6F1/6 6F1/4ds 39.0 37.1 0.040 41.40 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00
41 6F1/5us 6F1/5ds 38.0 37.8 0.017 40.40 0.0 26.12 4.28 10.47
38 6F1/5ds 6F1/4us 37.8 37.2 0.017 40.29 0.0 26.12 3.68 8.66
39 6F1/4us 6F1/4ds 37.2 37.1 - 39.42 0.0 - - -
- - - - - 0.014 - - 14.51 3.62 6.07
- - - - - 0.025 - - 15.53 4.10 0.00
32 6F1/4ds 6F1/3 37.1 36.6 0.025 38.24 0.0 30.06 1.80 2.06
33 6F1/3 6F1/2 36.6 36.0 0.025 37.75 0.0 33.37 1.98 2.28
34 6F1/2 6F1/1 36.0 35.3 0.025 37.16 0.0 35.17 2.19 2.42
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36 6F1/1 Outlet 35.3 34.8 0.025 36.36 0.0 36.72 2.26 2.55
11. Check the discharge estimate against another method (optional). No checking was done for this example.
12. Alter the catchment parameters for post-development conditions, as shown in the Table 1.6
Table 1.6 Catchment Details, Post-development
Node Routing Method Infiltration Method Contributing Area Impervious % Time of Concentration Slope %
Name (ha) (%) (min) (%)
- - - 3.94 36 - 1.0
- Time-Area. Normal - - 14 -
6F1/5ds - - - - - -
Basin-us - - - - - -
Basin Time-Area. Normal 13.29 36 17 0.5
6F1/4A - - - - - -
6F1/4ds - - - - - -
Outlet - - - - - -
13. Re-run the model for the minor storm, in this case 5 year ARI. If post-development flow exceeds
that for existing conditions, detention measures will be required. In this case an off-line detention
storage was added.
14. Adjust the minor system design if necessary to achieve satisfactory performance in the minor system design
storm. In this case, the design was considered to be acceptable.
15. Re-run the model for the major storm to check the design including overland flow paths, and adjust if
necessary. The resulting design is shown in the Table 1.7
Table 1.7 Drainage System Details, Existing System
Link U/S Node D/S Node No. Type Width Depth Sideslope Length IL u/s IL d/s Manning n
Name (m) (m) (Z) (m) (m) (m)
25 6F2/1 6F1/8 - Trapezoidal 2.0 1.5 0 400 46.4 41.0 0.017
26 6F1/10 6F1/9 - Trapezoidal 1.0 1.5 4 200 47.0 42.5 0.040
27 6F1/9 6F1/8 - Trapezoidal 1.0 1.5 4 250 42.5 41.0 0.040
28 6F1/8 6F1/7 - Trapezoidal 2.5 2.5 0 150 41.0 40.7 0.017
29 6F1/7 6F1/6 - Trapezoidal 2.5 2.5 0 200 40.7 39.0 0.017
30 6F1/6 6F1/5ds - Trapezoidal 2.5 2.5 0 200 39.0 37.8 0.017
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46 6F1/6 Basin-us - - - - - - 39.0 39.5 -
45 6F1/5ds 6F1/4A - Trapezoidal 3.0 3.0 0 60 37.8 37.6 0.017
47 Basin-us Basin - Trapezoidal 1.0 1.0 4 200 39.5 39.5 0.025
41 Basin 6F1/4A - - - - - - 39.5 37.6 -
- - - - Circular - 1.4 - 30 - - 0.014
38 6F1/4A 6F1/4us - Trapezoidal 3.0 3.0 0 140 37.6 37.2 0.017
39 6F1/4us 6F1/4ds - - - - - - 37.2 37.1 -
- - - 2 Rectangle 1.5 1.5 - 10 - - 0.014
- - - - Trapezoidal 10.0 0.2 5 5 - - 0.025
32 6F1/4ds 6F1/3 - Trapezoidal 10.0 3.0 4 200 37.1 36.6 0.025
33 6F1/3 6F1/2 1 Trapezoidal 10.0 3.0 4 200 36.6 36.0 0.025
34 6F1/2 6F1/1 - Trapezoidal 10.0 3.0 4 200 36.0 35.3 0.025
36 6F1/1 Outlet - Trapezoidal 10.0 3.0 4 100 35.3 34.8 0.025
16. Table 1.6 and 1.7 show the results for the designed system for 100 year ARI and 5 year ARI 60 minute
duration events. Note that the design should also be checked for other durations, because the addition of a
detention storage may make the critical duration longer. That step was omitted in this Example. Also run the
model for the 3 month ARI storm to calculate the design flow for the GPT, which will be designed in Chapter
34.
Table 1.8 100 year ARI 60 minute Storm, Post- development
25 6F2/1 6F1/8 46.4 41.0 0.017 47.61 0.0 9.54 3.81 4.87
26 6F1/10 6F1/9 47.0 42.5 0.040 47.67 0.0 4.64 1.50 1.06
27 6F1/9 6F1/8 42.5 41.0 0.040 44.24 0.0 7.63 0.84 1.69
28 6F1/8 6F1/7 41.0 40.7 0.017 43.96 7.0 24.38 4.06 10.63
29 6F1/7 6F1/6 40.7 39.0 0.017 43.06 0.0 27.19 4.49 11.16
30 6F1/6 6F1/5ds 39.0 37.8 0.017 41.62 11.1 24.72 4.01 10.12
46 6F1/6 Basin-us 39.0 39.5 - 41.62 11.1 - - -
45 6F1/5ds 6F1/4A 37.8 37.6 0.017 40.43 0.0 24.68 3.13 8.23
47 Basin-us Basin 39.5 39.5 0.025 41.57 38.0 9.46 1.89 2.89
41 Basin 6F1/4A 39.5 37.6 - 41.03 0.0 - - -
- - - - - 0.014 - - 6.56 5.30 7.45
38 6F1/4A 6F1/4us 37.6 37.2 0.017 40.25 0.0 29.00 3.92 9.60
39 6F1/4us 6F1/4ds 37.2 37.1 - 39.47 0.0 - - -
- - - - - 0.014 - - 14.89 3.62 6.29
- - - - - 0.025 - - 19.57 4.35 0.00
32 6F1/4ds 6F1/3 37.1 36.6 0.025 38.38 0.0 34.39 1.61 2.23
33 6F1/3 6F1/2 36.6 36.0 0.025 38.10 0.0 38.98 1.80 2.48
34 6F1/2 6F1/1 36.0 35.3 0.025 37.26 0.0 41.46 2.30 2.78
36 6F1/1 Outlet 35.3 34.8 0.025 36.46 0.0 43.83 2.53 2.98
Table 1.9 5 year ARI 60 minute Storm, Post-development
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25 6F2/1 6F1/8 46.4 41.0 0.017 47.31 0.0 6.50 3.55 3.26
26 6F1/10 6F1/9 47.0 42.5 0.040 47.56 0.0 3.09 1.41 0.88
27 6F1/9 6F1/8 42.5 41.0 0.040 43.61 0.0 5.83 0.80 1.22
28 6F1/8 6F1/7 41.0 40.7 0.017 43.35 0.0 17.98 3.43 7.10
29 6F1/7 6F1/6 40.7 39.0 0.017 42.50 0.0 19.98 4.15 8.05
30 6F1/6 6F1/5ds 39.0 37.8 0.017 41.08 0.0 18.35 3.58 7.33
46 6F1/6 Basin-us 39.0 39.5 - 41.08 0.0 - - -
45 6F1/5ds 6F1/4A 37.8 37.6 0.017 40.03 0.0 18.32 2.73 6.11
47 Basin-us Basin 39.5 39.5 0.025 41.03 24.8 6.51 1.54 1.76
41 Basin 6F1/4A 39.5 37.6 - 40.56 0.0 - - -
- - - - - 0.014 - - 5.08 4.91 5.47
38 6F1/4A 6F1/4us 37.6 37.2 0.017 39.89 0.0 21.65 3.25 7.20
39 6F1/4us 6F1/4ds 37.2 37.1 - 39.37 0.0 - - -
- - - - - 0.014 - - 14.07 3.60 5.81
- - - - - 0.025 - - 11.46 3.68 0.00
32 6F1/4ds 6F1/3 37.1 36.6 0.025 38.17 0.0 25.48 1.52 1.76
33 6F1/3 6F1/2 36.6 36.0 0.025 37.85 0.0 28.53 1.67 1.93
34 6F1/2 6F1/1 36.0 35.3 0.025 37.06 0.0 29.92 2.08 2.11
36 6F1/1 Outlet 35.3 34.8 0.025 36.27 0.0 31.40 2.03 2.21
Network Design of Treatment Train for Storm water Quality Control
16
Solution
The calculations are performed on an average annual basis, using a spreadsheet and EMCs.
1) The calculation of weighted average volumetric runoff coefficient Cv for pre and post-development cases is
shown in Table 16.A9. Note that the Cv values are changed to represent new development.
Table 2 Weighted Average Volumetric Runoff Coefficient
Total Pre-development Post-development

Node Catchment Catchment Landuse Curve on Coefficient Landuse Curve on Coefficient
Area (ha) Area (ha) Chart* Cv Chart* Cv
6F2/1 17.71 Rural, sandy, open crop D 0.50 urban residential 4 0.59
6F1/10 7.94 urban residential 4 0.59 urban residential 4 0.59
6F1/8 14.82 Rural, sandy, open crop D 0.50 urban residential 4 0.59
- 3.94 urban residential 4 0.59 urban residential 4 0.59
0.55 0.59
Total 72.30
6F1/5us 13.29 urban residential 4 0.59 urban residential 4 0.59
6F1/5ds - - -
6F1/4us 11.88 urban residential 4 0.59 urban residential 4 0.59
6F1/4ds - - -
0.59 0.59
Total 41.46
Total 5.40 0.59 0.59
Outlet - - - -
TOTAL 119.16 119.16
NOTE: * Curves 1-8 give runoff coefficients for urban catchments,
* Curves A-F give runoff coefficients for rural catchments,
To estimate C v , use the rainfall intensity from a 60 minute duration, 1 year ARI storm
1
I 1 = 52.8 mm/hr
2) Using these Cv values, hydrologic data from Appendix 16.A.3 and information from other sections of this
Manual, the calculation of the average annual pre-development load is shown in Table 16.A10.
The calculation is done on a mass balance basis starting from the top of the catchment. Separate columns
must be used for each pollutant. Assume that the only pollutant sources are from catchment runoff.
3) Similarly, the calculation of the average annual post-development load is shown in Table 16.A11. The table
also shows the calculation of pollutant removal in the water quality control devices (off-line basin, GPT and
pond). The hydraulic effects of diversions have been estimated for the purposes of this example. In practice,
design calculations should involve computer simulation to estimate the annual average volume of flow diverted
and infiltrated.
17
Table 2.2 Average Annual Load Calculation, Pre Development
Catchment Parameters TOTAL LOAD (kg)

No. Sediment TN Sediment TN
1. Rural Catchment to 6F1/6
Catchment area 32.53 ha (nodes 6F2/1, 6F1/8)
Annual rainfall depth 2200 mm
Volumetric Runoff Coefficient C v 0.50
Annual runoff depth Annual 1100 mm
runoff volume 357,830 m3
EMC of pollutant (Table 15.2) Pollutant load mg/L 85 0.2
from rural areas kg 30,416 72
2. Urban Catchment to 6F1/6 Catchment area

Annual rainfall depth 39.77 ha
# Volumetric Runoff Coefficient C v 2200 mm
Annual runoff depth Annual 0.59
runoff volume 1298 mm
3
* EMC of pollutant (Table 15.2) 516,215 m
Pollutant load from urban areas mg/L 100 1.2
kg 51,621 619 82,037 691
3. Catchment from 6F1/6 to 6F1/2

Catchment area 41.46 ha
# Volumetric Runoff Coefficient C v 0.59
Annual runoff depth 1298 mm
Annual runoff volume 538,151 m3
* EMC of pollutant (Table 15.2) mg/L 100 1.2
Pollutant load from this catchment kg 53,815 646 53,815 646
Total catchment to 6F1/2

Total catchment area 81.2 ha
Total runoff volume 1,054,365 m3
135,852 1,337
Total sediment load at 6F1/2 105,437 tonnes
4. Catchment from 6F1/2 to 6F1/1 Catchment

area 5.40 ha
Annual runoff depth Annual 1298 mm
runoff volume 70,092 m3
* EMC of pollutant (Table 15.2) Pollutant load mg/L 100 1.2

from this catchment kg 7,009 84 7,009 84
Total catchment to Pond

142,861 1,421
Total load at 6F1/1 kg
Table 2.3 Average Annual Load Calculation, Post Development
18
Catchment Parameters TOTAL LOAD (kg)
No. Sediment TN Sediment TN
1. Catchment to 6F1/6
* EMC of pollutant (Table 15.2) mg/L 100 1.2
Pollutant load at 6F1/6 kg 93,845 1,126 93,845 1,126
Off-line basin
* Flow diverted to detention (estimate) 2% of annual total volume @
(Assuming that flows above 3 month ARI are diverted by the side weir)
Flow diverted to detention pond 18,769 m3
Average concentration of pollutant in flow mg/L 100 1.2
Pollutant diverted to detention pond kg 1,877 23 -1,877 -23
@ Flow and pollutant removal by infiltration (estimate): 50%
Pollutant load removed kg 938 11
938 11
Pollutant returned to main stream kg 938 11
Total load downstream of detention pond 92,907 1,115
2.
Catchment from 6F1/6 to 6F1/2
100 1.2
* EMC of pollutant (Table 15.2) mg/L
53,815 646 53,815 646
Load from this catchment kg
Total catchment to GPT at 6F1/2

Total load at 6F1/2 92,907 kg GPT 146,722 1,761
area: 140 m2
At/Ac 1.2E-04
U 80%
Soil type average soil 33% 10%
* Sediment retention of reference soil (Design Chart 34-1) 1.00
* Volume correction factor F v (Design Chart 34-2) 30,659 -30,659 -176
Pollutant removed kg 62,248
3. Pollutant returned to main stream kg 116,063 1,585
Catchment from 6F1/2 to 6F1/1

Annual runoff volume 80,784 m3 100 1.2
* EMC of pollutant (Table 15.2) mg/L 8,078 97
Load from this catchment kg 8,078 97
Total catchment to Pond

Total runoff volume 1,557,389 m3 Total pollutant
load at 6F1/1 kg Pond area: 1.19 ha 124,141 1,682
Ap/Ac 1.0%
DCIA 50%
65% 40%
* Pollutant removal in pond (from Design Chart 35.A1) Pollutant
80,692 673
removed kg 43,449 1,009
Pollutant remaining (output) kg -80,692 -673
43,449 1,009
19
Summary of Results
Once the annual load calculations have been performed, it is possible to compare the pre-development and post-
development cases by assessing the overall efficiency and pollutant load reduction (post-development) of the water
quality control measures. The results are shown in Table 16.A12.
Table 2.4 Average Annual Load and Removal Efficiency Calculation, Post Development
Calculation for Unit Sedimen TN

t
Load Reduction:
Annual load pre-development = kg 142,861 1,421
Annual load post- = kg 43,449 1,009
development
Pollutant load reduction = (142,861-43,449)/142,861 (1,421-1,009)/1,421
Reduction percentage = % 69.6 29.0
Removal Efficiency:
Total sediment load
generated from the = 93,845+53,815+8,078 1,126+646+97
catchment (input) = kg 155,739 1,869
Overall removal (Input -

efficiency of treatment = output)/Input (155,739- (1,869-1,009)/1,869
train 43,449)/155,739
Efficiency in percent = % 72.1 46.0
In this design, the proposed treatment system is predicted to achieve almost 70% reduction in sediment and 29%
reduction in TN load compared with existing conditions. These figures exceed the minimum target criteria for drainage
system.
20
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TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES

938 Aurora Boulevard, Cubao, Quezon City

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

RIVER IMPROVEMENT SYSTEM

August 13, 2019

Figure 1 - 1: the Project Site

(a) catchment natural drainage direction,

Figure 1.2 Runoff Travel Path and Features of a

(c) The effect on sea levels of tropical cyclones.

Node Numbering System

1.4 General Planning and Design Procedure

There are ten steps that must be undertaken to plan or design a

Inlet Inlet Street

1.5 Preliminary Design

Design alternatives may include:

Storm – return period Rainfall Depth (mm)

1.7 Storm Sewers

1.8 Open Drains

1.9 Depression Storage

Storm – return period Post development water surface elevation

1.10 Recommendation and Conclusion

area: depression storage =5 mm, n =0.030

Horton infiltration (only applies to pervious area): Fo = 75.0 mm/hr,

Fc = 3.8 mm/hr, a = 0.0011 sec-1

9) Run the model to generate the results.

Table 1.4 100 year ARI 60 minute Storm, Existing System

Table 1.5 5 year ARI 60 minute Storm, Existing System

Table 1.6 Catchment Details, Post-development

Table 1.8 100 year ARI 60 minute Storm, Post- development

Table 1.9 5 year ARI 60 minute Storm, Post-development

Network Design of Treatment Train for Storm water Quality Control

Table 2 Weighted Average Volumetric Runoff Coefficient

Total Pre-development Post-development

NOTE: * Curves 1-8 give runoff coefficients for urban catchments,

* Curves A-F give runoff coefficients for rural catchments,

Catchment Parameters TOTAL LOAD (kg)

2. Urban Catchment to 6F1/6 Catchment area

3. Catchment from 6F1/6 to 6F1/2

Total catchment to 6F1/2

4. Catchment from 6F1/2 to 6F1/1 Catchment

* EMC of pollutant (Table 15.2) Pollutant load mg/L 100 1.2

Total catchment to Pond

Table 2.3 Average Annual Load Calculation, Post Development

Total catchment to GPT at 6F1/2

Catchment from 6F1/2 to 6F1/1

Total catchment to Pond

Calculation for Unit Sedimen TN

Overall removal (Input -

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