usan Riddle Duke, iv (calculators); Image Bank/Getty Images, 2, 163 (top);

Photodisc/Getty Images, 6, 62, 85, 86, 147, 184 (top), 269,

422, 472, 588 (top), 624, 638; Richard Leeney © Dorling Kindersley, 12; © Arnold Gold/New Haven Register/The
Image Works, 16;
© Judith Miller/Dorling Kindersley/Freeman’s, 21; © Gail Mooney/CORBIS, 25; Rafael Macia\Photo Researchers,
Inc., 40 (top);
ronfromyork\Shutterstock, 40 (bottom); Nancy P. Alexander\PhotoEdit Inc., 41; Kevin P. Casey/ABC\Everett
Collection, 42; George
Doyle/Stockbyte/Thinkstock, 50; Comstock\Thinkstock, 55; Cathy Melloan\PhotoEdit Inc., 58; Amy C.
Etra\PhotoEdit Inc., 60, 217;
David Young-Wolff\PhotoEdit Inc., 61; Monkey Business Images\Shutterstock, 76; disorderly\iStockphoto.com, 77;
Walter G
Arce\Shutterstock, 80; Sal Yeung Chan\Shutterstock, 82; Liza McCorkie\iStockphoto.com, 88; EyeWire
Collection\Getty ImagesPhotodisc-Royalty Free, 106 (top), 769; Jupiterimages, Getty Images, 106 (bottom), 185,
704, 738, 749; AP Wide World Photos, 108,
203, 431; SW PRODUCTIONS/BRAND X PICTURES/THINKSTOCK, 111; Radius Images\Alamy Images
Royalty Free, 120;
Alamy Images/Larry Williams Associates/Corbis Premium RF, 124; Creatas\Thinkstock, 126; Allen
Birnbach\Masterfile Corporation,
148; Chad Ehlers\Stock Connection, 150; Tom Tracy/Taxi/Getty Images, 153; Yuri Arcurs\Shutterstock, 163
(bottom); Robert Brenner\
PhotoEdit Inc., 164, 534; Jeff Greenberg\Alamy Images, 170; Brian Stablyk\Getty Images-Creative Express, 184
(bottom); Robin
Beck\Getty Images, Inc., 186; Najlah Feanny, Stock Boston, 195; THINKSTOCK IMAGES/COMSTOCK/GETTY
IMAGES, 201;
Tony Weller\Getty Images-Digital Vision, 216 (top); Teledyne MEC, 216 (bottom); Image by © Reuters/CORBIS,
All Rights Reserved.,
220; Subbotina Anna\Shutterstock, 227; egd\Shutterstock, 231; Tom Konestabo\Shutterstock, 264 (top);
BrianSM\Shutterstock, 264
(bottom); Martin Heitner\Stock Connection, 266; Getty Images/Digital Vision, 270; Brian Haimer\PhotoEdit Inc.,
274; Churchill &
Klehr Photography, 282; Paul Matthew Photography\Shutterstock, 283; Michael Newman\PhotoEdit Inc., 299, 305;
flashgun\
Shutterstock, 300 (top); Stephen Oliver © Dorling Kindersley, 300 (bottom); Dave Nagel\Getty Images-Creative
Express, 302; Ilya
Terentyev\iStockphoto.com, 307; Tokio_Maple\iStockphoto.com, 308; Amy Goodchild\iStockphoto.com, 313;
Spencer Tirey\AP Wide
World Photos, 316; JOHN FOXX/STOCKBYTE/THINKSTOCK, 324; Wechsler, Doug\Animals Animals/Earth
Scenes, 327; Getty
Images-Stockbyte, Royalty Free, 344 (bottom), 595, 690; Dennis MacDonald\PhotoEdit Inc., 345, 528 (top); Bill
Aron\PhotoEdit Inc.,
346; JOCHEN SAND/PHOTODISC/THINKSTOCK, 349; Don Smetzer\PhotoEdit Inc., 352; Photo courtesy of
American Leak
Detection, 367; Anne-Marie Weber/Taxi/Getty Images, 383 (top); Ron Chapple/Taxi/Getty Images, 383 (bottom);
Maksim Toome\
iStockphoto.com, 384; David Young-Wolff\PhotoEdit Inc., 386; Andreas Buck/Das Fotoarchiv\Photolibrary/Peter
Arnold, Inc., 388;
mbbirdy\iStockphoto.com, 399; Matthew Ward © Dorling Kindersley, 405; Myrleen Ferguson Cate\PhotoEdit Inc.,
421 (top); Tony
Freeman\PhotoEdit Inc., 421 (bottom), 560 (bottom); Yoshikazu Tsuno/Agence France Presse/Getty Images, 422;
Susan Van
Etten\PhotoEdit Inc., 424; After the painting by Christian A. Jensen. The Granger Collection, New York., 434;
Dmitriy Shironosov\
iStockphoto.com, 439; Courtesy of AT&T Archives and History Center, Warren, NJ, 452 (top); Julie Toy\Getty
Images-Creative
Express, 452 (bottom); Robert W. Ginn\PhotoEdit Inc., 454; David Hanover\Getty Images-Creative Express, 488;
Peter Bennett/
Ambient Images, 489; Getty Images, Inc., 490; Stockbyte\Thinkstock, 501; JUPITERIMAGES/GETTY
IMAGES/THINKTOCK,
511; JIM CUMMINS\Jim Cummins Studio, Inc., 528 (bottom); Ryan McVay\Getty Images, Inc.—
Photodisc./Royalty Free, 530;
Michael Neelon(misc)\Alamy Images, 541; Lon C. Diehl\PhotoEdit Inc., 560 (top); Thinkstock, 562; Bob
Ainsworth\iStockphoto.com,
565; Ann Marie Kurtz\iStockphoto.com, 573; Ryan McVay\Getty Images/Digital Vision, 588 (bottom), 722 (top);
Tom Biegalski\
Shutterstock, 597; Michael Newman\PhotoEdit Inc., 599; Jonathan Blair/National Geographic Image Collection,
620; Deere &
Company., 621; Spencer Grant\PhotoEdit Inc., 622; © Dorling Kindersley, 625; Macduff Everton, Corbis/Bettmann,
658; Boris
Yankov\iStockphoto.com, 659; iStockphoto.com, 660, 724; Linda Johnsonbaugh\Shutterstock.com, 668; Darin
Echelberger\
Shutterstock, 671; Tony Savino\The Image Works, 676; Olga Bogatyrenko\Shutterstock, 691; © Greg Smith/Corbis
SABA, 692;
Steve Mason\Thinkstock, 695; Linda Johnsonbaugh\iStockphoto.com, 699; Scott T. Baxter\Getty Images-Creative
Express Royalty
Free, 722 (bottom); Matthew Brown, 739, 770 (top); Fernando Bengoechea\CORBIS-NY,