Chemistry Matters

Chapter 1

Kinetic Particle Theory

1.1 States of Matter
Property Solid Liquid Gas
Shape Fixed Not fixed Not fixed

Volume Fixed Fixed Not fixed

Compressibility Cannot be Cannot be Can be

compressed compressed compressed
1.2 Kinetic Particle Theory
1. The kinetic particle theory states that all
matter is made up of tiny particles that
are in constant, random motion
2. The differences in the states of matter can
be explained in terms of the kinetic
particle theory
Properties Solid Liquid Gas

Arrangement of •Orderly •Disorderly •Disorderly

particles •Closely packed •Less closely packed •Very far apart
than in a solid

Attractive forces Very strong Strong Very weak

between particles

Kinetic energy of Very low Low High

particles

Particle motion Vibrate and rotate Slide over each Move about at great
about a fixed other speeds
position
1.3 Changes of State and the
Kinetic Particle Theory
1. Particles in solids, liquids and gases have
different amounts of kinetic energy.
2. Changes of state occur when particle gain
or lose energy.
1.4 Diffusion
1. Gases with lower molecular masses diffuse
faster than gases with higher molecular masses
2. Diffusion is the movement of particles from a
region of higher concentration to a region of
lower concentration
3. The relative rates of diffusion in
A. Liquids: slow diffusion
B. Gases: rapid diffusion