Written Report

In
History 101

INSTITUTIONAL IMPACT OF SPANISH RULE

Economic Institution
Monopolies (rentas estancadas)
Spiritious Liquors (1712-1864)
Betel Nut (1764)
Tobacco(1782-1882)
Explosives (1805-1864)
Opium (1847)
Opium (poppy tears, with the scientific name: Lachryma papaveris) is the
dried latex obtained from the opium poppy (scientific name: Papaver somniferum).
[5]
Approximately 12 percent of the opium latex is made up of the analgesic alkaloid morphine,
which is processed chemically to produce heroin and other synthetic opioids for medicinal use
and for illegal drug trade.
The areca nut (/ˈærɪkə/ or /əˈriːkə/) is the fruit of the areca palm (Areca catechu), which
grows in much of the tropical Pacific (Melanesia and Micronesia), Southeast and South Asia, and
parts of east Africa. It is commonly referred to as betel nut so it is easily confused
with betel (Piper betle) leaves that are often used to wrap it (paan).
Tobacco is a plant originally indigenous to the Americas which is now grown across the
world. ... The leaves may be smoked (in cigarettes, cigars, and pipes), applied to the gums (as
dipping and chewing tobacco), or inhaled (as snuff).
Spirituous liquors" means any alcohol beverage obtained by distillation, mixed with
water and other substances in solution, and includes among other things brandy, rum, whiskey,
gin, and every liquid or solid, patented or not, containing at least one-half of one percent alcohol
by volume and which is fit for use for beverage purposes.

“Taxation Without Representation”

 The colonist were not allowed to choose representatives to parliament in London, which
passes the laws under which they were taxed.
 Situation in which government imposes taxed on a particular group of its citizens,
despite the citizens not consenting or having an actual representative deliver their views
the taxation decisions was made.

Direct Taxes (personal tribute and income tax)

Indirect Taxes (customs and duties)

Polo y Servicio Personal or Prestacion Personal

 Polo in tagalog means (pulong) originally means is “meeting pf persons and things” also
“community labor”. Polistas or drafted laborers its either Filipino or Chinese citizen who’s
age ranging from 16 to 60 years old who are obligated to work.
  The laborer will be exempted by paying the “falla” (payment of 1.5 real during the 40-
day period).

Negative Effects:
Upsetting the village economy forced separation from family decimation of male
population.

Encomiendas: Royal and Private

 The encomienda from the world encomendar, meaning “to trust,” was revenue-getting
Hispanic institution introduced to the Philippines via Mexico. This was grant from the
Spanish crown to a meritorious Spaniard to exercise control over specific place including
its inhabitants.

2 kinds of Encomiendas:
 Royal/Crown- “realenga or encomienda de la real corona”
The crown encomienda were reserved for the principles towns and
ports such as Bagumbayan(now Luneta), Tondo, Malabon in Manila,
Lubao and Betis In Pampanga.
 Private- “encomienda de particulars”
the private encomiendas were granted to individuals who were either
the Kings proeteg or men who served with merit during the conquest.
Examples of them include Pandacan,Sampaloc, and Macabebe privately
owned by one Pedro Chaves; Bataan by Juan Esguerra; and Batangas
owned personally by Francisco Rodriguez.

The Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade (1565-1815)

Acapulco galleon- (“galleon de Manila” or “nao de China”)
-between Manila and Acapulco de Juarez, reaching as far as Callao in Peru.
- the trip lasted from 200 days return voyage alone is 70 days.

Positive Effects:
Intercultural exchanges between Philippines and America.
Negative Effects:
Construction over Agriculture Trade over Agriculture.

Royal Economic Society of Friends of the Country (1780-1895)

-Jose de Basco y Vargas- “ despotism ilustrado” (Enlightened despotism)
-1780, organized the Real Sociedad Economica de Amigos de Pias or Royal Economic Society of
the Friends of the country
-“to form a society of learned and competent persons capable of producing useful ideas”
-Introduced “Plan General Economico”.

Royal Philippine Company (1785-1814)

-Created on March 10, 1785 by Charles III with a 25-year charted for the purposes of uniting
American and Asian commerce.
-The Dutch and English interest saw it as a direct attack on their trade in Asians goods.
-Also had a stiff competition with Manila-Acapulco Trade.
 -Exclusive for cotton production and weaving, cultivation of black pepper, besides the
propagation of silk, indigo and sugar.

Infrastructure, Telecommunications and Public Utilities

Transportation System
 Ferrocarril de Manila
-extended 120 miles to Dagupan(Pangasinan)
-only railway line in the archipelago operated regularly 4 years before Philippine
revolution 1896.
 Compania de los Travias de Filipinas
-(1885) established in Manila by Jacob Zobel de Zangroniz and Adolfo Bayo.
-(1892) 5 street car service lines (4 horse-drawn) and 1 tranvia de vaporsteam-
powered.
Infrastructure:
Puente Colgante (Now Quezon Bridge)
- 1st suspension bridge in the Far East
- 110 meters long and 7 meters wide.
- designed by Gustave Eiffel
- pedestrians were changed by 1 kusing (0.5 centavos) while each horse cost 3 cuartos (2
centavos) and toll charges for vehicles depends on the number of 3 wheels (more
wheels, higher rates)

Education Transformation
“La Letra Con Sangre Entra” (Spare the rod, Spoil the Child)
-The earliest school in the Philippines were in compliance with Charles V’S decree of July 17,
1550. Which provided that Indios in all the Spanish dominions were to be taught the conqueror’s
language.
“Colegio de Ninos (1956)
-An annex to Jesuit Colegio de Manila, founded a year before.
-After 5 years, Colegio de Ninos folded up due to lack of fund.

Boy’s College and Secondary Schools

 -Exclusive for male colleges:
1589- Colegio Maximo de San Ignacio (became a University in 1962)
1599- College of San Ildefonso(now University of San Carlos)
1601- College of San Jose
1590- College of San Ignacio
1595- College of Immaculate Conception (AdMU)
1611- Colegio de Nuestra Senora del Santissimo Rosario(now UST)
1620- Seminario de Ninos Huerfarios de San Pedro y San Pablo(now college of San Juan de
Letran).
Girl’s schools
-1st boarding school for Spanish girls
Colegios of santa Pontenciana(1591-1864)
Santa Isabela(1632)
Beatrios –exclusive for daughters of upper class Spaniards; includes:
1684-Beaterio de la Compania de jesus(now Religious of the Virgin Mary)
1696-Santa Catalina de Sena
 1719-San Sebastian de Calumpang (now Santa Rita College)
1740-Santa Rita de Pasig
1750-Saanta Rosa

Social Transformation
-Rizal, Del Pilar and Luna
-Mabini, Malantic, Dndan and Panganiban
-Catalogo Alfabetico De Apellidos “Utot”,”Unggoy” and “Casillas”
-Polo y Sevicious Personales
-Control Population Movement “Avoiding Unauthorized Migration, Tax Evation and Other
abuses in The Eyes of Spaniards
-Strictly Impose in Bikolandia and some Part of Ilocandia and Panay
-Change of family names was completely ignored in some areas in Laguna and Pampanga
-Bahay Kubo
-Class Pobre for Filipinos
-And dwelling into a bahay na bato with a wide azotea (from the original batalan)
and sometimes retaining the banguerahan and providing much needed water supply.

Why Filipino did not fully hispanized?

 As we all know, before the spaniard set foot to the shore of the Philippines, Filipinos have their
own culture, tradition, religion and even language. The reason why the Philippines not fully
hispanized,its because not all the Filipinos embraced their presence and ideals. In addition, most
of the Filipinos revolted against the Spaniards just to get rid of them.

Prepared By:

Girlie A. Revillas
Jeneca O. Estanio
Cleford Jay C. Moreno