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Tank Foundation Design Procedure
Tank Foundation Design Procedure
AFES Modules
Tank Earth Foundations Earth Foundations with a Concrete Ringwall Reinforced Concrete Slab
Foundation with a Crushed stone Ringwall
Type
Conditions
The subgrade has adequate bearing capacity
Large tanks, tanks with heavy or tall shells
Pile supported foundation where soil
to be and acceptable settlements and self-supported roofs impose a bearing pressures are very low
considered
When the anchorage is not necessary¶ substantial load on foundation under shell
Can be used where high foundation uplift
forced are encountered resulting form
internal pressure or wind/seismic loading to
provide for anchorage
Advantage The most economical type of tank foundation Allows very good leveling of the periphery The reinforced concrete slab is very
Provides uniform support of the tank bottom of the bottom and the shell which is recommendable when the level of the
by dissipating concentrated loads in a granular positioned on it underground water is high
pattern Can used in congested areas with space
limitations
Dis- Possible the uneven settlement which cause Relatively high cost than the crushed stone The foundation is very expensive
advantage additive effort in the future ringwall foundation
Difficult to construct flat level plane of the
bottom of the shell of the tank
(⇒ Leveling Ring※)
Catastrophic failure of the bottom is possible
if a leak starts and washes out the underlying
support
Application Large Diameter Tanks Small Diameter Tanks All Tanks
(Design
Basis to be
applied)
Table 1-1 Tank Foundation Design Guide
Notes
¶ Regions of low seismicity or in seismic areas where the tank diameter to height ratio is such that there is no uplift of the tank shell or small sloshing effect.
The magnitude of lateral forces, overturning moments, and associated hydrodynamic mass be determined to assess their impact on tank shell and foundation
design
※ A concrete leveling ring can be used under the tank shell in the gravel ring wall foundation. This leveling ring is 200mm deep by 300mm wide unreinforced
concrete whose primary function is to provide a stable level base upon which the fabricator can build the tank shell wall. Additional advantages of the leveling
ring are to distribute concentrated shell loads on to the gravel ring wall and minimize edge settlement under seismic condition
2. Tank Foundation Design Process
Start
Choose Project
Create
Structure
IF Pile Foundation,
Array Pile Data
END
3. ‘Tank Foundation Data’ Input
1. Click “New/Open Project” to generate Tank Foundation in ‘Toolbar icon’ Menu. Choose
Project that you want to work on in “Project Dialog Window”.
Input the coordinates of ‘Tank Foundation’, then click “Add” command button. Input ‘Tank
Foundation’, and click “Save” Command button.
Note) Choose Foundation or Spread Row that you want to edit, then click “Delete” to delete
Node.
EX) Make a Node to locate ‘Tank Foundation’ by clicking ‘Add’. Input coordinates and click
“Save” command button.
Input/modify Geometry Data
4. Click “Assign Foundation Grouping” Icon in Toolbar Icon Menu. The “Structure Group”
Dialog as below is shown. There are four types of Foundation as below.
Click ”New” Command Button. Input ‘Group Name’ in ‘Group Name Box’. Choose “Tank_1”
for Group Type. Choose ‘Block foundation’, then Soil Condition is automatically chosen to
‘Non Pile Fdn’. This foundation does not support ‘Pile Foundation’.
Click ‘Difference Size( Each Foundation)’ button to apply different size and reinforced steel
data for two different foundation.
Choose Node to assign from ‘Using node list’ Click “>” and “Save” to specify Foundation
Module.
9. Choose Foundation in ‘Group Combo Box.’ Click “Feature Data (Dimension)” Icon in
‘Toolbar Icon Menu’, then ‘Reinforcement Input Dialog’ as below is shown.
Choose ‘Footing Tab’ in ‘Input Box’.
Choose one of the ‘Bar Array Types’
Input reinforcing bar information fitting to Bar Array Type. 1 &3 Bar Types can choose only
the information of Bottom reinforcing bar. Choose size of Footing Top & Bottom reinforcing
bar. You can choose either Number or Spacing Input.
Note) You can choose ‘Using Bar’ in Material and Unit Weight Tab of “Setting of Constant”.
Bar DB that AFES can support is ASTM A615, KS D 3504, BS 4449, SAUDI ARABIAN, TS
708, ES 272-74, and TIS 2725. You can add BAR DB if you e-mail to jbchoe@gsconst.co,kr.
Input ‘Footing Clear Cover’ in Clear Cover Tab of “Setting of Constant”. It applies to all
chosen Foundation. Data inputted in ”Setting of Constant” are save in unit of Current Project.
The Bar shape of Ring Wall Pier is Note). The Main Reinforcing bar due to Hoop Tension
of Ring Wall is 10-D22 reinforcing bar.
Click ‘Generation (New)’ command button, then the picture below is shown.
Choose Circle or Rectangular for Pile Array.
Below is example of Circle Array.
Decide how many Circles are needed to arrange Pile. Choose 3 Circle Arrays.
Diameter of the first Pile Circle is 1200 mm. Arrange 3 piles with 60 Start Angle.
Diameter of the second Pile Circle is 3000 mm. Arrange 6 piles with 30 Start Angle.
Diameter of the third Pile Circle is 4000 mm. Arrange 10 piles with 120 Start Angle.
Choose ‘Base Point’ when you arrange ‘Pile’. (Example of arranging Piles based on Footing
Center.) Refer to the picture for more input information.
Input ‘Pile Data’, and click “Save” Command Button.
Input Pile Data
11. Choose Foundation to input “Anchor Bolt/Box Data” in Combo Box. ‘Layout of Anchor
Bolts’ Dialog is shown when clicking “Anchor Bolts/Box Data” Icon in Toolbar Icon Menu.
“Layout of Anchor Bolts” is information for drawing. AFES program does not examine
‘Anchor Bolt’.
Choose who is going to supply ‘Anchor Bolt’ in Bolt Data.
Choose whether Anchor Bolt & Box uses Unified or Metric Units.
Data in ‘Anchor Bolt Size ‘ is different depends on Units.
Note) Anchor Bolt Type & Size can be converted by Anchor Bolt Tab Box of “Setting of
Constants”.
Input Bolt Size, Projection, and Bolt Length. You do not need to input Bolt Size, Projection,
and Length Data if “Using Anchor Box” in Anchor Box is checked.
To change ‘Anchor Bolt’ coordinates, change Spread Sheet and click “Save” Command Button.
Note) Tank1 Type assigns automatically the Equipment Type as ‘Large Storage Tank’.
Click “delete’ to delete Assigned Equipment.
Input Equipment Data
Click “Input” Icon in Toolbar Icon Menu after ‘Equipment Assign’, the dialog below is shown.
Chose ‘Equipment Type’. The shape of Tank is changed according to Type.
Input ‘Equipment Diameter.’ Input Default Data as ‘Pier to Pier Center’ value in AFES.
Input ‘Equipment Shell/ Insulation/Fire Proofing Thickness.’
Input an Equipment Height & Bottom Plate Height.
Input Equipment Empty, Operation, and Test Weight.
Input ‘Internal Friction Angle’ of Soil.
Input a Filling Material Name, Unit weight, and Thickness for Ring Wall.
13. Choose Foundation to input “Load Case/ Combination” in Combo Box. Click “Load
Case/Combination” Icon in Toolbar Icon Menu, then “Loads & Combination” Dialog is
shown.
The default load cases for a tank foundation that AFES generates are as follows:
a) Operating
b) Empty(=Erection)
c) Test
d) X Wind
e) Y Wind
f) X Earthquake
g) Y Earthquake
The default allowable or unfactored load combinations for a tank foundation generated by
AFES depend on the concrete design code selected. For eg if ACI code is selected, the
combinations are as follows:
a) DL + Oper
b) DL + Oper + X Wind
c) DL + Oper + Y Wind
d) DL + Oper + X EQ
e) DL + Oper + Y EQ
f) DL + Empty(=Erec)
g) DL + Empty(=Erec) + X Wind
h) DL + Empty(=Erec) + Y Wind
i) DL + Empty(=Erec) + X EQ
j) DL + Empty(=Erec) + Y EQ
k) DL + Test
The default ultimate or factored load combinations for a tank1 foundation generated by
AFES depend on the concrete design code selected. For eg if ACI 318 - 1999 is selected,
the combinations are as follows:
a) 1.4DL + 1.4Oper
b) 1.05DL + 1.05Oper + 1.275 X Wind
c) 0.9DL + 0.9Oper + 1.3 X Wind
d) 1.05DL +1.05Oper + 1.275 Y Wind
e) 0.9DL + 0.9Oper + 1.3 Y Wind
f) 1.05DL + 1.05Oper + 1.403 X EQ
g) 0.9DL + 0.9Oper + 1.43 X EQ
h) 1.05DL + 1.05Oper + 1.403 Y EQ
i) 0.9DL + 0.9Oper + 1.43 X EQ
j) 1.4DL + 1.4Empty(=Erec)
k) 1.05DL + 1.05Empty(=Erec) + 1.275 X Wind
l) 0.9DL + 0.9Empty(=Erec) + 1.3 X Wind
m) 1.05DL + 1.05Empty(=Erec) + 1.275 Y Wind
n) 0.9DL + 0.9Empty(=Erec) + 1.3 Y Wind
o) 1.05DL + 1.05Empty(=Erec) + 1.403 X EQ
p) 0.9DL + 0.9Empty(=Erec) + 1.43 X EQ
q) 1.05DL + 1.05Empty(=Erec) + 1.403 Y EQ
r) 0.9DL + 0.9Empty(=Erec) + 1.43 X EQ
s) 1.0DL + Test
Note) 1. Input ‘Load Case Name & Load Case Value’ in ‘Load Case Window’, and make a
‘Load Combination’ in Load Combination Window.
2. Make ‘Load Combination’ using ‘Import Function’ in ‘Load Combination Window’,
and go to ‘Load Case Window’, then ‘Load Case’ is automatically input.
After following 1 or 2 steps above, input ‘Load Case Value’ for each pier.
‘Default Load Combination’ in AFES has the function that can design ‘Tank Foundation’ by
importing “Vessel_Load_comb_1.txt” file in ‘Data Directory’.
f) To add Load Case, click “Edit node list”, choose “Unassigned Load Case” and ‘Load
case’, then click “Save” Command Button.
g) To delete ‘Load Case’, choose ‘Load Case’ and click “Remove” Command Button.
h) To input ‘Load Case value’, choose Load Case and input values in Spread Sheet, then
click “Save” Command Button.
Note) SW : ‘Default Load Case’ of AFES is SELF WEIGHT. Fy (=-1) means that automatically
calculate ‘Foundation Self Weight’ to the direction of Vertical Downward.
In case of Tank Foundation, you can input values in ‘Number of Moment Dist. Point’ to assume
concentrated load as distributed load.
Click “Calculation (All)” Command Button to design multiple Ring Wall. ”Detail Report” Tab is
activated, and Design Result of Ring Wall is displayed.
5. Material Calculation for ‘Tank Foundation’
To calculate Materials for Foundation, click “Take Off Bill of Material” Icon in Toolbar Menu.
Click “Export DXF File” Icon in Toolbar Menu to generate construction drawing.
You can choose a single rebar that you want to calculate for Bar Bending calculation.
You can verify the adjusted value in ‘Standard Tab’ of drawing.
Ex) If you use ‘#-‘, choose ‘ASTM A 615’ and adjust values.