3.

SINGLE STAGE RC COUPLED COMMON EMITTER AMPLIFIER

I. Objectives
The primary objectives of this experiment are to design, test and analyze the RC Coupled
Common Emitter BJT amplifier using potential divider biasing scheme. The students are
expected to (i) draw the frequency response of the amplifier, (ii) measure the lower 3dB point
and upper 3dB point, midband gain and bandwidth of the amplifier, (iii) study the effect of
coupling capacitors and bypass capacitors and (iv) measure the input impedance and output
impedance of the amplifier.

II.Components and Apparatus Required

Transistors, Resistors, Capacitors, Bread board, Connecting wires, Voltmeter, Ammeter,
Regulated Power supply, Function generator, Cathode Ray Oscilloscope, DRBs.

III. Circuit Diagram

IV. Specifications
Stability factor 𝑆𝐼 = 10, 𝑉𝐶𝐶 = 10𝑉, 𝑉𝐵𝐸 = 0.7𝑉, 𝑉𝐶𝐸 = 5𝑉, 𝐼𝐶 = 1.5𝑚𝐴, ℎ𝐹𝐸 = 150, 𝐴𝑣 =
100, ℎ𝑖𝑒 = 3𝐾Ω, 𝑅𝐿 = 10𝐾Ω, 𝐶𝐶 = 𝐶𝑒 = 22µ𝐹, 𝑅𝑆 = .
V. Design Equations
1. 𝑅𝐶 = 𝐴𝑣 ℎ𝑖𝑒 /ℎ𝐹𝐸
2. 𝑉𝐶𝐶 = 𝐼𝐶 𝑅𝐶 + 𝑉𝐶𝐸 + 𝐼𝐸 𝑅𝐸 ; 𝐼𝐸 ≈ 𝐼𝐶
3. 𝐼𝐵 = 𝐼𝐶 /𝛽

1
 (1 + 𝛽)
4. 𝑆𝐼 =
(𝛽𝑅 )
1 + 𝑅 +𝐸𝑅
𝐵 𝐸

5. 𝑉𝐵 = 𝐼𝐵 𝑅𝐵 + 𝑉𝐶𝐸 + 𝐼𝐸 𝑅𝐸
6. 𝑅1 = 𝑉𝐶𝐶 𝑅𝐵 /𝑉𝐵
7. 𝑅2 = (𝑉𝐶𝐶 𝑅𝐵 )/(𝑉𝐶𝐶 − 𝑉𝐵 )

VI. Experimentations
(i) Frequency response of the amplifier

1. Connect the circuit as shown in the figure.

2. Apply a 50mV peak-to-peak sinusoidal signal 𝑉𝑆 with zero dc as input to the amplifier.
3. Observe the input and output waveforms simultaneously on the CRO.
4. Tabulate the amplitudes 𝑉𝑜 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑉𝑆 for frequencies ranging from 0Hz to 100’s of KHz.
𝑉
5. Compute the gain for the readings noted using the formula 𝐴 = 20log(𝑉𝑜 ) and tabulate
𝑆
them.
6. Plot the frequency response of the amplifier in a semilog graph sheet.
7. Note down the lower cut-off frequency (𝑓𝑙 ) and higher cut-off frequency (𝑓ℎ ) in the
graph.
8. Compute the Bandwidth of the amplifier as 𝑓ℎ − 𝑓𝑙 .
9. Note down the mid band gain of the amplifier.

Tabulations:

𝑉𝑆 = ________mV

𝐶𝐶 = 𝐶𝑒 = 22µ𝐹 𝐶𝐶 = 𝐶𝑒 = 0.1µ𝐹

Sl.No 𝑉𝑜 (V) 𝑉𝑜 𝑉
𝐴 = 20log(𝑉𝑜 ) dB Sl.No 𝑉𝑜 (V) 𝑉𝑜 𝑉
𝐴 = 20log(𝑉𝑜 ) dB
𝑆 𝑆
𝑉𝑆 𝑉𝑆
Model graph

(ii) Effect of Coupling and Bypass capacitors

1. Repeat the experiment mentioned above using 𝐶𝐶 = 𝐶𝑒 = 0.1µ𝐹

2. Observe the effect of coupling and bypass capacitors on lower 3dB and upper 3dB
points.

𝑓𝑙 𝑓ℎ 𝑓ℎ − 𝑓𝑙

𝐶𝑒 , 𝐶𝐶 = 0.1𝜇𝐹
 𝐶𝑒 , 𝐶𝐶 = 22𝜇𝐹

(iii) Measure the input and output impedance

Procedure:
 To measure the input impedance
1. Connect the DRB in the place of 𝑅𝑆 at the input side as shown in the above
figure. Do not replace 𝑅𝐿 with DRB.
2. Apply 𝑉𝑆 = 1𝑉(𝑝 − 𝑝), 1𝐾𝐻𝑧
3. By varying the values of 𝑅𝑆 in DRB, measure the voltage between the
terminals B and C. When 𝑅𝑆 is equal to the input resistance 𝑅𝑖𝑛 of the
amplifier, the voltage between the B and C (𝑉𝑖𝑛 ) is half of 𝑉𝑆 . Thus the input
resistance 𝑅𝑖𝑛 is measured.
 To measure the output impedance
1. Replace the DRB with 𝑅𝑆 at the input side and connect DRB in the place of
𝑅𝐿 at the output side.
2. Measure the voltage across D and E without 𝑅𝐿 . Let it be 𝑉𝑜 .
3. Measure the voltage across D and E by varying the values of 𝑅𝐿 using DRB.
When the voltage across D and E is say, 𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 𝑉𝑜 /2, the value of 𝑅𝐿 is equal
to the output resistance (𝑅𝑜𝑢𝑡 ) of the amplifier .
The equations explaining the above procedures are as follows:
𝑉𝑆 𝑅𝑖𝑛 𝐴𝑉𝑆 𝑅𝑖𝑛 𝑅𝐿
𝑉𝑖𝑛 = ,𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 =
𝑅𝑆 +𝑅𝑖𝑛 𝑅𝑆 +𝑅𝑖𝑛 𝑅𝐿 +𝑅𝑜𝑢𝑡
The input impedance of the amplifier is _______________
The output impedance of the amplifier is _______________
VII. Results and Inferences: