A COURSE ON THE

VOCABULARY &
LINGUISTIC BEAUTY
OF SALAH

MEANINGFUL
PRAYER Taught by Shaykh AbdulNasir
Jangda

[Document subtitle]
 1 Introduction
1.01 Salah: Linguistic and Technical Definitions

Linguistic Definition:

▪ ‫ الدعاء للرحمة‬- to pray for mercy ▪ ‫ الصلوان‬- hips "‫"أصلت الفرس‬

▪ ‫ – الصلي‬to burn “‫”صليت العود بالنار‬ ▪ ‫المعرب‬

ّ ‫ – اللفظ‬foreign word meaning prayer

Technical Definition: To worship Allah by means of certain known and prescribed sayings and actions at specified times

▪ ‫ – من هللا‬if Allah is the ‘doer’ then it means to have mercy and grant blessings

He it is who sends blessings on you, as do His angels ‫هو الذي يصلي عليكم ومالئكته‬ 33:43
They are those on whom (descend) blessings from Allah,
‫صلَ َوات ِّمن َّر ِبّ ِه ْم َو َرحْ َمة‬ َ َ‫أُولَـئِك‬
َ ‫علَ ْي ِه ْم‬ 2:157
and mercy

▪ ‫ – من المالئكة‬if the ‘doers’ are the Angels then it means to seek forgiveness

Allah and His angels send blessings on the Prophet ِ‫ي‬ َ َ‫صلُّون‬
ّ ‫علَى النَّ ِب‬ َ ُ‫َّللاَ َو َم َالئِ َكتَهُ ي‬
َّ ‫ِإ َّن‬ 33:56
Those who sustain the Throne (of Allah) and those around
it sing glory and praise to their Lord; believe in Him; and
implore forgiveness for those who believe: "Our Lord! Thy
‫س ِبّحُونَ ِب َح ْم ِد َر ِبّ ِه ْم َويُؤْ مِ نُونَ ِب ِه‬ َ ‫َّالذِينَ َيحْ مِ لُونَ ْال َع ْر‬
َ ُ‫ش َو َم ْن َح ْولَهُ ي‬
‫ش ْيءٍ َّرحْ َمةً َوع ِْلما ً فَا ْغف ِْر‬ َ ‫َويَ ْست َ ْغف ُِرونَ لِلَّذِينَ آ َمنُوا َر َّبنَا َو ِسعْتَ ُك َّل‬ 40:7
reach is over all things, in mercy and knowledge. Forgive,
‫اب ْال َجحِ ِيم‬ َ َ ‫عذ‬ َ ‫سبِيلَكَ َوقِ ِه ْم‬َ ‫لِلَّذِينَ ت َابُوا َواتَّبَعُوا‬
then, those who turn in repentance, and follow Thy path;
and preserve them from the penalty of the Blazing Fire!

▪ ‫ – من اإلنسان‬if the ‘doer’ is a human being it means to worship

For such prayers are enjoined on believers at stated times. ً ‫علَى ْال ُمؤْ مِ نِينَ ِكت َابا ً َّم ْوقُوتا‬ ْ ‫صالَة َ كَان‬
َ ‫َت‬ َّ ‫ِإ َّن ال‬ 4:103
When the call is proclaimed to prayer on Friday (the Day of
‫ص َالةِ مِ ن يَ ْو ِم ْال ُج ُمعَ ِة‬
َّ ‫إِذَا نُودِي لِل‬ 62:9
Assembly)
Their prayer at the House (of Allah) is nothing but whistling ً‫ص ِديَة‬ ِ ‫صالَت ُ ُه ْم عِندَ ْال َب ْي‬
ْ َ‫ت إِالَّ ُمكَاء َوت‬ َ َ‫َو َما َكان‬ 8:35
and clapping of hands

▪ ‫ الفرق بين الصلوة والدعاء‬- the difference between Salah and Dua

1.02 The Importance of Salah

• ‫ فإن صلحت صلح سائر عمله وإن فسدت فسد سائر عمله 'رواه الطبراني‬،‫ أول ما يحاسب عليه العبد يوم القيامة الصالة‬:‫حدبث‬
Rasulullah (SAW) said, “The first matter that the slave will be brought to account for on the Day of Judgment is the prayer.
If it is sound, then the rest of his deeds will be sound. And if it is bad, then the rest of his deeds will be bad." (Recorded by
al-Tabarani)
1. The believers must (eventually) win through,-
2. those who humble themselves In their prayers;
3. who avoid vain talk; ‫) َو َّالذِينَ ُه ْم‬٢( َ‫صالتِ ِه ْم خَا ِشعُون‬ َ ‫) الَّذِينَ ُه ْم فِي‬١( َ‫قَ ْد أ َ ْفلَ َح ْال ُمؤْ مِ نُون‬
4. who are active In deeds of charity;
5. who abstain from sex, ‫) َوالَّذِينَ ُه ْم‬٤( َ‫ِلزكَاةِ فَا ِعلُون‬
َّ ‫) َوالَّذِينَ ُه ْم ل‬٣( َ‫ع ِن اللَّ ْغ ِو ُم ْع ِرضُون‬ َ 23:1-11
6. except with those joined to them In the marriage bond, ‫َت أ َ ْي َمانُ ُه ْم فَإِنَّ ُه ْم‬ ِ ‫علَى أ َ ْز َو‬
ْ ‫اج ِه ْم ْأو َما َملَك‬ ُ ِ‫وج ِه ْم َحاف‬
َ ‫) إِال‬٥( َ‫ظون‬ ِ ‫ِلفُ ُر‬
or (the captives) whom their right hands possess,- for (in
َ‫) َو َّالذِين‬٧( َ‫) فَ َم ِن ا ْبتَغَى َو َرا َء ذَلِكَ فَأُو َلئِكَ ُه ُم ْال َعادُون‬٦( َ‫غي ُْر َملُومِ ين‬ َ
their case) They are free from blame,
7. but those whose desires exceed those limits are ُ ‫صلَ َواتِ ِه ْم يُ َحا ِف‬
َ‫ظون‬ َ ‫) َوالَّذِينَ ُه ْم‬٨( َ‫ع ْه ِد ِه ْم َراعُون‬
َ ‫علَى‬ َ ‫ُه ْم أل َمانَاتِ ِه ْم َو‬
transgressors;-
8. those who faithfully observe their Trusts and their َ ‫) الَّذِينَ يَ ِرثُونَ ْالف ِْردَ ْو‬١٠( َ‫) أُولَئِكَ ُه ُم ْال َو ِارثُون‬٩(
َ‫س ُه ْم فِي َها خَا ِلدُون‬
covenants; )١١(
9. and who (strictly) guard their prayers;-
10. these will be the heirs,
11. Who will inherit Paradise: They will dwell therein (for
ever).
38. Every soul will be (held) In pledge for its deeds.
39. except the companions of the right hand.
40. (They will be) In Gardens (of delight): They will question
Each other, ‫ت‬ ِ ِ‫اب ْاليَم‬
ٍ ‫) فِي َجنَّا‬٣٩( ‫ين‬ ْ َ ‫) إِال أ‬٣٨( ‫ت َرهِينَة‬
َ ‫ص َح‬ َ ‫ُك ُّل نَ ْف ٍس بِ َما َك‬
ْ َ‫سب‬
41. and (ask) of the sinners: ‫) قَالُوا َل ْم‬٤٢( ‫سقَ َر‬ َ ‫) َما‬٤١( َ‫ع ِن ْال ُمجْ ِرمِ ين‬
َ ‫سلَ َك ُك ْم فِي‬ َ )٤٠( َ‫سا َءلُون‬ َ َ ‫يَت‬ 78:38-47
42. "What led you into Hell Fire?"
ُ ‫) َو ُكنَّا نَ ُخ‬٤٤( َ‫ط ِع ُم ْالمِ ْسكِين‬
‫وض َم َع‬ ْ ُ‫) َولَ ْم نَكُ ن‬٤٣( َ‫ص ِّلين‬ َ ‫نَكُ مِ نَ ْال ُم‬
43. They will say: "We were not of those who prayed;
44. "Nor were we of those who fed the indigent; )٤٧( ُ‫) َحتَّى أَت َانَا ْاليَ ِقين‬٤٦( ‫ّين‬ ِ ‫) َو ُكنَّا نُ َك ِذّبُ بِيَ ْو ِم ال ِد‬٤٥( َ‫ِضين‬ ِ ‫ْالخَائ‬
45. "But we used to talk vanities with vain talkers;
46. "And we used to deny the Day of Judgment,
47. "Until there came to us (the hour) that is certain."

• Chain Reaction – Domino Effect

• Symmetry of Qur’an and Sunnah

1.03 The Description of Salah in the Qur’an

Thus, have we made of you an Ummat justly balanced, that
ye might be witnesses over the nations, and the
Messenger a witness over yourselves; and we appointed
the Qibla to which Thou was used, only to test those who
followed the Messenger from those who would turn on ‫ُضي َع ِإي َمانَ ُك ْم‬ َّ َ‫َو َما َكان‬
ِ ‫َّللاُ ِلي‬ 2:143
their heels (from the Faith). Indeed it was (A change)
momentous, except to those guided by Allah. And never
would Allah make your Faith of no effect. For Allah is to all
people Most surely full of kindness, Most Merciful.
Guard strictly your (habit of) prayers, especially the Middle
َ‫َوقُو ُموا ِ َّلِلِ قَانِتِين‬ 2:238
prayer; and stand before Allah In a devout (frame of mind)

Verily, I am Allah. there is no god but I: so serve Thou me

(only), and establish regular prayer for celebrating My َّ ‫َوأَق ِِم ال‬
‫صالة َ ِل ِذ ْك ِري‬ 20:14
praise
And He hath made me Blessed wheresoever I be, and hath َّ ‫صال ِة َو‬
‫الزكَا ِة َما د ُْمتُ َحيًّا‬ َ ‫َوأ َ ْو‬
َّ ‫صانِي ِبال‬ 19:31
enjoined on me prayer and charity As long As I live
Of their goods, take alms, that so Thou mightest purify and َ ُ ‫صدَقَةً ت‬
َ ‫علَ ْي ِه ْم إِ َّن‬
َ‫صالتَك‬ َ ‫ط ِ ّه ُر ُه ْم َوتُزَ ِ ّكي ِه ْم بِ َها َو‬
َ ‫ص ِّل‬ َ ‫ُخ ْذ مِ ْن أ َ ْم َوا ِل ِه ْم‬
sanctify them; and pray on their behalf. Verily Thy prayers 9:103
)١٠٣( ‫علِيم‬
َ ‫سمِ يع‬ َّ ‫سكَن لَ ُه ْم َو‬
َ ُ‫َّللا‬ َ
are a source of security for them: and Allah is one who
heareth and knoweth

1.04 What is Khushu’?

• Definition of ‫ – خشوع‬to feel humbled and overwhelmed in such a manner that the body exhibits the signs of this fear e.g.
On that Day will they follow the Caller (straight): no
crookedness (can they show) him: all sounds shall humble
themselves in the presence of (Allah) Most Gracious: ً ‫ِلرحْ َم ِن فَال ت َ ْس َم ُع ِإال ه َْم‬
‫سا‬ َّ ‫ت األص َْواتُ ل‬ ِ ‫ش َع‬
َ ‫َو َخ‬ 20:108
nothing shalt thou hear but the tramp of their feet (as
they march)
Their eyes will be cast down,- ignominy will cover them;
seeing that they had been summoned aforetime to bow ‫ار ُه ْم ت َْر َهقُ ُه ْم ذِلَّة‬
ُ ‫ص‬ َ ‫خَا ِشعَةً أ َ ْب‬ 68:43
in adoration, while they were whole, (and had refused)
Some faces, that Day, will be humiliated, ‫ُو ُجوه يَ ْو َمئِ ٍذ خَا ِش َعة‬ 88:2
And among His Signs in this: thou seest the earth barren
and desolate; but when we send down rain to it, it is
stirred to life and yields increase. Truly, He who gives life ً‫ض خَا ِش َعة‬ ْ ‫َومِ ْن آ َيا ِت ِه أَنَّكَ ت ََرى‬
َ ‫األر‬ 41:39
to the (dead) earth can surely give life to (men) who are
dead, for He has power over all things
Had we sent down This Qur'an on a mountain, Verily,
thou wouldst have seen it humble itself and cleave
َ َ‫لَ ْو أ َ ْنزَ ْلنَا َهذَا ْالقُ ْرآن‬
‫علَى َجبَ ٍل لَ َرأ َ ْيتَهُ َخا ِش ًعا‬ 59:21
asunder for fear of Allah. such are the similitudes which
we propound to men, that They may reflect
And Thou wilt see them brought forward to the (Penalty),
In a humble frame of mind because of (their) disgrace,
(and) looking with a stealthy glance and the believers will
say: "Those are indeed In loss, who have given to ٍ‫ي‬
ّ ‫ط ْرفٍ َخ ِف‬ ُ ‫علَ ْي َها خَا ِشعِينَ مِ نَ الذُّ ِّل يَ ْن‬
َ ‫ظ ُرونَ مِ ْن‬ َ َ‫َوت ََرا ُه ْم يُ ْع َرضُون‬ 42:45
perdition their own selves and those belonging to them
on the Day of Judgment. Behold! truly the wrong-doers
are In a lasting Penalty!”

• Near-synonyms of ‫خشوع‬:
▪ ‫خوف‬ Allah said, "Seize it, and fear not: we shall return it at
‫ِيرت َ َها األولَى‬
َ ‫سنُعِيدُهَا س‬ ْ ‫قَا َل ُخ ْذهَا َوال تَخ‬
َ ‫َف‬ 20:21
once to its former condition"
▪ ‫خشية‬ And so amongst men and crawling creatures and cattle,
are They of various colors. those truly fear Allah, among
‫َّللاَ مِ ْن ِعبَا ِد ِه ْالعُلَ َما ُء‬
َّ ‫إِنَّ َما يَ ْخشَى‬ 35:28
His slaves, who have knowledge: for Allah is Exalted In
Might, Oft-Forgiving

1.05 The Importance of Khushu’

▪ ‫مؤمنون‬ vs ‫مصلّون‬

2. For, believers are those who, when Allah is mentioned,

feel a tremor In their hearts, and when they hear His Signs
rehearsed, find their Faith strengthened, and put (all) their ُ‫ع َل ْي ِه ْم آيَاتُه‬ ْ َ‫ت قُلُوبُ ُه ْم َوإِذَا ت ُ ِلي‬
َ ‫ت‬ َّ ‫إِنَّ َما ْال ُمؤْ مِ نُونَ الَّذِينَ إِذَا ذُك َِر‬
ْ َ‫َّللاُ َو ِجل‬
trust in their Lord; ‫صالة َ َومِ َّما‬ َّ ‫) الَّذِينَ يُقِي ُمونَ ال‬٢( َ‫علَى َربِّ ِه ْم َيت ََو َّكلُون‬ َ ‫زَ ادَتْ ُه ْم إِي َمانًا َو‬
3. who establish regular prayers and spend (freely) out of 8:2-4
‫) أُولَئِكَ ُه ُم ْال ُمؤْ مِ نُونَ َحقًّا لَ ُه ْم دَ َر َجات ِع ْندَ َر ِّب ِه ْم‬٣( َ‫َرزَ ْقنَا ُه ْم يُ ْن ِفقُون‬
the gifts we have given them for sustenance:
4. such In truth are the believers: They have grades of )٤( ‫َو َم ْغف َِرة َو ِر ْزق ك َِريم‬
dignity with their Lord, and forgiveness, and generous
sustenance
19. Truly man was created very impatient;-
20. fretful when evil touches him;
21. and miserly when good reaches him;-
22. not so those devoted to Prayer;- َّ ‫) َو ِإذَا َم‬٢٠( ‫ش ُّر َج ُزوعًا‬
ُ‫سه‬ َّ ‫سهُ ال‬َّ ‫) ِإذَا َم‬١٩( ‫سانَ ُخلِقَ َهلُوعًا‬َ ‫ِإ َّن اإل ْن‬
23. those who remain steadfast to their prayer; َ ‫) َّالذِينَ ُه ْم‬٢٢( َ‫ص ِّلين‬
َ ‫علَى‬
َ‫صال ِت ِه ْم دَا ِئ ُمون‬ َ ‫) ِإال ْال ُم‬٢١( ‫ْال َخي ُْر َمنُوعًا‬
24. and those in whose wealth is a recognized right.
ِ ‫) لِلسَّائِ ِل َو ْال َمحْ ُر‬٢٤( ‫) َوالَّذِينَ فِي أ َ ْم َوا ِل ِه ْم َحق َم ْعلُوم‬٢٣(
)٢٥( ‫وم‬
25. for the (needy) who asks and Him who is prevented (for
some reason from asking); َ‫ب َر ِّب ِه ْم ُم ْش ِفقُون‬
ِ ‫عذَا‬ َ ‫) َو َّالذِينَ ُه ْم مِ ْن‬٢٦( ‫ّين‬ ِ ‫ص ِدّقُونَ ِبيَ ْو ِم ال ِد‬َ ُ‫َوالَّذِينَ ي‬
26. and those who hold to the truth of the Day of َ‫ظون‬ُ ‫وج ِه ْم َحا ِف‬ ِ ‫) َو َّالذِينَ ُه ْم ِلفُ ُر‬٢٨( ‫ون‬ ٍ ‫غي ُْر َمأ ْ ُم‬ َ َ ‫عذ‬
َ ‫اب َر ِّب ِه ْم‬ َ ‫) ِإ َّن‬٢٧( 70:19-35
judgment;
27. and those who fear the displeasure of their Lord,- ‫) فَ َم ِن‬٣٠( َ‫غي ُْر َملُومِ ين‬ َ ‫َت أ َ ْي َمانُ ُه ْم فَإِنَّ ُه ْم‬
ْ ‫اج ِه ْم أ َ ْو َما َملَك‬
ِ ‫علَى أ َ ْز َو‬
َ ‫) إِال‬٢٩(
28. for their Lord's displeasure is the opposite of peace and ‫ع ْه ِد ِه ْم‬ ُ
َ ‫) َو َّالذِينَ ُه ْم أل َمانَاتِ ِه ْم َو‬٣١( َ‫ا ْبتَغَى َو َرا َء ذَلِكَ َفأولَئِكَ ُه ُم ْالعَادُون‬
tranquility;-
‫علَى‬ َ ‫) َو َّالذِينَ ُه ْم‬٣٣( َ‫ش َها َداتِ ِه ْم قَائِ ُمون‬ َ ‫) َو َّالذِينَ ُه ْم ِب‬٣٢( َ‫َراعُون‬
29. and those who guard their chastity,
30. except with their wives and the (captives) whom their ٍ ‫) أُولَئِكَ فِي َجنَّا‬٣٤( َ‫ظون‬
)٣٥( َ‫ت ُم ْك َر ُمون‬ ُ ِ‫صالتِ ِه ْم يُ َحاف‬
َ
right hands possess,- for (then) They are not to be blamed,
31. but those who trespass beyond This are transgressors;-
32. and those who respect their Trusts and covenants;
 33. and those who stand firm In their testimonies;
34. and those who guard (the sacredness) of their
worship;-
35. Such will be the honored ones In the Gardens (of Bliss).
4. so woe to the worshippers
5. who are neglectful of their prayers,
)٥( َ‫سا ُهون‬
َ ‫صالتِ ِه ْم‬ َ ‫فَ َويْل ل ِْل ُم‬
َ ‫) الَّذِينَ ُه ْم‬٤( َ‫ص ِلّين‬
َ ‫ع ْن‬ 107:4-6
)٦( َ‫الَّذِينَ ُه ْم ي َُرا ُءون‬
6. those who (want but) to be seen (of men)

‫ إحسان‬vs ‫رياء‬

The hypocrites - they think they are over-reaching Allah,

but He will over-reach them: when They stand up to َّ َ‫اس َوال َي ْذ ُك ُرون‬
‫َّللاَ إِال‬ َ َّ‫سا َلى ي َُرا ُءونَ الن‬ َّ ‫َوإِذَا قَا ُموا إِلَى ال‬
َ ‫صالةِ قَا ُموا ُك‬ 4:142
prayer, they stand without earnestness, to be seen of men, ‫قَلِيال‬
but little do they hold Allah In remembrance
That you worship Allah as if you see Him, for if you don't ‫حدبث‬
‫ فإن لم تكن تراه فإنه يراك‬، ‫أن تعبد هللا كأنك تراه‬
see Him then truly He sees you ‫جبريل‬

▪ Degrees of Success

O ye who believe! bow down, prostrate yourselves, and ‫ار َكعُوا َوا ْس ُجدُوا َوا ْعبُدُوا َربَّ ُك ْم َوا ْفعَلُوا ْال َخي َْر لَعَلَّ ُك ْم‬
ْ ‫يَا أَيُّ َها الَّذِينَ آ َمنُوا‬
ْ ُ 22:77
adore your Lord; and do good; that ye may prosper )٧٧( َ‫تف ِلحُون‬
1. The believers must (eventually) win through,
2. those who humble themselves In their prayers َ ‫)الَّذِينَ ُه ْم فِي‬١( َ‫قَ ْد أ َ ْفلَ َح ْال ُمؤْ مِ نُون‬
)٢( َ‫صال ِت ِه ْم خَا ِشعُون‬ 23:1-2

‫ ما‬،‫ وركوعها إال كانت كفارة لما قبلها من الذنوب‬،‫ وخشوعها‬،‫ فيحسن وضوءها‬،‫ ((ما من امرئ مسلم تحضره صالة مكتوبة‬:‫ سمعت رسول هللا يقول‬:‫حديث عثمان قال‬
‫ وذلك الدهر كلّه)) رواه مسلم‬،‫ت كبيرة‬
ِ ‫لم يأ‬

The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “There is no Muslim man who, when the time for a prescribed
prayer comes, he does wudoo’ properly, has the proper attitude of khushoo’, and bows properly, but it will be an expiation for all
his previous sins, so long as they were not major sins (kabeerah).And this is the case for life” (Reported by Muslim)

1.06 The Pre-Requisites for Khushu’

• Change of Lifestyle:
o Leaving Sins and Haram
o Increase in Practice of Sunan and Mustahabbat
o Decrease in vain and unnecessary indulgences
o Increase in Recitation and Study of the Qur’an

• Preparing for Salah:

o Free yourself up
o Perform Salah at the preferred times (no delaying)
o Wudhu properly
o Siwak or Miswak
o Masjid
o Adhan
o Congregation
o Relax
o Ask for Allah’s help

• While performing Salah:

o Keep eyes fixed at prescribed places
o Observe the postures of Salah properly
o Focus on Meaning of what is recited in Salah
 1.07 Our Approach to Salah Vocabulary

• Study of Roots, Conjugations, and Derivatives

• Near Synonyms and Implications of Word Choice
• Usage of the Word in Qur’an and Sunnah
• Sentence Structure and Eloquence
• Deeper Meanings
 2 Opening
2.01 The Takbeer

Allah is the Greatest - ‫َّللاُ أ ْكبَ ُر‬

َّ

‫أ َ ْكبَ ُر‬ َّ
ُ‫َّللا‬

• ‫ لفظ الجاللة‬- ‫ إسم الذات‬: Difference of opinion about the origin of the word ‫َّللا‬ ّ
1. Not derived from any root, rather the unique name of the Divinity
2. Derived from either one of the following roots:
a) ُ‫ أَلَهَ يَأْلَه‬- to worship, to be enslaved to
b) ُ‫ َو ِلهَ يَ ِله‬- to be overwhelmed by shock or amazement
c) ُ‫ يَ ِل ْيه‬, ُ‫ – الَهَ يَلُ ْوه‬to create, to be high, to be hidden

* Rule: in Arabic a word is assumed to be jamid unless proven otherwise

• ‫ تفخيم‬- full-mouth
• Comparative – not Superlative and open-ended?
2.02 Opening Supplications

‫طاياي ِب ْالماءِ والث َّ ْلجِ والبَ َر ِد‬

َ ‫ي كَما يُنَ َّقى الث َّ ْوبُ األ ْب َيض ُمِ نَ الدَّنَ ِس اللّٰ ُه َّم ا ْغ ِس ْلنِ ْي مِ ْن َخ‬ ِ ‫ق َو ْال َم ْغ ِر‬
َ َ ‫ اللّٰ ُه َّم نَ ِّقنِ ْي مِ ْن خَطايا‬،‫ب‬ ِ ‫ع ْدتَ بَيْنَ ْال َم ْش ِر‬ ‫اللّٰ ُه َّم با ِع ْد َب ْينِ ْي َوبَيْنَ خ‬
َ ‫َطاياي كَما با‬
َ
O Allah, distance me from my sins just as You have distanced The East from The West, O Allah, purify me of my sins as a white
robe is purified of filth, O Allah, cleanse me of my sins with snow, water, and ice.’

‫خطاياي‬ ‫وبين‬ ‫بيني‬ ‫باعد‬ ‫اللهم‬

Your comments here
‫والمغرب‬ ‫المشرق‬ ‫بين‬ ‫باعدت‬ ‫كما‬

‫كما‬ ‫خطاياي‬ ‫من‬ ‫نقني‬ ‫اللهم‬

‫الدنس‬ ‫من‬ ‫األبيض‬ ‫الثوب‬ ‫ينقى‬

‫بالماء‬ ‫خطاياي‬ ‫من‬ ‫اغسلني‬ ‫اللهم‬

‫والبرد‬ ‫والثلج‬

• ‫ الله ّم‬- double uniqueness

• ‫ بين‬- 3 implications:
1. ‫ إفتراق‬- separation
2. ‫ بعد‬- distance
3. ‫ وضوح‬- clarity
• ‫ مغرب‬- wordplay
• Eloquence of the Prophet (pbuh) and the use of Imagery

َ‫غي ُْرك‬ ٰ ‫َعالى َجدُّكَ َو‬

َ َ‫آلإله‬ َ ‫سبْحٰ نَكَ اللّٰ ُه َّم َوبِ َح ْمدِكَ َوت‬
ٰ ‫َباركَ ا ْس ُمكَ َوت‬ ُ
How perfect You are O Allah, and I praise You. Blessed be Your name, and lofty is Your position and none has the right to be
worshipped except You.

‫اسمك‬ ‫وتبارك‬ ‫وبحمد ك‬ ‫اللهم‬ ‫سبحانك‬

 Your comments here

‫غيرك‬ ‫إله‬ ‫وال‬ ‫جدك‬ ‫وتعالي‬

• ‫سبحان‬
o Linguistically, 2 opinions:
1. Foreign word
2. From the root of ‫ س ب ح‬- to swim
o Islamically – to proclaim Allah to be far and free from any shortcomings or blemishes
• Function and usage of the letter ‫ب‬
• Grammatical understanding of ‫وبحمدك‬
• Definition and Concept of Barakah
• Spiritual implications of ‫وتبارك اسمك‬
• Deeper meaning of ‫تعالي‬
• ‫ – غير‬wordplay

َ‫ش ِر ْيكَ لَهُ َوبِ ٰذ ِلكَ أ ُمِ ْرتُ َوأ َنا مِ نَ ْال ُم ْس ِلمِ ْين‬
َ ‫ ال‬، َ‫ياي َو َمماتِ ْي ِ ّٰلِلِ َربّ ِ ْالعالَمِ ْين‬ َ ‫ إِ َّن‬، َ‫ض َحنِ ْيفا ً َوما أنا مِ نَ ْال ُم ْش ِر ِك ْين‬
ُ ُ‫صالتِ ْي َون‬
َ ْ‫س ِك ْي َو َمح‬ َ ‫ت َو ْاأل َ ْر‬
ِ ‫سمٰ وا‬ ْ ‫ي ِللَّ ِذ‬
َ ‫ي َف‬
َّ ‫ط َر ال‬ َ ‫َو َّج ْهتُ َوجْ ِه‬
I have turned my face sincerely towards He who has brought forth the heavens and the Earth and I am not of those who associate
(others with Allah). Indeed my prayer, my sacrifice, my life and my death are for Allah, Lord of the worlds, no partner has He, with
this I am commanded and I am of the Muslims

‫السموات‬ ‫فطر‬ ‫للذي‬ ‫وجهي‬ ‫وجهت‬

‫من‬ ‫أنا‬ ‫وما‬ ً ‫حنيفا‬ ‫واألرض‬

‫ومحياي‬ ُ ُ‫ون‬
‫سكي‬ ‫صالتي‬ ‫إن‬ ‫المشركين‬

‫ال‬ ‫العالمين‬ ‫رب‬ ‫هلل‬ ‫ومماتي‬

‫وأنا‬ ‫أمرت‬ ‫وبذلك‬ ‫له‬ ‫شريك‬

‫المسلمين‬ ‫من‬

• Grammatical use of wajh

• ‫ فطر‬and its near synonyms:

‫ذرأ‬ ‫أنشأ‬ ‫بدع‬ ‫برأ‬ ‫خلق‬

• Deeper meaning of hanif and its derivatives

• 3:67 - Abraham was not a Jew nor yet a Christian; but He was true In Faith, and bowed His will to Allah’s (which is Islam),
and He joined not gods with Allah
)٦٧( َ‫َما َكانَ إِب َْراهِي ُم يَ ُهو ِديًّا َوال َنص َْرانِيًّا َولَ ِك ْن َكانَ َحنِيفًا ُم ْس ِل ًما َو َما كَانَ مِ نَ ْال ُم ْش ِركِين‬
 • ُ ُ‫ن‬
Combination of ‫ صالتي‬and ‫سكي‬
• ‫ محياي‬from ‫( حياة‬hayat) - wordplay
• Balance of Ibrahim’s statement

2.03 Isti’adhah

‫الر ِجي ِْم‬ ِ ‫أع ُْوذُ باهللِ مِ نَ ال َّشي‬

َّ ‫ْطان‬

I seek refuge with Allah from satan the rejected one

‫أعوذ باهلل من الشيطان الرجيم من همزه ونفخه ونفثه‬

I seek refuge with Allah from satan the rejected one, from his madness, his arrogance, and his poetry

‫الرجيم‬ ‫الشيطان‬ ‫من‬ ‫باهلل‬ ‫أعوذ‬

‫ونفثه‬ ‫ونفخه‬ ‫همزه‬ ‫من‬

• 16:98 - when Thou dost read the Qur'an, seek Allah’s protection from Satan the rejected one.

)٩٨( ‫الر ِج ِيم‬

َّ ‫ان‬
ِ ‫ط‬ َّ ‫فَإِذَا قَ َرأْتَ ْالقُ ْرآنَ فَا ْست َ ِع ْذ ِب‬
َ ‫الِلِ مِ نَ ال َّش ْي‬

• Dual threat – dual solution

o 2 enemies: 6:112 - likewise did we make for every Messenger an enemy, - evil ones among men and jinns, inspiring
Each other with flowery discourses by way of deception. If Thy Lord had so planned, they would not have done it:
so leave them and their inventions alone.

)١١٢( َ‫ورا َولَ ْو شَا َء َربُّكَ َما فَ َعلُوهُ فَذَ ْر ُه ْم َو َما يَ ْفت َُرون‬ ُ ‫ف ْالقَ ْو ِل‬
ً ‫غ ُر‬ ُ ‫شيَاطِ ينَ اإل ْن ِس َو ْال ِج ِّن يُوحِ ي بَ ْع‬
ٍ ‫ض ُه ْم ِإلَى بَ ْع‬
َ ‫ض ُز ْخ ُر‬ َ ‫عد ًُّوا‬ ّ ‫َو َكذَلِكَ َج َع ْلنَا ِل ُك ِّل َن ِب‬
َ ٍ‫ي‬

o 2 solutions:
a) 41:34 - nor can goodness and evil be equal. Repel (evil) with what is better: then will He between whom
and Thee was hatred become as it were Thy friend and intimate!

َ ُ‫سنُ فَإِذَا الَّذِي َب ْينَكَ َوبَ ْينَه‬

)٣٤( ‫عدَ َاوة َكأَنَّهُ َولِي َحمِ يم‬ َ ‫َوال ت َ ْست َ ِوي ْال َح‬
َ ‫س َنةُ َوال ال َّسيِّئَةُ ا ْدفَ ْع بِالَّتِي ه‬
َ ْ‫ِي أَح‬

b) 23:97-98 - and say "O My Lord! I seek refuge with Thee from the suggestions of the evil ones. And I seek
refuge with Thee O My Lord! Lest they should come near me."

ِ ‫ب أ َ ْن َيحْ ض ُُر‬
)٩٨( ‫ون‬ ِ ّ ‫) َوأَعُوذُ ِبكَ َر‬٩٧( ‫ين‬ ِ ‫ب أَعُوذُ ِبكَ مِ ْن َه َمزَ ا‬
َّ ‫ت ال‬
ِ ِ‫شيَاط‬ ِ ّ ‫َوقُ ْل َر‬

• When feeling angry or fighting evil thoughts or inclinations

2.04 The Basmalah

)١( ‫الرحِ ِيم‬

َّ ‫الرحْ َم ِن‬ َّ ‫ِبس ِْم‬
َّ ِ‫َّللا‬
In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful

‫الرحِ ِيم‬
َّ ‫الرحْ َم ِن‬
َّ َّ
ِ‫َّللا‬ ‫بِس ِْم‬
• ‫البسملة من سنن األنبياء‬
• Origin of ‫ إسم‬- 2 opinions:
o From the root of ‫ س م و‬- to elevate
o From the root of ‫ و س م‬- to brand or mark
• Deeper meanings of the words ‫ رحمان‬and ‫ رحيم‬:
o ‫( بدل‬substitutes) or ‫( نعت‬adjectives)?

o Difference between them:

a) Both words are indicative of abundance in mercy. However, ‫ رحمان‬is greater than ‫رحيم‬
b) ‫ رحمان‬- merciful to believers and unbelievers in this world
‫ رحيم‬- merciful specifically to the believers in this world and the hereafter
c) ‫ رحمان‬- alludes to abundance of mercy
‫ رحيم‬- indicates constancy in mercy

• Hadith: “Any act of significance that is not started by saying Bismillah is devoid of blessing.”
 3 Phrases
3.01 Remembrance in the Ruku’

How perfect my Lord is, The Supreme - ‫ي ْال َعظِ ْي ِم‬

َ ّ‫س ْبحانَ َر ِب‬
ُ

‫العظيم‬ ‫ربي‬ ‫سبحان‬

• Implications of ‫عظيم‬
• Difference between ‫ كبير‬and ‫عظيم‬
• Association of t’adhim with ruku’

ُّ ‫سبُّ ْوح قُدُّ ْوس َربُّ ْال َمالئِ َك ِة‬

Perfect and Holy (He is), Lord of the angels and the Ruuh (i.e. Jibraa’eel) - ِ‫والر ْوح‬ ُ

‫والروح‬ ‫المالئكة‬ ‫رب‬ ‫قدوس‬ ‫سبوح‬

• Sequence of subbuhun, quddusun

• Connection between subbuhun, quddusun:

1. ‫ سبوح‬- words, ‫ قدوس‬- actions
2. ‫ سبوح‬- deeds, ‫ قدوس‬- belief
3. ‫ سبوح‬- describing Allah himself, ‫ قدوس‬- describing how we should worship Allah
• Origin of the word ‫( مالئكة‬mala’ikah)

• Comprehensiveness and versatility of the word ‫( روح‬ruh)

• ‫ روح‬- wordplay

ْ ِ‫وال ِك ْب ِرياء‬
َ َ‫والع‬
‫ظ َم ِة‬ ْ ‫ت‬ ِ ‫ت َو ْال َملَ ُك ْو‬
ِ ‫ي ْال َجبَ ُر ْو‬
ْ ‫س ْبحانَ ِذ‬
ُ

How perfect He is, The Possessor of total power, sovereignty, magnificence and grandeur

‫الجبروت‬ ‫ذي‬ ‫سبحان‬

‫والعظمة‬ ‫والكبرياء‬ ‫والملكوت‬

• Deeper meaning of the word ‫( جبر‬jabr) and its derivatives

• ‫ بزيادة الحروف يزيد المعني‬- by increasing the letters in a derivative the meaning increases
‫•‬ ‫‪ (malakut) in the Qur’an‬ملكوت‬

‫‪3.02‬‬ ‫’‪Standing up from Ruku‬‬

‫سمِ َع هللاُ ِل َم ْن َحمِ دَهُ ‪May Allah answer he who praises Him -‬‬
‫َ‬

‫حمده‬ ‫لمن‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫سمع‬

‫•‬ ‫‪ (sami’a) – wordplay‬سمع‬

‫(اللّٰ ُه َّم) َربَّنا ( َو) لَكَ ْال َح ْمدُ ‪(O Allah) Our Lord, (and) for You is all praise -‬‬

‫الحمد‬ ‫لك‬ ‫و‬ ‫ربنا‬ ‫اللهم‬

‫•‬ ‫‪4 narrations‬‬

‫باركا ً فيه ‪an abundant beautiful blessed praise -‬‬

‫ط ِّيبا ً ُم َ‬
‫َح ْمدا ً َكثِ ْيرا ً َ‬
‫فيه‬ ‫مباركا ً‬ ‫طيبا ً‬ ‫كثيراً‬ ‫حمدا ً‬

‫•‬ ‫)‪ (maful mutlaq‬مفعول مطلق ‪Benefits of‬‬

‫•‬ ‫‪ in the Qur’an‬كثر ‪Derivatives of‬‬
‫•‬ ‫‪ and its usage in the Qur’an and Sunnah e.g.‬طيب ‪Versatility of‬‬
‫‪o 2:168, 39:73, 13:29, 7:58, 22:24, 35:10, 24:26, 3:38, 14:24, 16:97, 61:12, 5:5‬‬
‫قال رسول هللا لع ّمار‪ :‬مرحبا بالطيّب المطيّب ‪o‬‬
‫قال أبو بكر حينما توفي النبي‪ :‬بأبي أنت وأمي طبت حيا وطبت ميتا ‪o‬‬
‫فطوبى للغرباء ‪o‬‬

‫ش ْيءٍ بَ ْعدُ‬ ‫ت َومِ ْل َء ْاأل َ ْر ِ‬

‫ض َوما بَ ْينَ ُهما َومِ ْل َء ما ِشئْتَ مِ ْن َ‬ ‫مِ ْل َء ال َّ‬
‫سمٰ وا ِ‬
The heavens and the Earth and all between them abound with Your praises, and all that You will abounds with Your praises

‫بينهما‬ ‫وما‬ ‫األرض‬ ‫وملء‬ ‫السموات‬ ‫ملء‬

‫بعد‬ ‫شئ‬ ‫من‬ ‫شئت‬ ‫ما‬ ‫وملء‬

• ‫( مأل‬mala’) – ruling party or group

• ‫ شاء‬- appropriate usage and near synonyms:
‫رغب‬ ‫بغي‬ ‫إشتهى‬ ‫أراد‬

3.03 Remembrance in the Sujud

ٰ ‫س ْبحانَ َربِّي األ َ ْع‬

How perfect my Lord is, The Most High - ‫لى‬ ُ

‫األعلى‬ ‫ربي‬ ‫سبحان‬

• Correlation between the posture of Sujud and what is said in it

3.04 Supplication between the Sujud

ْ ‫ار ُز ْق ِن ْي‬
‫وارفَ ْع ِن ْي‬ ْ ‫اللّٰ ُه َّم ا ْغ ِف ْر ِل ْي َو‬
ْ ‫ار َح ْم ِن ْي َوا ْه ِد ِن ْي َواجْ بُ ْر ِن ْي وعا ِف ِن ْي َو‬
O Allah, forgive me, have mercy upon me, guide me, enrich me, give me health, grant me sustenance and raise my rank

‫واهدني‬ ‫وارحمني‬ ‫اغفرلي‬ ‫اللهم‬

‫وارفعني‬ ‫وارزقني‬ ‫وعافني‬ ‫واجبرني‬

• ‫ غفر‬- near synonyms:

ّ
‫حطة‬ ‫كفّر‬ ‫تجاوز‬ ‫تصدّق‬ ‫صفح‬ ‫عفو‬

• ‫ غفر‬- wordplay
• ‫ هداية‬- wordplay
• ‫ – عفو‬real meaning:
o ً ُ ‫غف‬
)٩٩( ‫ورا‬ َ ‫عفُ ًّوا‬
َ ُ‫َّللا‬ َ ‫َّللاُ أ َ ْن َي ْعفُ َو‬
َّ َ‫ع ْن ُه ْم َو َكان‬ َّ ‫سى‬ َ َ‫فَأُو َلئِك‬
َ ‫ع‬
4:99 - for these, there is hope that Allah will forgive: for Allah doth Blot out (sins) and forgive again and again.
 o "‫" واعفوا اللحاء‬:‫ وفي السنة‬- “leave your beards”
o ‫ عفت الدار‬: ‫ ويقال‬- “the house was abandoned”
• Broadness of the word ‫ رزق‬-
o )٥( َ‫الريَاحِ آيَات ِلقَ ْو ٍم يَ ْع ِقلُون‬
ّ ِ ِ‫ض بَ ْعدَ َم ْوتِ َها َوتَص ِْريف‬ ْ ‫ق فَأَحْ يَا ِب ِه‬
َ ‫األر‬ ٍ ‫س َماءِ مِ ْن ِر ْز‬
َّ ‫َّللاُ مِ نَ ال‬ ِ ‫اختِالفِ اللَّ ْي ِل َوالنَّ َه‬
َّ ‫ار َو َما أ َ ْنزَ َل‬ ْ ‫َو‬
45:5 - and In the alternation of night and Day, and the fact that Allah Sends down sustenance from the sky, and
revives therewith the earth after its death, and In the change of the winds,- are Signs for those that are wise.
o )٨٢( َ‫َوت َجْ َعلُونَ ِر ْزقَ ُك ْم أَنَّ ُك ْم ت ُ َك ِذّبُون‬
56:82 - and have ye made it your livelihood that ye should declare it false?
o َ ‫س َماءِ ِر ْزقُ ُك ْم َو َما تُو‬
)٢٢( َ‫عدُون‬ َّ ‫َوفِي ال‬
51:22 - and In heaven is your sustenance, As (also) that which ye are promised.
• ‫ رفع‬- wordplay
 4 Sitting

4.01 Testimony of Faith

There are multiple narrations regarding the Tashahhud with minor variations.

Tashahhud of Ibn Masud – ‫تشهد إبن مسعود‬

ُ‫ع ْبدُه‬ ّٰ ‫ أ َ ْش َهدُ أ َ ْن ّال ِإ ٰلهَ ِإ ّال‬، َ‫صا ِلحِ ْين‬

َ ً ‫ َوأَ ْش َهدُ أ َ َّن ُم َح َّمدا‬،ُ‫َّللا‬ ّ ‫َّللاِ ال‬
ّٰ ‫لى ِعبا ِد‬
ٰ ‫ع‬َ ‫ع َل ْينا َو‬ ّٰ ُ‫ي َو َرحْ َمة‬
َّ ‫ ال‬،ُ‫َّللاِ وبركات ُه‬
َ ‫سال ُم‬ ُّ ‫علَ ْيكَ أ َيُّ َها النَّ ِب‬ َّ
َ ‫ ال َّسال ُم‬، ُ‫والط ِّيبات‬ ، ُ‫صلَوات‬
َّ ‫ َوال‬، ِ‫التَّحِ يّاتُ ِ ّٰلِل‬
ُ‫س ْولُه‬
ُ ‫َو َر‬

All compliments, prayers, and pure words are due to Allah. Peace be on you, O Prophet, and also the mercy of Allah and His
blessings. Peace be on us, and on the righteous slaves of Allah. I bear witness that none has the right to be worshipped except
Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His slave and messenger.

‫السالم‬ ‫والطيبات‬ ‫والصلوات‬ ‫هلل‬ ‫التحيات‬

‫هللا‬ ‫ورحمة‬ ‫النبي‬ ‫أيها‬ ‫عليك‬

‫عباد‬ ‫وعلى‬ ‫علينا‬ ‫السالم‬ ‫وبركاته‬

‫ال‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أشهد‬ ‫الصالحين‬ ‫هللا‬

‫أن‬ ‫وأشهد‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫إال‬ ‫إله‬

‫ورسوله‬ ‫عبده‬ ً ‫محمدا‬

• ‫ تحيات‬- ‫( جمع تحية‬pl. tahiyyah) , story in regards to its meaning

• Deeper meaning of first 4 words ‫ والطيبات‬،‫ والصلوات‬،‫التحيات هلل‬

• 2nd person in the greeting on the Prophet (pbuh) ‫السالم عليك‬

• Symmetry of Qur’an and Sunnah

• Nabi and Rasul

• Salam: meaning, method, difference, and wordplay

• Praying for yourself

• ‫ عباد‬- ‫( جمع عبد‬pl. ‘abd ) , 2 different plurals and their usage

• Importance of Righteousness and Brotherhood/Sisterhood

 • Shahadah, its meaning and a strong message

Tashahhud of Ibn Abbas – ‫تشهد إبن عبّاس‬

ُ ‫ َوأ َ َّن ُم َح َّمدا ً َر‬,ُ‫ أ َ ْش َهدُ أ َ ْن ال ِإ ٰلهَ ِإ ّال هللا‬, َ‫صا ِلحِ ْين‬
ِ‫س ْو ُل هللا‬ ّ ‫لى ِعبا ِد هللاِ ال‬
ٰ ‫ع‬َ ‫علَ ْينا َو‬ َ ُ‫ي َو َرحْ َمةُ هللا ِ َو َب َركات ُه‬
َ ‫سالم‬ ُّ ‫علَ ْيكَ أَيُّها ال َّن ِب‬ َّ ُ‫صلَوات‬
َ ِ‫الط ِيّباتُ ِ ّٰلِل‬
َ ‫سالم‬ َ ‫الت َّحِ يّاتُ ال ُم‬
َّ ‫باركاتُ ال‬

All compliments, blessed words, prayers, pure words are due to Allah. Peace be on you, O Prophet, and also the mercy of Allah
and His blessings. Peace be on us and on the righteous slaves of Allah. I bear witness that none has the right to be worshipped
except Allah, and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah

‫رسول هللا‬ ‫سالم‬ ‫المباركات‬

Tashahhud of Ibn Umar – ‫تشهد إبن عمر‬

َ ‫ أ َ ْش َهدُ أ َ ْن ال ِإ ٰلهَ ِإ ّال هللاُ َوحْ َدهُ ال‬, َ‫صا ِلحِ ْين‬
ً‫ش ِر ْيكَ لَهُ َوأ َ ْش َهدُ أ َ َّن ُم َح َّمدا‬ ّ ‫لى ِعبا ِد هللاِ ال‬
ٰ ‫ع‬ َ ‫ي َو َرحْ َمةُ هللاِ َو َب َركات ُهُ ال َّسال ُم‬
َ ‫علَ ْينا َو‬ ُّ ‫علَ ْيكَ أ َيُّها النَّ ِب‬ َّ ُ‫صلَوات‬
َّ ‫ ال‬, ُ‫الط ِيّبات‬
َ ‫سال ُم‬ َّ ‫ ال‬,ِ‫الت َّحِ يّاتُ ِلِل‬
ُ‫س ْولُه‬
ُ ‫ع ْبدُهُ َو َر‬
َ

All compliments, prayers and good words are due to Allah. Peace be on you, O Prophet, and also the mercy of Allah and His
blessings. Peace be on us and on the righteous slaves of Allah. I bear witness that none has the right to be worshipped except
Allah alone, He has no partner, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His slave and messenger

‫له‬ ‫شريك‬ ‫ال‬ ‫وحده‬ ‫وبركاته‬

Tashahhud of Abu Musa – ‫تشهد أبي موسى األشعري‬

‫صا ِلحِ ْينَ أ َ ْش َهدُ أ َ ْن ّال إِ ٰلهَ إِ ّال هللاُ َوأ َ ْش َهدُ أ َ َّن ُم َحمدا عبده ورسوله‬
ّ ‫لى ِعبا ِد هللاِ ال‬
ٰ ‫ع‬ َ ‫ ال َّسال ُم‬,ُ‫ي َو َرحْ َمةُ هللاِ َوبَ َركات ُه‬
َ ‫علَ ْينا َو‬ ُّ ِ‫سال ُم َعلَ ْيكَ أ َيُّها النَّب‬
َّ ‫ ال‬,ِ‫صلَواتُ ِلِل‬ َّ ُ‫الت َّحِ يَّات‬
َّ ‫الطيِّباتُ ال‬

All compliments, good words and prayers are due to Allah. Peace be on you, O Prophet, and also the mercy of Allah and His
blessings. Peace be on us, and on the righteous slaves of Allah. I bear witness that none has the right to be worshipped except
Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His slave and messenger

• ‫ فوائد حذف العاطف‬-

Tashahhud of Umar ibn al-Khattab – ‫تشهد عمر بن الخطاب‬

َ ً‫ َوأ َ ْش َهدُ أ َ َّن ُم َح َّمدا‬،ُ‫ أ َ ْش َهدُ أ َ ْن ال إِ ٰلهَ إِ ّال هللا‬، َ‫صا ِلحِ ْين‬
ُ‫ع ْبدُه‬ ّ ‫لى ِعبا ِد هللاِ ال‬
ٰ ‫ع‬َ ‫علَ ْينا َو‬ ّ ُ‫ي َو َرحْ َمة‬
َّ ‫ ال‬،ُ‫َّللاِ َوبَ َركات ُه‬
َ ‫سال ُم‬ ُّ ِ‫علَ ْيكَ أ َيُّها النَّب‬ َّ , ِ‫الزا ِكياتُ ِلِل‬
َّ ‫الطيِّباتُ ال‬
َ ‫سال ُم‬ ّ ,ِ‫الت َّحِ يَّاتُ ِلِل‬
ُ‫س ْولُه‬
ُ ‫َو َر‬

All compliments, prayers, and pure words are due to Allah. Peace be on you, O Prophet, and also the mercy of Allah and His
blessings. Peace be on us, and on the righteous slaves of Allah. I bear witness that none has the right to be worshipped except
Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His slave and messenger.

‫الزاكيات‬

4.02 Salutations on the Prophet (pbuh)

‫لى آ ِل‬
ٰ ‫ع‬َ ‫ َو‬،‫لى ِإ ْبرا ِه ْي َم‬
ٰ ‫ع‬َ َ‫بار ْكت‬
َ ‫لى آ ِل ُم َح َّم ٍد َكما‬
ٰ ‫ع‬َ ‫لى ُم َح َّم ٍد َو‬
ٰ ‫ع‬ ِ ‫ اللّٰ ُه َّم‬،‫ ِإ َّنكَ َحمِ ْيد َم ِج ْيد‬،‫لى آ ِل ِإ ْبرا ِه ْي َم‬
َ ‫بار ْك‬ ٰ ‫ع‬َ ‫ َو‬،‫لى ِإ ْبرا ِه ْي َم‬
ٰ ‫ع‬َ َ‫ص َّل ْيت‬
َ ‫ َكما‬،‫علَ ٰى آ ِل ُم َح َّم ٍد‬
َ ‫لى ُم َح َّم ٍد َو‬
ٰ ‫ع‬َ ‫ص ِّل‬ َ ‫اللّٰ ُه َّم‬
‫ِإ ْبرا ِه ْي َم ِإنَّكَ َحمِ ْيد َم ِج ْيد‬
O Allah, send prayers upon Muhammad and the followers of Muhammad, just as You sent prayers upon Ibrahim and upon the
followers of Ibrahim. Verily, You are full of praise and majesty. O Allah, send blessings upon Muhammad and upon the family of
Muhammad, just as You sent blessings upon Ibrahim and upon the family of Ibrahim. Verily, You are full of praise and majesty.

‫وعلى‬ ‫محمد‬ ‫على‬ ‫صل‬ ‫اللهم‬

‫على‬ ‫صليت‬ ‫كما‬ ‫محمد‬ ‫آل‬

‫إنك‬ ‫إبراهيم‬ ‫آل‬ ‫وعلى‬ ‫إبراهيم‬

‫باركت‬ ‫بارك‬ ‫مجيد‬ ‫حميد‬

• ‫ محمد‬- Meaning, history, and presence in the Qur’an

• Difference between ‫( أهل‬ahl) and ‫( آل‬aal)

He it is who Sends blessings on you, As do His angels, that He ُّ َ‫علَ ْي ُك ْم َو َمالئِ َكتُهُ ِلي ُْخ ِر َج ُك ْم مِ ن‬
may bring you out from the depths of darkness into Light:
ِ ‫الظلُ َما‬
ِ ُّ‫ت إِ َلى الن‬
َ‫ور َو َكان‬ َ ‫ص ِلّي‬
َ ُ‫ه َُو الَّذِي ي‬ 33:43
)٤٣( ‫ِب ْال ُمؤْ مِ نِينَ َرحِ ي ًما‬
and He is full of Mercy to the believers.
Allah and His angels send blessings on the prophet: O ye that
‫س ِلّ ُموا‬ َ ‫صلُّوا‬
َ ‫علَ ْي ِه َو‬ َ ‫ي يَا أ َ ُّي َها الَّذِينَ آ َمنُوا‬ َ َ‫صلُّون‬
ِّ ِ‫علَى النَّب‬ َّ ‫إِ َّن‬
َ ُ‫َّللاَ َو َمالئِ َكتَهُ ي‬ 33:56
believe! Send ye blessings on him, and salute Him with all
)٥٦( ‫ت َ ْسلِي ًما‬
respect.
• Comparison of 2 Ayah

• Difference between ‫( صالة‬salat) and ‫( سالم‬salam) regarding the Prophet (pbuh)

4.03 Supplication before Taslim

ِ َّ‫اب الن‬
‫ار‬ َ ‫سنَةً َوقِنَا‬
َ َ ‫عذ‬ َ ‫س َنةً َوفِي اآلخِ َرةِ َح‬
َ ‫َربَّنَا آتِنَا فِي الدُّ ْنيَا َح‬
"Our Lord! Give us good In This world and good In the Hereafter, and defend us from the torment of the Fire!"

ً‫سنَة‬
َ ‫َح‬ ‫الدُّ ْن َيا‬ ‫فِي‬ ‫آتِنَا‬ ‫َربَّنَا‬

ِ َّ‫الن‬
‫ار‬ َ َ ‫عذ‬
‫اب‬ َ ‫َوقِنَا‬ ً‫سنَة‬
َ ‫َح‬ ‫َوفِي اآلخِ َر ِة‬

• ‫ إيتاء‬vs ‫إعطاء‬

• ‫ دنيا‬vs ‫آخرة‬

• ‫ حسنة‬- meaning, common?

• ‫ عذاب‬- origin and insight into linguistics

• Redundant in the end?

 َ ِ‫ي َول ِْل ُمؤْ مِ نِينَ يَ ْو َم يَقُو ُم ْالح‬
)٤١( ُ‫ساب‬ َ ُ‫صالةِ َومِ ْن ذُ ِ ّريَّتِي َر َّبنَا َوتَقَب َّْل د‬
َّ َ‫) َربَّنَا ا ْغف ِْر لِي َول َِوا ِلد‬٤٠( ِ‫عاء‬ َ ‫ب اجْ عَ ْلنِي ُمق‬
َّ ‫ِيم ال‬ ِ ّ ‫َر‬

14:40. O My Lord! Make me one who establishes regular prayer, and also (raise such) among My offspring O Our Lord! And Accept
Thou My Prayer.
41. "O Our Lord! Cover (Us) with Thy forgiveness - me, My parents, and (all) believers, on the Day that the reckoning will be
established!

‫صال ِة‬
َّ ‫ال‬ ‫ِيم‬
َ ‫ُمق‬ ‫اجْ َع ْلنِي‬ ‫ب‬
ِ ّ ‫َر‬

‫َوتَقَب َّْل‬ ‫َربَّنَا‬ ‫ذُ ِ ّريَّتِي‬ ‫َومِ ْن‬

‫ي‬
َّ َ‫َول َِوا ِلد‬ ‫ا ْغف ِْر لِي‬ ‫َربَّنَا‬ ِ‫عاء‬
َ ُ‫د‬

َ ِ‫ْالح‬
ُ‫ساب‬ ‫يَقُو ُم‬ ‫يَ ْو َم‬ َ‫َول ِْل ُمؤْ مِ نِين‬

• ‫( جعل‬j’ala) vs ‫( خلق‬khalaqa)
• ‫( إقامة الصالة‬iqamat-us-salah) – implications
• Why only some?
• ‫( تقبّل‬taqabbal) vs ‫( إستجابة‬istajabah)
• Attitude of the believer
• ‫( دعاء‬dua) vs ‫( نداء‬nida)
• ‫( والدان‬walidan) vs ‫( أبوان‬abawan)

َّ ‫ار َح ْمنِ ْي إِ َّنكَ أ َ ْنتَ ْالغَفُ ْو ُر‬

‫الرحِ ْي ُم‬ َ ‫ َوال َي ْغ ِف ُر الذُّنُ ْو‬،ً‫ظ ْلما ً َكثِ ْيرا‬
ْ ‫ َفا ْغ ِف ْر ِل ْي َم ْغ ِف َرة ً مِ ْن ِع ْن ِدكَ َو‬، َ‫ب إِ ّال أَ ْنت‬ َ ‫اللّٰ ُه َّم إِ ّنِ ْي‬
ُ ‫ظ َل ْمتُ نَ ْف ِس ْي‬
O Allah, I have indeed oppressed my soul excessively and none can forgive sin except You, so forgive me a forgiveness from Yourself
and have mercy upon me. Surely, You are The Most-Forgiving, The Most-Merciful.

ً ‫ظلما‬ ‫نفسي‬ ‫ظلمت‬ ‫إني‬ ‫اللهم‬

‫أنت‬ ‫إال‬ ‫الذنوب‬ ‫وال يغفر‬ ً‫كثيرا‬

‫وارحمني‬ ‫عندك‬ ‫من‬ ‫مغفرة‬ ‫فاغفر لي‬

‫الرحيم‬ ‫الغفور‬ ‫أنت‬ ‫إنك‬

• ‫( ظلم‬zhulm) – deeper meaning

• ‫( نفس‬nafs) – wordplay
• ‫( ذنب‬dhanb) – deeper meaning
• Story of this Dua
 ‫ش ِ ّر فِتْنَ ِة ْال َم ِس ْيحِ الدَّ َّجا ِل‬
َ ‫ومِ ْن‬،
َ ‫ت‬ِ ‫ب َج َهنَّ َم َومِ ْن فِتْ َن ِة ْال َمحْ يا َو ْال َمما‬ ِ ‫عذا‬ َ ‫ومِ ْن‬، َ ‫ب ْالقَ ْب ِر‬ َ ‫ع ْوذُ ِبكَ مِ ْن‬
ِ ‫عذا‬ ُ َ ‫اللّٰ ُه َّم إِنِّ ْي أ‬
ْ ْ ْ ُ
‫ع ْوذ بِكَ مِ نَ ال َمأثَ ِم َوال َم ْغ َر ِم‬ َ
ُ ‫ ا َلل ُه َّم إِنِّي أ‬:‫وفي رواية‬
O Allah, I take refuge in You from the punishment of the grave, from the torment of the Fire, from the trials and tribulations of life
and death and from the evil affliction of the Al-Masih Ad-Dajjal.
In one narration (additionally): O Allah, I take refuge in You from sin and debt.

‫عذاب‬ ‫من‬ ‫أعوذ بك‬ ‫إني‬ ‫اللهم‬

‫ومن‬ ‫جهنم‬ ‫عذاب‬ ‫ومن‬ ‫القبر‬

‫شر‬ ‫ومن‬ ‫والممات‬ ‫المحيا‬ ‫فتنة‬

‫إني‬ ‫اللهم‬ ‫الدجال‬ ‫المسيح‬ ‫فتنة‬

‫والمغرم‬ ‫المأثم‬ ‫من‬ ‫أعوذ بك‬

4.04 Taslim
ّ ُ‫علَ ْي ُك ْم َو َرحْ َمة‬
Peace and Allah’s Mercy be on you - ‫َّللا‬ َ ‫سالَ ُم‬
َّ ‫ا َل‬

‫هللا‬ ‫ورحمة‬ ‫عليكم‬ ‫السالم‬

4.05 Supplication and Remembrance after Taslim

I ask Allah for forgiveness - )ً ‫أ َ ْست َ ْغ ِف ُر هللاَ (ثالثا‬

‫هللا‬ ‫أستغفر‬

• What’d I do wrong?

‫رام‬ ِ ‫بار ْكتَ يا ذا ْال َجال ِل‬

ِ ‫واإل ْك‬ َّ ‫اللّٰ ُه َّم أ َ ْنتَ ال‬
َّ ‫ َومِ ْنكَ ال‬،‫سال ُم‬
َ َ ‫ ت‬،‫سال ُم‬
O Allah, You are As-Salaam and from You is all peace, blessed are You, O Possessor of majesty and honor

‫السالم‬ ‫ومنك‬ ‫السالم‬ ‫أنت‬ ‫اللهم‬

‫واإلكرام‬ ‫الجالل‬ ‫ذا‬ ‫يا‬ ‫تباركت‬

• Attribute of Allah

‫ي ِلما َمنَ ْعتَ وال يَ ْن َف ُع ذا ْال َج ِدّ مِ ْنكَ ال َج ُّد‬ َ ‫اللّٰ ُه َّم ال ما ِن َع ِلما أ َ ْع‬
َ ِ‫ط ْيتَ وال ُم ْعط‬
O Allah, none can prevent what You have willed to bestow and none can bestow what You have willed to prevent, and no wealth
or majesty can benefit anyone, as from You is all wealth and majesty.

‫أعطيت‬ ‫لما‬ ‫مانع‬ ‫ال‬ ‫اللهم‬

‫وال ينفع‬ ‫منعت‬ ‫لما‬ ‫معطي‬ ‫وال‬

 ‫الجد‬ ‫منك‬ ‫الجد‬ ‫ذا‬

)‫َّللاُ أ َ ْكبَ ُر (ثالثا ً وثالثين‬ ِ ِ ُ‫ َو ْال َح ْمد‬،ِ‫س ْبحانَ هللا‬

ّ ‫ َو‬،‫لِل‬ ُ
َ ‫لى ُك ِّل‬
‫ش ْيءٍ قَ ِد ْير‬ ٰ ‫ع‬َ ‫ َلهُ ْال ُم ْلكُ َو َلهُ ْال َح ْمدُ َو ُه َو‬،ُ‫ش ِر ْيكَ َله‬
َ ‫ال إِلهَ إِ ّال هللاُ َوحْ دَهُ ال‬
None has the right to be worshipped except Allah, alone without partner, to Him belongs all sovereignty and praise and He is over
all things omnipotent

‫وحده‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫إال‬ ‫إله‬ ‫ال‬

‫وله الحمد‬ ‫له الملك‬ ‫له‬ ‫شريك‬ ‫ال‬

‫قدير‬ ‫شئ‬ ‫كل‬ ‫على‬ ‫وهو‬

• Universal message
• ‫( ُملك‬mulk) vs ‫( مِ لك‬milk)
• Beautiful combination
 5 Qunut
5.01 Supplication of Qunut
َ ُ‫ اللَّ ُه َّم اِيَّاكَ نَ ْعبُدُ َو لَكَ ن‬. َ‫علَيْكَ ْال َخي َْر َو نَ ْش ُك ُركَ َو َال نَ ْكفُ ُركَ َو نَ ُخلَ ُع َو نَتْ ُركُ َم ْن يّ ْف ُج ُرك‬
َ‫ص ِلّ ْى َو نَ ْس ُجدُ َو اِلَيْك‬ َ ‫علَيْكَ َو نُثْنِ ْى‬ َ ‫اللَّ ُه َم اِنَّا نَ ْست َ ِع ْينُكَ َو نَ ْست َ ْغف ُِركَ َو نؤمِ نُ بِكَ َو نَت ََو َّك ُل‬
‫ار ُم ْلحِ ق‬
ِ َّ ‫ف‬ ُ
‫ك‬ ْ
‫ال‬ ‫ب‬
ِ َ‫ع َك‬
‫ب‬‫ا‬َ ‫ذ‬ َ ‫عذَا َبكَ ا َِّن‬َ ‫نَسْعٰ ى َو نَحْ ِفدُ َو ن َْر ُج ْو َرحْ َمتَكَ َو ن َْخ ٰشى‬

O Allah! We seek Your assistance and ask for Your guidance, and we beseech Your forgiveness and return to You in repentance. We
cherish faith in You and place our trust in You. We attribute all goodness to You. We are grateful to You and refuse to be ungrateful
to You. We abandon and forsake all those who reject You. O Allah, You alone we worship, unto You alone we pray; unto You alone
we prostrate, and for You alone we strive. Unto You alone we flee for refuge. We cherish hope in Your mercy and we fear Your
retribution. Verily, Your punishment is bound to catch up with those who reject the truth.

ُ‫َو نؤمِ ن‬ َ‫َو نَ ْست َ ْغف ُِرك‬ َ‫نَ ْست َ ِع ْينُك‬ ‫اِنَّا‬ ‫اللَّ ُه َم‬

َ‫علَيْك‬
َ ‫َو نُثْن ِْى‬ َ‫علَيْك‬
َ ‫َو نَت ََو َّك ُل‬ َ‫بِك‬

ُ‫َو نَتْ ُرك‬ ‫َو نَ ُخلَ ُع‬ َ‫َو َال نَ ْكفُ ُرك‬ َ‫َو نَ ْش ُك ُرك‬ ‫ْال َخي َْر‬

ُ‫نَ ْعبُد‬ َ‫اِيَّاك‬ ‫اللَّ ُه َّم‬ َ‫يّ ْف ُج ُرك‬ ‫َم ْن‬

‫نَسْعٰ ى‬ َ‫َو اِلَيْك‬ ُ‫َو نَ ْس ُجد‬ ‫ص ِلّ ْى‬

َ ُ‫ن‬ َ‫َو لَك‬

َ‫عذَابَك‬
َ ‫َو ن َْخ ٰشى‬ َ‫َرحْ َمتَك‬ ‫َو ن َْر ُج ْو‬ ُ‫َو نَحْ ِفد‬

‫ُم ْلحِ ق‬ ِ َّ‫بِ ْال ُكف‬

‫ار‬ َ‫عذَابَك‬
َ ‫ا َِّن‬

• ‫‘( عون‬awn) vs ‫( نصر‬nasr)

• Complete abandonment
• 3 Levels:

That man can have nothing but what He strives for )٣٩( ‫سعَى‬
َ ‫ان إِال َما‬
ِ ‫س‬ َ ‫َوأ َ ْن لَي‬
َ ‫ْس لِإل ْن‬ 53:39
And those who strive In Our (cause), we will certainly
guide them to Our paths: for Verily Allah is with those )٦٩( َ‫َّللاَ لَ َم َع ْال ُمحْ ِسنِين‬ ُ ‫َوالَّذِينَ َجا َهدُوا فِينَا لَنَ ْه ِديَنَّ ُه ْم‬
َّ ‫سبُلَنَا َوإِ َّن‬ 29:69
who do right.
O Thou man! Verily Thou art ever toiling on towards Thy
َ ‫يَا أَيُّ َها اإل ْن‬
)٦( ‫سانُ ِإنَّكَ كَادِح ِإلَى َربِّكَ َك ْد ًحا فَ ُمالقِي ِه‬ 84:6
Lord- painfully toiling, but Thou shalt meet Him.
‫ إ َّنهُ ال يَ ِذ ُّل َم ْن َوالَيْتَ َوالَ يَع ُِّز‬، َ‫علَيْك‬ َ ‫ضي َوال يُ ْق‬
َ ‫ضى‬ ِ ‫ فَإنَّكَ ت َ ْق‬، َ‫ضيْت‬ ِ َ‫ َوب‬، َ‫ َوت ََو َّلنِي فِ َم ْن ت ََولَّيْت‬، َ‫عافَيْت‬
َ ‫ار ْك لِي فِي َما أ ْع‬
َ ‫ َوقِنِي ش ََّر َما َق‬، َ‫طيْت‬ َ ‫عا ِفنِي فِيِ َم ْن‬َ ‫ َو‬،‫اللَّ ُه َّم ا ْه ِدنِي فِي َم ْن َهدَيْت‬
َ‫ار ْكتَ َربَّنَا َو تَعَاليْت‬
َ َ َ‫عادَيْتَ تَب‬َ ‫َم ْن‬

O Allah, guide me along with those whom You have guided, pardon me along with those whom You have pardoned, be an ally to
me along with those whom You are an ally to and bless for me that which You have bestowed. Protect me from the evil You have
decreed for verily You decree and none can decree over You. For surety, he whom You show allegiance to is never abased and he
whom You take as an enemy is never honored and mighty. O our Lord, Blessed and Exalted are You.

‫عا ِفنِي‬
َ ‫َو‬ ‫َهدَيْت‬ ‫فِي َم ْن‬ ‫ا ْه ِدنِي‬ ‫اللَّ ُه َّم‬

َ‫ت ََولَّيْت‬ ‫ِف َم ْن‬ ‫َوت ََولَّنِي‬ َ‫عافَيْت‬

َ ‫ِف ِي َم ْن‬

‫َو ِقنِي‬ َ ‫أ ْع‬

َ‫طيْت‬ ‫فِي َما‬ ‫لِي‬ ‫ار ْك‬
ِ ‫َو َب‬

ِ ‫ت َ ْق‬
‫ضي‬ َ‫فَإنَّك‬ َ َ‫ق‬
َ‫ضيْت‬ ‫َما‬ ‫ش ََّر‬
 ‫َم ْن‬ ‫ال يَ ِذ ُّل‬ ‫إنَّهُ‬ ‫علَيْكَ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َوال يُ ْق َ‬
‫ضى‬

‫ار ْكتَ‬
‫تَبَ َ‬ ‫عادَيْتَ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َم ْن‬ ‫َوالَ يَع ُِّز‬ ‫َوالَيْتَ‬

‫َو تَعَالَيْتَ‬ ‫َربَّنَا‬

‫•‬ ‫‪Singular vs Plural‬‬

 6 Supplemental Material
6.01 A Study of the Hadith Qudsi: Surah al-Fatihah

:‫ قال هللا تعالى‬: ‫ يقول‬- ‫ صلى هللا عليه وسلم‬- ‫ سمعت رسول هللا‬: ‫عن أبي هريرة رضي هللا عنه قال‬

Narrated Abu Hurayrah: I heard the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) declare that Allah the Exalted had said:

I have divided the prayer into two halves between Me and My ‫قسمت الصالة بيني وبين عبدي نصفين ولعبدي ما سأل‬
slave, and My slave will receive what he asks for.
• Salat = Fatihah

When the slave says: Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the ، ‫ الحمد هلل رب العالمين‬: ‫فإذا قال العبد‬
worlds,
‫ حمدني عبدي‬: ‫قال هللا تعالى‬
Allah the Most High says: My slave has praised Me.
• Relationship of Rab and ‘abd
• ‫ حمد‬vs ‫ مدح‬and ‫شكر‬
• ‫ الحمد هلل‬- the most perfect, complete, exclusive, timeless, limitless, natural, emphatic, and heartfelt method of praising
Allah

And when he (the slave) says: The Most Compassionate, the ، ‫ الرحمن الرحيم‬: ‫وإذا قال‬
Merciful,
‫ أثنى علي عبدي‬: ‫قال هللا تعالى‬
Allah the Most High says: My slave has lauded Me.
• Meaning of Rahman and Rahim
• Benefits of Sequence
• Meaning of Thana

When he (the slave) says: Master of the Day of Judgment, ، ‫ مالك يوم الدين‬: ‫وإذا قال‬

He remarks: My slave has glorified Me, ، ‫ مجدني عبدي‬: ‫قال‬

and in a narration He says: My slave entrusted (his affairs) to ‫ فوض إلي عبدي‬: ‫وقال مرة‬
Me.
• 2 recitations: ‫ ملك‬and ‫مالك‬
• Meaning of Din
• Meaning of Tamjid and progression of praise and glorification
• A lesson about praise

When he (the worshipper) says: Thee do we worship and of ، ‫ إياك نعبد وإياك نستعين‬: ‫فإذا قال‬
Thee do we ask help,
‫ هذا بيني وبين عبدي ولعبدي ما سأل‬: ‫قال‬
He (Allah) says: This is between Me and My slave, and My
slave will receive what he asks for.
• Transition to 2nd person
• Plural form
• First worship then assistance
• Repetition

Then, when he (the worshipper) says: Guide us to the straight ، ‫ اهدنا الصراط المستقيم‬: ‫فإذا قال‬
path,
the path of those to whom Thou hast been Gracious--not of ، ‫ غير المغضوب عليهم وال الضالين‬، ‫صراط الذين أنعمت عليهم‬
those who have incurred Thy displeasure, nor of those who
have gone astray, ‫ هذا لعبدي ولعبدي ما سأل‬: ‫قال‬

He (Allah) says: This is for My slave, and My slave will receive

what he asks for.
• Correlation between Rab and Hidayah
• Meaning of Sirat
• Importance and Etiquette of Dua
• Necessity of good leadership and role-models
• Harm of evil leadership and negative role-models
• Essence of evil and its manifestation in people
• Names of Fatihah in Qur’an and Sunnah:
o ‫ أ ّم القرآن‬The Mother of the Quran
o ‫ أ ّم الكتاب‬The Mother of the Book
o ‫ السبع المثاني‬The Seven Repeatedly Recited Ayat
• Summary of the Surah

Narrated Abdullah ibn Abbas: While Gabriel was sitting with

the Prophet of Allah (pbuh) he heard a creaking sound above
him. He lifted his head and said: This is a gate opened in
‫ صلى هللا عليه‬- ‫ بينما جبريل قاعد عند النبي‬: ‫عن ابن عباس رضي هللا عنهما قال‬
heaven today which had never been opened before. Then
‫ فرفع رأسه‬- ‫ أي صوتا ً كصوت الباب إذا فتح‬- ‫ سمع نقيضا من فوقه‬- ‫وسلم‬
when an angel descended through it, he said: This is an angel
: ‫ فنزل منه ملَك فقال‬، ‫ لم يفتح قط إال اليوم‬، ‫ هذا باب من السماء فتح اليوم‬: ‫فقال‬
who came down to the earth who had never come down
‫ أبشر بنورين أوتيتهما‬: ‫ فسلَّم وقال‬، ‫هذا ملَك نزل إلى األرض لم ينزل قط إال اليوم‬
before. He greeted and said: Rejoice in two lights given to you ‫ لن تقرأ بحرف منهما إال‬، ‫ فاتحة الكتاب وخواتيم سورة البقرة‬، ‫لم يؤتهما نبي قبلك‬
which have not been given to any prophet before you: Fatihat (‫أُعْطِ يت َه )رواه مسلم‬
al-Kitab and the concluding verses of Surah al-Baqarah. You
will never recite a letter from them for which you will not be
given (a reward).
6.02 A Study of the Concluding Ayat of Surah al-Baqarah 2:284-286

284. To Allah belongeth all that is In the heavens and on earth.

Whether ye Show what is In your minds or conceal it, Allah
‫ض َوإِ ْن ت ُ ْبدُوا َما فِي أ َ ْنفُ ِس ُك ْم أ َ ْو ت ُ ْخفُوهُ يُ َحا ِس ْب ُك ْم ِب ِه‬ِ ‫األر‬
ْ ‫ت َو َما فِي‬ ِ ‫س َم َاوا‬ َّ ‫ِ َّلِلِ َما فِي ال‬
calleth you to account for it. He forgiveth whom He pleaseth,
)٢٨٤( ‫ش ْيءٍ قَدِير‬ َ ‫علَى ُك ِّل‬ َّ ‫َّللاُ فَ َي ْغف ُِر ِل َم ْن َيشَا ُء َويُ َع ِذّبُ َم ْن َيشَا ُء َو‬
َ ُ‫َّللا‬ َّ
and punisheth whom He pleaseth, for Allah hath power over all
things.
• True belief in Allah

• Accountability

• Eloquence

285. The Messenger believeth In what hath been revealed to

‫س ِل ِه‬ َّ ِ‫سو ُل بِ َما أ ُ ْن ِز َل إِ َل ْي ِه مِ ْن َربِّ ِه َو ْال ُمؤْ مِ نُونَ ُكل آ َمنَ ب‬
ُ ‫الِلِ َو َمالئِ َكتِ ِه َو ُكتُبِ ِه َو ُر‬ ُ ‫الر‬
َّ َ‫آ َمن‬
Him from His Lord, As do the men of Faith. Each one (of them) ْ َ َ ‫سمِ ْعنَا َوأ‬
‫ير‬
ُ ‫ص‬ ِ ‫غ ْف َرانَكَ َربَّنَا َو ِإلَيْكَ ال َم‬ ُ ‫ط ْعنَا‬ َ ‫س ِل ِه َوقَالُوا‬ُ ‫ال نُف ِ َّرقُ بَيْنَ أ َ َح ٍد مِ ْن ُر‬
believeth In Allah, His angels, His books, and His apostles. "We )٢٨٥(
make no distinction (They say) between one and another of His
apostles." and They say: "We hear, and we obey: (We seek) Thy
forgiveness, Our Lord, and to Thee is the end of all journeys."
• Authority of the Prophet

• Necessity of following Sunnah

 • Completion of Faith

• Walking the Talk

• Eloquence

286. On no soul doth Allah place a burden greater than it can

bear. It gets every good that it earns, and it suffers every ill that
it earns. (Pray:) "Our Lord! Condemn us not if we forget or fall ‫ت َربَّنَا ال ت ُ َؤاخِ ْذنَا إِ ْن‬ َ َ ‫علَ ْي َها َما ا ْكت‬
ْ ‫س َب‬ َ ‫ت َو‬ْ ‫س َب‬ َ ‫سا إِال ُو ْسعَ َها لَ َها َما َك‬ ً ‫َّللاُ نَ ْف‬
َّ ‫ف‬ ُ ّ‫ال يُ َك ِل‬
into error; Our Lord! Lay not on us a burden like that which َّ
‫على الذِينَ مِ ْن قَ ْب ِلنَا َربَّنَا َوال‬ َ ْ
َ ُ‫ص ًرا َك َما َح َملتَه‬ْ ِ‫عل ْينَا إ‬َ ْ
َ ‫نَسِينَا أَ ْو أخطأنَا َربَّنَا َوال ت َحْ مِ ْل‬
َ ْ َ
Thou Didst Lay on those before us; Our Lord! Lay not on us a ‫على‬ َ َ ‫ص ْرنَا‬ ْ َ ْ
ُ ‫ار َح ْمنَا أنتَ َم ْوالنَا فان‬ َ َ ْ
ْ ‫عنا َواغف ِْر لنَا َو‬ َّ َ ‫ْف‬ ُ ‫طاقَةَ لَنَا بِ ِه َواع‬ َ ‫ت ُ َح ِّم ْلنَا َما ال‬
burden greater than we have strength to bear. Blot out Our )٢٨٦( َ‫ْالقَ ْو ِم ْالكَاف ِِرين‬
sins, and grant us Forgiveness. Have Mercy on us. Thou art Our
Protector; help us against those who stand against faith."
• Divine Mercy

• Perfection of Divine Decree and Law

• Ultimate Justice

• 3 Supplications of Ease

• 3 Supplications of Pardon

• Complete Devotion

• Symmetry and Eloquence of Qur’an and Sunnah

6.03 A Study of the Supplication of Istakharah

‫ إذَا َه َّم أ َ َحدُ ُك ْم ِباأل َ ْم ِر فَ ْل َي ْرك َْع َر ْك َعتَي ِْن‬: ‫آن َيقُو ُل‬
ِ ‫ُّورةَ مِ ْن ْالقُ ْر‬ ِ ‫َارة َ فِي األ ُ ُم‬
َ ‫ور ُك ِلّ َها َك َما يُ َع ِلّ ُمنَا الس‬ َ ‫َّللاِ صلى هللا عليه وسلم يُ َع ِلّ ُمنَا اال ْس ِتخ‬ ُ ‫ َكانَ َر‬: ‫ع ْن َجا ِب ٍر رضي هللا عنه قَا َل‬
َّ ‫سو ُل‬ َ
َ ‫غي ِْر ْالف َِري‬
: ‫ض ِة ث ُ َّم ِليَقُ ْل‬ َ ‫مِ ْن‬

Narrated Jabir bin 'Abdullah: The Prophet (pbuh) used to teach us the way of doing Istikharah in all matters as he would teach us
the Surah of the Quran. He said, "If anyone of you is concerned about an issue he should offer a two Raka’ah prayer other than
the compulsory ones and say:

O Allah! I ask guidance from Your knowledge َ‫يركَ ِبع ِْلمِ ك‬ ُ ِ‫اللَّ ُه َّم إنِّي أَ ْستَخ‬
And Power from Your Might َ‫َوأ َ ْست َ ْقد ُِركَ ِبقُد َْرتِك‬
and I ask for Your great blessings ‫ضلِكَ ْالعَظِ ِيم‬ ْ َ‫َوأ َ ْسأَلُكَ مِ ْن ف‬
You are capable and I am not ‫فَإِنَّكَ ت َ ْقد ُِر َوال أَقد ُِر‬
ْ
You know and I do not ‫َوت َ ْعلَ ُم َوال أ َ ْعلَ ُم‬
and You know the unseen ِ ‫عال ُم ْالغُيُو‬
‫ب‬ َ َ‫َوأ َ ْنت‬
O Allah! If You know that this issue * is good for my religion ‫عاقِ َب ِة أ َ ْم ِري‬
َ ‫إن ُك ْنتَ ت َ ْع َل ُم أ َ َّن َهذَا األ َ ْم َر * َخيْر لِي فِي دِينِي َو َم َعاشِي َو‬ ْ ‫اللَّ ُه َّم‬
and my subsistence and in my Hereafter
or said: If it is better for my present and later needs ِ ‫اج ِل أ َ ْم ِري َو‬
‫آج ِل ِه‬ ِ ‫ع‬َ : ‫أ َ ْو قَا َل‬
Then You ordain it for me and make it easy for me, And then ْ
‫ارك لِي فِي ِه‬ ُ ّ ‫فَا ْقد ُْرهُ ِلي َو َي‬
ِ َ‫س ِْرهُ لِي ث َّم ب‬
bless me in it
and if You know that this issue * is harmful to me in my َ ‫اللَّ ُه َّم َوإِ ْن ُك ْنتَ ت َ ْع َل ُم أ َ َّن َهذَا األ َ ْم َر * شَر لِي فِي دِينِي َو َمعَاشِي َو‬
‫عاقِ َب ِة أ َ ْم ِري‬
religion and subsistence and in the Hereafter
or said: If it is worse for my present and later needs ِ ‫اج ِل أ َ ْم ِري َو‬
‫آج ِل ِه‬ ِ ‫ع‬ َ : ‫أ َ ْو قَا َل‬
Then keep it away from me and let me be away from it ُ‫ع ْنه‬
َ ‫ِي‬ ‫ن‬‫ف‬ْ ‫ْر‬
ِ ‫ص‬‫ا‬ َ َ ُ‫فَاص ِْر ْفه‬
‫و‬ ‫ِي‬ ّ ‫ن‬‫ع‬
 And ordain for me whatever is good for me ُ ‫َوا ْقد ُْر لِي ْال َخي َْر َحي‬
َ‫ْث َكان‬
And make me satisfied with it * ّ ِ ‫ضنِي ِب ِه * ) َوفِي رواية( ث ُ َّم َر‬
‫ضنِي ِب ِه‬ ِ ‫ار‬ ْ ‫ث ُ َّم‬

*The Prophet said that the person supplicating should mention his need here.

• Meaning of Istikharah

• Method of Istikharah

• Necessity of Istikharah

• Spriritual Benefits

• Beauty of the Supplication

• Related Issues