INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT

ON

CONSTRUCTION OF ROAD & OTHER

WORKS
UNDERTAKEN AT

H.P.P.W.D. FATEHPUR
SUBMITTTION OF A REPORT REGARDING INDUSTRIAL TRAINING OF 6
WEEKS
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SUBMITTED BY
NITIN MEHRA
17BTL0030105
11 JULY 2019 TO 25 JULY 2019

FROM :
SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:
MR. D.K. BANSAL Mr. NITIN MEHRA
IRNo.17BTL030105

CONTENT
 TOPIC PAGE NO.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 3
INTRODUCTION ABOUT H.P.PWD. 4
VISIT TO THE LAB 5-8
CONCRETING 9
FOUNDATION 8-10
TOTAL STATION 11-16
COUNTOUR & CONTOURING 17-18
ROAD SURVEY 19
CONCLUSION 20

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The satisfaction and euphoria that accompany the successful completion of any
task would be incomplete without the mention of the people who made it possible,
whose constant guidance and encouragement crowned our efforts with success.
We wish to express our gratitude to ER.AC Site Engineer for providing us a
congenial working environment...
We are also thankful to Mr. to provide us an apportunity to work
with them on their site.

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 we are also indebted to the Foreman and Contractor and Clients of
different departments and many others for their useful guidance and
encouragement throughout the training period.

HIMACHAL PRADESH PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT

ABOUT THE DEPARTMENT :

The department is engaged in planning, construction and
maintenance of roads, bridges, ropeways and buildings (both
residential and non-residential of various Govt. departments)
in the State. The department further executes engineering
work on behalf of Local Bodies, Public Undertakings, Boards

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& other Institutions under Himachal Pradesh Government as
"Deposit works".

VISIT TO THE LAB

INTRODUCTION ABOUT TOOLS AND MACHINE
:
• UNIVERSAL TESTING MACHINE :
A universal testing machine (UTM), also known as a
universal tester, materials testing machine or materials
test frame, is used to test the tensile strength and
compressive strength of materials. The "universal" part
of the name reflects that it can perform many standard
tensile and compression tests on materials,
components, and structures (in other words, that it is
versatile).

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 • AUGERS :
An auger is a drilling device, or drill bit, that usually
includes a rotating helical screw blade called a
"flighting" to act as a screw conveyor to remove the
drilled out material. The rotation of the blade causes the
material to move out of the hole being drilled.

3.COMPACTION FACTOR APPARATUS:

Compacting factor of fresh concrete is done to determine the
workability of fresh concrete by compacting factor test as per
IS: 1199 – 1959. The apparatus used is Compacting factor
apparatus.

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4.STANDARD PENETRARTION TEST & APPARATUS:
The main purpose of the test is to provide an indication of the
relative density of granular deposits, such as sands and
gravels from which it is virtually impossible to obtain
undisturbed samples. The great merit of the test, and the main
reason for its widespread use is that it is simple and
inexpensive.

5.MIXER:
A reversing drum mixer (also commonly called a non-tilting
mixer) is a type of concrete mixer that produces concrete in
single batches. The entire drum rotates around its axis as
materials are loaded through a charge chute at one end of the
drum and exit through a discharge chute at the opposite end
of the drum.

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6.SIEVES:
A sieve analysis (or gradation test) is a practice or procedure
used (commonly used in civil engineering) to assess the
particle size distribution (also called gradation) of a granular
material. The size distribution is often of critical importance to
the way the material performs in use.

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 CONCRETING
PLACING CONCRETE:
The main objective in placing is to deposit the concrete as
close as possible to its final position as quickly and efficiently
as you can, so that segregation is avoided and it can be fully
compacted.

Concrete can be transported by a variety of different methods

ranging from wheelbarrows, dumpers and ready-mix trucks to
skips and pumps, and though it is obviously desirable to
place the concrete directly into position this is not always
possible: for example, it will seldom be practical to discharge
from a dumper or ready-mix truck directly into the top of a
column or wall

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 • FOUNDATION:
The lowest artificially built part of a structure which transmits
the load of the structure directly to the soil laying under-neath
is known as foundation.

• EXCAVATION:-
Excavation in foundation, trenches etc.in the earth work in all
kinds of soils such as pick work, jumper work, and chiselling/
wedging out of hard of soft rock where blasting is prohibited
up to all depth stacking the excavated soil not more than 3
meter clear from the edge of excavation and than returning
the stacked soil in 15cms layers, when required into plinths,
sides of foundation etc.

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FOUNDATION USED: ISOLATED FOOTING
ISOLATED FOOTING:
This type of footing is used to support the individual column.
To support the heavy loads reinforcement is provided at the
base in the form of steel bars and placed in the directions. It is
generally rectangular in shape. But it is of sloped isolated
footing

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 • CONSTRUCTION OF FOUNDATION:-

• PREPARING THE FONNDATION PLAN

• SETTING OUT FOUNDATION PLAN ON THE
GROUND
• EXCAVATION OF FOUNDATION
• LAYING OF FOUNDATION CONCRETE
• Preparing the foundation plan:-
After the foundation design is ready for any building its foundation
plan is prepared to any convenient scale showing all the necessary
measurements.

• Setting out foundation plan on the ground:-

After preparing the foundation plan the position of building is carefully
marked on the ground. The trenches to receive the foundation are then
set on the surface of ground before actual excavation is started.

c. Excavation of foundation:-
After setting the trenches their excavation is carried out between outer
lines by means of pick axes or kassies.

d. Laying of foundation concrete:-

For foundation generally 1:4:8 or cement concrete 1:8:16 is used.

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 TOTAL STATION

( TOTAL STATION) (REFLACTOR ROD)

A total station is an electronic/optical instrument used in
modern surveying. The total station is an electronic
theodolite (transit) integrated with an electronic distance
meter (EDM) to read slope distances from the instrument
to a particular point. Total stations allow the operator to
control the instrument from a distance via remote
control.
Features of Total Station
• EDM is fitted inside the telescope.
• Digital display.
• Compatibility with computers.
• Measures slope distances and horizontal & vertical
angles and displays coordinates.

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• Can work in lesser visibility.
• It is water proof.
• A Laser Optical Peewit for exact cantering.
• Circular vial and plate bubble in the both direction for
easy levelling.
• Store 10000 readings.
How Does Total Station Work
?

• A standard Transit is basically a Telescope with cross-

hairs for sighting a target;
• The telescope is attached to scales for measuring the
angle of rotation of the telescope (normally relative to
north as 0 degrees) and the angle of inclination of the
telescope (relative to the horizontal as 0 degrees).
• After rotating the telescope to aim at a target, one may
read the angle of rotation and the angle of inclination
from a scale.
• The electronic transit provides a digital read-out of
those angles instead of a scale;
• It is both more accurate and less prone to errors arising
from interpolating between marks on the scale or from
miss-recording. The readout is also continuous; so
angles can be checked at any time.

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Procedure for Collecting Total Station Field Mapping
Data

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 Adjustment of Tripod Stand:-

• Begin setting tripod by spreading the legs and

extending/contracting the legs so that the height of the tripod
will be suitable for observation when the total station is placed
on top of the tripod.
• Remove the plastic protective cover from the tripod head by
turning the center screw counter-clockwise on the underside of
the tripod head.
• Position the tripod directly over the top of a control point,
spreading the legs far enough to insure stability. Make sure, by
sighting downward through the center screw on the tripod, that
the tripod is centered over the control point. Position the tripod
shoes firmly on the ground, keeping in mind the need to remain
over the top of the control point and that the tripod should
remain relatively level.

Mounting the Total Station

• With the tripod in place, carefully remove the total station from
its carrying case and place it on the tripod head. Attach the
total station to the tripod head loosely by turning the red
mounting screw clockwise.
• With the total station still loosely attached to the tripod head,
look through the eye piece on the black optical plummet two-in-
one knob located on the front side of the total station (This eye
piece provides a view with a center mark that allows you to
center the total station directly over the top of the control
point). Rotate the optical plummet eye piece knob (the smaller
of the two-in-one knobs) until the center mark can be seen
clearly.

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• Rotate the focusing knob until the control point on the ground
is in focus.
• Now, slide the total station around on top of the tripod while
viewing the control point through the eye piece of the optical
plummet. Once the total station is centered over the control
point (with the center mark over the control point), tighten the
red tripod mounting screw so that the total station is firmly
attached to the tripod.(At least, have the center mark overlap
some part of the control point.)
Leveling the Total Station
• With the tripod and total station now centered over the top of
the control point, adjust the tripod legs by
extending/contracting them, to position the bubble of the
circular vial located on the tribrach of the total station to the
center. (DO NOT try to push down on the tripod shoe with
your foot to make these adjustments-this may disturb the
tripod location.)
• With the tripod now level, release the black clamp screw (the
smaller of a two-in-one knob located on the back side of the
total station to the right of the square red power supply switch)
by turning it counter-clockwise until the total station rotates
freely.
• Rotate the total station until the back of the unit is aligned with
two of the leveling screws located on the bottom plate of the
total station (Let's call this POSITION #1). Re-tighten the
clamp screw. Look for the plate vial (or leveling "bubble")
located just above the display panel on the back of the total
station. The plate vial will be used to make fine adjustments in
leveling.
• Begin leveling in POSITION #1 by turning the two leveling
screws in opposite directions until the bubble on the plate vial
moves to the center of the glass level. With POSITION #1
leveled, loosen the clamp screw and rotate the total station until
it aligns with another set of leveling screws (Let's call this
POSITION #2). Repeat the leveling procedure by turning the
clamp screws in POSITION #2 until the plate vial bubble is
once again centered. Loosen the clamp screw and rotate the
total station back to POSITION #1 and repeat the leveling
procedure. This procedure should be repeated from
POSITION #1 to POSITION #2 until both positions remain
centered without further adjustments.

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 • Upon completion of leveling, the "bubble" of the circular vial
(located on the tribrach of the total station just above the
leveling screws) should still remain in the center. If not, return
to step 11 and check the level again.
Powering Up the Total Station
• Turn on the total station by pressing the red power supply
switch (the red square button) once on the back of the total
station. After the machine beeps, the display panel will display
the message: "TURN SCOPE". Loosen the black telescope
clamp screw (the smaller of a two-in-one knob located on the
back of the total station directly above the power supply
switch) by turning the knob counter-clockwise. Pivot the
objective lens assembly vertically at least 90o until the "TURN
SCOPE" message disappears. Now, re-tighten the telescope
clamp screw and remove the lens cover protecting the objective
lens.

ROAD SURVEY
Surveying or land surveying is the technique, profession, and science
of determining the terrestrial or three-dimensional position of points
and the distances and angles between them. A land surveying
professional is called a land surveyor. These points are usually on the
surface of the Earth, and they are often used to establish land maps
and boundaries for ownership, locations like building corners or the
surface location of subsurface features, or other purposes required by
government or civil law, such as property sales.

Surveyors work with elements of geometry, trigonometry, regression

analysis, physics, engineering, metrology, programming languages
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and the law. They use equipment like total stations, robotic total
stations, GPS receivers, retroreflectors, 3D scanners, radios,
handheld tablets, digital levels, drones, GIS and surveying software.

Contour & Contouring

A contour or a contour line may be defined as the line of intersection of
a level surface with the surface of the ground. This means every point
on a contour line has the same altitude as that of assumed intersecting
surface.
The process of tracing contourlines on the surface of the earth is called
countering and the maps upon which these lines are drawn are called
countour maps.
Characteristics of contours
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 • All points in contour line have the same elevation.
• Flat ground is indicated where the countours are widely
separated and the steep ground where they run close together.
• A uniform slope is indicated when they contour lines are
uniformly spaced and plane surface when they are straight,
parallel and equally spaced.
• A series of closed contour lines on the map represents a hill, if
higher values are inside.
• A series of closed contour lines on the map represents a
depression, if higher values are outside.
• Contour lines cannot end anywhere but close on themselves
either within or outside the limits of the map.

CONCLUSION
During my Industrial Training, I gain lot of knowledge
from the Site Er. The Construction is on progress and
work is done very carefully. The modern technique are
used.

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