6.

5 Tutorial questions

1. Find the slope of the line passing through each pair of points:

i. (3, 2) and (7,10)

Answer: 3

ii. (5, 3) and (5,-8)

Answer: slope is undefined

iii. (1, -7) and (9,0)

𝟕
Answer: 𝟖

iv. (-2, 10) and (5,3)

Answer: -1

2. Use the given conditions to write an equation for each line.

i. Passes through (-1,7) and has slope -5

Answer: 𝟓𝒙 + 𝒚 − 𝟐 = 𝟎 𝐨𝐫 𝒚 = −𝟓𝒙 + 𝟐

ii. Passes through the origin and has slope 75

Answer: 𝟕𝟓𝒙 − 𝒚 = 𝟎 𝐨𝐫 𝒚 = 𝟕𝟓𝒙

1
iii. Passes through (-5,5) and has slope - 2

𝟏 𝟓
Answer: 𝒚 = − 𝟐 𝒙+𝟐

5 1
iv. Passes through (− 2, 5) and has slope 3

𝟏 𝟑𝟓
Answer: 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟔𝒚 + 𝟑𝟓 = 𝟎 or 𝒚 = 𝒙 +
𝟑 𝟔

v. Passes through (-6, 1) and (1,4)

𝟑 𝟐𝟓
Answer: 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟕𝒚 + 𝟐𝟓 = 𝟎 or 𝒚 = 𝟕 𝒙 + 𝟕

vi. Has slope 2 and y- intercept 4

 Answer: 𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟒
1
vii. Has slope − 2 and y- intercept -3

𝟏
Answer: 𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟔 = 𝟎 or 𝒚 = − 𝟐 𝒙 − 𝟑

viii. Passes through the points (4, 2), (3, 4) and (2, 6)

Answer : 𝒚 = −𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏𝟎

1.
Which of the following equations might have the graph shown? (Search up to 4
answers)

i. 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 6 𝑦
ii. 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 6
iii. 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 12
iv. 𝑥−𝑦=1
v. 𝑥 − 𝑦 = −1
vi. 𝑦 = −2𝑥 + 1
1
vii. 𝑦 = − 𝑥 + 10
2
𝑥
viii. 𝑦 =𝑥+4

Answer : i, iii, vi, vii

4. Determine whether the lines are parallel, perpendicular, or neither.

i. 𝑦 = −5𝑥 + 7; 𝑦 = −5𝑥 − 3

Answer: Parallel

ii. 𝑦 = 4𝑥 + 3; 𝑦 = 5 + 4𝑥

Answer: Parallel

iii. 𝑦 = 2𝑥; 𝑦 = −2𝑥

Answer: Neither

iv. 𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 5 = 0; 𝑦 = −3𝑥

Answer: Perpendicular

v. 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 0; 𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 4 = 0

Answer : Neither

vi. 3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 4; 𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 1 = 0
 Answer: Perpendicular

5. Write the equation of the vertical line and the horizontal line that pass through
(−6, 5).

Answer : 𝒙 = −𝟔, 𝒚 = 𝟓

6. Find the equation of the line that passes through the point (−2, 2) and is
parallel to the line 2𝑥 − 4𝑦 − 8 = 0

𝟏
Answer : 𝒚 = 𝟐 𝒙 + 𝟑

7. A straight line passes through (1, 2) and (−4, −1). Find the point on it that has an
𝑦 −coordinate of 2.

Answer : 𝒙 = 𝟏

8. Given 𝐶(𝑥) = 21.95𝑥 + 1400 and 𝑅(𝑥) = 20𝑥, find the slope of profit function and
determine what does it mean.

Answer : 1 unit increase of 𝒙, the profit will decrease by RM1.95

9. Find an equation of the line perpendicular to 𝑦 − 2𝑥 + 4 = 0 and passing through

(0, 3).

𝟏
Answer : 𝒚 = − 𝟐 𝒙 + 𝟑

10. Given the function 𝑦 = 4𝑥 − 3, answer the following questions :

i. If 𝑥 increases by 1 unit, what is the corresponding change in 𝑦?

Answer : 4

ii. If 𝑥 decreases by 2 units, what is the corresponding change in 𝑦?

Answer : -8

11. The building is depreciated by its owner, with the value of 𝑦 of the building after
𝑥 months given by 𝑦 = 720 000 − 2000𝑥

i. Find the 𝑦 − intercept of the graph of this function, and explain what it
means.

Answer : the initial value of the building is RM720 000

ii. Find the slope of the graph of this function, and explain what it means.
 Answer : The value of the building decrease RM2000 per year

12. Find the value of 𝑘 if the slope/gradient of the line is 5 and passing through
(𝑘, 15) and (0, 5).

Answer : 𝒌 = 𝟐

13. The price of a car given as 𝑝 depreciates linearly with the age of the car (in years)
given as 𝑡. A brand new car costs RM85000. After 15 years, the car is expected to
be RM10 000. Find

i. The function of 𝑝 in terms of 𝑡

Answer : 𝒑 = −𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒕 + 𝟖𝟓 𝟎𝟎𝟎

ii. The value of the car when the car is 8 years old

Answer : 𝒑 = 𝟒𝟓 𝟎𝟎𝟎 (RM)

iii. The age of the car if the value of the car is RM25000

Answer: 𝒕 = 𝟏𝟐 (years)

14. Every year, 1000 units of generators are bought by Tenaga Nasional Berhad (a
national electric utility company) no matter how much it costs. Determine the
demand function of Tenaga Nasional Berhad.

Answer : 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎

15. A new washing machine depreciates RM99 per year, and it is worth RM800 after
five years. Find a function that describes the value of this washing machine, if 𝑥 is
the age of the television in years.

𝒎 = −𝟗𝟗, (5, 800)

Answer : 𝒚 = −𝟗𝟗𝒙 + 𝟏𝟐𝟗𝟓

16. Based on the agreement between one telecommunications company and Faculty
of Management and Economics (FPE), RM 500 need to be paid by FPE no matter
how many calls are made in a month. Find the monthly supply function.

Answer : 𝒚 = 𝟓𝟎𝟎

17. A doctor purchased a new car in 2001 for RM 32 000. In 2004, he sold it to a friend
for RM 26 000. Find and interpret the slope.

Answer: The car depreciated RM 2 000 per year

18. A small business predicts its revenue growth by a straight-line method with a
slope of RM50, 000 per year. In its fifth year, it had revenues of RM330, 000. Find
an equation that describes the relationship between revenues, R, and the number
of years, T, since it opened for business

Answer : 𝑹 = 𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒙 + 𝟖𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎

19. A new applied mathematics program at a university has grown in enrolment by

14 students per year for the last five years. If the program enrolled 50 students in
its third year, what is an equation for the number of students S in the program as
a function of the number of years T since its inception?

Answer: S = 14T + 8

20. The demand per week for smart phone sets is 1200 units when the price is RM575
each and 800 units when the price is RM725 each. Find the demand equation for
the sets, assuming that it is linear.

𝟑
Answer: 𝒑 = − 𝟖 q + 1025

21. A house purchased for RM225 000 is expected to double in value in 15 years. Find
a linear function that describe the house's value after 𝑡 years.

Answer : 𝒚 = 𝟏𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒙 + 𝟐𝟐𝟓 𝟎𝟎𝟎

22. The management of ABC Ltd that manufactures power banks has fixed cost of
RM300 per day and total costs of RM4300 per day at an output of 100 power
banks per day. Assume that cost 𝐶 is linearly related to output 𝑥. Find a linear
function relating output to cost.

Answer : 𝑪 = 𝟒𝟎𝒙 + 𝟑𝟎𝟎

23. A cereal company finds that the number of people who will buy one of its product
the first month it is introduced is linearly related to the amount of money it spends
on advertising. If it spends RM4000 on advertising, 100 000 boxes of cereal will
be sold, and if it spends RM6000, then 300 000 boxes will be sold.

i. Find a linear function describing the relation between the amount A

spent on the advertising, and the number of N boxes sold.

𝟏
Answer : ∴ 𝑨 = 𝑵 + 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟎𝟎

ii. How much advertising is needed to sell 200, 000 boxes of cereal

Answer : A = 5000

iii. Write a practical sentence expressing how A changes for each unit
increase in N .
 Answer : when N increase by one (unit) the advertising cost will
𝟏
increase about 0.01 (or 𝟏𝟎𝟎)

24. An electric utility company charges residential customer 12.5 cents per kilowatt-
hour plus a base charge each month. One customer’s monthly bill comes to RM
51.65 for 380 kilowatt-hours. Find a linear function that describes the total
monthly charges for electricity if x is the number of kilowatt- hours used in a
month.

Answer: 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟐𝟓𝒙 + 𝟒. 𝟏𝟓

25. A restaurant owner starts the business with debts of RM100, 000. After operating
for five years, he has accumulated a profit of RM30, 000. Find a profit function;
𝑃(𝑥), that describes the relationship between profit and the number of years 𝑥
(assuming that the relationship is linear), since he starts the business.

(0, -100 000) (5, 30 000)

Answer : 𝒚 = 𝟐𝟔 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒙 − 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎𝟎

26. For reasons of comparison, a professor wants to rescale the scores on a set of test
papers so that the maximum score is still 100, but the average is 65 instead of 56.

i. Find a linear equation that will do this [Hint: You want 56 to become 65
and 100 to remain 100. Consider the points (56,65) and (100,100) and,
more generally, (x,y), where x is the old score and y is the new score. Find
the slope and use a point-slope form. Express y in terms of x].

𝟑𝟓 𝟐𝟐𝟓
Answer: 𝒚 = 𝒙+
𝟒𝟒 𝟏𝟏

ii. If 62 on the new scale is the lowest passing score, what was the lowest
passing score on the original scale?

Answer: 52.2 is the lowest passing score on original scale

27. According to Beautiful Malaysia Automobile Association (BMAA), the average

annual cost of operating a standard-sized car, including petrol, tires and
maintenance is RM0.54 per kilometer in 2016.

i. Find a linear function that relates the average cost C of operating a

standard-sized car and the number of 𝑥 of kilometers it is driven.

Answer : 𝑪 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟒𝒙

ii. What is the annual cost if you drive 15, 000 kilometers?

Answer : 𝑪 = 𝟖𝟏𝟎𝟎 (RM)

 iii. Write a practical sentence expressing how C changes for every unit
increase in 𝑥 ?

Answer : every additional 1 kilometer, the cost will increase by

RM0.54

28. A company that manufactures bicycles has a fixed cost of RM100 000 for
equipment and facilities. It cost RM100 in parts and labour to produce each
bicycle. The bicycle will sell for RM300 each. Let 𝑥 represents the number of
bicycle produced and sold,

i. write the revenue function, 𝑅(𝑥)

Answer : 𝑹(𝒙) = 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝒙

ii. write the cost function, 𝐶(𝑥).

Answer : 𝑪(𝒙) = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎𝟎 + 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝒙

iii. find the number of bicycles needed to be sold in order for the company
to get profit.

Answer : to get profit, the company must sell at least 501 units

29. A house purchased for RM 245 000 is expected to double in value in 15 years. Find
a liner equation that describes the house’s value after t years.
𝟒𝟗 𝟎𝟎𝟎
Answer: 𝒚 = 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙 + 𝟐𝟒𝟓 𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝟑

Figure 1

30. The sales manager of one bookstore plotted sales versus times for the last 5 years
and found the point to lie approximately along a straight line (Figure 1).

i. Find the trend line, assuming that it is linear.

 Answer : 𝒚 = 𝟏𝟎𝒙 + 𝟏𝟎

ii. Using the trend line in (i), determine the sales figure predicted for the
sixth year.

Answer : 𝒚 = 𝟕𝟎 (in thousand dollars)