1. How many receptors does the membrane protein 9.

Which of the following events contribute to the

have for Na+ ions? rhythmicity of action potential discharges of the heart
a) 1 and smooth muscle?
b) 2 a) Membranes are less permeable to Sodium or
c) 3 Calcium compared to Potassium
d) 4 b) Movement of positive ions inward to increase
membrane voltage in the positive direction, with
2. Compare Ca and Na which is NOT TRUE further increase in the membrane permeability.
a) Both Ca and Na depolarize membrane during c) Increase in K+ conductance causing the rapid
action potential loss of potassium to the extracellular space.
b) Ca flows into cell 10-20 times slower than Na d) Increasing the duration if hyperpolarization.
c) Ca is more abundant than Na in cardiac and
smooth muscle
d) Ca in most cells pump into cytoplasm from 10. The following substances are shuttled through the
extracellular fluid and sarcoplasm cell membrane via co-transport mechanism,
EXCEPT:
3. All of the ff are characteristics of protein channels a) Glucose
except. b) Amino acids
a) Non-selective permeability c) Chloride ions
b) Can be closed or opened by gates d) Calcium
c)
d) None of the above. 11. Responsible for restabilization back to resting
membrane potential
answer: Na-K pump to balance high intracellular
4. Which of the ff. statements concerning propagation na concentration
of action potential is not correct?
a) Ap prop is faster in large tissue fibers than small 12. Action potential
tissue fibers
b) Ap prop is faster for strong stimuki than weak 13. Which of the following reflects the relationship
stimuli between Ca2+ level to the propagation of neuronal
c) During conduction of AP, current flows from membrane potential
active area to adjacent inactive area decreasing
potential in inactive area to threshold 14. What is the reason the smooth muscle is economic.
d) AP prop is faster in myelinated fibers than — Answer because it usues only one atp
unmyelinated.
15. When does the Inactivation Gate opens
5. The following molecules can pass through a cell a) +35
Membrane via Simple Disffusion, except: b) 0
a) Alcohol c) -90mv
b) Nitrogen d) -55mv
c) Oxygen
d) Amino Acids 16. Something about why hndi striated ang smooth
muscle
6. What is responsible for the the plateau in Activation
potential of Cardiac Muscles 17. At which membrane potential does the inactivation
a) Activate/Open of Voltage gated Sodium gate of the Na voltage-gated channels closes?
channels
b) Slow closure of Calcium-Sodium pump 18. The resting membrane potential of smooth muscle is..
c) Slow opening of voltage gated calcium and a) More negative than skeletal
potassium channels b) Higher than skeletal
d) Increase permeability of Potassium and closure c) Equal to skeletal
of Sodium-calcium pump d) None of the above
7. Which of the ff is true of carrier proteins?
a) has 3 binding sites 19. At what level of membrane potential action gate of Na
b) beta subunit is larger + does the voltage-gated channel open?
c) composed of two globular proteins
d) all above 20. At what voltage does +K gated channels opens
e) none of the above
21. Major factor that determines the force.of contraction
8. In active transport, the energy released by Na ions in smooth muscles
causes one molecule to go outside and the other answer: fraction of time (attachment of
molecule to go inside the cell answer: counter crossbridges to actin filaments)
transport
22. Characteristic of syncytial smooth muscle/What
makes it a syncytial smooth muscle
23. Which does not happen in point A-B? 31. All syncytial EXCEPT
a) Inactive gates of Na voltage gated channels are a) Blood vessels
close b) Ureter
b) c) Pilo erector muscle
c) Na K Pumps are active d) Bile duct
d)
32. Resting membrane potential (refer to image in #28)
24. Ca2+ in smooth muscles mainly came from:
a) A. ECF 33. Following are characteristics of smooth muscle
b) B. sarcoplasmic Reticulum except

25. All are causes of smooth muscle relaxation, EXCEPT
a) increased H ions
b) decreased Ca
c) decreased O2
d) decreased K
26. What causes membrane potentential to increase from
- 90 mv to - 65?
a) Increase Na by binding with ach(?)
b) Increase 100 fold K membrane permeability
c) Increase Na by mechanical stimulus(?)
d) Increase Na K pump activity
34. Dense bodies in smooth muscle
answer: z disc
35. Depolarization (refer to image in #28)
36. The type of action potential in smooth muscle is
necessary in the prolonged period of contraction that
occurs in the uterus
a) Spike potential
b) Action Potential with Plateau
c) Action Potential without Plateau
d) Slow Wave Potential

27. Smooth muscle can be stimulated to contract by: 37. What is the normal resting membrane potential of the
a) neuronal factors smooth muscle?
b) Hormonal factors answer: -50 to -60 mV
c) local factors
d) all of the above 38. Which of the following does not affect the net
diffusion rate?
28. Relative refractory period a) Diffusion co-efficient
a) A. From D to E b) Electric potential
b) B. From C to E c) Pressure difference
c) C. From D to F d) None of the above
d) D. From E to F
39. Smooth muscle resting membrane potential
answer: -50 to -60mV

40. Where does the calcium for skeletal muscle primarily

come from?
a) Sarcoplasmic reticulum
b) Extracellular fluid
c) Sarcoplasm

41. The load is greater than the tension or force by the

muscle
answer: Isometric

42. Which is truebof myasthenia gravis

a) it occurs at about 5 out of 20000 people
b) it is hereditary
c) It causes muscular paralysis due to inability of
neuromuscular junction to transmit enough signal
29. Vesicles that innervate smooth muscle fibers are the d) antibodies that attack the acetylcholine gated
following except: sodium ions channel is found in blood of px
a) Acetylcholine
b) Norepinephrine 43. Resting membrane potential for skeletal muscle
c) Epinephrine answer: 90mV
d) None of the above
44. Why does it take smooth muscle longer to contract?
30. Best explains failure of propagation of action potential Or why is contraction in smooth muscle longer than
a) Blockage of K+ skeletal muscle.
b) Blockage of Na+ answer: Longer attachment of myosin to actin?
c) Replacement of K+ by slow Ca++
d) Replacement of Na+ by slow Ca++
45. Which of the ff. will demonstrate sustained muscle
spasm?
a) R a p i d d e g r e d a t i o n o f A c h b y
acetylcholinesterase
b) Giving drugs with Ach-like action
c) Inactivation of acetylcholinesterase
d) Blocking of Ach receptors

46. Which of the following inhibits the enzyme

acetylcholinesterase?
answer: Neostigmine

47. Opening of acetylcholine gated channel will trigger

passage of what particular ion to enter the muscle
fiber creating an end plate potential
a) Ca
b) Na
c) K
d) Mg

48. Which drug deactivates acetylcholinesterase

a) Neostigmine

49. Myasthenia Gravis can be ameliorated for several

hours by administering this drug.
c) neostigmine

50. Which of the statement is true regarding skeletal

muscle action potential?
a) Velocity of conduction at around 5-10 m/s
b) Duration of action potential is 1-5 milliseconds
c) Resting membrane potential is around -70 to -80
millivolts
d) Normally capable of prolonged and sustained
contraction.

51. True about carrier protein(?)

a) 3 subunits
b) Beta is largest
c) Made of 2 globular proteins
d) None of the above

52. The type of diffusion approaches a maximum (Vmax)

as the concentration of the substance increases:
a) Facilitated diffusion
b) Simple diffusion
c) Primary active transport

53. This type of action potential in smooth muscle is

necessary for prolonged period of contraction that
occurs in the uterus:
answer: Action potential with plateau

54. Relaxation of smooth muscle is primarily influenced

by:
answer: Phosphoryllation of the light chain head
of the myosin

55. ion that cause action potential in smooth muscle

56. membrane potential for K voltage channel opening

57. Effect on Local Anaesthetic Procaine in smooth

muscle?
answer: Affect the sodium channels directly so
that it is harder to open.