THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MANGO LEAVES EXTRACT

IN DECREASING WHITE BLOOD CELLS

A Research

Presented to the

Faculty of Senior High School Department

Systems Plus College Foundation

In Partial Fulfillment

In the Requirement for the Subject

Practical Research II

By:

BENEDICTO, KENT CARLO T. MACABANTI, JOHN VINCENT

CALDERON, ANTHONY ED NERI, MARTIN WENDEL L.

CANLAS, AILA MAE M. PADIERNOS, ANNE JOELLE A.

CORTEZ, COLEEN KEITH PAGCU, CARLA KATE L.

DE LEON, ARJAY D. SANGAB, CHARLS DARWIN P.

March 2018
 APPROVAL SHEET

This research entitled “THE EFFECTIVES OF MANGO LEAVES

EXTRACT IN DECREASING WHITE BLOOD CELLS” prepared and submitted by

BENEDICTO, KENT CARLO T., CALDERON, ANTHONY ED, CANLAS, AILA

MAE M., CORTEZ, COLEEN KEITH, DE LEON, ARJAY D., MACABANTI,

JOHN VINCENT, NERI, MARTIN WENDEL L., PADIERNOS, ANNE JOELLE

A., PAGCU, CARLA KATE L., SANGAB, CHARLS DARWIN P. has been

recommended for approval.

Maria Lourdes M. Liscano

Adviser

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

PANEL

Approved by panelist on March 1, 2018.

Mariane T. Espeleta

Chairman

Alvin M. Celis Mary Ann N. Pare Anthony Banal

Member Member Member

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Date: _____________________ Maria Lourdes M. Liscano

Practical Research Teacher

Date: _____________________ Marilou I. Alfonso

Academic Coordinator
 Acknowledgement

We, the researchers would like to express the gratefulness of our hearts to

everyone who have contributed and extended their never-ending assistance to complete

this study.

Above anyone else, we would like to thank the Almighty God for the guidance,

wisdom and perseverance that He has bestowed upon us to accomplish this research.

We would like to give our sincere gratitude to our research advisers, Ms. Maria

Lourdes Liscano and Mr. Justin Musni for continuously extending their support to

conduct this study. The patience, encouragement, and their knowledgeable minds are well

appreciated.

We would also like to thank the panelists, for their keen observation and

formidable questions which motivated us to broaden our minds to our research by

looking from multiple perspectives.

All of our classmates and friends are all highly appreciated, for their help,

positivity, and motivation for each one of us. We would also like to thank our parents for

their constant support and encouragement to us from gathering the materials and

remained until the oral defense.

Lastly, we would like to extend our thankful hearts to everyone who helped,

supported and inspired us to accomplish this research.

 Dedication

This dissertation is dedicated to the patients who are affected by leukemia. This is

also dedicated to our parents, friends, teachers, classmates and especially to the Almighty

Lord who served as an inspiration throughout the study.

- The Researchers
 Table of Contents

Page

Title Page 1

Approval Sheet 2

Acknowledgment 3

Dedication 4

Table of Content 5

Figures 7

Abstract 8

INTRODUCTION

Introduction 9

Statement of the Problem 9

Hypotheses 10

Paradigm of the Study 11

Conceptual Framework

Theoretical Explanatiom

METHODOLOGY

Research Design 17

Participants 17

Sampling Technique 17

Instrument 18

Procedure 18
RESULTS

Results 20

DISCUSSION

Conclusion 26

Recommendations 26

References 28

Appendices 31
 List of Figures and Tables

Page

Figure 1. Paradigm of the Study 13

Table 1. Blood analysis results of controlled group.

Table 2. Blood analysis results of experimental group.

Table 3.Mean of white blood cell count of controlled and experimental group in 10 days

Figure 1. Mean of white blood cell count of controlled and experimental group in 10 days
 Abstract

A study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of mango leaves extract in

decreasing white blood cells. A total of six (6) male mice were used and distributed into

two (2) treatments with three (3) replications. The treatments were as follows: Treatment

0 (Distilled water); Treatment 1 (Mango leaves extract). The mice were acclimatized for

three days prior to the treatment. Treatment 0 was treated with 0.5ml of distilled water

and Treatment 1 was treated with 0.5ml of mango leaves extract for seven (7) days

through oral gavage method. Initial count of white blood cells, after 3 days and 7 days of

treatment, blood samples were collected through tail amputation and processed in Ospital

Ning Angeles. Results showed that there was a reduction in white blood cells in

Treatment 1 (Mango leaves extract) and the results in Treatment 0 (Distilled water)

increased. Based on the findings and t-test statistical tool, mango leaves extract is

effective in decreasing white blood cells.

 Introduction

Leukemia, also known as blood cancer is one of the major health problem

nowadays. The Department of Health (DOH) ranked leukemia as the 4th cancer killer in

the Philippines. A normal person produces billions of new blood cells made in the bone

marrow every day, most of them are red blood cells, but when the person has leukemia,

their body makes more white blood cells than it needs. The type of white blood cells that

leukemia produces are abnormal and are different with normal white blood cells.

Abnormal lymphocytes can't fight infection the way normal white blood cells do and

because they're abundant, they start to affect the way major organs work. Eventually, the

abnormal lymphocytes continue to grow and divide, and will crowd out the normal blood

cells. The end result is that it becomes difficult for the body to fight infections, control

bleeding, and transport oxygen because there aren’t enough red blood cells.

Treatments for leukemia include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, biological

therapy, targeted therapy, and stem cell transplant. Combinations of these treatments may

also be used. The problem with these treatments is the cost especially for Filipinos that

the need to find a cheaper option is sought after.

This lead to a study which seeks possible ways to treat leukemia. The researchers

came up to leverage the extract from mango leaves because of its abundance in the

Philippines, it also has calcium which was proven to lower white blood cell count and

that it contains certain amino acids which helps in fighting cancer in the body. Mango

leaves extracts present potential use in pharmaceutical applications as chemo preventive

agent of diseases relates with oxidative stress giving numerous antioxidant and healthy

properties in our body. (Ponce, Casas, Mantell, Ossa, 2013)

 Literature Review

Administration by Oral Gavage

Turner, Brabb, Pekow, Vasbinder (2011) Liquid compounds may be administered

directly into the stomach of mice and rats via a technique called oral gavage. In this

procedure a stainless steel bulb tipped gavage needle or a flexible cannula or tube is

attached to a syringe and used to deliver the compound into the stomach. Gavage needles

come in mouse and rat sizes and lengths. The correct needle or cannula length is equal to

the distance from the mouth to just beyond the last rib. The recommended maximum

volume for administration is 1% of body weight (e.g., a 20 gm mouse can be given 0.2

ml).

The animal should be gently restrained (grasp the animal by the loose skin of the

neck and back) to immobilize the head but not such that the animal vocalizes or shows

other signs of distress. Maintain the animal in an upright (vertical) position and pass the

gavage needle along the side of the mouth. Following the roof of the mouth, advance the

needle into the esophagus and toward the stomach. If resistance is encountered you may

be attempting to enter the trachea and you should alter your needle position. After the

needle is passed to the correct length, the compound may be injected. If the animal

coughs, chokes or begins to struggle after compound administration begins you may be

injecting material into the lungs. If this occurs stop and withdraw the needle immediately.

If it appears that material has been injected into the lungs the animal should be

euthanized. Struggling during administration or excessive force in advancing the needle

may lead to rupture of the esophagus or stomach. If you suspect this has occurred the
animal should be euthanized. Sedation or anesthesia prior to oral gavage is not

recommended as this will increase the risk of aspiration pneumonia.

Major Mango Polyphenols and Their Potential Significance to Human Health

According to Masibo(2008), the mango is a rich source of various polyphenolic

compounds. The major polyphenols in the mango in terms of antioxidative capacity

and/or quantity are: mangiferin, catechins, quercetin, kaempferol, rhamnetin,

anthocyanins, gallic and ellagic acids, propyl and methyl gallate, benzoic acid, and

protocatechuic acid. The nutraceutical and pharmaceutical significance of mangiferin,

which is a special polyphenol in the mango has been extensively demonstrated and

continues to attract much attention especially in its potential to combat degenerative

diseases like heart diseases and cancer. The amounts of the different polyphenolic

compounds in the mango vary from part to part (pulp, peel, seed, bark, leaf, and flower)

with most polyphenols being found in all the parts. Mango polyphenols, like other

polyphenolic compounds, work mainly as antioxidants, a property that enables them to

protect human cells against damage due to oxidative stress leading to lipid peroxidation,

DNA damage, and many degenerative diseases. Use of pure isolated compounds has been

found to be less effective than the use of crude mixtures from the particular mango part

suggesting that synergism of the various mango polyphenols is important for maximum

antioxidative activity. In this article, we review the major mango polyphenols, looking at

their proposed antioxidative activity, estimated amounts in the different parts, their

structures, suggested modes of action, and related significance to human health, with

great emphasis on mangiferin.

EVALUATION OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF MANGO

(MANGIFERA INDICA LINN) STEM BARK AND LEAVES

Okwu and Ezenagu (2008) studied the Phytochemical Contents and Medicinal

Values of MangiferaIndica Stem, Barks and Leaves were investigated. The results

showed that the plant parts contain the presence of bioactive compounds comprising

alkaloids (0.84 – 9.66 mg 100 g -1), flavonoids (6.86 – 11.24 mg 100 g –1), saponins

(3.22 – 8.48 mg 100 g –1), tannins (0.09 – 0.75 mg 100 g –1) and phenols (0.09 – 0.75

mg. 100 g –1). The plant also contains water soluble vitamins comprising ascorbic acid

(7.92 – 29.92 mg. 100 g –1), riboflavin (0.08 – 0.09 mg. 100 g –1), niacin (0.55 – 0.75

mg 100 g –1) and thiamine (0.02 – 0.45 mg. 100 g -1 ). Both plant parts are good

sources of minerals such as Ca, Mg, K, Zn, Cu and Cd. These results showed that

extract from mango (Mangiferaindica) stem barks and leaves may have antioxidant,

anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory functions.

MangiferaIndica Leaves Extract Effect on Liver Function in Experimental Animal

Studies

According to Nadella and Kumar (2016), this experimental study was

undertaken to see the hepatoprotective activity of ethanol extract of Mangifera-indica

dried leaves against CCl4 induced acute liver damage on albino rats. CCl4 (1ml/kg)

significantly elevated the serum levels of biochemical markers like SGPT, SGOT, ALP,

Total bilirubin, Protein and depleted antioxidant enzymes GSH upon administration of

CCl4 (1ml/kg) to albino rats. After treatment with MI leaf Extract (300mg/kg), MI leaf

Extract (600mg/kg) for two weeks there is significantly reduced the elevated levels of
biochemical markers mentioned above. These results suggest that this MI leaf Extract

may have the potential therapeutic value in the treatment of CCl4 induced hepatic

damage and some liver diseases. Hepatoprotective activity of this extract may be

attributed to the anti-oxidant principles in it.

MangiferaIndica (Mango)

According to Shar, Patel, Patel and Parmar (2008), mangiferaindicais

commonly used herb in ayurvedic medicine. Although review articles on this plant are

already published, but this review article is presented to compile all the updated

information on its phytochemical and pharmacological activities, which were performed

widely by different methods. Studies indicate mango possesses antidiabetic, anti-

oxidant, anti-viral, cardiotonic, hypotensive, anti-inflammatory properties. Various

effects like antibacterial, anti fungal, anthelmintic, anti parasitic, anti tumor, anti HIV,

antibone resorption, antispasmodic, antipyretic, antidiarrhoeal, antiallergic,

immunomodulation, hypolipidemic, anti microbial, hepatoprotective, gastroprotective

have also been studied. These studies are very encouraging and indicate this herb should

be studied more extensively to confirm these results and reveal other potential

therapeutic effects. Clinical trials using mango for a variety of conditions should also be

conducted.
Leukemia

According to Golor (2014), among the health issues given focused during the

month of September is leukemia, which is among the top five cancer killers in the

country. Various health, medical, private, public, and nongovernment organizations and

institutions coalesce during the month to help further raise awareness and understanding

of the disease. Locally, these groups call September as the “Leukemia Awareness

Month” while the month is also known as “Blood Cancer Awareness Month”

internationally. Leukemia or blood cancer is another silent disease in our midst. In the

US, one person is diagnosed with a blood cancer every three minutes. These blood

cancers include leukemia and lymphoma, myeloma and myelodysplastic syndromes,

according to the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society (LLS). The Department of Health

(DOH) ranks leukemia as the 4th cancer killer in the Philippines. A Philippine Health

Advisories Report places leukemia as the 5th in overall mortality. Meanwhile, a

Globocan Report in 2012 said that the incidence of leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple

myeloma in the Philippines is at 6,858. The group of diseases called leukemia,

lymphoma, myeloma, myelodysplastic syndromes, and myeloproliferative neoplasms

are types of cancer that can specifically affect the bone marrow, blood cells, lymph

nodes, and other parts of the lymphatic system. Leukemia and blood cancer develop

when “abnormal” cells multiply and survive outside of the normal and usual

environment which controls the healthy cells. The growth in number and proliferation

of these abnormal cells in the marrow, blood or lymphatic tissue have an impact on and

wreak havoc with the production and normal functioning of the blood cells: red cells,

white cells, and platelets. This can lead to severe anemia, bleeding, an impaired ability
to fight infection, or even death. It is important to understand that the bone marrow has

two vital jobs. First is to form the myeloid cells, myeloid leukemia can begin in these

cells. Second is to form lymphocytes, which are a part of the immune system.

Lymphocytic leukemia can arise in these cells. Leukemia is called lymphocytic or

lymphoblastic if the cancerous change takes place in a type of marrow cell that forms

lymphocytes. The leukemia is called myelogenous or myeloid if the cell change takes

place in a type of marrow cell that normally goes on to form red blood cells, some kinds

of white blood cells and platelets.

Medical researchers do not know categorically the causes and origins of most cases of

leukemia. The four most common types of leukemia are: acute myeloid leukemia

(AML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and

chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The name of a particular leukemia comes from

the type of cell that is affected, such as a myeloid cell or a lymphoid cell, and whether

the disease begins in mature or immature cells. Other types of leukemia and related

disorders include: hairy cell leukemia, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), and

juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML.) There are few definitive early screening

procedures to prevent these diseases. With appropriate medical management and

control, patients live full and productive lives many years after the initial diagnosis.

Patients afflicted with different types of leukemia require different types of treatment

and management. But certain types of leukemia have commonality: they begin in a cell

in the bone marrow, and this particular cell undergoes a change and becomes a type of

leukemia cell. Significant progress in biopharmaceutical research and development has

led to steady improvements in cancer survivorship rates, the Pharmaceutical Research

Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) said. In 1960-1963, five-year survival for non-

Hodgkin lymphoma was 40%, and for leukemia, just 14%. In 2001-2007, the five-year

survival rate had climbed to 86% and 57% respectively, according to the LLS. Nearly

all of these gains were due to improvements in treatment. PhRMA said that in 2013

there were 241 medicines in the pipeline representing new approaches to treating blood

cancers, with many using new mechanisms to attack the disease. All these medicines are

in clinical trials or under review by the US Food and Drug Administration.

The Effect of Mangiferaindica (Mango) Leaf Crude Extract in the Wound Healing

Properties of Rattusnorvegicus (Sprague Dawley)

This study was conducted by Nuevo and Bernardino (2013) to evaluate the effects

of Mangiferaindica (Mango) leaf crude extract on the wound healing properties of

Rattusnorvegicus (Sprague Dawley). The phytochemical components, bioactivity and

wound healing potentials of Mangiferaindica leaf crude extract in the wound healing

properties of Rattusnorvegicus, The wound healing property of Mangiferaindica is

attributed to a certain phytochemical constituents mainly tannins, which can facilitate the

processes of healing by increasing collagen formation and epithelization.

The male Rattusnorvegicus was divided into three groups was inflicted by

excising a full thickness wound created on the predetermined dorsal nape area via

surgical procedure. The three groups were treated topically with Bactroban, sterilized

distilled water and the leaf crude extract of Mangiferaindica once a day from day 0 to 14.

Macroscopically, the wounds were evaluated and the measurement were compared by
using Mann-Whitney Test to show the significance between the wound size treated with

Bactroban and Mangiferaindica leaf crude extract and also by comparing the wound size

treated with Mangiferaindica leaf crude extract and the negative control (sterile distilled

water). The Mangiferaindica leaf crude extract had significantly (p<0.05) promoted

wound healing compared to the positive and negative controls.

Research Problem

This research aimed to determine the effect of mango leaves extract in decreasing

white blood cells. This study sought to answer the following questions:

1. Is mango leaves extract effective in decreasing white blood cells?

2. Is there a significant difference between treatment 1 and treatment 2?

Paradigm of the Study

The researchers used the IPO or the Input-Process-Output model in the conceptual

framework of the study. The IPO model identifies the input, output and the required

processing task to transform input into output. The researchers explained the IPO model

through Theoretical Explanation that further discussed the conceptual framework.

 I P O

 Mango leaves  Extraction  Decreased count

 Mortar and pestle  Acclimation of white blood
 Gavage  Blood sampling cells
 6 male mice  Administration of
treatment
 Blood analysis

The researchers conducted an experiment observing the effectiveness of mango

leaves extract as a natural compound in reducing white blood cell count. The researchers

extracted the mango leaves using mortar and pestle. The experimental mice will be up for

white blood count check. The albino mice will then be acclimatized to the current

environment for three days. Then the researchers will use the mango leaves extract to the

experimental mice orally. The amount of plant extracts will be prepared so that all the

experiment on mice will be given 0.5 ml each (Guevarra, 2008). Liquid compounds may

be administered directly into the stomach of mice and rats via a technique called oral

gavage for 7 days. In this procedure a stainless steel bulb tipped gavage needle or a

flexible cannula or tube is attached to a syringe and used to deliver the compound into the

stomach of the experimental mice (Turner, Brabb, Pekow and Vasbinder, 2011) will then

undergo white blood count check after being treated with the mango leaf extract. The

results of the blood count check will determine the effectiveness of mango leaves extract

in reducing white blood cell count.

 Methodology

Research Design

This study utilized the quantitative experimental method of research to evaluate

the potential of mango leaves extract in decreasing the count of white blood cells using

albino mice as the subject. This study is an experiment where the researcher manipulates

one variable and control the rest of the variables. Also, qualitative observations were

gathered during the treatment. In the experiment of 6 albino mice were analyzed. The

treatments of the study were as follows:

Treatment 0 (T0): Distilled Water

Treatment 1 (T1): Mango Leaves Extract

Instrument

The instruments used in this study are gavage tube, mango leaves, capillary tube,

mortar and pestle. Blood analysis took place in Ospital ning Angeles. Data were analyzed

through the use of t-test statistical tool.

Procedure

I. Collection of Plant Specimen and Preparation of Extract

The Mango leaves were collected from the vicinity of Systems Plus

College Foundation and washed thoroughly using distilled water to remove

impurities. The mango leaves were extracted using mortar and pestle.
II. Preparation of Respondents

A total of six (6) male albino mice were used in the experiment. The

mice were divided into two groups which were the treatment 0 and treatment

1. The mice were acclimatized for three (3) days prior to the experiment. They

were fed equally with the commercial feeds for mice and distilled water.

III. Administration of Treatment

The three (3) mice in treatment 0 (To) were given .05 mL dosage of

distilled water for ten (10) days while the three (3) mice in treatment 1 (T1)

were given 0.5mL of mango leaves extract. The treatments were given

through gavage method.

IV. Collection and Analyzation of Blood Sample

The blood samples were collected through tail amputation. Blood

samples were collected from the mice before being treated for their initial

white blood cell count, after 3 days of being treated and after one week of

treatment. The blood samples were collected and analyzed in Ospital Ning

Angeles.
 Results

Effects of Treatments on the White Blood Cell Count of the Experimental Mice

White blood cell count: Normal Range 4.0-10.0 x 109/ L

Name Initial Day3 Day7 Day10

T0R1 11.8 12.1 12.9 12.6

T0R2 12.1 12.8 13.8 13.1

T0R3 11.07 11.07 12 12

Table 1. Blood analysis results of controlled group.

White blood cell count: Normal Range 4.0-10.0 x 109/ L

Name Initial Day3 Day7 Day10

T1R1 11.06 10.8 10.6 9.9

T1R2 13.1 10.1 8.3 7.9

T1R3 11.5 9.11 7.7 7.4

Table 2. Blood analysis results of experimental group.

 White blood cell count: Normal Range 4.0-10.0 x 109/ L

Treatment Initial Day 3 Day 7 Day 10

𝑇𝑜 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 11.66 12.63 12.91 12.57

(-8) (-11)

𝑇1 𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑜 𝐿𝑒𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑠 𝐸𝑥𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡 11.87 9.74 8.87 8.4

(18) (25)

Table 3.Mean of white blood cell count of controlled and experimental group in 10 days

() Percent reduction in white blood cell count

14

12

10

8
T₀
6 T₁
4

0
Initial 3 Days 7 Days 10 Days

Figure 2. Mean of white blood cell count of controlled and experimental group in 10 days
 Discussion

Table 1 and Table 2 present the white blood cell count (blood analysis

results) of the controlled and the experimental group throughout the duration of the study.

Table 3 and Figure 2 present the mean of the white blood cell count of the

two (2) treatments throughout the duration of the study. Significant reduction in white

blood cells occurred on the 10th day of the study. Treatment 1(Mango leaves extract)

showed significant reduction in white blood cells as compared to Treatment 1(Distilled

water).

Talcott et al, (2011)stated that polyphenol extracts from mango promotes

anticancer activity in certain colon and breast cancer cells in lab. The polyphenols also

showed some effects on lung and prostate cancers. Polyphenolics, more specifically

Gallotannins, belong to a class of bioactive compounds that can prevent to stop cancer

cells.

In this study, mango leaves extract was used to decrease the white blood

cells of the experimental group. The process used in this study is extraction, acclimation,

blood sampling, administration of treatment and blood analysis. Based on the results,

reduction of white blood cells occurred in 10 days.

 Conclusion

Based on the findings and t-test statistical tool, with 98% level of

confidence, the researchers claim that there is enough evidence to assert that mango

leaves extract decreases white blood cell count. Mango leaves extract exhibits potential

use in pharmaceutical applications as chemo preventive agent of diseases relates with

oxidative stress giving numerous antioxidant and healthy properties in our body. The

compounds of mangifera indica leaves are calcium and amino acids which was proven to

lower down white blood cell count that can be an alternative or a possible treatment in

treating leukemia.
 Recommendations

Based on the findings, the following recommendations are forwarded:

Since the data gathered were only focused in the effects of mango leaves extract

in white blood cells, it is recommended that the red blood cells, platelet count and other

components of blood should also be observed. It is also recommended to perform the

study in a longer period of time and to do further studies.

 References

Golor R. (2014, September 26) Leukemia. Philippine Council for Health Research and

Development Retrieved from: http://www.pchrd.dost.gov.ph/index.php/news/

library-health-news/3371-leukemia

Masibo, M. (2008) Major Mango Polyphenols and their Potential Significance to Human

Health. Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety. Retrieved

from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1541-4337.2008.00047.x/full

Nadella S. K, Kumar N. R. Mangifera Indica Leaves Extract Effect on Liver Function in

Experimental Animal Studies. Biomed Pharmacol J 2016;9(3). Retrieved from:

http://biomedpharmajournal.org/?p=10760

Nuevo, J. M. & Bernardino, E. K.. (2013). The Effect of Mangifera indica (Mango) Leaf

Crude Extract in the Wound Healing Properties of Rattus norvegicus (Sprague

Dawley). Fatima University Research Journal, 5(1). Retrieved from

https://ejournals.ph/article.php?id=895

Okwu D. E. and Ezenagu V. (2008) EVALUATION OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL

COMPOSITION OF MANGO (MANGIFERA INDICA LINN) STEM BARK

AND LEAVES. SADGURU PUBLICATIONS. Retrieved from:

http://www.tsijournals.com/articles/evaluation-of-the-phytochemical-

composition-of-mango-mangifera-indica-linn-stem-bark-and-leaves.pdf

Santiago, A.S. (2008). Mangifera indica Linn. StuartXChange. Org. Retrieved From:

http://www.stuartxchange.org/Mangga.html
Shah, K. A, Patel, M. B, Patel, R.J and Parmar, P.K (2010). Mangifera Indica (Mango).

Pharmacognosy Review. Retrieved from:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/ PMC3249901/

Turner PV, Brabb T, Pekow C, Vasbinder MA (2011). Administration of Substances to

Laboratory Animals: Routes of Administration and Factors to Consider.

JAALAS 50 (5): 600-613. Retrieved from:

https://www.research.psu.edu/arp/experimental-guidelines/administration-

by-oral-gavage.html
 Appendices

APPENDIX 1 – APPROVAL SHEET FOR RESEARCH CONDUCTION

APPENDIX 2 – CERTIFICATION BY STATISTICIAN

CERTIFICATION

This certifies that the research titled: “THE EFFECTIVES OF MANGO

LEAVES EXTRACT IN DECREASING WHITE BLOOD CELLS” has been duly

edited and scrutinized by the Statistician/English Critic whose signature is affixed below.

Mr. Jakes Nunag

Statistician/English Critic
APPENDIX 4 – PROOFS OF EXPERIMENTAL
 CURRICULUM VITAE

A. Personal Information

Name: De Leon, Arjay D.

Age: 17

Nickname: Lala

Birthday: February 14, 2000

Address: Planas, Porac, Pampanga

Contact number: 09264378221

Email Address: arjaydeleon_14@yahoo.com

Name of Parents

Father : De Leon, Rommel D.

Mother: De Leon, Janet D.

B. Educational Background

Senior High School: Systems Plus College Foundation

Junior High School: Pasay City North High School

Elementary: Planas Elementary School

Message to Future researchers:

The researcher’s wanted to remind the future researcher of this study that

“Patience Is A Virtue.” No matter what happened, never give up. Yes, this a complicated

study but it is up to you if you will take the risk or lose the chances. Remember, it is

difficult to wait, but it is more difficult to regret. God bless!

 CURRICULUM VITAE

C. Personal Information

Name: Pagcu, Carla Kate L.

Age: 18

Nickname: Pags

Birthday: August 07, 1999

Address: #399 SilvertreLintag Ext. Jalung, Porac, Pampanga

Contact number: 09366791566

Email Address: carlakatepagcu@gmail.com

Name of Parents

Father : Pagcu, Romarico M.

Mother: Pagcu, Imelda L.

D. Educational Background

Senior High School: Systems Plus College Foundation

Junior High School: PulungSantol National High School

Elementary: Jalung Elementary School

Message to Future researchers:

The researchers’ message for the future researchers who’s going to conduct this

study, first of all, is to have more patience and be nice to the experimental mice. You

need to give exact amount of extract to avoid problems. Treat them as a pet and be sure

that you were handling them with care during the treatment.
 CURRICULUM VITAE

E. Personal Information

Name: Canlas, Aila Mae, Maneje

Age: 18 years old

Nickname: Aila

Birthday: January 27, 2000

Address: Block9 Lot 1 Fiesta Communities Phase 2B ManibaugPorac, Pampanga

Contact number: 09359373841

Email Address: ailacanlas@gmail.com

Name of Parents

Father : Eulogio Canlas Jr.

Mother: Maria Wilma Canlas

F. Educational Background

Senior High School: Systems Plus College Foundation

Junior High School: Angeles City National High School Special Science Class

Elementary: Lourdes Northwest Elementary School

Message to Future researchers:

To future researchers, remember that it only takes determination and

cooperation between the group. A strong thesis is not only about how accurate data nor

how perfect a research is, it’s about how you collaborate and work with other people.

Remember that a successful thesis doesn’t only mean that the researchers achieved their

objectives or alternative hypothesis. Sometimes a research tends to accept a null

hypothesis.
 CURRICULUM VITAE

G. Personal Information

Name: Neri, Martin Wendel L.

Age: 17

Nickname: Tom Cruise

Birthday: April 24, 2000

Address: 3935 McArthur Highway, Balibago, Angeles City, Pampanga

Contact number: 0949-103-0410

Email Address: neri.martin.mn@gmail.com

Name of Parents

Father : Neri, Neridel L.

Mother: Neri, Rowena L.

H. Educational Background

Senior High School: Systems Plus College Foundation

Junior High School: Don Bosco Academy

Elementary: Don Bosco Academy

Message to Future researchers:

The researchers’ message for the future researchers that will conduct this study, is

to be timely and efficient in every decision action regarding the study. A reminder that

would greatly help in avoiding tight or rather tough times specially when on a deadline.

Not doing so may result on complications that would slow down or even halt any

progress of the study.

 CURRICULUM VITAE

I. Personal Information

Name:Benedicto, Kent Carlo T.

Age: 19
Nickname: KC / Kent
Birthday: February 26, 1999
Address: 85 Democraciast.PoblacionMabalacat City, Pampanga
Contact number: 09558824966
Email Address: kcbenedicto199971@yahoo.com
Name of Parents
Father : Benedicto, Buddy C.
Mother: Benedicto, Lorna T.

J. Educational Background

Senior High School: Systems Plus College Foundation

Junior High School: Systems Plus College Foundation
Elementary: Systems Plus College Foundation
Message to Future researchers:
The researchers would like to dedicate this research to the academe and future

researchers that they may be able to use this research as a foundation in researching about

treating leukemia using natural compounds. The researchers conducted this study in hope

of creating a possible new way to treat leukemia and the researchers would like this study

to inspire future researchers who also aspire to find a new way to treat the diseases. The

researchers would also like the future researchers to make this study a basis in improving

their researches that are in line with this study.

 CURRICULUM VITAE

K. Personal Information
Name:Sangab, Charls Darwin P.

Age: 17

Nickname: Charls/Cha

Birthday: August 10, 2000

Address: #97 1st Street. Purok 1 Checkpoint Sapangbato Angeles City

Contact number: 09752553437
Email Address: charls.sangab@gmail.com
Name of Parents
Father : Sangab, Edwin B.
Mother: Sangab, Lucrecia P.
L. Educational Background
Senior High School: Systems Plus College Foundation
Junior High School: Jocson College Inc.
Elementary: Jocson College Inc.
Message to Future researchers:

To the future researchers that would conduct this study or would conduct a study related

to this. Always remember that patience, determination, carefulness and optimism is the

key to succeed in research. Always be reminded that mistakes are there to teach us, so

don’t be afraid in commiting some instead lean from the mistakes that you have

commited. Also, always be ready for some unexpected circumstances or events, learn

how to think carefully and calmly when faced with an unfamiliar situation. Goodluck and

Godbless. May you’re research succeed.

 CURRICULUM VITAE

M. Personal Information

Name: Padiernos, Anne Joelle A.

Age: 17
Nickname: AJ
Birthday: March 23, 2000
Address: Block 13 Lot 4 Vancouver Street, Metro Clark Homes,
Mawaque,Mabalacat City, Pampanga
Contact number: 0905 372 6172
Email Address: ajpadiernos@yahoo.com
Name of Parents
Father : Padiernos, Joel DC.
Mother: Padiernos, Francisca A.

N. Educational Background

Senior High School: Systems Plus College Foundation

Junior High School: Great Shepherd Christian Academy Asian Foundation
Elementary: Betterlife Christian Academy
Message to Future researchers:
The researchers’ message for the future researchers that will conduct this study, is to be

patient, always do what the researchers are told and be nice to the experimental mice. A

reminder is to treat the mice as fellow beings. This reminder means that the researchers

should avoid to curse at them and to treat them nicely because most likely harsh words

and actions may lead them to stress.

 CURRICULUM VITAE

O. Personal Information

Name: Macabanti, John Vincent E.

Age: 17

Nickname: JV

Birthday: March 07, 2000

Address: 1063 Purok 5 Rizal St. Sapangbato, Angeles City

Contact number: 09650683572

Email Address: macabanti.cj911@yahoo.com

Name of Parents

Father : Macabanti, Gilbert F.

Mother: Macabanti, Maricar E.

P. Educational Background

Senior High School: Systems Plus College Foundation

Junior High School: Sapangbato National High School

Elementary: Sapangbato Elementary School

Message to Future researchers:

For the future researchers, we have a reminder that the future researcher must be wise and

aware when it comes in experimentation. This means that the future researchers must

regard the situation of the mice if they are fit in the materials needed if they can survive it

or not.
CURRICULUM VITAE
Q. Personal Information
Name: Calderon, Anthony Ed S.

Age: 18

Nickname:Aed

Birthday: February 16, 2000

Address: 2802 – B Sta. Maria Ave., Sta Maria 2., Balibago Angeles City

Contact number:09173088186

Email Address:calderonanthony_16@yahoo.com

Name of Parents

Father :Calderon, Eduardo A.

Mother: Samson, Maria Cristina D.

R. Educational Background
Senior High School:Systems Plus College Foundation
Junior High School: Systems Plus College Foundation

Elementary:Peniel Mission Foundation Christian Academy

Message to Future researchers:

To future researchers it is key that you stay focused and start early because every step
counts. Teamwork is also an important aspect, learn to be in sync with your team. Always
remember that mistakes are just stepping stones to success, and don’t worry if you get a
null hypothesis, because even though your research is null, remember that it could still
help other future researchers so that they will not be able to make the same mistakes
again.